Monitoring system and method for ecological environment around hydroelectric power plant

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring, in particular to a hydroelectric power plant surrounding ecological environment monitoring system and method.The hydroelectric power plant surrounding ecological environment monitoring system comprises a water area monitoring module, a land area monitoring module, a remote communication module, a remote server, a data processing module and an early warning module; the method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of proper point locations in regions such as a reservoir, a downstream river channel and a diversion canal to arrange water area monitoring modules, and collecting water quality hydrological data and underwater biological activity data; selecting a plurality of appropriate point locations in the reservoir bank hydro-fluctuation belt, the side slope and the surrounding forest land to arrange land area monitoring modules, and collecting soil, vegetation and land biological activity data; the collected data are uploaded to a remote server for storage in real time through the remote communication module; the data processing module analyzes and processes the data, and immediately controls the early warning module to give an early warning to a worker after an abnormality is found; therefore, all-weather automatic monitoring and early warning can be carried out on the surrounding ecological environment of the hydroelectric power station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of monitoring technology, and in particular to a system and method for monitoring the ecological environment around a hydropower station. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and rising awareness of environmental protection, the development and utilization of renewable energy has become a key focus for governments and research institutions worldwide. Hydropower, as a mature, clean, and efficient form of renewable energy, plays a vital role in my country's energy mix. However, the construction and operation of hydropower stations inevitably impact surrounding river ecosystems, such as altering natural hydrological patterns, blocking fish migration pathways, and affecting water quality and biodiversity.

[0003] At present, traditional ecological environment monitoring around hydroelectric power stations mostly relies on manual inspections and periodic sampling and analysis, which has problems such as strong data lag, limited coverage, and slow response speed, making it difficult to meet the refined and intelligent needs of modern ecological environment supervision. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for monitoring the ecological environment around a hydroelectric power station, which can perform all-weather automatic monitoring and early warning of the ecological environment around a hydroelectric power station.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a system for monitoring the ecological environment around a hydropower station, comprising a water area monitoring module, a land area monitoring module, a remote communication module, a remote server, a data processing module, and an early warning module; the remote communication module is connected to the water area monitoring module and the land area monitoring module, respectively; the remote server is connected to the remote communication module; the data processing module is connected to the remote server; and the early warning module is connected to the data processing module; The water area monitoring module is used to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data of the water area surrounding the hydropower station; The land monitoring module is used to collect data on soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activities around the hydroelectric power station; The remote communication module is used to transmit the data collected by the water area monitoring module and the land area monitoring module to the remote server; The remote server is used to store the collected data; The data processing module is used to analyze and process the collected data, and if an abnormality is found, send an early warning signal to the early warning module; The early warning module is used to issue an early warning to the staff after receiving the early warning signal.

[0006] The water area monitoring module includes a water quality sensor unit, a hydrological sensor unit, an underwater biological activity monitoring unit, and a first data acquisition unit; the first data acquisition unit is connected to the water quality sensor unit, the hydrological sensor unit, and the underwater biological activity monitoring unit respectively; The water quality sensor unit is used to collect water quality data in the water area surrounding the hydropower station; The hydrological sensor unit is used to collect hydrological data of the water area surrounding the hydroelectric power station; The underwater biological activity monitoring unit is used to collect underwater biological activity data in the waters surrounding the hydroelectric power station; The first data acquisition unit is used to collect raw data from the water quality sensor unit, the hydrological sensor unit and the underwater biological activity monitoring unit, and perform preliminary processing on the raw data.

[0007] Wherein, the water area monitoring module further includes a first local storage unit; the first local storage unit is connected to the first data acquisition unit; The first local storage unit is used to temporarily store the collected data.

[0008] The land monitoring module includes a soil sensor unit, a vegetation monitoring unit, a land biological activity monitoring unit and a second data acquisition unit; the second data acquisition unit is connected to the soil sensor unit, the vegetation monitoring unit and the land biological activity monitoring unit respectively; The soil sensor unit is used to collect various indicators of the soil around the hydroelectric power station; The vegetation monitoring unit is used to collect various data of vegetation around the hydroelectric power station; The terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit is used to collect terrestrial biological activity data around the hydroelectric power station; The second data acquisition unit is used to collect raw data from the soil sensor unit, the vegetation monitoring unit and the terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit, and perform preliminary processing.

