A fuel cell system and control method

Abstract

The present application relates to hydrogen fuel cell system design technology, specifically relates to a kind of fuel cell system and control method;The system includes hydrogen anode module, air cathode module, air-cooled fuel cell stack and liquid-cooled fuel cell stack;Hydrogen bottle is connected with hydrogen gas shunt regulating device in hydrogen anode module;Hydrogen gas shunt regulating device is connected with air-cooled fuel cell stack and liquid-cooled fuel cell stack;Liquid-cooled fuel cell stack is connected with hydrogen gas shunt regulating device and liquid-cooled fuel cell stack;Air-cooled fuel cell stack is connected with hydrogen gas shunt regulating device and liquid-cooled fuel cell stack;Air-cooled fuel cell stack and liquid-cooled fuel cell stack are connected with exhaust and drainage structure;Air supply device in air cathode module is connected with air regulating device;Air regulating device is connected with the cathode of liquid-cooled fuel cell stack and the cathode of air-cooled fuel cell stack respectively;Liquid-cooled fuel cell stack is connected with the cathode of throttle valve;The present application improves the hydrogen utilization rate of overall fuel cell.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to hydrogen fuel cell system design technology, in particular to a fuel cell system and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand for clean energy around the world, hydrogen fuel cells, as a kind of efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion device, have shown great application potential in the fields of transportation and distributed power generation; at present, the traditional hydrogen fuel cell system is mainly divided into air-cooled fuel cell system and liquid-cooled fuel cell system, these two kinds of systems have their own characteristics in practical application, but also have certain limitations.

[0003] The air-cooled fuel cell system has the advantages of relatively simple structure and low cost, and has the characteristics of fast start, which can reach the working state in a short time and meet the use scene with high requirement on start speed; however, due to the lack of hydrogen circulation device in the system, the hydrogen not participating in the electrochemical reaction cannot be effectively recycled and reused, resulting in low hydrogen utilization rate, increasing the use cost, and also causing waste of resources.

[0004] The liquid-cooled fuel cell system can effectively control the working temperature of the battery stack through the cooling liquid, so as to have good performance and high stability, and performs well in the working condition of long time and high power output; but the liquid-cooled fuel cell system needs to preheat the cooling liquid in the cold state, so that the starting process of the whole system is more complex, the starting speed is slow, and it is difficult to quickly respond to the sudden energy demand, so it is limited in some scenes that require fast start.

[0005] In summary, the existing air-cooled and liquid-cooled fuel cell systems have deficiencies in performance and use, and there is an urgent need for a technology that can solve the problems of low hydrogen utilization rate of air-cooled fuel cell system and slow start speed of liquid-cooled fuel cell system.

[0006] For example, a Chinese patent with the publication number CN103887544A, published on June 25, 2014, and the patent name is "Fuel cell vehicle heat dissipation device", the technical solution of which is as follows: the present application provides a kind of fuel cell vehicle heat dissipation device, including hydrogen cylinder, hydrogen cylinder is communicated with electric pile by hydrogen supply pipeline, hydrogen supply pipeline is equipped with pressure reducer, hydrogen supply pipeline, pressure reducer and cooling circulation system heat exchange, cooling circulation system and the heat exchange of component needing cooling;The fuel cell vehicle heat dissipation device not only solves the cooling problem of the component needing cooling, but also circulates heat to the hydrogen supply pipeline, warms up the hydrogen supply pipeline, and avoids related problems caused by low temperature of the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0007] The patent achieves the heat dissipation effect of the fuel cell vehicle, but the patent couples the liquid cooling circulation system and the air cooling circulation system, so only the heat dissipation problem can be solved, and the technical problems of low hydrogen utilization rate of the fuel cell system and slow start speed of the liquid cooling fuel cell system in the prior art cannot be solved. SUMMARY

[0008] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack are coupled in the present application, so as to solve the problems of low hydrogen utilization rate of the air-cooled fuel cell system and slow start speed of the liquid-cooled fuel cell system.

