Solar drying device with water collecting function

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar drying device with a water collecting function, and belongs to the field of solar drying. The solar drying device comprises a drying chamber, a drying chamber internal water catching and flow guiding unit, a drying chamber external water catching and flow guiding unit and a water collecting unit. Wherein the water catching and flow guiding unit in the drying chamber comprises a water catching material layer, a flow guiding ditch and a confluence groove; the water catching material layer is attached to the side wall surface and / or the top assembly surface in the drying chamber and is provided with at least one of a polygonal pyramid structure, a conical structure and a latticed texture structure which are arranged in an array mode. The diversion trench is arranged on the surface of the water catching material layer, and the confluence groove is arranged at the bottom of the water catching material layer; the diversion trenches are communicated with the confluence grooves; the internal water catching and flow guiding unit, the external water catching and flow guiding unit and the water collecting unit are additionally arranged on a conventional solar drying device, the relative moisture content of moist air in the drying chamber can be adjusted, the drying efficiency is improved, and partial recycling of moisture discharged by dried materials is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of solar drying, and in particular to a solar drying device with a water collecting function. Background Art

[0002] Water resources, as an important pillar on which human civilization depends, are indispensable in any era. In recent years, the energy industry has developed rapidly, and energy conservation, water conservation and environmental protection have become the prerequisites for development. The use of solar energy to dry agricultural products has outstanding advantages such as being green, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, with short drying time and good product quality. Agricultural products with high initial moisture content remove a considerable amount of water during the drying process, and the water is high-quality distilled water. If it can be collected and utilized, it will produce good economic and social benefits, especially for arid and rainy areas. However, current solar drying devices do not have a water collection function. The water removed from the dried materials during the drying process (hereinafter referred to as drying water) is directly discharged into the environment, resulting in a large amount of water loss and waste of water resources.

[0003] Patent CN 113338392 A discloses an air water collection device and method, including an air duct and a water collection core installed in the inner cavity of the air duct, which can capture moisture in the air. Since solar drying, especially the drying of agricultural products, is generally an intermittent working process, carried out batch by batch, the working process is discontinuous; in addition, the drying process requires active and efficient regulation of the temperature, humidity and wind speed inside the drying chamber to ensure that the drying efficiency is high enough and the quality of the dried products is uniform enough. The moisture content of the air in the general outdoor environment does not need to be adjusted, nor can it be adjusted, and the collection of moisture therein is significantly different from the collection of moisture from the hot and humid air in the drying room. Therefore, the method provided by the air water collection device disclosed in Patent CN 113338392 A is not suitable for solar drying scenarios such as enclosed spaces, large humidity changes, and discontinuous airflow. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a solar drying device with a water collection function, which can fully recover the drying moisture while drying the material and improve the drying efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] A solar drying device with water collection function includes a drying chamber (or drying chamber body), a drying material rack, an air heating and air supply unit, a water collection and diversion unit inside the drying chamber, a water collection and diversion unit outside the drying chamber, a water collection unit, and a monitoring and control unit; wherein,

[0007] The drying chamber includes a bottom foundation, side walls (or enclosing walls), a top assembly, an air supply port (or air inlet), an air outlet, and a passage door;

[0008] The water-trapping and flow-guiding unit inside the drying chamber comprises a water-trapping material layer (or water-trapping element), a flow-guiding groove (for guiding the condensed water) and a flow-collecting groove (for collecting the liquid water flowing down along the flow-guiding grooves and guiding it to the water-collecting unit), which is connected to the water-collecting unit through a water-collecting pipeline; wherein the water-trapping material layer is attached to the surface of the side wall and / or the surface of the top component inside the drying chamber, has at least one of the following structures: an arrayed multi-prism structure, a conical structure and a grid-like texture structure; the flow-guiding groove is arranged on the surface of the water-trapping material layer, and the flow-collecting groove is arranged at the bottom of the water-trapping material layer; the flow-guiding groove is connected to the flow-collecting groove;

[0009] The air heating and blowing unit is connected to the air supply port of the drying chamber,

[0010] The inlet of the water-trapping and flow-guiding unit outside the drying chamber is connected to the air outlet of the drying chamber, and the outlet is connected to the water-collecting unit,

[0011] The monitoring and control unit is used for monitoring and controlling the drying chamber, the air heating and blowing unit, the water-trapping and flow-guiding unit outside the drying chamber and the water-collecting unit.