[0009] Wherein, the land monitoring module further includes a second local storage unit; the second local storage unit is connected to the second data acquisition unit; The second local storage unit is used to temporarily store the collected data.

[0010] Wherein, the remote communication module includes a wireless communication unit, a wired communication unit and a data encryption unit; the data encryption unit is connected to the wireless communication unit and the wired communication unit respectively; The wireless communication unit is used to wirelessly transmit data to the remote server; The wired communication unit is used to transmit data to the remote server via wired communication; The data encryption unit is used to ensure data security during data transmission and avoid data leakage.

[0011] Wherein, the remote server includes a data storage unit and a rights management unit; the rights management unit is connected to the data storage unit; The data storage unit is used to store the collected data; The authority management unit is used to perform authority management on the collected data to prevent unauthorized access.

[0012] Wherein, the data processing module includes a data analysis unit and an anomaly detection unit; the anomaly detection unit is connected to the data analysis unit; The data analysis unit is used to analyze the collected data and generate a monitoring report for staff to review; The anomaly detection unit is used to set a threshold to determine whether the data is abnormal, and send an early warning signal to the early warning module according to the specific circumstances of the abnormality.

[0013] Wherein, the early warning module includes a multi-channel notification unit and a confirmation unit; the confirmation unit is connected to the multi-channel notification unit; The multi-channel notification unit is used to periodically send warning information to staff; The confirmation unit is used for the staff to confirm to the confirmation unit that the warning information has been received after receiving the warning information, so that the multi-channel notification unit stops sending the warning information.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for monitoring the ecological environment around a hydropower station, comprising: Select several suitable points in the waters around the hydroelectric power station to install water monitoring modules to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data in the waters around the hydroelectric power station; Select several suitable points on the land around the hydroelectric power station to install land monitoring modules to collect data on soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activities around the hydroelectric power station; The remote communication module transmits the data collected by the water area monitoring module and the land area monitoring module to the remote server; The data processing module analyzes and processes the collected data, and if any abnormality is found, an early warning signal is sent to the early warning module; After receiving the warning signal, the warning module issues a warning to the staff.

[0015] The present invention provides a system and method for monitoring the ecological environment around a hydroelectric power station. The system selects several suitable points in areas such as reservoirs, downstream rivers and water diversion channels to deploy the water area monitoring modules to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data of the water area around the hydroelectric power station; the system selects several suitable points in the reservoir bank drawdown zone, slopes and surrounding woodlands to deploy the land area monitoring modules to collect soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activity data around the hydroelectric power station; the data collected by the water area monitoring module and the land area monitoring module are uploaded to the remote server in real time via the remote communication module, and the remote server stores the data; the data processing module analyzes and processes the data and immediately controls the early warning module to issue an early warning to the staff upon detection of an abnormality; thereby, the ecological environment around the hydroelectric power station can be automatically monitored and warned around the clock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a water area monitoring module according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the land monitoring module of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a remote communication module according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the remote server of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the data processing module of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the early warning module of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a flow chart of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] 1-water area monitoring module, 2-land area monitoring module, 3-remote communication module, 4-remote server, 5-data processing module, 6-early warning module, 11-water quality sensor unit, 12-hydrological sensor unit, 13-underwater biological activity monitoring unit, 14-first data acquisition unit, 15-first local storage unit, 21-soil sensor unit, 22-vegetation monitoring unit, 23-terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit, 24-second data acquisition unit, 25-second local storage unit, 31-wireless communication unit, 32-wired communication unit, 33-data encryption unit, 41-data storage unit, 42-authority management unit, 51-data analysis unit, 52-abnormality detection unit, 61-multi-channel notification unit, 62-confirmation unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The first embodiment of this application is: See also Figure 1-Figure 7 ,in, Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a water area monitoring module according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the land monitoring module of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a remote communication module according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the remote server of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the data processing module of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the early warning module of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The present invention provides an ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station, comprising a water area monitoring module 1, a land area monitoring module 2, a remote communication module 3, a remote server 4, a data processing module 5 and an early warning module 6; the water area monitoring module 1 comprises a water quality sensor unit 11, a hydrological sensor unit 12, an underwater biological activity monitoring unit 13 and a first data acquisition unit 14; the water area monitoring module 1 also comprises a first local storage unit 15; the land area monitoring module 2 comprises a soil sensor unit 21, a vegetation monitoring unit 22, a terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit 23 and a second data acquisition unit 24; the land area monitoring module 2 also comprises a second local storage unit 25; the remote communication module 3 comprises a wireless communication unit 31, a wired communication unit 32 and a data encryption unit 33; the remote server 4 comprises a data storage unit 41 and a permission management unit 42; the data processing module 5 comprises a data analysis unit 51 and an anomaly detection unit 52; the early warning module 6 comprises a multi-channel notification unit 61 and a confirmation unit 62; through the above scheme, all-weather automatic monitoring and early warning of the ecological environment around a hydroelectric power station can be carried out.