[0009] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0010] In a first aspect, a fuel cell system includes a hydrogen anode module, an air cathode module, an air-cooled fuel cell stack, and a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack. The air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack are connected to the hydrogen anode module through pipelines, and the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack are connected to the air cathode module through pipelines. The hydrogen anode module includes a hydrogen bottle and a hydrogen shunt adjusting device. The hydrogen bottle is connected to the hydrogen shunt adjusting device. The hydrogen shunt adjusting device is connected to the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, respectively. The anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack. The anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack. The anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack are both connected to an exhaust and drainage structure. The air cathode module includes an air supply device, an air adjusting device, and a throttle valve. The air supply device is connected to the air adjusting device. The air adjusting device is connected to the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack and the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack, respectively. The throttle valve is connected to the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack.

[0011] Further, the hydrogen shunt adjusting device includes a shunt valve, a first proportional valve, and a second proportional valve. The hydrogen bottle is connected to the shunt valve. The shunt valve is connected to the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve, respectively. The anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the first proportional valve for adjusting the hydrogen pressure entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack. The anode of the air-cooled fuel cell is connected to the second proportional valve for adjusting the hydrogen pressure entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack.

[0012] Further, the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the gas-liquid separator through the gas-liquid separator and the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjustment device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack; the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the gas-liquid separator; the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the gas-liquid separator through the gas-liquid separator and the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjustment device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack; the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the gas-liquid separator; the gas-liquid separator is connected to the exhaust and drainage structure, and the gas-liquid separator is also connected to the pipeline between the first proportional valve and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack through the hydrogen circulation pipeline; the gas-liquid separator separates the hydrogen and the liquid after the reaction.

[0013] Further, a pressure reducing valve is connected between the hydrogen bottle and the shunt valve for reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen gas at the outlet of the hydrogen bottle.

[0014] Further, the exhaust and drainage structure is an exhaust and drainage valve for discharging liquid water and exhaust gas in the gas-liquid separator.

[0015] Further, a second one-way valve is connected between the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the gas-liquid separator for unidirectional conduction of gas from the air-cooled fuel cell stack to the gas-liquid separator; a first one-way valve is connected between the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack and the gas-liquid separator for unidirectional conduction of gas from the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack to the gas-liquid separator.

[0016] Further, the air conditioning device includes a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve; the first three-way valve is connected to the air supply device, and the first three-way valve is connected to the second three-way valve; the second three-way valve is connected to the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, respectively.

[0017] Further, a intercooler is connected between the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve for adjusting the temperature of the air entering the air-cooled fuel cell stack or the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack.

[0018] Further, the first three-way valve, the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack, and the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack are connected to the exhaust pipeline of the exhaust and drainage valve; the exhaust pipeline is connected to the exhaust and drainage valve.

[0019] Further, the air supply device is an air compressor for supplying air; the air compressor is connected to an air filter for filtering impurities in the air.

[0020] Secondly, a control method of a fuel cell is realized based on the fuel cell system of the first aspect, and specifically includes the following method steps:

[0021] Step s1: the hydrogen bottle in the hydrogen anode module starts to supply hydrogen from the pipeline, then the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve supply hydrogen to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack and the air-cooled fuel cell stack respectively according to the set pressure;

[0022] Step s2: when the pressure detection of the hydrogen anode module is normal, the air compressor in the air cathode module starts to operate, at this time the opening degree of the first three-way valve is zero, the air is discharged through the first three-way valve and mixed with the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen anode module;

[0023] Step s3: increase the opening degree of the first three-way valve, and the opening degree of the second three-way valve is zero at this time, the air enters the air-cooled fuel cell stack;

[0024] Step s4: if the air-cooled fuel cell stack operates normally, increase the opening degree of the second three-way valve, and open the throttle valve at this time, the air enters the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack;

[0025] Step s5: hydrogen and air supply is completed, the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack and the air-cooled fuel cell stack output power externally; wherein, in the working process of the air-cooled fuel cell stack, the reacted hydrogen is input to the pipeline between the first proportional valve and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, and then the hydrogen is input to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack through the pipeline for recycling.

