A seismic horizon interpretation method and system based on marker bed flattening

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration data analysis, and discloses a seismic horizon interpretation method and system based on marker layer flattening. The method loads 3D seismic data of a study area, and loads or interprets marker layer horizon data; performs layer flattening operation based on the marker layer, forms different coordinate systems before and after flattening, and calculates a conversion formula between the two coordinate systems; and converts the 3D seismic data to a new coordinate system by using the conversion formula. The present application converts data by flattening seismic data according to the marker layer, and interprets seismic horizons in the converted new data volume. For areas where the stratum occurrence inclination angle is large and the structure is complex, resulting in difficult stratum interpretation, the present application can more quickly and accurately perform automatic stratum tracking in 3D seismic data, improve the accuracy of seismic horizon interpretation, better analyze geological deposition rules, and thus effectively reduce the risk of oil and gas exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas exploration data analysis technology, and in particular relates to a seismic horizon interpretation method and system based on marker layer flattening. Background Technology

[0002] Seismic data interpretation is a crucial stage in seismic exploration engineering. Seismic horizon tracking is a fundamental and vital task, as its efficiency and accuracy directly impact the effectiveness of subsequent seismic interpretation and reservoir prediction. A good seismic horizon tracking method can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of seismic data interpretation. In areas with complex geological structures or volcanic rock development, seismic data often exhibit characteristics such as curvature, discontinuity, and drastic dip changes, making automatic horizon tracking prone to skipping or stalling. To overcome this deficiency, existing technologies disclose a method based on flattening one or more marker beds before performing horizon interpretation. This method establishes a new coordinate system based on flattening multiple marker beds and transforms the seismic data to this new coordinate system. This smooths out the previously curved, discontinuous, and drastically dipping phase axes, allowing for smooth automatic horizon tracking and thus improving the efficiency of horizon interpretation.

[0003] An invention patent application (publication number CN111650637B, publication date 20221202) discloses a seismic horizon interpretation method and apparatus, belonging to the field of seismic data processing technology. The method includes: selecting one set of seismic data volumes from multiple sets of seismic data volumes of the area to be studied as a reference data volume, with multiple seismic profiles in each set of seismic data volumes corresponding one-to-one; tracing the first and second phase axes of the first seismic profile of the reference data volume to obtain the target horizon and standard horizon of the first seismic profile, respectively; determining the target horizon of the second seismic profile of the target data volume based on the target horizon and standard horizon of the first seismic profile, where the target data volume is any seismic data volume other than the reference data volume, and the second seismic profile is the seismic profile of the target data volume that corresponds to the first seismic profile. This patent application does not involve a method for seismic horizon interpretation based on flattening of marker horizons.

[0004] An invention patent application (publication number CN105204067B, publication date 20180504) discloses a seismic horizon tracking method and apparatus. In one embodiment, the method includes: acquiring first waveform feature information of an initial seed point on a target horizon; setting a search range for the initial seed point on adjacent seismic traces; acquiring second waveform feature information of the initial seed point within the search range; calculating a third feature matrix corresponding to the initial seed point based on the first and second waveform feature information; determining the positions of similar seed points according to the third feature matrix, and performing seismic horizon tracking using the similar seed points. However, this patent exhibits poor accuracy in achieving seismic horizon tracking.

[0005] An invention patent application (publication date CN111796324B, publication date 20230210) discloses a method and apparatus for full-layer seismic tracking. The method includes: acquiring three-dimensional seismic data; extracting layer extreme points from the three-dimensional seismic data to construct a sample space; dividing the sample space into multiple subspaces with overlapping portions, and clustering the layer extreme points in each subspace to obtain layer fragments corresponding to each layer of the three-dimensional seismic data; establishing topological consistency between layer fragments; and fusing the layer fragments corresponding to each layer of the three-dimensional seismic data based on topological consistency to obtain the full-layer tracking result of the three-dimensional seismic data. However, this patent cannot avoid the layer crossover phenomenon during full-layer tracking, resulting in poor accuracy of layer fragment fusion and poor full-layer tracking performance.

