Detection device for in-situ ice column collection and automatic layered cutting in surface water freezing period

Abstract

The invention relates to an in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection device used in a surface water freezing period, during working, a drilling cylinder rotates and descends to cut an ice body to drill icicles, a lifting mechanism lifts the icicles to a cutting station, and a cutting mechanism completes automatic layered cutting of the icicles through a cutting tool bit. The cut ice sample is conveyed to a detection position by the transfer mechanism, and the detection mechanism obtains physicochemical index data of the ice sample in real time through ice sample spraying and sensor analysis. The device integrates four functional modules of drilling, cutting, transferring and detecting, interference caused by sample transportation and laboratory treatment is avoided through a full-process in-situ operation mode, and primitiveness and accuracy of data are ensured. Mechanical disturbance and manual intervention are reduced through automatic operation, original structural characteristics of an ice layer are reserved, and working efficiency and sampling consistency are improved. The device provides reliable technical support for stratified collection of ice columns in the surface water freezing period and scientific research on physicochemical property change of pollutants in the freezing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ice layer sampling, in particular to an in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection device for surface water freezing period. Background Art

[0002] In cold regions, surface water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers experience a freezing period lasting several months each year. Collecting and stratifying ice from frozen bodies is of great scientific value to surface water research in cold regions. It not only allows for the determination of pollutant concentrations in different ice layers and the study of the migration, transformation, and accumulation of pollutants during the freezing process, but also provides critical data support for climate change research, analysis of ice physical properties, and monitoring of aquatic ecosystems. However, existing ice collection technologies face numerous technical bottlenecks, severely restricting the in-depth development of related research.

[0003] Traditional methods for collecting ice columns rely primarily on manual or mechanical drilling equipment, such as thick-walled open-face drills, cutters, and heat-melt drills. These methods have significant limitations: thick-walled open-face drills must be pressed into the ice layer by the weight of the drill rig or driven into the ice layer by hammering the drill rod with a heavy hammer. The operation requires the collaboration of multiple people and causes significant physical disturbance to the ice layer. When the ice layer contains impurities such as gravel and breccia, the ice sample is easily fractured or its structure distorted, making it impossible to maintain its original state. Although heat-melt drills can effectively penetrate the ice layer, the heat generated during the drilling process can cause partial melting of the ice layer, changing the physical and chemical properties of the ice sample. Mechanical cutters often have difficulty completing the cutting operation when dealing with thick ice sheets due to insufficient chain saw blade length. For shallow ice, researchers usually use simple tools such as ice picks and iron buckets to manually chisel. This method is not only physically demanding and limits operational flexibility in extremely cold environments, but can also easily cause the drill bit to deviate or the ice core to break. Crucially, existing sampling equipment cannot perform in-situ stratification of ice cores. Collected ice cores must be transported to a laboratory for manual cutting and testing. This process can easily cause the ice samples to be affected by ambient temperature fluctuations during transportation, resulting in surface sublimation or melting, leading to sample distortion and data bias.

[0004] In the prior art, a patent application with publication number CN113358408A discloses a multi-depth ice sampler for frozen rivers and lakes. The device uses a heating resistor to control the temperature of the outer cylinder of the sampling drum, and realizes layered sampling through an adjustable baffle and multi-window design. Although this design can theoretically obtain multi-layer ice samples, it still has obvious shortcomings: the heating element may cause partial melting of the ice layer, changing the original state of the ice sample; the entire sampling process requires manual operation of the baffle adjustment and ice sample collection, which is complicated and inefficient. This technology only solves the problem of on-site collection and fails to achieve in-situ instant detection of icicles. The ice samples still need to be brought back to the laboratory for subsequent processing and analysis.

[0005] A comprehensive analysis of existing technologies reveals the following major technical deficiencies in the current field of ice sampling during the frozen-up period of surface water bodies: First, most devices are single-function, focusing solely on mechanical ice-breaking sampling, lacking a comprehensive system solution for sampling, cutting, and testing; Second, the ice sample processing process is cumbersome, requiring on-site sampling to be transported to the laboratory for manual layering, cutting, and melting for testing, making in-situ testing impossible. This interferes with the accuracy of ice sample testing and affects the timeliness, representativeness, and reliability of the test data; Third, existing devices are insufficiently adaptable to extremely cold environments or complex ice conditions, easily damaging the original structure of the ice layer; Finally, existing technologies have a low degree of automation and are overly reliant on manual operation, resulting in low efficiency and difficulty ensuring sampling consistency and repeatability. These technical bottlenecks have severely restricted the depth and breadth of research on surface water ice bodies during the frozen-up period. There is an urgent need to develop an integrated device that can achieve complete sampling, in-situ cutting, and immediate testing to meet the needs of scientific research in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection device for surface water freezing period, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the current ice sample collection technology, such as the device has a single function, cannot be in situ layered cutting and detection, and the sample is easily disturbed and damaged.

[0007] The technical problem solved by the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following solutions: The device is used for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period, including: The icicle drilling mechanism includes a drilling barrel equipped with a cutter head. When the drilling barrel rotates and descends, it drives the cutter head to cut the ice to drill the icicle. A lifting assembly is installed in the drilling barrel. The lifting assembly includes a friction wheel telescopic rod fixed to the drilling barrel and a friction wheel rotatably mounted on the friction wheel telescopic rod and capable of contacting the icicle. When the friction wheel rotates, it can lift the icicle. The icicle cutting mechanism is used to cut the lifted icicles, including a blade holder, a blade motor slidably mounted on the blade holder, a blade drive wheel driven by the blade motor, and a cutting blade rotatably mounted on the blade drive wheel. When the blade motor moves, the cutting blade is driven to advance. When the blade motor starts, the cutting blade is driven by the blade drive wheel to perform a cutting action. An ice sample transport mechanism, used for transporting the cut ice sample, comprising a rotating frame and a clamping telescopic rod fixed on the rotating frame and used for clamping the ice sample; The ice sample detection mechanism includes a water tank and a spray head connected to the water tank. The water in the water tank is sprayed onto the transferred ice sample through the spray head, and the formed melt water flows into the container. The physical and chemical index detection sensor detects the physical and chemical indexes of the melt water.

[0008] Furthermore, the icicle drilling mechanism further comprises a hot melt assembly, which comprises a slide rail fixedly mounted on the bottom of the drilling barrel, two hot melt boxes slidably mounted on the slide rail, a driving wheel and a heating wire disc rotatably mounted in the hot melt box, and a heating wire coiled on the heating wire disc, wherein the driving wheel is driven to rotate by a driving wheel motor, and the heating wire disc is driven to rotate by a heating wire disc motor; When the driving wheel rotates, the two thermal fuse boxes are driven to move backward along the slide rail. When the thermal fuse boxes move backward, the heating wire disc rotates to release the heating wire to melt and cut the bottom of the icicle.

[0009] Furthermore: the ice sample detection mechanism also includes a liquid pump connected to the water tank, which pumps water in the water tank to the spray head, and a water outlet solenoid valve is installed on the container; The water sprayed onto the ice sample first rinses the ice sample, and the formed rinse liquid flows into the container and is discharged from the container through the opened water outlet solenoid valve. After the rinsing is completed, the water outlet solenoid valve is closed, and the water in the water tank continues to be sprayed onto the ice sample through the spray head. The formed melt water flows into the container, and the physical and chemical index detection sensor installed on the container detects the physical and chemical indicators of the melt water.