[0026] Further, in step s1, after the hydrogen bottle in the hydrogen anode module starts to supply hydrogen from the pipeline, the pressure of the hydrogen is reduced through the pressure reducing valve.

[0027] Further, the outlet pressure range of the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve is 150kp to 200kp.

[0028] Further, the exhaust and drain valve in the hydrogen anode module intermittently discharges the liquid water and exhaust gas in the hydrogen anode module by setting a time period.

[0029] Further, in step s3, the air flow and pressure entering the air-cooled fuel cell stack are controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the air compressor and the opening degree of the first three-way valve.

[0030] Further, the rotating speed of the air compressor is 2000rpm / min to 50000rpm / min.

[0031] Further, in step s4, the air flow and pressure entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack are controlled by controlling the opening degree of the throttle valve and the second three-way valve.

[0032] Further, when stopping the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack and the air-cooled fuel cell stack to output power, first, the air compressor in the air cathode module is closed, after confirming that there is no air flow, the opening degree of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve is set to zero, the air throttle is closed, then the pressure reducing valve in the hydrogen anode module is closed, and the exhaust and drainage valve, the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve are closed.

[0033] According to the above technical solution, the present application has the following advantages:

[0034] 1. The system of the present application couples the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, and can output small power for a short time through the air-cooled fuel cell stack, and then start the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack to output large power, thereby realizing the technical effect that the overall fuel cell system can be quickly started.

[0035] 2. The method of the present application solves the problem of low hydrogen utilization rate of the air-cooled fuel cell by recycling the reacted hydrogen in the air-cooled fuel cell stack into the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, thereby improving the overall hydrogen utilization rate of the fuel cell.

[0036] 3. The present application realizes dual-redundancy output by coupling the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, and the stability of the overall fuel cell system of the present application is higher than that of a single air-cooled fuel cell stack or a single liquid-cooled fuel cell stack in the prior art.

[0037] 4. In the system of the present application, the gas-liquid separator is used to make the concentration of the reacted hydrogen from the air-cooled fuel cell stack higher, thereby improving the hydrogen utilization rate of the hydrogen recycled into the liquid-cooled fuel cell, and avoiding the problem that the reacted hydrogen from the air-cooled fuel cell stack has a high water content, which can cause damage to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack if directly input into the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack for long-term operation.

[0038] 5. The present application periodically opens the exhaust and drainage valve by setting a time period, thereby discharging the exhaust gas and liquid in the fuel cell system, improving the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen anode module, and ensuring the stable output power of the fuel cell system.

[0039] 6. In the air cathode module of the present application, the air compressor, the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve and the air throttle are used to realize stable air supply to the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, thereby enabling the air-cooled fuel cell and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack to stably react during operation.

[0040] 7. In the hydrogen anode module of the present application, the hydrogen shunt adjusting device and the hydrogen bottle are used to realize stable hydrogen supply to the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, thereby enabling the air-cooled fuel cell and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack to stably react during operation.

[0041] 8. The air cathode module of the present application uses a second three-way valve and a throttle valve to regulate the air flow and pressure through the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, ensuring the stability of the reaction of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the hydrogen anode module with the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack.

[0043] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the air cathode module with the air-cooled fuel cell stack and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack.

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the method flow when the present application is not shut down.

[0045] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the method flow after the present application is shut down.