[0006] The invention patent application (publication date CN109709603B, publication date 20200811) discloses a method and system for seismic horizon identification and tracking. The method includes: processing well logging data and actual seismic data to obtain training datasets and label data; training a pre-established multi-scale time-series deep learning model using the training datasets and label data; and automatically tracking horizons using the trained multi-scale deep learning model. However, the accuracy of the results in seismic data interpretation in this patent needs to be improved.

[0007] Based on the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are as follows: in areas with complex geological structures or complex stratigraphic occurrences such as volcanic rock development, the existing technology is prone to stratigraphic drift and pauses during automatic stratigraphic tracking, resulting in low efficiency of seismic stratigraphic interpretation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this invention discloses a seismic stratigraphic interpretation method and system based on marker layer flattening, specifically relating to a seismic stratigraphic interpretation method and system applicable to complex tectonic regions. The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of easy stratigraphic shifts and pauses during automatic stratigraphic tracking in areas with complex structures or volcanic rock development, thereby improving the efficiency of seismic stratigraphic interpretation.

[0009] The technical solution is as follows: a seismic horizon interpretation method based on marker layer flattening, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1, load 3D seismic data of the study area, and load or interpret marker layer horizon data;

[0011] S2, perform layer flattening operation based on the marker layer. Different coordinate systems are formed before and after flattening. Calculate the transformation formula between the two coordinate systems.

[0012] S3, for three-dimensional seismic data, use the transformation formula to transform to a new coordinate system;

[0013] S4. Interpret the stratigraphic position in the new coordinate system and convert it back to the original coordinate system using the aforementioned transformation formula to complete the stratigraphic interpretation.

[0014] In step S1, the marker layer is selected from strata that are widely developed and interpretable throughout the study area, and one or more marker layers are selected.

[0015] In step S2, the transformation formula between the two coordinate systems is calculated, including:

[0016] (1) Set the marker layers in order from top to bottom. ,in, For the order of the marker layers, The total number of marker layers; the minimum and maximum values ​​of the seismic data volume. The horizontal slices of the values ​​are also set as layers, with the layer names being respectively ; The smallest representation of a data volume Value slicing; The largest representation of the data volume Value slicing;

[0017] (2) Suppose any point in the three-dimensional seismic data Its three-dimensional coordinates are , For this point value, For this point in the new coordinate system value;

[0018] (3) The point is located at and between, They are respectively and The largest Value; among which, Indicates two adjacent marker layers;

[0019] (4) Points on the horizontal plane perpendicular line and and The intersection;

[0020] (5) The intermediate transformation variable is given by the following formula:

[0021] ;

[0022] (6) The formula for transforming from the original coordinates to the new coordinates is: ;

[0023] (7) The formula for transforming from the new coordinates to the original coordinates is: .

[0024] In step S3, the transformation to the new coordinate system is performed using the transformation formula, including:

[0025] Set the value to Each seismic sampling point is transformed to a new coordinate system according to the formula in step (6) of the transformation method shown in step S2. The value of the seismic sampling point in the new coordinate system is... All new seismic data sampling points form a new data volume.

[0026] In step S4, the converted 3D seismic data is interpreted manually or automatically. After the layer interpretation is completed, the layer interpretation is reverse-converted to the original coordinate system using the formula in step (6) of the conversion method shown in step S2.

[0027] Another object of the present invention is to provide a seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening, the system implementing the seismic horizon interpretation method based on marker layer flattening, the system comprising:

[0028] The seismic data loading module is used to load 3D seismic data for the study area.

[0029] The layer data loading module is used to load the marker layer layer data;

[0030] The horizon interpretation module is used to interpret horizons in seismic data;

[0031] The data management module is used to manage seismic and stratigraphic data;

[0032] The layer flattening module is used to perform layer flattening operations based on the marker layer. Different coordinate systems are formed before and after flattening. The module calculates and establishes a transformation formula between the two coordinate systems. This formula will be used to convert seismic data or layer data between the two coordinate systems.

[0033] The seismic data conversion module is used to convert seismic data to a new coordinate system using the aforementioned conversion formula. Subsequent automatic layer tracking will be performed on the converted seismic data.

[0034] The stratigraphic data conversion module is used to convert the stratigraphic data before and after flattening between two coordinate systems. This allows the stratigraphic data to be interpreted in the new coordinate system and then converted back to the original coordinate system using the aforementioned conversion formula, thus completing the stratigraphic interpretation work.