[0010] Furthermore: the icicle drilling mechanism further includes an ice chip removal assembly, the ice chip removal assembly including an ice chip suction pipe mounted on the drilling barrel and an air pump connected to the ice chip suction pipe; When the drilling barrel cuts the ice body, the air pump is started to generate negative pressure, and the ice chips generated during the cutting process are sucked through the ice chip suction pipe.

[0011] Furthermore: the drilling barrel is driven to rise and fall by the barrel lifting assembly, and the barrel lifting assembly includes a first mounting ring connected to the drilling barrel key, and a lifting gear is rotatably mounted on the first mounting ring. The lifting gear is driven to rotate by a lifting motor fixedly mounted on the first mounting ring, and the lifting gear is engaged with a lifting rack fixed on the wall of the drilling barrel. When the lifting gear rotates, it drives the lifting rack and the drilling barrel to rise and fall.

[0012] Furthermore: the drilling barrel is driven to rotate by a barrel rotating assembly, and the barrel rotating assembly includes a second mounting ring rotatably mounted on the first mounting ring, and a rotating gear is rotatably mounted on the second mounting ring. The rotating gear is driven to rotate by a rotating motor fixedly mounted on the second mounting ring, and the rotating gear is engaged with a rotating ring gear fixed on the first mounting ring. When the rotating gear rotates, it drives the rotating ring gear, the first mounting ring and the drilling barrel to rotate.

[0013] Furthermore: the icicle cutting mechanism also includes a screw rotatably mounted on the tool holder, the screw is driven to rotate by a drive motor fixedly mounted on the tool holder, the cutter head motor is threadedly connected to the screw, and when the screw rotates, it drives the cutter head motor to move along the tool holder.

[0014] Furthermore: the ice sample transport mechanism also includes a rotating shaft, which is driven to rotate by a rotary motor, and the rotating frame is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft.

[0015] Furthermore: the device also includes an ice sample storage mechanism, which includes an ice sample carrying tray for placing ice samples and a low-temperature storage bin for storing ice samples. The ice sample after the leaching and melting detection is clamped by the clamping telescopic rod and rotated by the rotating frame to be transferred to the ice sample carrying tray and can finally be stored in the low-temperature storage bin.

[0016] Furthermore: the icicle drilling mechanism, icicle cutting mechanism, ice sample transport mechanism, and ice sample detection mechanism are all installed inside the shell, and a device stabilizing mechanism is installed outside the shell; the device stabilizing mechanism includes a stabilizing mechanism shell, a lifting drive telescopic rod fixedly installed in the stabilizing mechanism shell, a mounting plate fixedly installed at the movable end of the lifting drive telescopic rod, a drilling shaft rotatably installed on the mounting plate, and the drilling shaft is driven to rotate by a drilling shaft drive motor fixedly installed on the mounting plate; When the lifting drive telescopic rod is retracted, the mounting plate and the drilling shaft are driven downwards. When the drilling shaft drive motor is started, the drilling shaft is driven to rotate. During the process of the drilling shaft descending and rotating, it drills into the ice layer to fix the device. An ultrasonic probe for detecting the density and thickness of the ice layer is fixedly installed on the bottom of the shell.

[0017] Through an integrated design, the present invention enables in-situ collection, automated layered cutting, and immediate testing of icicles during the frozen surface water period, effectively addressing numerous technical drawbacks of the prior art. During operation, the icicle drilling mechanism's drilling barrel drives the cutter head to rotate and descend, cutting the ice. After the icicle is drilled, the friction wheel's telescopic rod within the drilling barrel drives the friction wheel into contact with the icicle, and the rotation of the friction wheel lifts the icicle. The lifted, intact icicle then enters the cutting process. The icicle cutting mechanism's cutter head motor slides along the blade holder, driving the cutting head to advance. Simultaneously, the cutter head motor activates and drives the cutting head to cut, achieving automated icicle cutting. After a layer is cut, the ice sample transport mechanism transfers the icicle's flakes to the ice sample testing mechanism. The lifting assembly then continues to lift the remaining icicle, and the icicle cutting mechanism repeats the above cutting process to cut the next layer. This cycle repeats, achieving continuous layered cutting of the icicle. The cut ice sample is clamped by the ice sample transport mechanism's telescopic clamping rod and transported to the ice sample testing mechanism for testing via the rotation of the rotating frame. The ice sample detection mechanism sprays the water in the water tank onto the surface of the ice sample through a sprinkler head. The resulting meltwater is immediately analyzed by the physical and chemical index detection sensor to obtain the physical and chemical index data of the ice sample, thus realizing the in-situ completion of the entire process from icicle sampling to cutting and sample preparation and ice sample testing.

[0018] The present invention integrates four functional modules: drilling, cutting, transporting, and testing. The complete collection of icicles is achieved through the rotary cutting of the drilling barrel and the lifting of the friction wheel. The cutting head completes the automated layered cutting of the icicles through the coordinated feeding and cutting actions. The ice sample is automatically transported with the help of a rotatable transport mechanism. Finally, the physical and chemical index data of the ice sample is instantly acquired through the detection system, thus constructing a complete process of sampling, processing, and testing, and solving the technical problem of the single function of the existing device. The in-situ operation method realizes the integrated processing of the entire process from collection to testing. The entire process of ice sample drilling, layered cutting, and physical and chemical index testing is completed in situ on the ice layer. Compared with the traditional method of transporting the collected icicles to the laboratory for manual cutting and laboratory testing, the ice sample processing process is simplified, the temperature changes and human interference caused by the sample transportation link and laboratory secondary processing are avoided, and the timeliness, originality, and accuracy of the data are ensured. The automated cutting and drilling process, which rotates and descends the drill barrel, combined with the lifting of the friction wheel, minimizes mechanical disturbances. This automated operation also avoids secondary damage caused by manual intervention, preserving the original structure of the ice layer and ensuring that the ice samples obtained truly reflect the original state and characteristics of the ice. This invention automates the entire process from drilling, layered cutting, and physical and chemical testing, significantly improving work efficiency and ensuring consistency and repeatability in the sampling process.