[0012] In this application, the drying chamber, the drying material tray rack and the air heating and blowing unit constitute a conventional solar drying device without water collection function, wherein the function of the drying chamber is to provide a relatively closed and stable drying space for the drying material; the water-trapping and flow-guiding unit inside the drying chamber is used for trapping and collecting the moisture in the air inside the drying chamber (especially the moisture released by the drying material), adjusting the temperature and humidity and air flow distribution inside the drying chamber, and further adjusting the drying rate of the material. Wherein the water-trapping and flow-guiding unit inside the drying chamber, the water-trapping and flow-guiding unit outside the drying chamber and the water-collecting unit constitute a complete water-trapping and water-collecting function unit, achieve the purpose of partially recovering the water released by the drying material, and can assist in adjusting the humidity inside the drying chamber, and further adjusting the drying operation process. Wherein the flow-guiding groove is arranged on the surface of the water-trapping material layer, the flow-collecting groove is arranged at the bottom of the water-trapping material layer, the flow-guiding groove is connected to the flow-collecting groove; the water-trapping material layer traps the moisture from the hot and humid air flow inside the drying chamber, and the trapped moisture flows to the water-collecting unit through the flow-guiding groove and the flow-collecting groove.

[0013] Optionally, in the multi-prism structure, the number of edges of the multi-prism is greater than or equal to 4.

[0014] Optionally, the flow-guiding groove is a plurality of (or a certain number of) millimeter-level width.

[0015] Optionally, the flow-collecting groove is concave, and the width direction scale is centimeter-level.

[0016] Optionally, the water collecting pipe is arranged on the inner surface of the side wall of the drying chamber and is connected to the confluence trough.

[0017] Optionally, in the water-capturing material layer, the top tip of the polygonal pyramid or cone structure has burrs, and the middle of the side has a porous structure.

[0018] Optionally, in the water-capturing material layer, the polygonal pyramid or cone structure includes a first polygonal pyramid or cone structure and at least one of a second polygonal pyramid or cone structure, and the height of the first polygonal pyramid or cone structure is lower than the height of the second polygonal pyramid or cone structure.

[0019] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, when the water-catching material layer is attached to the side wall surface inside the drying chamber, it is prepared by using the water-catching material arranged in an array of the second polygonal pyramid or cone structure; when the water-catching material layer is attached to the top component surface inside the drying chamber, it is prepared by using the water-catching material arranged in an array of the first polygonal pyramid or cone structure.

[0020] Optionally, in the water-capturing material layer, the first polygonal pyramid or cone structure and the second polygonal pyramid or cone structure are arranged at intervals to form an array structure.

[0021] For example, the water-capturing material layer is made of a water-capturing material in which the first polygonal pyramid structure and the second polygonal pyramid structure are arranged in an array structure. Alternatively, the water-capturing material layer is made of a water-capturing material in which the first conical structure and the second conical structure are arranged in an array structure. Alternatively, the water-capturing material layer is made of a water-capturing material in which the first conical structure and the second polygonal pyramid structure are arranged in an array structure.

[0022] In the present invention, in the water-capturing material layer, the tip of the polygonal pyramid or cone structure can absorb moisture in the air and cause the moisture to gather at the tip. As the amount of moisture adsorbed increases, the water droplets gather and become larger. The moisture gathered at the tip enters the diversion ditch under the diversion action of the side edges or sides of the polygonal pyramid and the side of the cone, and converges to the confluence trough under the diversion action of the diversion ditch. The water is then concentrated through the confluence trough to the water collection pipe arranged on the inner surface of the side wall and recovered to the water collection unit.

[0023] Optionally, the bottom foundation of the drying chamber is fixed on the ground, or fixed on a mobile platform.

[0024] Optionally, the top assembly comprises a top panel and a top panel tilt adjustment mechanism. The top panel is preferably made of a transparent material so that sunlight can directly shine into the drying chamber.

[0025] In the application, the inclination angle adjusting mechanism of the top panel can be used to adjust the inclination degree of the top panel, so as to accelerate the flow speed of the water after being collected in the water collecting and guiding unit in the drying chamber, and to achieve the purpose of quickly collecting water and adjusting the air humidity in the drying chamber.

[0026] Optionally, one end of the inclination angle adjusting mechanism of the top panel of the drying chamber is installed on the upper part of the side wall opposite to the top panel, preferably about 10-20 cm lower than the upper end surface of the side wall, and is reliably connected in a rotatable manner, and the other end is rotatably connected to a proper position of the top panel.