[0035] Furthermore, the seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening is mounted on a computer device, which includes: at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the at least one processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the functions of the seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening described above.

[0036] Furthermore, the seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening is mounted on a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can realize the functions of the seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening.

[0037] Furthermore, the seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening is mounted on an information data processing terminal. When executed on an electronic device, the information data processing terminal provides a user input interface to implement the functions of the seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening as described above. The information data processing terminal includes a mobile phone, a computer, and a switch.

[0038] Furthermore, the seismic stratigraphic interpretation system based on marker layer flattening is applied in areas with complex geological structures or complex volcanic rock formations, where geological strata exhibit bending, discontinuity, and drastic changes in dip in seismic data.

[0039] Combining all the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention transforms seismic data by flattening marker layers and interprets seismic horizons in the transformed new data volume. For areas where stratigraphic interpretation is difficult due to large dip angles and complex structures, this invention can more quickly and accurately perform automatic stratigraphic tracking in three-dimensional seismic data, avoiding the cross-layer phenomenon that occurs during automatic horizon tracking and improving the accuracy of seismic horizon interpretation. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 1This is a flowchart of the seismic horizon interpretation method based on marker layer flattening provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the marking layer settings according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the coordinate system transformation before and after flattening according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a seismic profile before flattening, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a flattened seismic profile of a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0047] Example 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, the seismic horizon interpretation method based on marker layer flattening provided in this embodiment of the invention utilizes marker layer flattening and transforms three-dimensional seismic data to better and more accurately interpret horizons and analyze geological sedimentary patterns. The method includes:

[0048] S1, load 3D seismic data of the study area, and load or interpret marker layer horizon data;

[0049] S2, perform layer flattening operation based on the marker layer. Different coordinate systems are formed before and after flattening. Calculate the transformation formula between the two coordinate systems.

[0050] S3. For 3D seismic data, the transformation formula is used to convert it to a new coordinate system. In the new coordinate system, the change in the attitude of the seismic data phase axis is relatively gentle, and automatic layer tracking is performed on this seismic data.

[0051] S4. Interpret the stratigraphic position in the new coordinate system and convert it back to the original coordinate system using the aforementioned transformation formula, thereby completing the stratigraphic interpretation.

[0052] In step S1, the marker layer should be selected from strata that are widely developed and relatively easy to interpret throughout the study area. One or more marker layers can be selected.

[0053] Specifically, a designated work area is used for example demonstration. The 3D seismic data of the work area is loaded, and the marker horizon of the work area is loaded or interpreted. The marker horizon should have a similar attitude to the target horizon to be interpreted later. Seismic data flattened based on the marker horizon can better track the target horizon. A certain profile in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 2 Based on the flattened seismic data of the H1 and H2 marker layers, the phase axes of seismic data between H1 and H2 and below H2 are also approximately flattened, making automatic layer tracking easier to achieve.

[0054] In step S2, based on the selected marker layer, the coordinate transformation formula before and after the flattening process is calculated. Figure 3 A cross-sectional view defined for the landmark stratigraphic level, wherein: The smallest representation of a data volume Value slicing; The largest representation of the data volume Value slicing; This indicates two adjacent marker layers. The dashed line indicates that the layer is missing at the current position and is connected to the previous layer.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the coordinate transformation before and after flattening. Specifically, all data points in the marker layer (original coordinate system, values ​​set to...) are... In ) The value is flattened to its maximum value (set to ). The flattening process creates two different coordinate systems before and after the flattening. The value remains unchanged. The value changes. The values ​​are transformed between the two coordinate systems before and after flattening according to the following rules:

[0056] (1) Set the marker layers in order from top to bottom. ,in, For the order of the marker layers, The total number of marker layers; the minimum and maximum values ​​of the seismic data volume. The horizontal slices of the values ​​are also set as layers, with the layer names being respectively ; The smallest representation of a data volume Value slicing; The largest representation of the data volume Value slicing;

[0057] (2) Suppose any point in the three-dimensional seismic data Its three-dimensional coordinates are , For this point value, For this point in the new coordinate system value;

[0058] (3) The point is located at and between, They are respectively and The largest Value; among which, Indicates two adjacent marker layers;

[0059] (4) Points on the horizontal plane perpendicular line and and The intersection;

[0060] (5) The intermediate transformation variable is given by the following formula:

[0061] ;

[0062] (6) The formula for transforming from the original coordinates to the new coordinates is: ;

[0063] (7) The formula for transforming from the new coordinates to the original coordinates is: .