[0019] The present invention realizes the in-situ collection, in-situ layered cutting and in-situ detection of icicles, which not only ensures the integrity of the original state of the ice sample, but also greatly improves the detection efficiency and data accuracy, providing reliable technical support for the scientific research of frozen water bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention from another angle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention, as viewed from an upward angle; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention, with the shell removed; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention, with the shell removed; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention after the shell is removed; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention, when viewed from above with the shell removed; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention, with the shell removed; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the drilling tube of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention; Figure 10 3. It is a schematic structural diagram from a top view of the drilling tube of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention; Figure 11 It is a structural diagram of the icicle drilling mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention, wherein the outer tube of the drilling tube is removed; Figure 12 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting assembly of the icicle drilling mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a structural schematic diagram from another angle of the lifting assembly of the icicle drilling mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the icicle drilling mechanism and icicle cutting mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 15 It is a structural schematic diagram from another angle of the icicle drilling mechanism and icicle cutting mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 16 It is a structural schematic diagram of the icicle cutting mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 17This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the icicle cutting mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during the surface water freezing period, as viewed from above; Figure 18 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ice sample transport mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 19 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ice sample detection mechanism of the in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection device for surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 20 It is a structural schematic diagram from another angle of the ice sample detection mechanism of the in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection device for surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 21 It is a structural diagram of the drilling barrel, barrel lifting assembly, and barrel rotating assembly of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 22 This is a structural schematic diagram from another angle of the drilling barrel, barrel lifting assembly, and barrel rotating assembly of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention, wherein the barrel lifting assembly and barrel rotating assembly are in a cutaway state; Figure 23 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cylinder lifting assembly and cylinder rotating assembly of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 24 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the cylinder lifting assembly and cylinder rotating assembly of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 25 2. It is a schematic structural diagram of the hot melt assembly of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to the present invention; Figure 26 It is a structural schematic diagram of a thermal fuse box of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 27 2. It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal fuse box of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection during the surface water freezing period according to the present invention, viewed from a top angle; Figure 28 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the thermal fuse box of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the thermal fuse box of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection during the surface water freezing period according to the present invention from another angle; Figure 30It is a structural schematic diagram of the ice sample storage mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 31 This is a structural schematic diagram from another angle of the ice sample storage mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 32 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device stabilization mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 33 This is a schematic structural diagram of the ice sample transport mechanism of the in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection device for surface water freezing period of the present invention, wherein the rotating shaft installation portion is in a cutaway state; Figure 34 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear of the ice sample transport mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention; Figure 35 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear of the ice sample transfer mechanism of the device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the surface water freezing period of the present invention at another angle; Main parts and numbers: Icicle drilling mechanism: 1; drilling tube: 11; cutter head: 111; drilling tube outer tube: 112; drilling tube inner tube: 113; Lifting assembly: 12; friction wheel telescopic rod: 121; friction wheel: 122; friction wheel drive motor: 123; slider: 124; mounting shell: 125; guide rail: 126; Cylinder lifting assembly: 13; first mounting ring: 131; lifting gear: 132; lifting motor: 133; lifting rack: 134; Cylinder rotating assembly: 14; second mounting ring: 141; rotating gear: 142; rotating motor: 143; rotating ring gear: 144; Hot melt assembly: 15; slide rail: 151; hot fuse box: 152; drive wheel: 153; heating wire coil: 154; heating wire: 155; drive wheel motor: 156; heating wire coil motor: 157; first worm: 1581; first worm wheel: 1582; ​​second worm: 1583; second worm wheel: 1584; Ice chip removal assembly: 16; ice chip suction pipe: 161; air pump: 162; Icicle cutting mechanism: 2; tool holder: 21; tool head motor: 22; tool head driving wheel: 23; cutting tool head: 24; lead screw: 25; driving motor: 26; Ice sample transport mechanism: 3; rotating frame: 31; bracket: 311; rotating drum: 312; rotating drum inner drum: 3121; rotating drum outer drum: 3122; clamping telescopic rod: 32; rotating shaft: 33; second bevel gear: 331; rotating motor: 34; first bevel gear: 341; Ice sample detection mechanism: 4; water tank: 41; sprinkler head: 42; container: 43; physical and chemical index detection sensor: 44; liquid pump: 45; water outlet solenoid valve: 46; Ice sample storage mechanism: 5; ice sample carrying tray: 51; low temperature storage bin: 52; cooling pipe: 53; compressor: 54; heat exchanger: 55; Housing: 6; Mounting frame: 61; Door: 62; Air outlet: 63; Device stabilizing mechanism: 7; stabilizing mechanism housing: 71; lifting drive telescopic rod: 72; mounting plate: 73; drilling shaft: 74; drilling shaft drive motor: 75; universal wheel: 76; Ultrasound probe: 8; Central console: 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1-3 The present embodiment is a device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection during the freezing period of surface water. Figure 1-3 As shown, the device includes a housing 6, the internal structure of which is shown in FIG. Figure 4-8 In, such as Figure 4-8 As shown, the housing 6 is internally provided with an icicle drilling mechanism 1, an icicle cutting mechanism 2, an ice sample transport mechanism 3 and an ice sample detection mechanism 4 (shown in FIG. Figure 5 、 Figure 8 In the figure, the icicle drilling mechanism 1 is used to drill icicles, such as Figure 7 、 9 -11, the icicle drilling mechanism 1 includes a drilling tube 11, a cutter head 111 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the drilling tube 11, and the drilling tube 11 is installed in the housing 6 in a lifting and rotatable manner, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, an opening is provided at the bottom of the shell 6 for the drilling tube 11 to pass through the shell 6. When the drilling tube 11 rotates and descends, it can pass through the opening so that the cutter head 111 on it contacts the ice body. The rotating and descending action of the drilling tube 11 drives the cutter head 111 to cut the ice body to drill icicles, forming columnar ice samples.

[0024] like Figure 10 、 11 As shown, a lifting assembly 12 is installed in the drilling tube 11. Figure 12 、 13As shown, the lifting assembly 12 includes a friction wheel telescopic rod 121 (shown in FIG. Figure 13 ), the telescopic end of the friction wheel telescopic rod 121 is rotatably mounted with a friction wheel 122 capable of contacting the icicle. When the friction wheel telescopic rod 121 is extended, the friction wheel 122 is driven to extend into the interior of the drilling tube 11 and contact the drilled icicle. When the friction wheel 122 rotates, it can lift the icicle in contact with it.

[0025] The icicle cutting mechanism 2 is used to cut the icicles lifted by the lifting assembly 12. Figure 14 、 15 As shown, the icicle cutting mechanism 2 is installed above the drilling tube 11, as shown in FIG. Figure 16 、 17 As shown, the icicle cutting mechanism 2 includes a blade carrier 21 fixedly mounted within the housing 6. A cutter motor 22 is slidably mounted on the blade carrier 21. A cutter drive wheel 23 is mounted on the output end of the cutter motor 22. The cutter motor 22 drives the cutter drive wheel 23 to rotate. A cutting head 24 is rotatably mounted on the wheel surface of the cutter drive wheel 23. The cutting head 24 is eccentrically mounted on the cutter drive wheel 23 (i.e., the cutting head 24 is mounted offset from the rotation center of the cutter drive wheel 23). As the cutter motor 22 moves along the blade carrier 21, it drives the cutting head 24 via the cutter drive wheel 23, thereby driving the cutting head 24 to perform a cutting action, that is, driving the cutting head 24 to cut into the icicle. When the cutter motor 22 is activated, it drives the cutter drive wheel 23 to rotate. The rotation of the cutter drive wheel 23 drives the cutting head 24 to move, thereby driving the cutting head 24 to perform a cutting action, thereby cutting the icicle into flake ice.

[0026] The ice sample transport mechanism 3 is used to transport the ice sample cut by the icicle cutting mechanism 2. Figure 18 As shown, the ice sample transport mechanism 3 includes a rotating frame 31 rotatably mounted within the housing 6, and a clamping telescopic rod 32 for clamping the ice sample is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame 31. The ice sample cut by the icicle cutting mechanism 2 is clamped by the clamping telescopic rod 32 and transported to the ice sample detection mechanism 4 through the rotation of the rotating frame 31. This embodiment uses multiple groups of clamping telescopic rods 32 to perform point-contact clamping on the ice sample, which not only ensures clamping stability but also minimizes the contact area with the ice sample, effectively avoiding the temperature interference and structural damage that may be caused by traditional clamping methods. After completing the cutting of the current layer of ice sample, the ice sample transport mechanism 3 transports the flake ice sample cut from the icicle to the ice sample detection mechanism 4, and the lifting assembly 12 continues to lift the remaining uncut icicle segments to the cutting position. The icicle cutting mechanism 2 repeats the above-mentioned cutting action to cut the next layer of ice sample, and this cycle is repeated to achieve continuous layered cutting of the icicle.