[0027] Optionally, the inclination angle adjusting mechanism of the top panel of the drying chamber is realized by using one of the devices such as a linear motor and a hydraulic rod.

[0028] Optionally, the top panel and the top of the side wall of the drying chamber are connected in a rotatable manner, and the optional mode is a hinge connection.

[0029] In the application, the connection mode between the components of the drying chamber body, the inclination angle adjusting mechanism of the top panel, the setting of the channel for taking and placing the drying material, and the setting of the air supply port and the air outlet port can all be realized by using the conventional technology in the field, and the application is not limited in detail. The drying material tray is used to hold or support the material to be dried. According to the variety, form, stacking mode, drying requirement, etc. of the material, a corresponding appropriate conventional tray is selected, and the application is not limited in detail.

[0030] Optionally, the drying material tray is placed in the drying chamber, and is fixedly connected, detachably connected or not specifically connected between the drying chamber, and is moved in when needed and moved out when not needed.

[0031] Optionally, the drying material tray is used to hold or support the material to be dried. The drying material tray comprises or is at least composed of a body frame, a storage tray and a hook. The body frame is made of wood, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and is mainly in the form of a columnar or rod-shaped raw material, and is formed into an integral frame by welding, bolt connection, etc. Legs, universal wheels, etc. are arranged at the bottom of the body frame to facilitate fixation or movement. The body frame is provided with a conventional structure for supporting the storage tray and the hook.

[0032] Optionally, the air heating and air supply unit comprises an air blower, a solar heat collector, a heat storage tank and an auxiliary electric heater, and the connection mode of each component can adopt the conventional connection method in the field. Optionally, the air blower, the solar heat collector, the heat storage tank and the auxiliary electric heater are connected in sequence.

[0033] The solar thermal collector is preferably an air-heating collector with an adjustable collecting surface angle. The thermal storage tank stores excess solar heat during sunny days and releases heat at night or during other periods of low sunlight to maintain the continuity of the drying process for the current batch of materials. The auxiliary electric heating device primarily provides timely supplemental heating of the air entering the drying chamber when the supply air temperature is lower than the set value.

[0034] Optionally, the air heating and air supply unit further includes a first valve and a second valve. The first valve is disposed between the solar thermal collector and the heat storage tank, and is used to control the heat storage tank to heat the air flowing through the air supply duct by opening and closing the valve. The second valve is disposed between the solar thermal collector and the auxiliary electric heater. When the second valve is closed and the first valve is opened, the solar thermal collector and the auxiliary electric heater are directly used to heat the air flowing through the air supply duct. When the first valve is closed and the second valve is opened, the solar thermal collector, the heat storage tank, and the auxiliary electric heater are used to heat the air flowing through the air supply duct. The auxiliary electric heater can also be controlled by a power switch to determine whether it is used to heat the air flowing through the air supply duct.

[0035] Optionally, the auxiliary electric heating device is installed on the air inlet duct of the drying chamber or inside the drying chamber, and is turned on when there is insufficient light or rainy weather.

[0036] In this application, the auxiliary electric heater is generally turned on in conditions of insufficient sunlight or continuous cloudy days to ensure that the air supply temperature meets the dryness requirement. However, it is not excluded that the auxiliary electric heater may be used to heat the air in order to achieve a suitable air supply temperature under conditions of sufficient sunlight in winter.

[0037] Optionally, the air heating and air supply unit further includes an air filter, which is arranged at the front end of the air blower inlet and is used to filter the air entering the air blower.

[0038] Optionally, the water collection and diversion unit outside the drying chamber includes an air guide pipe, a wet air condenser, a moisture absorber, a diversion water channel and a water collecting pipe, which is used to capture moisture in the wet air discharged from the air outlet of the drying chamber body, thereby improving the recovery rate of moisture removed from the material drying.

[0039] Optionally, in the water collecting and guiding unit outside the drying chamber, the wet air condenser is selected from one of a plate-fin heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger and a fin-tube heat exchanger.

[0040] Optionally, the inlet of the wet air condenser is connected to the air outlet of the drying chamber via an air duct; and the outlet of the wet air condenser is connected to the inlet of the moisture absorber via the air duct.

[0041] Optionally, the outlet of the wet air condenser is further connected to a water collection unit (eg, a normal pressure water collection tank).

[0042] Optionally, the exhaust port of the dehumidifier may be directly connected to the atmosphere, or connected to the inlet of the air heating and air supply unit through an air duct.