[0028] Furthermore, the remote communication module 3 is connected to the water monitoring module 1 and the land monitoring module 2 respectively; the remote server 4 is connected to the remote communication module 3; the data processing module 5 is connected to the remote server 4; the early warning module 6 is connected to the data processing module 5; The water area monitoring module 1 is used to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data of the water area around the hydropower station; The land monitoring module 2 is used to collect data on soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activities around the hydroelectric power station; The remote communication module 3 is used to transmit the data collected by the water area monitoring module 1 and the land area monitoring module 2 to the remote server 4; The remote server 4 is used to store the collected data; The data processing module 5 is used to analyze and process the collected data, and if an abnormality is found, it sends an early warning signal to the early warning module 6; The warning module 6 is used to issue a warning to the staff after receiving the warning signal.

[0029] In this embodiment, the water area monitoring module 1 is deployed at several suitable points in areas such as reservoirs, downstream rivers and water diversion channels to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data in the water area around the hydroelectric power station; the land area monitoring module 2 is deployed at several suitable points in the reservoir bank drawdown zone, slopes and surrounding woodlands to collect soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activity data around the hydroelectric power station; the data collected by the water area monitoring module 1 and the land area monitoring module 2 are uploaded to the remote server 4 in real time through the remote communication module 3, and the remote server stores these data; the data processing module 5 analyzes and processes these data, and immediately controls the early warning module 6 to issue an early warning to the staff when an abnormality is found; thereby, all-weather automatic monitoring and early warning of the ecological environment around the hydroelectric power station can be carried out.

[0030] Furthermore, the water area monitoring module 1 includes a water quality sensor unit 11, a hydrological sensor unit 12, an underwater biological activity monitoring unit 13 and a first data acquisition unit 14; the first data acquisition unit 14 is connected to the water quality sensor unit 11, the hydrological sensor unit 12 and the underwater biological activity monitoring unit 13 respectively; The water quality sensor unit 11 is used to collect water quality data in the water area around the hydropower station; The hydrological sensor unit 12 is used to collect hydrological data of the water area around the hydropower station; The underwater biological activity monitoring unit 13 is used to collect underwater biological activity data in the waters around the hydropower station; The first data acquisition unit 14 is used to collect raw data from the water quality sensor unit 11 , the hydrological sensor unit 12 , and the underwater biological activity monitoring unit 13 , and perform preliminary processing.

[0031] In this embodiment, the water quality sensor unit 11 uses several sensors installed at appropriate collection points to measure data such as water pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, temperature, and heavy metal content; the hydrological sensor unit 12 uses several sensors installed at appropriate collection points to measure data such as water level, flow, flow velocity, precipitation, and evaporation; the underwater biological activity monitoring unit 13 uses sonar equipment, underwater cameras, and fish detectors to collect data on changes in the types and quantity of underwater organisms; the first data acquisition unit 14 is used to perform preliminary processing on the collected raw data, such as filtering and calibration.

[0032] Furthermore, the water area monitoring module 1 further includes a first local storage unit 15; the first local storage unit 15 is connected to the first data acquisition unit 14; The first local storage unit 15 is used to temporarily store the collected data.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first local storage unit 15 is used to store the data preliminarily processed by the first data acquisition unit 14 to prevent communication interruption and loss of collected data in a certain period of time.