[0027] The ice sample detection mechanism 4 is used to detect the physical and chemical indicators of the ice sample, such as Figure 19 、 20As shown, the ice sample detection mechanism 4 includes a water tank 41 placed in the shell 6 and a spray head 42 connected to the water tank 41. After the ice sample is transported to the ice sample detection mechanism 4 by the ice sample transport mechanism 3, the water in the water tank 41 can be sprayed onto the transported ice sample through the spray head 42, and the formed melt water flows into the container 43. The physical and chemical index detection sensor 44 installed on the container 43 detects the physical and chemical indexes of the melt water, and obtains the physical and chemical index data of the ice sample to realize the detection of the ice sample.

[0028] During operation, the present embodiment of the in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection device for surface water freezing begins with the drilling tube 11 of the icicle drilling mechanism 1 driving the cutter head 111 to rotate and descend, cutting through the ice to drill the icicle. After the icicle is drilled, the friction wheel telescopic rod 121 within the drilling tube 11 drives the friction wheel 122 into contact with the icicle, rotating the friction wheel 122 to lift the icicle. Once the icicle is lifted to the icicle cutting mechanism 2, the cutting process begins. The cutter head motor 22 of the icicle cutting mechanism 2 slides along the blade holder 21, driving the cutting head 24 to advance. Simultaneously, the cutter head motor 22 activates and drives the cutting head 24 to cut, achieving automated layered cutting of the icicle. After a layer of ice is cut, the ice sample transport mechanism 3 transports the icicle's flakes to the ice sample detection mechanism 4. The lifting assembly 12 continues to lift the remaining icicle, and the icicle cutting mechanism 2 repeats the above cutting process to cut the next layer. This cycle repeats, achieving continuous layered cutting of the icicle. The cut ice sample is gripped by the telescopic clamping rod 32 of the ice sample transport mechanism 3 and transported to the ice sample detection mechanism 4 for testing via the rotation of the rotating frame 31. The ice sample detection mechanism 4 sprays water from the water tank 41 onto the surface of the ice sample via a spray head 42. The resulting meltwater is immediately analyzed by the physical and chemical index detection sensor 44 to obtain the physical and chemical index data of the ice sample, thus completing the entire process from icicle sampling to cutting and sample preparation and ice sample testing in situ.

[0029] Furthermore, regarding the specific structure of the lifting component 12, such as Figure 12 、 13 As shown, the telescopic end of the friction wheel telescopic rod 121 is fixedly mounted with a friction wheel drive motor 123, which drives the friction wheel 122 to rotate. When the friction wheel telescopic rod 121 is extended, the friction wheel drive motor 123 is driven to move, thereby driving the friction wheel 122 to move, so that the friction wheel 122 can extend into the interior of the drilling tube 11. Figure 13As shown, a guide rail 126 is fixedly installed on the drilling tube 11, and a slider 124 is fixedly installed on the telescopic end of the friction wheel telescopic rod 121. The slider 124 is slidably installed on the guide rail 126, and the friction wheel drive motor 123 is fixed on the slider 124. When the friction wheel telescopic rod 121 is extended, it drives the slider 124 to move along the guide rail 126 and then drives the friction wheel drive motor 123 to move. The guide rail 126 and the slider 124 cooperate to form a linear guide mechanism to ensure that the friction wheel drive motor 123 drives the friction wheel 122 to move smoothly along the guide rail 126.

[0030] Regarding the specific installation method and installation position of the lifting component 12, as shown in FIG. Figure 10 、 11 As shown, the drilling tube 11 in this embodiment is a double-layer structure, which includes a drilling tube outer tube 112 and a drilling tube inner tube 113 fixedly connected to the drilling tube outer tube 112, and the lifting assembly 12 is installed on the drilling tube inner tube 113. Figure 12 、 13 The lifting assembly 12 shown in the figure also has a mounting shell 125, which is fixedly mounted on the inner tube 113 of the drilling tube, and the friction wheel telescopic rod 121 and the guide rail 126 are fixedly mounted in the mounting shell 125 ( Figure 12 The middle friction wheel telescopic rod 121 is blocked by the friction wheel 122 and is not shown. Figure 13 Part of the mounting housing 125 is omitted). Figure 11 As shown, multiple groups of lifting components 12 are arranged on the inner tube 113 of the drilling tube along the axial and circumferential dimensions, so that each lifting component 12 applies force synchronously from different angles and heights during the icicle lifting process, forming a multi-point balanced lifting of the icicle sample. This design effectively disperses the lifting stress and avoids the local stress concentration phenomenon caused by traditional single-point lifting, thereby significantly reducing the risk of damage to the icicle sample during the lifting process.

[0031] In order to realize the lifting movement of the drilling tube 11, as Figure 21 、 22 As shown, in this embodiment, the drilling tube 11 is driven to rise and fall by the cylinder lifting assembly 13, as shown in FIG. Figure 23 、 24 As shown, the barrel lifting assembly 13 includes a first mounting ring 131, which is key-connected to the drilling barrel 11 so that the first mounting ring 131 can drive the drilling barrel 11 to rotate when it rotates, and the drilling barrel 11 can generate axial movement relative to the first mounting ring 131. The first mounting ring 131 is rotatably mounted inside the housing 6, and a lifting gear 132 is rotatably mounted on the first mounting ring 131. A lifting motor 133 is fixedly mounted on the first mounting ring 131, and the lifting gear 132 is driven to rotate by the lifting motor 133. Figure 21 、 22As shown, the outer surface of the drilling cylinder 11 is fixedly provided with a lifting rack 134, which is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the drilling cylinder outer cylinder 112 in this embodiment (as shown in Figure 6 , 7 , the lifting rack 134 is omitted on the outer surface of the drilling cylinder 11 in 14 and 15), the lifting gear 132 is engaged with the lifting rack 134, and the lifting motor 133 drives the lifting gear 132 to rotate after starting. When the lifting gear 132 rotates, it drives the lifting rack 134 to lift and in turn drives the drilling cylinder 11 to perform lifting action. Of course, the lifting action of the drilling cylinder 11 can also be realized by other conventional lifting motion driving mechanisms.

[0032] In order to realize the rotary motion of the drilling cylinder 11, as shown in Figure 21 , 22 , the cylinder body rotating assembly 14 drives the drilling cylinder 11 to rotate, as shown in Figure 23 , 24 , the cylinder body rotating assembly 14 includes a second mounting ring 141 fixedly installed in the housing 6, a first mounting ring 131 rotatably installed on the second mounting ring 141, a rotating gear 142 rotatably installed on the second mounting ring 141, and a rotating motor 143 fixedly installed on the second mounting ring 141. The rotating motor 143 drives the rotating gear 142 to rotate, and the outer surface of the first mounting ring 131 is fixedly provided with a rotating gear ring 144 (shown in Figure 24 ) coaxial with the first mounting ring 131. The rotating gear 142 is engaged with the rotating gear ring 144, and the rotating motor 143 drives the rotating gear 142 to rotate after starting. When the rotating gear 142 rotates, it drives the rotating gear ring 144 to rotate and in turn drives the first mounting ring 131 to rotate, and the first mounting ring 131 drives the drilling cylinder 11 connected thereto to rotate. Of course, the rotary motion of the drilling cylinder 11 can also be realized by other conventional rotary motion driving mechanisms. The ice column drilling mechanism 1 of this embodiment can realize synchronous rotation and descent of the drilling cylinder 11 by simultaneously starting the lifting motor 133 and the rotating motor 143 when working, so that it can drive the cutter head 111 to cut ice to drill ice columns.