[0043] As an optional implementation scheme, the wet air condenser may not be added to the water collection and diversion unit outside the drying chamber, and only the desiccant may be retained; the regeneration of the hygroscopic capacity of the hygroscopic material in the desiccant may be carried out during the interval between two batches of drying materials, and the dry air may be directly supplied by the blower through the valve pipeline for switching and removing water and regeneration.

[0044] Optionally, the water collection unit includes a water collection tank, a water supply filter and a connecting pipe. Optionally, the water collection tank is a normal pressure closed water collection tank with a breathing hole.

[0045] The shape of the water collection tank in this application can be cylindrical, square, etc. according to actual conditions; stainless steel is recommended as the material of the water collection tank, but other materials can also be selected; there is no specific limitation here. In addition, the water collection tank can be supported by legs or universal wheels and placed on the ground.

[0046] Optionally, the water-absorbing material layer has a grid-like texture structure.

[0047] In the present application, in addition to the aforementioned water-capturing material layer comprising a multi-faceted pyramid structure, the water-capturing material layer may also be prepared using a water-capturing material having a grid-like texture. The numerous small pores in the grid-like texture easily absorb moisture from the air and allow the moisture to flow along the diversion grooves to the confluence troughs, where it is finally collected in the water collection unit.

[0048] Optionally, the solar drying device further comprises a solid-liquid phase change temperature control component, which is arranged on the sunny side wall surface inside the drying chamber; the solid-liquid phase change temperature control component comprises a box body and a solid-liquid phase change material.

[0049] In this application, in order to reduce the fluctuation range of the temperature inside the drying chamber, a solid-liquid phase change temperature control component is installed on the sunny side wall inside the drying chamber. The component is an independent movable box-type device.

[0050] Optionally, the upper and lower limits of the phase change temperature range of the solid-liquid phase change material in the solid-liquid phase change temperature control assembly are 5-20°C higher than the upper and lower limits of the drying temperature range suitable for the material being dried, respectively. When the temperature in the drying chamber is high, the solid-liquid phase change material in the solid-liquid phase change temperature control module absorbs heat and melts, storing heat. When the temperature in the drying chamber is low, the solid-liquid phase change material solidifies and releases heat. The overall effect is to suppress temperature fluctuations in the drying chamber, reduce the amplitude of temperature fluctuations, and make the drying process more stable.

[0051] In the application, the monitoring and control unit is used for monitoring the drying process.

[0052] Optionally, the monitoring objects of the monitoring and control unit at least include the temperature and humidity inside the drying chamber, the temperature and humidity of the air supply outlet of the drying chamber, the temperature and humidity of the air outlet of the drying chamber.

[0053] Optionally, the monitoring objects of the monitoring and control unit further include the outdoor environment temperature and humidity of the drying chamber, the solar light (or radiation) intensity, the ambient wind speed, the rotating speed and air supply amount of the air supply fan, the internal temperature of the heat storage box, the inclination angle of the heat collector, the inclination angle of the top panel of the drying chamber, the temperature and humidity at the outlet of the wet air condenser, the water temperature and water level height in the water collection tank.

[0054] In the drying process, the monitoring and control unit refers to the typical drying curve of the drying material, judges whether the current drying stage belongs to constant speed drying or decreasing speed drying according to the real-time change of the water content of the material, and then automatically adjusts the air supply temperature, air supply amount, inclination angle of the heat collector, inclination angle of the top panel of the drying chamber and other parameters according to the measured temperature and humidity of the wet air in the drying chamber, so that the drying process can be carried out efficiently.

[0055] In the application, the internal water trapping and guiding unit of the drying chamber, the external water trapping and guiding unit of the drying chamber and the water collection unit constitute a complete water trapping and collection system, realizing the function of partial recovery of drying moisture; the internal water trapping and guiding unit of the drying chamber has the functions of promoting the condensation, coalescence and gravity confluence of water in the wet air in the drying chamber and flowing into the water collection tank through the water guiding structure (water guiding ditch and confluence groove), which can assist in adjusting the humidity in the drying chamber and further adjusting the drying operation process.

[0056] In the application, the above technical features can be freely combined to form new technical solutions without conflict.

[0057] The technical solution of the application has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0058] (1) The solar drying device with water collection function provided by the application adds an internal water trapping and guiding unit, an external water trapping and guiding unit and a water collection unit in a conventional solar drying device, which indirectly saves water resources and increases the economy of the drying operation by realizing the partial recovery of drying moisture, and directly changes the relative humidity and relative humidity of the wet air in the drying chamber by using measures (such as a water trapping material layer) to promote the condensation of mist in the wet air, thereby promoting the removal of water in the drying material and improving the drying efficiency.