[0034] Furthermore, the land monitoring module 2 includes a soil sensor unit 21, a vegetation monitoring unit 22, a land biological activity monitoring unit 23 and a second data acquisition unit 24; the second data acquisition unit 24 is connected to the soil sensor unit 21, the vegetation monitoring unit 22 and the land biological activity monitoring unit 23 respectively; The soil sensor unit 21 is used to collect various indicators of the soil around the hydropower station; The vegetation monitoring unit 22 is used to collect various data of vegetation around the hydroelectric power station; The terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit 23 is used to collect terrestrial biological activity data around the hydroelectric power station; The second data acquisition unit 24 is used to collect raw data from the soil sensor unit 21, the vegetation monitoring unit 22 and the terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit 23, and perform preliminary processing.

[0035] In this embodiment, the soil sensor unit 21 uses several sensors installed at appropriate collection points to collect data such as soil moisture, temperature, pH, and salinity; the vegetation monitoring unit 22 uses satellite remote sensing technology to obtain information such as vegetation coverage and health status; the terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit 23 uses an infrared camera to collect data such as the types and numbers of terrestrial animals; the second data acquisition unit 24 is used to perform preliminary processing on the collected raw data.

[0036] Furthermore, the land monitoring module 2 further includes a second local storage unit 25; the second local storage unit 25 is connected to the second data acquisition unit 24; The second local storage unit 25 is used to temporarily store the collected data.

[0037] In this embodiment, the second local storage unit 25 is used to store the data preliminarily processed by the second data acquisition unit 24 to prevent communication interruption and loss of collected data in a certain period of time.

[0038] Furthermore, the remote communication module 3 includes a wireless communication unit 31, a wired communication unit 32 and a data encryption unit 33; the data encryption unit 33 is connected to the wireless communication unit 31 and the wired communication unit 32 respectively; The wireless communication unit 31 is used to wirelessly transmit data to the remote server 4; The wired communication unit 32 is used to transmit data to the remote server 4 via wired communication; The data encryption unit 33 is used to ensure data security during data transmission and avoid data leakage.

[0039] In this embodiment, the wireless communication unit 31 supports multiple wireless communication methods such as 4G / 5G, Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, etc. according to actual conditions to adapt to different geographical environments; the wired communication unit 32 selects wired connections such as optical fibers to provide a stable data transmission channel according to actual conditions; the data encryption unit 33 is used to encrypt the transmitted data.

[0040] Furthermore, the remote server 4 includes a data storage unit 41 and a rights management unit 42; the rights management unit 42 is connected to the data storage unit 41; The data storage unit 41 is used to store the collected data; The authority management unit 42 is used to perform authority management on the collected data to prevent unauthorized access.

[0041] In this embodiment, the data storage unit 41 adopts a database management system to efficiently store a large amount of historical data and support quick access and retrieval; the authority management unit 42 is used to ensure that only authorized personnel can access the data, and an ID and password are set for each relevant staff member. If necessary, fingerprint or facial recognition can be added.

[0042] Furthermore, the data processing module 5 includes a data analysis unit 51 and an anomaly detection unit 52; the anomaly detection unit 52 is connected to the data analysis unit 51; The data analysis unit 51 is used to analyze the collected data and generate a monitoring report for staff to review; The anomaly detection unit 52 is used to set a threshold to determine whether the data is abnormal, and send an early warning signal to the early warning module 6 according to the specific situation of the abnormality.