[0033] In this embodiment, the cylinder body rotating assembly 14 drives the drilling cylinder 11 to perform limited-angle reciprocating rotary motion, and the cylinder body rotating assembly 14 drives the drilling cylinder 11 to alternately rotate in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions within a range of not more than 180 degrees. This limited reciprocating rotary design not only ensures that the drilling cylinder 11 has sufficient rotary angle to complete the ice column drilling operation, but also effectively prevents the connection pipelines such as power supply lines connected to the drilling cylinder 11 from being damaged due to excessive twisting, ensuring the reliability of the equipment working.

[0034] When the ice layer is thin, the drilling tube 11 drives the cutter head 111 to rotate and descend to completely drill through the ice layer and obtain an independent icicle; when the ice layer is thick, it is difficult to completely separate the bottom of the icicle by mechanical drilling alone, resulting in the icicle still remaining connected to the ice body below it. In order to ensure that a complete icicle sample can still be obtained under thick ice conditions, such as Figure 9 、 25 As shown in FIG. 26 , the icicle drilling mechanism 1 further includes a hot melt assembly 15 disposed at the bottom of the drilling tube 11. The hot melt assembly 15 includes a slide rail 151 fixedly mounted at the bottom of the drilling tube 11. Two hot fuse boxes 152 are slidably mounted on the slide rail 151. Figures 27-29 As shown, a driving wheel 153 and a heating wire disc 154 (shown in FIG. Figure 28 、 29 ), a heating wire 155 is wound around the heating wire coil 154, and a driving wheel motor 156 and a heating wire coil motor 157 are fixedly installed in the thermal fuse box 152. The driving wheel motor 156 drives the driving wheel 153 to rotate, and the heating wire coil motor 157 drives the heating wire coil 154 to rotate. When the driving wheels 153 in the two thermal fuse boxes 152 rotate, the two thermal fuse boxes 152 are driven to move in opposite directions along the slide rail 151. When the thermal fuse boxes 152 move in opposite directions, the heating wire coils 154 in the two thermal fuse boxes 152 rotate at the same time to release the heating wire 155 to melt the bottom of the icicle. In this embodiment, the heating wire 155 is connected to the power supply system (not shown in the drawing) in the shell 6 through the built-in power supply circuit (not marked in the drawing) of the thermal fuse box 152 to ensure that the heating wire 155 is energized and heated during the release process. As shown Figure 25 As shown, in this embodiment, the slide rail 151 is semicircular.

[0035] In this embodiment, the heating wire 155 preferably uses an existing enameled wire with an insulating coating. Enameled wire is a wire with a uniform and dense insulating paint film formed on the surface of a metal conductor through a coating process. The insulating coating can effectively prevent current leakage and achieve electrical isolation between the heating wire and the external environment. The use of enameled wire as the material of the heating wire 155 not only ensures the heating function after power is turned on, but also ensures that no conductive path is formed even when the heating wire 155 comes into contact with molten ice water. It should be noted that the selection of enameled wire is a conventional technical means in this field, and its specific model and specifications can be selected according to the actual heating power requirements.

[0036] In this embodiment, the driving wheel motor 156 drives the driving wheel 153 to rotate through the transmission wheel group. Figure 28 、 29As shown, the transmission wheel assembly includes a first worm 1581 installed at the output end of the drive wheel motor 156. The first worm 1581 is meshed with a first worm wheel 1582 rotatably installed in the thermal fuse box 152. The first worm wheel 1582 is coaxially fixed with a second worm 1583. The second worm 1583 is meshed with a second worm wheel 1584 rotatably installed in the thermal fuse box 152. The second worm wheel 1584 is coaxially fixed with the drive wheel 153. When the drive wheel motor 156 is started, it drives the first worm 1581 to rotate, thereby driving the first worm wheel 1582 and the second worm 1583 to rotate. When the second worm 1583 rotates, it drives the drive wheel 153 to rotate via the second worm wheel 1584. Of course, the drive wheel 153 can also be driven by other existing transmission wheel assemblies.

[0037] After the drilling tube 11 completes the column cutting, the two thermal fuse boxes 152 are initially located in the middle of the slide rail 151 (i.e. Figure 9 The heating wire 155 is in the reeled state, and then the driving wheel motor 156 drives the driving wheels 153 in the two thermal fuse boxes 152 to rotate, driving the thermal fuse boxes 152 to slide back along the slide rail 151, and the heating wire disc motor 157 drives the two heating wire discs 154 to rotate synchronously to release the heating wire 155 ( Figure 25 The two thermal fuse boxes 152 are composed of Figure 9 The heating wire 155 is released from its initial position and moves back to the end near the slide rail 151. The heated heating wire 155 then melts the base of the icicle. When the two thermal fuse boxes 152 reach the ends of the slide rail 151, the heating wire 155 can melt approximately half the circumference of the icicle's base. The barrel rotating assembly 14 then drives the drilling barrel 11 to rotate back and forth, further facilitating the separation of the icicle's base from the ice layer. Alternatively, two semicircular slide rails 151 can be provided, each equipped with two thermal fuse boxes 152, thereby achieving melting of approximately the entire circumference of the icicle's base. After the fusing is completed, the driving wheels 153 in the two thermal fuse boxes 152 rotate in the opposite direction to make the two thermal fuse boxes 152 move toward each other. When the thermal fuse boxes 152 move toward each other, the heating wire coils 154 in the two thermal fuse boxes 152 rotate in the opposite direction at the same time, and the released heating wire 155 is rewound on the heating wire coils 154 to recover the heating wire 155.

[0038] like Figure 11 、 14 As shown in FIG. 15 , the icicle drilling mechanism 1 further includes an ice chip removal assembly 16, which includes an ice chip suction pipe 161 mounted on the drilling barrel 11 and an air pump 162 connected to the ice chip suction pipe 161. In this embodiment, the ice chip suction pipe 161 is arranged between the outer barrel 112 and the inner barrel 113 of the drilling barrel. Figure 9The suction port of the ice chip suction pipe 161 is arranged near the cutter head 111 of the drilling tube 11. When the drilling tube 11 cuts the ice, the air pump 162 starts to generate negative pressure, and sucks the ice chips generated during the cutting process through the ice chip suction pipe 161 to prevent ice chips from accumulating and affecting the cutting efficiency.