[0059] (2) The solar drying device with water collection function provided by the present invention suppresses the temperature fluctuation of the hot air in the drying chamber and reduces the fluctuation amplitude by adding a solid-liquid phase change temperature control component inside the drying chamber. The effect of reducing the humidity caused by the coupled water collection and diversion unit can more significantly improve the temperature and humidity regulation effect in the drying chamber during the drying process, thereby improving the drying efficiency and the quality of the dried products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a solar drying device with a water collection function according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of an internal water-collecting and diversion unit provided on the inner surface of the side wall of the drying chamber in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the internal water-collecting and diversion unit provided on the top inner surface of the drying chamber in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0063] The figure shows:

[0064] 1-drying chamber, 11-drying chamber bottom foundation, 12-drying chamber sunny side wall, 13-drying chamber non-sun side wall, 141-drying chamber top panel, 142-drying chamber top panel inclination adjustment mechanism, 15-drying chamber air supply port, 16-drying chamber air outlet, 17-passage door;

[0065] 2-drying material tray rack, 21-material tray, 22-material tray support frame, 23-universal wheel;

[0066] 3- air heating and air supply unit, 31- air supply fan, 32- solar thermal collector, 33- thermal storage tank, 34- auxiliary electric heater, 35- air filter, 36- air supply duct, 37- air supply path switching valve (including the first valve and the second valve);

[0067] 4- water-collecting and diversion unit inside the drying chamber, 41- water-collecting material layer on the inner surface of the side wall, 42- vertical diversion groove on the inner surface of the side wall, 43- transverse concave conduit groove on the inner surface of the side wall, 44- water-collecting material layer on the inner surface of the top, 45- longitudinal diversion groove on the inner surface of the top, 46- transverse concave conduit groove on the inner surface of the top;

[0068] 5- drying chamber external water collection and diversion unit, 52- wet air condenser, 53- moisture absorber, 54- diversion water channel;

[0069] 6-water collection unit, 62-water collection tank, 63-water supply filter;

[0070] 7- Drying process monitoring and control unit, 71- Drying chamber internal temperature and humidity meter, 72- Drying chamber air outlet temperature and humidity meter, 73- Drying chamber air outlet temperature and humidity meter, 74- Outdoor environment temperature and humidity meter, 75- Solar radiation intensity meter, 76- Blower speed, 77- Thermal storage tank internal temperature meter, 78- Collector inclination sensor, 79- Solar drying chamber top inclination sensor, 80- Drying material moisture content meter, 81- Water level in the water collecting tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] The following will be combined with the Figures 1 to 3 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] A solar drying device with water collection function, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes seven functional units: drying chamber 1, drying material rack 2, air heating and air supply unit 3, drying chamber internal water collection and diversion unit 4, drying chamber external water collection and diversion unit 5, water collection unit 6, and monitoring and control unit 7. Detailed descriptions are as follows.

[0074] Drying chamber 1 comprises a base 11, sidewalls including a sun-facing sidewall 12 and a non-sun-facing sidewall 13, a roof assembly comprising a top panel 141 and a top panel tilt adjustment mechanism 142, a drying chamber air inlet 15, a drying chamber air outlet 16, and an access door 17. Drying chamber 1 functions to provide a relatively enclosed and stable drying space for drying materials. The materials, dimensions, and construction of its components vary depending on the drying material and environmental conditions. The connections between the components are conventional techniques in the art.

[0075] This embodiment describes the drying chamber 1 by taking the drying of grapes and wolfberries as an example.

[0076] In the drying chamber 1, the top panel 141 is made of transparent material so that sunlight can penetrate into the drying chamber and directly shine into the interior of the drying chamber. The drying chamber air inlet 15 is opened on the sunny side wall 12, the drying chamber air outlet 16 is opened on the non-sunny side wall 13, and the passage door 17 is opened on the non-sunny side wall 13, and is not on the same side as the air outlet 16. The bottom foundation 11 is fixed on the ground, and in some cases, it can also be fixed on a mobile platform. The drying material rack 2 includes a material tray 21 for holding the material to be dried and a material tray support frame 22 for supporting the material to be dried. According to the type, form, stacking method, drying requirements, etc. of the material, corresponding appropriate conventional racks are selected respectively. The material rack can be fixedly connected to the drying chamber or detachably connected. It can be moved in when needed and moved away when not needed.