[0046] In the drawings: 1 - hydrogen cylinder; 2 - pressure reducing valve; 3 - flow dividing valve; 4 - first proportional valve; 5 - second proportional valve; 6 - liquid-cooled fuel cell stack; 7 - first one-way valve; 8 - gas-liquid separator; 9 - second one-way valve; 10 - air-cooled fuel cell stack; 11 - hydrogen circulation pipeline; 12 - exhaust and drain valve; 13 - air filter; 14 - air compressor; 15 - first three-way valve; 16 - intercooler; 17 - second three-way valve; 18 - throttle valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen anode module, an air cathode module, an air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6; the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 are connected with the hydrogen anode module through pipelines, and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 are connected with the air cathode module through pipelines; in the fuel cell system, all are connected with each other through pipelines; the hydrogen anode module comprises a hydrogen bottle 1 and a hydrogen shunt adjusting device; the hydrogen bottle 1 is connected with the hydrogen shunt adjusting device; the hydrogen shunt adjusting device is connected with the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 respectively; the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 is connected with the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6; the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 is connected with the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6; the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 are both connected with an exhaust and drainage structure; the air cathode module comprises an air supply device, an air adjusting device and a throttle valve 18; the air supply device is connected with the air adjusting device; the air adjusting device is connected with the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 and the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 respectively; the throttle valve 18 is connected with the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6;

[0050] The hydrogen shunt adjusting device can include two proportional valves and two pipelines; one hydrogen cylinder 1 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of each of the two pipelines; the two proportional valves are connected to the two pipelines respectively, and the pressure and flow of the hydrogen are adjusted by the two proportional valves; the two proportional valves are connected to the liquid fuel cell stack and the wind fuel cell stack respectively through the pipelines; the hydrogen shunt adjusting device can also include a shunt valve 3 and two proportional valves; one pipeline is connected to one end of the shunt valve 3, a hydrogen cylinder 1 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the pipeline, and two pipelines are connected to the other end of the shunt valve 3 as two branches of the hydrogen shunt, and the two pipelines are connected to the two proportional valves respectively; the two proportional valves are connected to the liquid fuel cell stack 6 and the wind fuel cell stack 10 respectively through the two pipelines; the air supply device is an air compressor, which is a conventional existing device in the field; the air adjusting device can include four exhaust valves, four air throttles 18 or two three-way valves; when the air adjusting device includes four exhaust valves, a first exhaust valve is connected to the air compressor 14 through a pipeline, and a first branch pipeline is arranged to communicate with the pipeline between the first exhaust valve and the air compressor 14; the first branch pipeline is connected to a second exhaust valve; the first exhaust valve is connected to a third exhaust valve and a fourth exhaust valve through a three-way pipe; the third exhaust valve is connected to the liquid fuel cell stack 6 through a pipeline, and the fourth exhaust valve is connected to the wind fuel cell stack 10 through a pipeline; when the air adjusting device includes four air throttles 18, a first air throttle 18 is connected to the air compressor 14 through a pipeline, and a first branch pipeline is arranged to communicate with the pipeline between the first air throttle 18 and the air compressor 14; the first branch pipeline is connected to a second air throttle 18; the first air throttle 18 is connected to a third air throttle 18 and a fourth air throttle 18 through a three-way pipe; the third air throttle 18 is connected to the liquid fuel cell stack 6 through a pipeline, and the fourth air throttle 18 is connected to the wind fuel cell stack 10 through a pipeline; when the air adjusting device includes two three-way valves, a first three-way valve 15 is connected to the air supply device, and the first three-way valve 15 is connected to a second three-way valve 17; the second three-way valve 17 is connected to the cathode of the wind fuel cell stack 10 and the cathode of the liquid fuel cell stack 6 respectively.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a fuel cell system includes a hydrogen anode module, an air cathode module, an air-cooled fuel cell stack 10, and a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6. The air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 are connected to the hydrogen anode module via pipelines, and are also connected to the air cathode module via pipelines. All components in the fuel cell system are interconnected via pipelines. The hydrogen anode module includes a hydrogen cylinder 1 and a hydrogen flow regulation device. The hydrogen cylinder 1 is connected to the hydrogen flow regulation device. The hydrogen flow regulation device is connected to the anode of both the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6. The anode of fuel cell stack 6 is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen flow regulation device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6; the anode of air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 is connected to the pipeline between the hydrogen flow regulation device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6; both the anodes of air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 are connected to the exhaust and drainage structure; the air cathode module includes an air supply device, an air conditioning device, and a throttle valve 18; the air supply device is connected to the air conditioning device; the air conditioning device is connected to the cathodes of both the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10; the throttle valve 18 is connected to the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen diversion and regulation device includes a diversion valve 3, a first proportional valve 4, and a second proportional valve 5; the hydrogen cylinder 1 is connected to the diversion valve 3; the diversion valve 3 is connected to the first proportional valve 4 and the second proportional valve 5 respectively; the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 is connected to the first proportional valve 4 for regulating the hydrogen pressure entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6; the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell is connected to the second proportional valve 5 for regulating the hydrogen pressure entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6.