[0039] Regarding the specific structure of the icicle cutting mechanism 2, as shown in FIG. Figure 16 、 17 As shown, the icicle cutting mechanism 2 further includes a leadscrew 25 rotatably mounted on the tool holder 21. The leadscrew 25 is driven by a drive motor 26 fixedly mounted on the tool holder 21. The cutter head motor 22 is threadedly connected to the leadscrew 25. When the drive motor 26 is activated, it drives the leadscrew 25 to rotate. The rotation of the leadscrew 25 drives the cutter head motor 22 to move along the tool holder 21. This embodiment comprises two completely symmetrical drive units, each comprising an independent tool holder 21, a cutter head motor 22, a cutter head drive wheel 23, a leadscrew 25, and a drive motor 26. The two tool holders 21 are arranged in parallel, and each end of a cutting head 24 is eccentrically connected to a cutter head drive wheel 23. The two cutter head drive wheels 23 maintain consistent rotational speed and phase.

[0040] In this embodiment, the two drive wheels 23 and the cutting head 24 together form a double-crank connecting rod mechanism. The two drive wheels 23 act as two synchronously rotating cranks, and the cutting head 24 acts as a connecting rod connected between the two cranks. This connection allows the two drive wheels 23 to rotate synchronously in the same direction, driving the cutting head 24 to produce periodic motion, thereby generating a cutting force on the icicle and thereby slicing it. The synchronous rotation of the two drive wheels 23 creates a closed loop-like motion trajectory for the cutting head 24. Each motion cycle of the cutting head 24 consists of a forward cutting stroke and a reverse return stroke. During the forward cutting stroke, the cutting head 24 penetrates the ice to cut the icicle, and during the reverse return stroke, the cutting head 24 returns to its starting position. The drive motor 26 maintains the feed of the cutting head 24, allowing it to continue cutting the icicle during the next cycle.

[0041] During the cutting process, the icicle cutting mechanism 2 of this embodiment drives the feed motor 26 to rotate the lead screw 25, driving the cutter head motor 22 along the cutter holder 21, causing the cutting head 24 to contact the surface of the icicle and complete the cutting process. Simultaneously, the cutter head motor 22 activates, driving the two cutter head drive wheels 23 to rotate synchronously in the same direction. The cutting head 24 converts the rotational motion of the drive wheels 23 into a periodic cutting motion, thereby cutting the icicle. Due to the symmetrical design of the dual drive wheels, the cutting head 24 maintains a stable motion trajectory throughout the entire operation, ensuring the smoothness of the cut surface and the stability of the cutting accuracy.

[0042] Regarding the specific structure of the ice sample transport mechanism 3, as shown in FIG. Figure 18 、 33 As shown, the ice sample transport mechanism 3 further includes a rotating shaft 33 rotatably mounted in the housing 6 (shown in FIG. Figure 33 In the embodiment, the rotating shaft 33 is driven by a rotating motor 34 fixedly mounted in the housing 6. The rotating frame 31 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 33. When the rotating shaft 33 rotates, the rotating frame 31 and the clamping telescopic rod 32 thereon are driven to rotate. To achieve the driving of the rotating shaft 33 by the rotating motor 34, this embodiment uses a bevel gear transmission assembly for power transmission and direction conversion. Figures 33-35 As shown, the specific components and connection relationship of the bevel gear transmission assembly are as follows: a first bevel gear 341 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the rotary motor 34, and a second bevel gear 331 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 33. The first bevel gear 341 and the second bevel gear 331 mesh with each other. When the rotary motor 34 is started, its output shaft drives the first bevel gear 341 to rotate, and the power is transmitted to the second bevel gear 331 through gear meshing, thereby driving the rotating shaft 33 to rotate accordingly.

[0043] In this embodiment, the rotating frame 31 includes a bracket 311 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 33 and a rotating drum 312 fixedly mounted below the bracket 311. The rotating drum 312 includes an inner drum 3121 fixedly connected to the bracket 311 and an outer drum 3122 fixedly connected to the inner drum 3121. The clamping telescopic rod 32 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the outer drum 3122, and its movable end can extend into the interior of the inner drum 3121. After the icicle is lifted by the lifting assembly 12 into the inner drum 3121 of the ice sample transfer mechanism 3, the clamping telescopic rod 32 extends and extends into the inner drum 3121 to clamp the icicle. This embodiment provides three transfer units, each of which includes a bracket 311, a rotating drum 312, and a clamping telescopic rod 32.

[0044] In this embodiment, the icicle cutting mechanism 2 can complete the cutting operation by simply clamping the icicle with the lifting assembly 12. To enhance cutting stability, the lifting assembly 12 and the clamping telescopic rod 32 can also form a coordinated clamping mechanism for the icicle. Specifically, the lifting assembly 12 first lifts the drilled, intact icicle into the rotating drum inner barrel 3121 of one of the transfer units of the ice sample transfer mechanism 3. The clamping telescopic rod 32 then extends into the rotating drum inner barrel 3121, forming a double clamping mechanism with the lifting assembly 12, thereby effectively suppressing vibration and displacement during the cutting process. In this stable clamping state, the icicle cutting mechanism 2 performs precise layered cutting operations, ensuring the flatness and dimensional accuracy of the cut surface.

[0045] After completing the cutting of the current layer of ice sample, the clamping telescopic rod 32 maintains a firm grip on the flake ice sample that has been cut from the icicle, while the rotating frame 31 rotates to transport the ice sample to the detection position of the ice sample detection mechanism 4. At the same time, the other transfer unit of the ice sample transfer mechanism 3 is synchronously rotated and positioned directly above the icicle cutting mechanism 2. Subsequently, the lifting assembly 12 is started to continue to lift the remaining uncut icicle segments into the inner cylinder 3121 of the rotating drum of the transfer unit, and the clamping telescopic rod 32 of the unit is used to reliably clamp and fix them. After being clamped in place, the icicle cutting mechanism 2 is immediately started to cut the next layer of ice sample on the positioned icicle segment. This alternating transfer and continuous cutting working mode realizes the connection between the ice sample cutting, transfer and detection processes through the coordinated operation of multiple transfer units, ensuring the continuity of operations between each process.

[0046] Regarding the specific structure of the ice sample detection mechanism 4, in order to transport the water in the water tank 41 to the sprinkler head 42, as shown in FIG. Figure 19 、 20 As shown, the ice sample detection mechanism 4 also includes a liquid pump 45 connected to the water tank 41. Liquid pump 45 pumps water from the water tank 41 to the spray head 42. To clean impurities and ice chips from the surface of the ice sample before testing and improve sampling quality, a water outlet solenoid valve 46 is installed on the container 43. Initially, the water outlet solenoid valve 46 is open. Water sprayed onto the ice sample first rinses the ice sample and the physical and chemical indicator detection sensor 44. The resulting eluent flows into the container 43 and is then discharged from the container 43 through the open water outlet solenoid valve 46. After the rinsing is completed, the water outlet solenoid valve 46 closes, and the water from the water tank 41 continues to be sprayed onto the ice sample through the spray head 42. The resulting eluent flows into the container 43. In this embodiment, the water stored in the water tank 41 is distilled water.

[0047] As the ice sample melts, various substances contained within it are released into the meltwater as it melts. Therefore, the physical and chemical properties of the meltwater accurately reflect the actual composition of the ice sample. In this embodiment, the physical and chemical property detection sensor 44 installed in the container 43 monitors the meltwater's pH, DO (dissolved oxygen), TDS (total dissolved solids), NH₃-N (ammonia nitrogen), NO₃-N (nitrate nitrogen), SAL (salinity), ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), and conductivity in real time. This allows for indirect but accurate acquisition of key information such as the occurrence state, ion composition, and concentration distribution of pollutants in the ice sample. This data provides an immediate and reliable reference for on-site ice sample assessment. It should be noted that the physical and chemical property detection sensor 44 can utilize existing multi-parameter integrated water quality monitoring probe modules or a combination of existing separate, independent sensor modules (for separately detecting the aforementioned physical and chemical property parameters).