[0043] In this embodiment, the data analysis unit 51 summarizes and organizes the collected data, combines it with historical data, summarizes the changing trends, and generates a report. The anomaly detection unit 52 is used to set thresholds for each data item. If a data item is too high or too low, a corresponding warning signal is generated and sent to the warning module 6. Specifically, during data preprocessing, data cleaning is first performed, and missing values ​​are filled using interpolation methods (such as linear interpolation and spline interpolation); or missing values ​​are estimated based on context information. Noise filtering is then performed, and high-frequency noise is removed using a low-pass filter. For specific types of sensor data (such as temperature), the moving average method can be used to smooth the data. Finally, outlier detection is performed, and outliers are identified and marked using statistical methods (such as Z-score and IQR), density-based methods (such as LOF, Local Outlier Factor), or machine learning models (such as Isolation Forest). During data analysis, feature extraction is first performed, and key features are determined based on business needs. For example, in water quality monitoring, dissolved oxygen and pH value are important indicators; in soil monitoring, humidity and temperature are key indicators. New features are then created to enhance the expressiveness of the model. For example, when calculating the water quality index (WQI), a comprehensive evaluation index is obtained by weighted combination of multiple water quality parameters; data normalization is then performed, and techniques such as Min-Max scaling and Z-score standardization are often used to map the values ​​to the [0,1] interval or the standard normal distribution range; when detecting anomalies, box plots can be used to identify points outside the normal range; based on the normal distribution assumption, thresholds (such as mean ± 3σ) are set as anomaly boundaries; when generating reports, PDF or HTML format reports are automatically generated based on the analysis results, including charts, tables and text descriptions; if an abnormality is found, an early warning is triggered to notify relevant personnel, and detailed diagnostic information is attached; Taking dissolved oxygen levels as an example, let's assume we want to monitor dissolved oxygen levels in the waters surrounding a hydropower station and predict future trends: data collection: record dissolved oxygen concentrations every hour; data cleaning: check for missing values ​​or outliers, and if so, handle them as described above; feature extraction: in addition to directly using dissolved oxygen concentrations, you can also consider adding relevant factors such as timestamps and temperature as auxiliary features; standardization: normalize all feature values ​​to the same scale; anomaly detection: use the Isolation Forest algorithm to detect any abnormal fluctuations; trend prediction: use the LSTM model to predict the dissolved oxygen change trend over the next few days; result presentation: draw a trend chart of dissolved oxygen changes over time and set warning lines to indicate the safe range.

[0044] Furthermore, the warning module 6 includes a multi-channel notification unit 61 and a confirmation unit 62; the confirmation unit 62 is connected to the multi-channel notification unit 61; The multi-channel notification unit 61 is used to periodically send warning information to staff; The confirmation unit 62 is used for the staff to confirm to the confirmation unit 62 that the warning information has been received after receiving the warning information, so that the multi-channel notification unit 61 stops sending the warning information.

[0045] In this embodiment, the multi-channel notification unit 61 sends warning information to the staff in the form of text messages, emails, and alarm lights. Before the staff confirms, the warning information is sent periodically until the staff sees the warning information and confirms it through the confirmation unit 62. After the feedback is fed back to the multi-channel notification unit 61, the multi-channel notification unit 61 stops the warning.

[0046] The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station described in this embodiment selects several suitable points in areas such as reservoirs, downstream rivers and water diversion channels to deploy the water area monitoring module 1 to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data in the water area around the hydroelectric power station; selects several suitable points in the reservoir bank drawdown zone, slopes and surrounding woodlands to deploy the land area monitoring module 2 to collect soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activity data around the hydroelectric power station; the data collected by the water area monitoring module 1 and the land area monitoring module 2 are uploaded to the remote server 4 in real time through the remote communication module 3, and the remote server stores these data; the data processing module 5 analyzes and processes the data, and immediately controls the early warning module 6 to issue an early warning to the staff when an abnormality is found; thereby, all-weather automatic monitoring and early warning of the ecological environment around the hydroelectric power station can be carried out.

[0047] The second embodiment of this application is: Based on the first embodiment, please refer to Figure 8 ,in, Figure 8 It is a flow chart of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] The present invention provides a method for monitoring the ecological environment around a hydropower station, comprising: S1 selects several suitable points in the waters around the hydroelectric power station and installs water monitoring modules 1 to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data in the waters around the hydroelectric power station; S2 selects several suitable points on the land around the hydroelectric power station and installs land monitoring modules 2 to collect data on soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activities around the hydroelectric power station; S3 The remote communication module 3 transmits the data collected by the water monitoring module 1 and the land monitoring module 2 to the remote server 4; S4 The data processing module 5 analyzes and processes the collected data, and if an abnormality is found, an early warning signal is sent to the early warning module 6; S5 After receiving the warning signal, the warning module 6 issues a warning to the staff.

[0049] The above disclosure is merely one or more preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. A person skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiments and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present application are still within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A system for monitoring the ecological environment around a hydroelectric power station, characterized in that: It includes a water area monitoring module, a land area monitoring module, a remote communication module, a remote server, a data processing module and an early warning module; the remote communication module is connected to the water area monitoring module and the land area monitoring module respectively; the remote server is connected to the remote communication module; the data processing module is connected to the remote server; and the early warning module is connected to the data processing module; The water area monitoring module is used to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data of the water area surrounding the hydropower station; The land monitoring module is used to collect data on soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activities around the hydroelectric power station; The remote communication module is used to transmit the data collected by the water area monitoring module and the land area monitoring module to the remote server; The remote server is used to store the collected data; The data processing module is used to analyze and process the collected data, and if an abnormality is found, send an early warning signal to the early warning module; The early warning module is used to issue an early warning to the staff after receiving the early warning signal.