[0054] like Figure 1As shown, the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 is connected with the exhaust and drainage structure through the gas-liquid separator 8, and connected with the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 through the gas-liquid separator 8. The gas-liquid separator 8 separates the reacted hydrogen and liquid; the gas-liquid separator 8 is a conventional existing device in the art, and its use method and technology are known in the art; the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 8; the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 is connected with the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 through the gas-liquid separator 8; the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 8; the gas-liquid separator 8 is connected with the exhaust and drainage structure, and the gas-liquid separator 8 is also connected with the pipeline between the first proportional valve 4 and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 through the hydrogen circulation pipeline 11; the hydrogen circulation pipeline 11 of the gas-liquid separator 8 is also connected with a hydrogen circulation pump, which is used to input gas into the pipeline between the hydrogen shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6; the hydrogen bottle 1 is connected with the shunt valve 3 through a pressure reducing valve 2 for reducing the high-pressure hydrogen gas at the outlet of the hydrogen bottle 1; the pressure reducing valve 2 reduces the high-pressure hydrogen gas to protect the first proportional valve 4 and the second proportional valve 5 from being damaged by excessive hydrogen pressure; the exhaust and drainage structure is an exhaust and drainage valve 12 for removing liquid water and exhaust gas in the gas-liquid separator 8; the exhaust and drainage valve 12 removes the exhaust gas and liquid in the fuel cell system, replaces the high-concentration hydrogen gas input from the hydrogen bottle with the exhaust gas, thereby increasing the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen anode module and ensuring the stable external output power of the fuel cell system; the exhaust gas removed by the exhaust and drainage valve 12 in the application refers to low-concentration hydrogen gas.

[0055] As shown in Figure 1 The air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 8 through a second one-way valve 9 for unidirectional conduction of gas from the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 to the gas-liquid separator 8; the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 8 through a first one-way valve 7 for unidirectional conduction of gas from the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 to the gas-liquid separator 8.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] Based on the basis of Example 2, as shown in Figure 2As shown, the air conditioning device comprises a first three-way valve 15 and a second three-way valve 17; the first three-way valve 15 is connected with the air supply device, and the first three-way valve 15 is connected with the second three-way valve 17; the second three-way valve 17 is connected with the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 and the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 respectively; a intercooler 16 for adjusting the air temperature entering the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 or the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 is connected between the first three-way valve 15 and the second three-way valve 17; the air entering the intercooler 16 is cooled by using one end of the cooling liquid to enter and the other end of the cooling liquid to exit; the first three-way valve 15, the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10, and the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 are connected with the exhaust pipeline of the exhaust valve 12, and the purpose of the connection is to mix the exhaust gas and the air to further reduce the concentration of the exhaust hydrogen and improve the safety; the exhaust gas here is low-concentration hydrogen; the exhaust pipeline is connected with the exhaust valve 12; the exhaust pipeline is connected at the rear end of the exhaust valve 12; the air supply device is an air compressor 14 for supplying air; the air compressor 14 is connected with an air filter 13 for filtering impurities in the air.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] A control method of a fuel cell, specifically comprising the following method steps:

[0060] Step s1: the hydrogen bottle 1 in the hydrogen anode module starts to pass hydrogen from the pipeline, and then the first proportional valve 4 and the second proportional valve 5 pass hydrogen to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 respectively according to the set pressure; the outlet pressure range of the first proportional valve 4 and the second proportional valve 5 is 150kp to 200kp, the second proportional valve 5 is connected with the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10, and the outlet pressure value of the second proportional valve 5 is generally a fixed value of 170kp;

[0061] Step s2: when the hydrogen anode module pressure detection is normal, the air compressor 14 in the air cathode module starts to operate, at this time the opening degree of the first three-way valve 15 is zero, and the air is discharged through the first three-way valve 15 and mixed with the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen anode module; the exhaust gas here is low-concentration hydrogen; the rotating speed of the air compressor 14 is 2000rpm / min to 50000rpm / min; wherein the hydrogen anode module pressure detection is detected by the hydrogen pressure sensor on the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6, and the device structure of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 itself belongs to the prior art known in the art, and the innovation part of the present application is not on the device structure of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 itself, which will not be described here.

[0062] Step s3: increase the opening of the first three-way valve 15, while the opening of the second three-way valve 17 is zero, at this time the air enters the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10;

[0063] Step s4: if the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 is running normally, increase the opening of the second three-way valve 17, and open the throttle valve 18, at this time the air enters the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6;

[0064] Step s5: hydrogen and air supply is completed, the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 output power to the outside; wherein, in the working of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10, the reacted hydrogen is input to the pipeline between the first proportional valve 4 and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6, and then the hydrogen is input to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 through the pipeline for recycling; this way makes the hydrogen discharged from the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 be utilized again.

[0065] As shown in Figure 4 , the three-way valve A in Figure 4 is the first three-way valve 15, and the three-way valve B is the second three-way valve 17; when stopping the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 from outputting power to the outside, first, the air compressor 14 in the air cathode module is closed, so that the air compressor 14 stops rotating, after confirming that there is no air flow, the opening of the first three-way valve 15 and the second three-way valve 17 is adjusted to 0%, the tail exhaust throttle valve 18 is closed, then the pressure reducing valve 2 in the hydrogen anode module is closed, and the exhaust and drain valve 12, the first proportional valve 4 and the second proportional valve 5 are closed, finally the system is stopped; after the system is stopped, the opening of the second three-way valve 17 is 0%, so that the throttle valve 18 is closed, the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack is isolated from the outside environment, thereby protecting the liquid-cooled fuel cell.

[0066] In step s1, after the hydrogen bottle 1 in the hydrogen anode module starts to input hydrogen from the pipeline, the pressure of the hydrogen is reduced by the pressure reducing valve 2; the exhaust and drain valve 12 in the hydrogen anode module intermittently discharges liquid water and exhaust gas in the hydrogen anode module by setting a time period; the exhaust gas here refers to low-concentration hydrogen; in step s3, the air flow and pressure entering the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 are controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the air compressor 14 and the opening of the first three-way valve 15; according to the needs of the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 under different working conditions, the opening of the throttle valve 18 and the first three-way valve 15 is controlled to meet the needs of the air pressure and flow of the air-cooled fuel cell.