[0064] It is understood that, for layer flattening, the prior art does not propose the above formula of the present invention and is generally single-layered, while the present invention is multi-layered and is used to explain the layer position.

[0065] In step S3, each seismic sampling point (whose value is set to...) is... Transform to a new coordinate system using the above calculation formula and form new seismic sampling points (whose values ​​are set to...). All new seismic data sampling points form a new data volume.

[0066] Specifically, using the formula in step (5) of the transformation method shown in step S2, the three-dimensional seismic data is transformed to a new coordinate system. Figure 5 for Figure 2 The data in the image are flattened seismic profiles using H1 and H2 as marker layers, where H1 and H2 correspond to... Figure 2 H1 and H2 in the text;

[0067] In step S4, manual or automatic layer interpretation is performed in the new data volume, and after interpretation, the above calculation formula is used to convert it to the original coordinate system.

[0068] It is understandable that there are generally manual and automatic tracking methods for stratigraphic interpretation. After the stratigraphic layers are flattened, the dip angle of the seismic axis in the same direction is small (near horizontal), making both manual and automatic interpretation easier and less prone to errors (layer displacement).

[0069] Specifically, the converted 3D seismic data is interpreted manually or automatically. After the layer interpretation is completed, the layer data is converted to the original coordinate system using the formula in step (6) of the conversion method shown in step S2. Figure 5 H3 is the layer interpreted on the flattened seismic profile. Due to its small dip angle, the layer is automatically tracked along the seismic axis without manual intervention, improving the efficiency of layer interpretation. The H3 layer interpretation is then converted back to the original coordinate system using the formula in step (6) of step S2, as shown below. Figure 2 H3 in the text.

[0070] As can be seen from the above embodiments, in the embodiments of the present invention, the selected data point is any point in the target layer of the three-dimensional seismic data. Such data points have advantages such as representativeness and repeatability, making the instance data representative and more scientific and reliable.

[0071] This invention relates to a seismic stratigraphic interpretation method and system based on marker layer flattening. It flattens 3D seismic data according to one or more marker layers and establishes a coordinate system transformation relationship before and after flattening, thus achieving coordinate system transformation. Compared to existing technologies, this invention is particularly useful in areas with complex geological structures and challenging stratigraphic interpretation. It can more accurately interpret strata and better analyze geological sedimentary patterns, thereby effectively reducing the risks of oil and gas exploration.

[0072] Example 2: The seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening provided in this embodiment of the invention includes:

[0073] The seismic data loading module is used to load 3D seismic data for the study area.

[0074] The layer data loading module is used to load the marker layer layer data;

[0075] The horizon interpretation module is used to interpret horizons in seismic data;

[0076] The data management module is used to manage seismic and stratigraphic data;

[0077] The layer flattening module is used to perform layer flattening operations based on the marker layer. Different coordinate systems are formed before and after flattening. The module calculates and establishes a transformation formula between the two coordinate systems. This formula will be used to convert seismic data (or layer data) between the two coordinate systems.

[0078] The seismic data conversion module is used to convert seismic data to a new coordinate system using the aforementioned conversion formula. Subsequent automatic layer tracking will be performed on the converted seismic data.

[0079] The stratigraphic data conversion module is used to convert the stratigraphic data before and after flattening between two coordinate systems. This allows the stratigraphic data to be interpreted in the new coordinate system and then converted back to the original coordinate system using the aforementioned conversion formula, thus completing the stratigraphic interpretation work.

[0080] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0081] The information interaction and execution process between the above-mentioned devices / units are based on the same concept as the method embodiments of the present invention. For details on their specific functions and technical effects, please refer to the method embodiments section, and they will not be repeated here.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0083] This invention also provides a computer device comprising: at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the at least one processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0084] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, can implement the steps described in the various method embodiments above.