2. The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water area monitoring module includes a water quality sensor unit, a hydrological sensor unit, an underwater biological activity monitoring unit and a first data acquisition unit; the first data acquisition unit is connected to the water quality sensor unit, the hydrological sensor unit and the underwater biological activity monitoring unit respectively; The water quality sensor unit is used to collect water quality data in the water area surrounding the hydropower station; The hydrological sensor unit is used to collect hydrological data of the water area surrounding the hydroelectric power station; The underwater biological activity monitoring unit is used to collect underwater biological activity data in the waters surrounding the hydroelectric power station; The first data acquisition unit is used to collect raw data from the water quality sensor unit, the hydrological sensor unit and the underwater biological activity monitoring unit, and perform preliminary processing on the raw data.

3. The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water area monitoring module further includes a first local storage unit; the first local storage unit is connected to the first data acquisition unit; The first local storage unit is used to temporarily store the collected data.

4. The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The land monitoring module includes a soil sensor unit, a vegetation monitoring unit, a land biological activity monitoring unit and a second data acquisition unit; the second data acquisition unit is connected to the soil sensor unit, the vegetation monitoring unit and the land biological activity monitoring unit respectively; The soil sensor unit is used to collect various indicators of the soil around the hydroelectric power station; The vegetation monitoring unit is used to collect various data of vegetation around the hydroelectric power station; The terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit is used to collect terrestrial biological activity data around the hydroelectric power station; The second data acquisition unit is used to collect raw data from the soil sensor unit, the vegetation monitoring unit and the terrestrial biological activity monitoring unit, and perform preliminary processing.

5. The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The land monitoring module further includes a second local storage unit; the second local storage unit is connected to the second data acquisition unit; The second local storage unit is used to temporarily store the collected data.

6. The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to claim 5, characterized in that: The remote communication module includes a wireless communication unit, a wired communication unit and a data encryption unit; the data encryption unit is connected to the wireless communication unit and the wired communication unit respectively; The wireless communication unit is used to wirelessly transmit data to the remote server; The wired communication unit is used to transmit data to the remote server via wired communication; The data encryption unit is used to ensure data security during data transmission and avoid data leakage.

7. The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The remote server includes a data storage unit and a rights management unit; the rights management unit is connected to the data storage unit; The data storage unit is used to store the collected data; The authority management unit is used to perform authority management on the collected data to prevent unauthorized access.

8. The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data processing module includes a data analysis unit and an anomaly detection unit; the anomaly detection unit is connected to the data analysis unit; The data analysis unit is used to analyze the collected data and generate a monitoring report for staff to review; The anomaly detection unit is used to set a threshold to determine whether the data is abnormal, and send an early warning signal to the early warning module according to the specific circumstances of the abnormality.

9. The ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to claim 8, characterized in that: The early warning module includes a multi-channel notification unit and a confirmation unit; the confirmation unit is connected to the multi-channel notification unit; The multi-channel notification unit is used to periodically send warning information to staff; The confirmation unit is used for the staff to confirm to the confirmation unit that the warning information has been received after receiving the warning information, so that the multi-channel notification unit stops sending the warning information.

10. A method for monitoring the ecological environment around a hydroelectric power station, using the ecological environment monitoring system around a hydroelectric power station according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Select several suitable points in the waters around the hydroelectric power station to install water monitoring modules to collect water quality and hydrological data and underwater biological activity data in the waters around the hydroelectric power station; Select several suitable points on the land around the hydroelectric power station to install land monitoring modules to collect data on soil, vegetation and terrestrial biological activities around the hydroelectric power station; The remote communication module transmits the data collected by the water area monitoring module and the land area monitoring module to the remote server; The data processing module analyzes and processes the collected data, and if any abnormality is found, an early warning signal is sent to the early warning module; After receiving the warning signal, the warning module issues a warning to the staff.

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