[0077] The air heating and air supply unit 3 includes the following parts: an air blower 31, a solar collector 32, a heat storage tank 33, an auxiliary electric heater 34, an air filter 35, an air supply duct 36, and an air supply path switching valve 37 (including a first valve and a second valve).

[0078] Among them, the air blower 31, the solar thermal collector 32, the air supply duct 36, the heat storage tank 33 and the auxiliary electric heater 34 are connected in sequence, and the air outlet of the auxiliary electric heater 34 is connected to the drying chamber air supply port 15 of the drying chamber 1 through a pipe; a first valve is also provided between the solar thermal collector 32 and the heat storage tank 33, and a second valve is provided between the solar thermal collector 32 and the auxiliary electric heater 34, which is used to switch the air supply path and control the use of the heat storage tank 33 (to store heat under sufficient light) by closing and opening the first valve and the second valve. In this way, air is transported by the blower 31 to the solar thermal collector 32. After being heated, it passes through the air supply duct 36 and enters the auxiliary electric heater 34 (when sufficient sunlight is available, the first valve is closed and the second valve is open, or both valves are open simultaneously) or sequentially enters the thermal storage tank 33 and the auxiliary electric heater 34 (when insufficient sunlight is available, the second valve is closed and the first valve is open). The resulting hot air enters the drying chamber 1, drying the material being dried (or to be dried) while also promoting convection within the drying chamber. The auxiliary electric heater 34 can be powered by a power supply to control its heating timing. Generally, the auxiliary electric heater 34 is activated during periods of insufficient sunlight or continuous overcast weather to ensure that the air supply temperature meets the drying requirements. However, it is not excluded that the auxiliary electric heater may be used to achieve the desired air supply temperature in winter when sunlight is sufficient. In sufficient sunlight, the auxiliary electric heater 34 may not be activated. After passing through the blower 31, the solar thermal collector 32, and the thermal storage tank 33, the air reaches the required temperature before entering the drying chamber 1. In addition, the air heating and air supply unit 3 further includes an air filter 35 installed at the front end of the air inlet of the air blower 31, which is used to filter the air entering the air blower.

[0079] The water collecting and guiding unit 4 in the drying chamber is arranged on the side wall surface and the top component surface of the drying chamber. Figure 1-3 As shown, it specifically includes the following parts:

[0080] (1) The water-receiving material layer 41 (such as Figure 1 As shown), the vertical guide groove 42 on the inner surface of the side wall 13, the transverse concave conduit groove 43 on the inner surface of the side wall 13, as shown Figure 2 As shown, the bottom surface of the water-catching material layer 41 is connected to the vertical guide groove 42, and the guide groove 42 is connected to the horizontal concave conduit 43, as shown in FIG. Figure 2As shown, the water-capturing material layer 41 has an array of conical structures, with a confluence trough 43 located at the bottom of the water-capturing material layer 41. A diversion groove 42 is vertically disposed on the surface of the water-capturing material layer 41, with the lower end of the diversion groove 42 communicating with the confluence trough 43. In this configuration, the water-capturing material layer 41 captures moisture from the hot, humid airflow within the drying chamber, and this captured moisture flows to the water collection unit 6 via the diversion groove 42 and the confluence trough 43.

[0081] (2) Figure 3 The top assembly is shown with a water-capturing material layer 44, longitudinal diversion grooves 45, and transverse concave concave sinks 46. The water-capturing material layer 44 has an array of quadrangular pyramids, with sinks 46 located at the bottom. The diversion grooves 45 run vertically along the surface of the layer, connecting their lower ends to sinks 46. The water-capturing material layer 44 captures moisture from the hot, humid airflow within the drying chamber, directing the captured moisture to the water collection unit 6 via the diversion grooves 45 and sinks 46.

[0082] The drying chamber external water collection and diversion unit 5 includes an air guide pipe 51 , a wet air condenser 52 , a moisture absorber 53 , and a diversion water channel 54 .

[0083] The water collection unit 6 is composed of a water collection pipe 61 , a water collection tank 62 and a water supply filter 63 .

[0084] The drying process monitoring and control unit 7 consists of the following parts: 71 - drying chamber internal temperature and humidity meter, 72 - drying chamber air outlet temperature and humidity meter, 73 - drying chamber air outlet temperature and humidity meter, 74 - outdoor environment temperature and humidity meter, 75 - solar radiation intensity meter, 76 - blower speed, 77 - thermal storage tank internal temperature meter, 78 - collector tilt sensor, 79 - solar drying chamber top tilt sensor, 80 - drying material moisture content meter, 81 - water level of water collecting tank.