[0048] like Figure 5-7As shown, the device further includes an ice sample storage mechanism 5 for storing ice samples. The specific structure of the ice sample storage mechanism 5 is shown in FIG. Figure 30 、 31 In, such as Figure 30 、 31 As shown, the ice sample storage mechanism 5 includes an ice sample carrier tray 51 for placing ice samples and a low-temperature storage bin 52 for storing ice samples. After the ice sample has been melted, it is clamped by the clamping telescopic rod 32 and rotated by the rotating frame 31 to be transferred to the ice sample carrier tray 51 and finally stored in the low-temperature storage bin 52. In this embodiment, the ice sample placed on the ice sample carrier tray 51 is manually packaged and then placed in the low-temperature storage bin 52.

[0049] In order to realize the low-temperature storage function of the low-temperature storage bin 52, the ice sample storage mechanism 5 adopts a refrigeration system of the prior art, including a cooling pipe 53, a compressor 54 and a heat exchanger 55. The outlet of the compressor 54 is connected to the hot end inlet of the heat exchanger 55 through a pipeline, and the hot end outlet of the heat exchanger 55 is connected to the inlet of the cooling pipe 53 through a pipeline. The cooling pipe 53 is arranged on the outer wall of the low-temperature storage bin 52, and its outlet returns to the inlet of the compressor 54 through a pipeline, forming a closed circulation system. The refrigeration system works based on the existing vapor compression refrigeration principle: the compressor 54 compresses the refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which dissipates heat and condenses into a high-pressure liquid through the heat exchanger 55; when the liquid refrigerant flows through the cooling pipe 53, it absorbs heat through phase change to cool the inside of the low-temperature storage bin 52; the refrigerant that has absorbed heat and vaporized returns to the compressor 54 again, completing the refrigeration cycle.

[0050] like Figure 1-3 As shown, in order to achieve the whole device fixed on the ice surface, the shell 6 is externally installed with a device stabilizing mechanism 7; Figure 32 As shown, the device's stabilization mechanism 7 includes a stabilization mechanism housing 71, within which is fixedly mounted a telescopic lifting rod 72. A mounting plate 73 is fixedly mounted at the movable end of the telescopic lifting rod 72. A drilling shaft 74 is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 73. The drilling shaft 74 is driven to rotate by a drilling shaft drive motor 75 fixed to the mounting plate 73. When the telescopic lifting rod 72 retracts, it lowers the mounting plate 73 and the drilling shaft 74. When the drilling shaft drive motor 75 is activated, it rotates the drilling shaft 74. During its descent and rotation, the drilling shaft 74 penetrates the ice, securing the device on the ice surface. To facilitate movement of the device on the ice, universal wheels 76 are mounted below the stabilization mechanism housing 71.

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, an ultrasonic probe 8 is mounted on the bottom of the housing 6 to detect ice density and thickness. It should be noted that this ultrasonic detection of ice parameters is a conventional technique in the art. By detecting the density distribution and thickness of the ice, the ultrasonic probe 8 assesses the structural stability and load-bearing capacity of the ice layer, providing an important safety reference for on-site operations.

[0052] In order to realize the installation of various components in the housing 6, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, a mounting frame 61 is fixedly mounted inside the housing 6, and the second mounting ring 141 of the cylinder rotating assembly 14 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 61; the blade holder 21 of the icicle cutting mechanism 2 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 61, the rotating shaft 33 of the ice sample transport mechanism 3 is rotatably mounted on the mounting frame 61, and the rotating motor 34 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 61. The ice sample carrying tray 51 of the ice sample storage mechanism 5 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 61. Figure 2 As shown, a door 62 is installed on the housing 6 to facilitate the inspection and maintenance of the internal mechanism of the housing 6. Figure 3 As shown, an air outlet 63 is provided at the bottom of the shell 6 for discharging the cold air flow generated by the refrigeration system.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, a central control console 9 is mounted on the housing 6. This central control console 9 is electrically connected to the drive motors and sensors of the icicle drilling mechanism 1, icicle cutting mechanism 2, ice sample transport mechanism 3, ice sample detection mechanism 4, ice sample storage mechanism 5, and device stabilization mechanism 7 via a controller (not shown in the drawings). The central control console 9 features a human-machine interface that displays in real time ice layer parameters detected by the ultrasonic probe 8, ice sample data acquired by the physical and chemical index detection sensor 44, and the operating status of each mechanism. It also supports the setting of key operating parameters such as drilling speed, cutting thickness, transport position, detection parameters, and storage temperature. The central control console 9 enables centralized control and coordination of the workflows of each mechanism, ensuring automated operation and synchronized data collection throughout the entire sampling, cutting, transport, and detection process.

[0054] The working process of the in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting detection device during the surface water freezing period of this embodiment is as follows: First, the device drills into the ice layer through the drilling shaft 74 of the stabilizing mechanism 7 to secure the entire device. At the same time, the ultrasonic probe 8 detects and evaluates the density and thickness of the ice layer in the operating area. After confirming safety, the icicle drilling mechanism 1 starts working: the lifting motor 133 and the rotating motor 143 are started synchronously, driving the drilling barrel 11 to rotate and descend, driving the cutter head 111 to cut the ice body and drill icicles. During the drilling process, the air pump 162 removes the generated ice chips in real time through the ice chip suction pipe 161. When encountering a thick ice layer, the hot melt assembly 15 is activated, and the two hot fuse boxes 152 move in reverse along the slide rail 151 to release the heating wire 155, melting and cutting the bottom of the icicle, and coordinating with the reciprocating rotation of the drilling barrel 11 to achieve complete separation of the icicle.

[0055] After drilling is complete, lifting assembly 12 begins operation: friction wheel telescopic rod 121 extends, driving friction wheel 122 into contact with the icicle. Friction wheel drive motor 123 then rotates friction wheel 122, lifting the icicle to the cutting position. Once the icicle reaches the cutting position, icicle cutting mechanism 2 activates: drive motor 26 rotates lead screw 25, driving cutter motor 22 to advance the cutter. Simultaneously, cutter motor 22 drives two cutter drive wheels 23 to rotate synchronously, driving cutting head 24 to cut the icicle, completing the first layer of ice.

[0056] After cutting is complete, the ice sample transfer mechanism 3 begins operation: the telescopic clamping rod 32 grips the cut ice sample, and the rotary motor 34 drives the rotating frame 31 to rotate and transfer the ice sample to the testing position. Simultaneously, another set of transfer units rotates to the cutting position, ready to receive the next layer of ice sample. The lifting assembly 12 continues to lift the remaining ice column, and the ice column cutting mechanism 2 repeats the cutting action to cut the next layer, achieving continuous layered sampling.

[0057] Once the ice sample arrives at the testing location, the ice sample testing mechanism 4 begins operation: a liquid pump 45 pumps distilled water from the water tank 41 to the shower head 42. The water outlet solenoid valve 46 is first opened for rinsing and cleaning, and then closed for the actual melt test. The physical and chemical index detection sensor 44 analyzes the various parameters of the melt water in real time to obtain the ice sample's physical and chemical index data. After testing is complete, the ice sample is transferred to the ice sample carrier 51 of the ice sample storage mechanism 5, where it is manually packaged and stored in the low-temperature storage bin 52.