[0085] This invention also provides an information data processing terminal, which, when executed on an electronic device, provides a user input interface to implement the steps described in the above method embodiments. The information data processing terminal is not limited to mobile phones, computers, or switches.

[0086] This invention also provides a server that, when executed on an electronic device, provides a user input interface to implement the steps described in the above method embodiments.

[0087] This invention provides a computer program product that, when run on an electronic device, enables the electronic device to implement the steps described in the various method embodiments above.

[0088] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include at least: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code to a photographic device / terminal device, a recording medium, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunication signal, and a software distribution medium. Examples include USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic horizon interpretation method based on marker layer flattening, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1, load 3D seismic data of the study area, and load or interpret marker layer horizon data; S2, perform layer flattening operation based on the marker layer. Different coordinate systems are formed before and after flattening. Calculate the transformation formula between the two coordinate systems. S3, for three-dimensional seismic data, use the transformation formula to transform to a new coordinate system; S4. Interpret the stratigraphic position in the new coordinate system and convert it back to the original coordinate system using the aforementioned transformation formula to complete the stratigraphic interpretation; In step S2, the transformation formula between the two coordinate systems is calculated, including: (1) Set the marker layers in order from top to bottom. ,in, For the order of the marker layers, The total number of marker layers; the minimum and maximum values ​​of the seismic data volume. The horizontal slices of the values ​​are also set as layers, with the layer names being respectively ; The smallest representation of a data volume Value slicing; The largest representing the data volume Value slicing; (2) Suppose any point in the three-dimensional seismic data Its three-dimensional coordinates are , For this point value, For this point in the new coordinate system value; (3) The point is located at and between, They are respectively and The largest Value; among which, , Indicates two adjacent marker layers; (4) Points on the horizontal plane perpendicular line and and The intersection point; (5) The intermediate transformation variable is given by the following formula: ； (6) The formula for transforming from the original coordinates to the new coordinates is: ; (7) The formula for transforming from the new coordinates to the original coordinates is: .

2. The seismic horizon interpretation method based on marker layer flattening according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the transformation to the new coordinate system is performed using the transformation formula, including: Set the value to Each seismic sampling point is transformed to a new coordinate system according to the formula in step (6) of the transformation method shown in step S2. The value of the seismic sampling point in the new coordinate system is... All new seismic data sampling points form a new data volume.

3. The seismic horizon interpretation method based on marker layer flattening according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the converted 3D seismic data is interpreted manually or automatically. After the layer interpretation is completed, the layer interpretation is reverse-converted to the original coordinate system using the formula in step (7) of the conversion method shown in step S2.

4. A seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening, characterized in that, The system implements the seismic horizon interpretation method based on marker layer flattening as described in any one of claims 1-3, and the system comprises: The seismic data loading module is used to load 3D seismic data for the study area. The layer data loading module is used to load the marker layer layer data; The horizon interpretation module is used to interpret horizons in seismic data; The data management module is used to manage seismic and stratigraphic data; The layer flattening module is used to perform layer flattening operations based on the marker layer. Different coordinate systems are formed before and after flattening. The module calculates and establishes a transformation formula between the two coordinate systems. This formula will be used to convert seismic data or layer data between the two coordinate systems. The seismic data conversion module is used to convert seismic data to a new coordinate system using the aforementioned conversion formula. Subsequent automatic layer tracking will be performed on the converted seismic data. The stratigraphic data conversion module is used to convert the stratigraphic data before and after flattening between two coordinate systems, thereby interpreting the stratigraphic data in the new coordinate system and converting it back to the original coordinate system using the aforementioned conversion formula, thus completing the stratigraphic interpretation work.

5. The seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening according to claim 4, characterized in that, The seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening is mounted on a computer device, which includes at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the at least one processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the functions of the seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening.

6. The seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening according to claim 4, characterized in that, The seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening is mounted on a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can realize the functions of the seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening.

7. The seismic horizon interpretation system based on marker layer flattening according to claim 4, characterized in that, The seismic stratigraphic interpretation system based on marker layer flattening is mounted on an information data processing terminal. When executed on an electronic device, the information data processing terminal provides a user input interface to implement the functions of the seismic stratigraphic interpretation system based on marker layer flattening. The information data processing terminal includes a mobile phone, a computer, and a switch.

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