[0085] In this embodiment, the working process of the solar drying device with water collection function is as follows:

[0086] The drying process is explained using the example of drying grapes and recovering the water removed from the grapes.

[0087] Step 1: Place or hang the grapes to be dried in a drying material rack 2 according to conventional practices;

[0088] Step 2: Record the initial temperature and humidity inside and outside the drying chamber, as well as the solar radiation intensity, and measure the initial moisture content of the grapes. After completing other relevant preparations, start the blower and begin the drying process.

[0089] Step 3: As the drying process progresses, the moisture content of the grapes decreases and the humidity in the drying chamber increases. Tiny water droplets appear on the surface of the water-capturing material layer 41 on the inner surface of the side wall 13 and the water-capturing material layer 44 on the inner surface of the top assembly. After the small water droplets coalesce and grow to a certain size, under the action of gravity, the water droplets on the inner surface of the side wall 13 flow along the vertical guide grooves 42 on the inner surface of the side wall to the transverse concave conduit 43 on the inner surface of the side wall, and then flow into the water collection tank 62 through the water collection pipe (or water collection pipe). The water droplets on the inner surface of the top assembly flow along the inner surface of the top assembly through the guide grooves 45 to the transverse concave conduit 46 on the inner surface of the top assembly, and then flow into the water collection tank 62 through the water collection pipe (or water collection pipe). In addition, the inclination angle of the top panel 141 can be adjusted by the top panel inclination adjustment mechanism 142 to accelerate the flow of water droplets on the inner surface of the top assembly into the water collection tank 62 through the guide grooves 45 and the concave conduit 46.

[0090] Step 4: There is still a certain amount of mist in the hot air leaving the drying chamber outlet. In order to improve the moisture recovery rate, the hot air further flows into the wet air condenser 52 and the desiccant 53 in sequence through the air duct 51, and finally the air leaving the desiccant 53 is directly discharged; the moisture precipitated in the wet air condenser 52 and the desiccant 53 is collected into the water collecting tank 62 through the diversion water channel 54 and the water collecting pipe 61.

[0091] Step 5: As the drying process continues, the moisture content of the grapes decreases, and the amount of water collected per unit time decreases. During this stage, the hot air leaving the drying chamber outlet can be directly discharged into the moisture absorber 53 through the air duct 51 without passing through the wet air condenser 52. At the end of the drying process, the hot air leaving the drying chamber outlet can also be directly discharged into the atmosphere.

[0092] Step 6: After the drying of the current batch of materials is completed and until the drying of the next batch of materials, the desiccant 53 can be continuously purged with dry hot air (such as the hot air about to enter the drying chamber) to regenerate its water absorption capacity.

[0093] Example 2

[0094] A solar drying device with a water collection function, differing from the one in Example 1, further comprising a solid-liquid phase change temperature control assembly disposed near, but not directly adjacent to, the sunny sidewall 12 within the drying chamber. The solid-liquid phase change temperature control assembly comprises a housing and a solid-liquid phase change material.

[0095] Specifically, the upper and lower limits of the phase change temperature range of the solid-liquid phase change material in the solid-liquid phase change temperature control assembly are 5 to 20°C higher than the upper and lower limits of the drying temperature range suitable for the material being dried. When the temperature inside the drying chamber is high, the solid-liquid phase change material in the solid-liquid phase change temperature control module absorbs heat and melts, storing heat. When the temperature inside the drying chamber is low, the solid-liquid phase change material solidifies and releases heat. The overall effect is to suppress temperature fluctuations in the drying chamber, reduce the amplitude of temperature fluctuations, and make the drying process more stable.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] A solar drying device with a water collection function, which differs from the one in Example 1 in that, in the water collection and diversion unit 4 inside the drying chamber, the water-collecting material layer 44 arranged on the inner surface of the top component has a first quadrangular pyramid structure and a second quadrangular pyramid structure arranged in an array; the height of the first quadrangular pyramid structure is lower than the height of the second quadrangular pyramid structure, wherein the first quadrangular pyramid and the second quadrangular pyramid are arranged in an array structure at intervals in the water-collecting material layer.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar drying device with water collection function, characterized in that: It includes a drying chamber, a drying material rack, an air heating and air supply unit, a water collection and diversion unit inside the drying chamber, a water collection and diversion unit outside the drying chamber, a water collection unit, and a monitoring and control unit; wherein, The drying chamber includes a bottom foundation, side walls, a top assembly, an air supply port, an air outlet port, and a passage door; The water-collecting and diversion unit inside the drying chamber includes a water-collecting material layer, a diversion ditch, and a confluence trough, which is connected to the water collection unit via a water collection pipe; wherein the water-collecting material layer is attached to the side wall surface and / or the top component surface of the drying chamber, and has at least one structure selected from a polygonal pyramid structure, a conical structure, and a grid-like texture structure arranged in an array; the diversion ditch is provided on the surface of the water-collecting material layer, and the confluence trough is provided at the bottom of the water-collecting material layer; the diversion ditch is connected to the confluence trough; The air heating and air supply unit is connected to the air supply port of the drying chamber; The inlet of the water collecting and guiding unit outside the drying chamber is connected to the air outlet of the drying chamber, and the outlet is connected to the water collecting unit; The monitoring and control unit is used to monitor and control the drying chamber, the air heating and air supply unit, the water collection and diversion unit outside the drying chamber, and the water collection unit.