[0058] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for collecting icicles in situ and automatically cutting and detecting icicles during the freezing period of surface water, characterized in that: include: An icicle drilling mechanism (1) comprises a drilling tube (11) provided with a cutter head (111). When the drilling tube (11) rotates and descends, the cutter head (111) is driven to cut the ice body to drill the icicle. A lifting assembly (12) is installed in the drilling tube (11). The lifting assembly (12) comprises a friction wheel telescopic rod (121) fixed to the drilling tube (11), and a friction wheel (122) rotatably mounted on the friction wheel telescopic rod (121) and capable of contacting the icicle. When the friction wheel (122) rotates, the icicle can be lifted. An icicle cutting mechanism (2) is used for cutting the lifted icicles, comprising a cutter frame (21), a cutter head motor (22) slidably mounted on the cutter frame (21), a cutter head driving wheel (23) driven by the cutter head motor (22), and a cutting cutter head (24) rotatably mounted on the cutter head driving wheel (23); when the cutter head motor (22) moves, the cutter head (24) is driven to advance; when the cutter head motor (22) is started, the cutter head (24) is driven by the cutter head driving wheel (23) to perform a cutting action; An ice sample transport mechanism (3) is used to transport the cut ice sample, comprising a rotating frame (31) and a clamping telescopic rod (32) fixed to the rotating frame (31) and used to clamp the ice sample; The ice sample detection mechanism (4) includes a water tank (41) and a spray head (42) connected to the water tank (41). Water in the water tank (41) is sprayed onto the transferred ice sample through the spray head (42), and the resulting melt water flows into the container (43). The physical and chemical index detection sensor (44) detects the physical and chemical indexes of the melt water.

2. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during the freezing period of surface water according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The icicle drilling mechanism (1) further includes a hot melt assembly (15), the hot melt assembly (15) including a slide rail (151) fixedly mounted on the bottom of the drilling tube (11), two hot fuse boxes (152) slidably mounted on the slide rail (151), a driving wheel (153) and a heating wire disc (154) rotatably mounted in the hot fuse box (152), and a heating wire (155) wound on the heating wire disc (154), wherein the driving wheel motor (156) drives the driving wheel (153) to rotate, and the heating wire disc motor (157) drives the heating wire disc (154) to rotate; When the driving wheel (153) rotates, the two thermal fuse boxes (152) are driven to move backward along the slide rail (151). When the thermal fuse boxes (152) move backward, the heating wire disc (154) rotates to release the heating wire (155) to melt the bottom of the icicle.

3. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during surface water freezing period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ice sample detection mechanism (4) further includes a liquid pump (45) in communication with the water tank (41), and the liquid pump (45) pumps water in the water tank (41) to the spray head (42). A water outlet solenoid valve (46) is installed on the container (43); The water sprayed onto the ice sample first rinses the ice sample, and the resulting rinse liquid flows into the container (43) and is discharged from the container (43) through the opened water outlet solenoid valve (46). After the rinsing is completed, the water outlet solenoid valve (46) is closed, and the water in the water tank (41) continues to be sprayed onto the ice sample through the spray head (42). The resulting leaching water flows into the container (43), and the physicochemical index detection sensor (44) installed on the container (43) detects the physicochemical index of the leaching water.

4. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during surface water freezing period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The icicle drilling mechanism (1) further comprises an ice chip removal assembly (16), wherein the ice chip removal assembly (16) comprises an ice chip suction pipe (161) mounted on the drilling barrel (11) and an air pump (162) in communication with the ice chip suction pipe (161); When the drilling tube (11) cuts the ice body, the air pump (162) is started to generate negative pressure, and ice chips generated during the cutting process are sucked through the ice chip suction pipe (161).

5. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during surface water freezing period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drilling barrel (11) is driven to rise and fall by a barrel lifting assembly (13). The barrel lifting assembly (13) includes a first mounting ring (131) connected to the drilling barrel (11) by a key. A lifting gear (132) is rotatably mounted on the first mounting ring (131). The lifting gear (132) is driven to rotate by a lifting motor (133) fixedly mounted on the first mounting ring (131). The lifting gear (132) is engaged with a lifting rack (134) fixed on the wall of the drilling barrel (11). When the lifting gear (132) rotates, the lifting rack (134) and the drilling barrel (11) are driven to rise and fall.

6. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during surface water freezing period according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The drilling barrel (11) is driven to rotate by a barrel rotating assembly (14). The barrel rotating assembly (14) includes a second mounting ring (141) rotatably mounted on the first mounting ring (131). A rotating gear (142) is rotatably mounted on the second mounting ring (141). The rotating gear (142) is driven to rotate by a rotating motor (143) fixedly mounted on the second mounting ring (141). The rotating gear (142) is meshed with a rotating ring gear (144) fixed on the first mounting ring (131). When the rotating gear (142) rotates, it drives the rotating ring gear (144), the first mounting ring (131) and the drilling barrel (11) to rotate.

7. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during surface water freezing period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The icicle cutting mechanism (2) further comprises a lead screw (25) rotatably mounted on the tool holder (21), the lead screw (25) being driven to rotate by a driving motor (26) fixedly mounted on the tool holder (21), the cutter head motor (22) being threadedly connected to the lead screw (25), and the lead screw (25) driving the cutter head motor (22) to move along the tool holder (21) when rotating.

8. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during surface water freezing period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ice sample transport mechanism (3) further comprises a rotating shaft (33), which is driven to rotate by a rotary motor (34), and the rotating frame (31) is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft (33).

9. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting during surface water freezing period according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The device further comprises an ice sample storage mechanism (5), wherein the ice sample storage mechanism (5) comprises an ice sample carrying plate (51) for placing ice samples and a low-temperature storage bin (52) for storing ice samples. The ice sample after the leaching and melting test is clamped by the clamping telescopic rod (32) and rotated by the rotating frame (31) to be transferred to the ice sample carrying plate (51), and can finally be stored in the low-temperature storage bin (52).

10. The device for in-situ icicle collection and automatic layered cutting and detection during the freezing period of surface water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The icicle drilling mechanism (1), the icicle cutting mechanism (2), the ice sample transport mechanism (3), and the ice sample detection mechanism (4) are all installed inside the housing (6), and a device stabilizing mechanism (7) is installed outside the housing (6); the device stabilizing mechanism (7) comprises a stabilizing mechanism housing (71), a lifting drive telescopic rod (72) fixedly installed in the stabilizing mechanism housing (71), a mounting plate (73) fixedly installed at the movable end of the lifting drive telescopic rod (72), a drilling shaft (74) rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (73), and the drilling shaft (74) is driven to rotate by a drilling shaft driving motor (75) fixedly installed on the mounting plate (73); When the lifting drive telescopic rod (72) is retracted, the mounting plate (73) and the drilling shaft (74) are driven to descend, and when the drilling shaft drive motor (75) is started, the drilling shaft (74) is driven to rotate. During the process of descending and rotating, the drilling shaft (74) drills into the ice layer, thereby achieving device fixation; An ultrasonic probe (8) for detecting the density and thickness of the ice layer is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the shell (6).

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