2. The solar drying device with water collection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the water-capturing material layer, in the polygonal pyramid structure, the number of edges of the polygonal pyramid is greater than or equal to 4; or There are multiple diversion grooves, each with a width of millimeters; or The confluence trough is concave, and the width dimension is centimeter level; or The water collecting pipe is arranged on the inner surface of the side wall of the drying chamber and is communicated with the confluence groove.

3. The solar drying device with water collection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the water-capturing material layer, the top tip of the polygonal pyramid or cone structure has burrs, and the middle of the side has a porous structure; or / and In the water-capturing material layer, the polygonal pyramid or cone structure includes at least one of a first polygonal pyramid or cone structure and a second polygonal pyramid or cone structure, and the height of the first polygonal pyramid or cone structure is lower than the height of the second polygonal pyramid or cone structure.

4. The solar drying device with water collection function according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the water-capturing material layer, the first polygonal pyramid or cone structure and the second polygonal pyramid or cone structure are alternately arranged to form an array structure.

5. The solar drying device with water collection function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top assembly includes a top panel and a top panel tilt adjustment mechanism; The drying material rack is placed inside the drying chamber and is fixedly connected to the drying chamber or detachably connected or has no specific connection with the drying chamber; The air heating and air supply unit includes an air blower, a solar thermal collector, a heat storage tank, and an auxiliary electric heater connected in sequence; The water collection and diversion unit outside the drying chamber includes an air guide pipe, a wet air condenser, a moisture absorber, a diversion water channel and a water collection pipe; The water collection unit includes a water collection tank, a water supply filter and a connecting pipeline.

6. The solar drying device with water collection function according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top panel is made of transparent material; the top panel tilt adjustment mechanism includes one of a linear motor and a hydraulic rod; The solar heat collector adopts an air heat collector with an adjustable heat collection surface inclination angle; In the water collecting unit outside the drying chamber, the wet air condenser is selected from one of a plate-fin heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, and a fin-tube heat exchanger.

7. The solar drying device with water collection function according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the top panel tilt adjustment mechanism of the drying chamber is installed on the upper part of the side wall opposite to the top panel; The auxiliary electric heating device is installed on the air inlet pipe of the drying chamber or inside the drying chamber; The air heating and air supply unit further includes a first valve and a second valve, wherein the first valve is arranged between the solar thermal collector and the heat storage tank; the second valve is arranged between the solar thermal collector and the auxiliary electric heater; The inlet of the wet air condenser and the air outlet of the drying chamber are connected through an air duct; the outlet of the wet air condenser is connected to the moisture absorber through the air duct, and / or the outlet of the wet air condenser is connected to the water collection unit; The exhaust port of the dehumidifier can be directly connected to the atmosphere, or connected to the inlet of the air heating and air supply unit through an air duct.

8. The solar drying device with water collection function according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The air heating and air supply unit further comprises an air filter, which is arranged at the front end of the air supply fan inlet.

9. The solar drying device with water collection function according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The solar drying device also includes a solid-liquid phase change temperature control component, which is arranged on the sunny side wall surface inside the drying chamber and has a gap between the side wall surface; the solid-liquid phase change temperature control component includes a box body and solid-liquid phase change material.

10. The solar drying device with water collection function according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the solid-liquid phase change temperature control component, the upper limit and lower limit of the phase change temperature range of the solid-liquid phase change material are respectively 5 to 20° C. higher than the upper limit and lower limit of the suitable drying temperature range of the dried material.

Images