[0067] In step s4, the air flow and pressure entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 are controlled by controlling the opening of the throttle valve 18 and the second three-way valve 17; when the throttle valve 18 is fully open, the flow resistance is minimum and the flow is maximum; according to the needs of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 under different working conditions, the opening of the throttle valve 18 and the second three-way valve 17 is controlled to meet the needs of the air pressure and flow of the liquid-cooled fuel cell.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown in the diagram, three-way valve A is the first three-way valve 15, and three-way valve B is the second three-way valve 17. When the fuel cell system starts operating, pressure reducing valve 2 remains open to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen. The proportional valves control the infeed pressures, namely the hydrogen infeed pressure p1 for liquid-cooled fuel cells and p2 for air-cooled fuel cells. p1 and p2 depend on the outlet pressures of the first proportional valve 4 and the second proportional valve 5, respectively. Therefore, the outlet pressure range of p1 is 150 kPa to 200 kPa, and p2 is 170 kPa. Before the air compressor 14 starts operating, the opening of the first three-way valve 15 and the second three-way valve 17 is kept at 0%, and the tailpipe... The throttle valve 18 has an opening of a%, with the value of a% ranging from 0% to 100%. When the air compressor 14 starts running, the first three-way valve 15 has an opening of b%, with the value of b% ranging from 0% to 100%. During the operation of the air compressor 14, the opening of the first valve gradually increases to 100%, and the second three-way valve 17 has an opening of c%, with the value of c% ranging from 0% to 100%. The opening of the exhaust throttle valve 18 and the opening of the second three-way valve 17 work together to control the infeed pressure, and control the airflow of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 6 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 10 through the opening of the first three-way valve 15 and the second three-way valve 17.

[0070] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of this application. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of this application. All equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of this application should fall within the patent scope covered by this application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system characterized by comprising: The application relates to a hydrogen gas anode module, an air cathode module, an air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) and a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6); the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) are connected with the hydrogen gas anode module through pipelines, and the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) are connected with the air cathode module through pipelines; the hydrogen gas anode module comprises a hydrogen bottle (1) and a hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device; the hydrogen bottle (1) is connected with the hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device; the hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device is connected with the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) and the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) respectively; the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) is connected with the pipeline between the hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6); the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) is connected with the pipeline between the hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6); the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) and the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) are connected with an exhaust and drainage structure; the air cathode module comprises an air supply device, an air adjusting device and a throttle valve (18); the air supply device is connected with the air adjusting device; the air adjusting device is connected with the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) and the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) respectively; the throttle valve (18) is connected with the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6); the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) is connected with the exhaust and drainage structure through a gas-liquid separator (8), and is connected with the pipeline between the hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) through the gas-liquid separator (8); the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) is connected with the gas-liquid separator (8); the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) is connected with the pipeline between the hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) through the gas-liquid separator (8); the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) is connected with the gas-liquid separator (8); the gas-liquid separator (8) is connected with the exhaust and drainage structure, and the gas-liquid separator (8) is also connected on the pipeline between a first proportional valve (4) of the hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) through a hydrogen gas circulating pipeline (11); the gas-liquid separator (8) separates hydrogen gas and liquid after reaction.

2. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterised in that: The hydrogen gas shunt adjusting device comprises a shunt valve (3) and a second proportional valve (5); the hydrogen bottle (1) is connected with the shunt valve (3); the shunt valve (3) is connected with the first proportional valve (4) and the second proportional valve (5) respectively; the anode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) is connected with the first proportional valve (4) for adjusting hydrogen gas pressure entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6); the anode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) is connected with the second proportional valve (5) for adjusting hydrogen gas pressure entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6).

3. A fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein: A pressure reducing valve (2) is connected between the hydrogen bottle (1) and the shunt valve (3) for reducing the high-pressure hydrogen gas at the outlet of the hydrogen bottle (1).

4. A fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein: The exhaust drainage structure is an exhaust drainage valve (12) for draining liquid water and exhaust gas in the gas-liquid separator (8).

5. A fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein: The air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) and the gas-liquid separator (8) are connected with a second one-way valve (9) for unidirectional conduction of gas from the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) to the gas-liquid separator (8); the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) and the gas-liquid separator (8) are connected with a first one-way valve (7) for unidirectional conduction of gas from the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) to the gas-liquid separator (8).

6. A fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein: The air conditioning device comprises a first three-way valve (15) and a second three-way valve (17); the first three-way valve (15) is connected with the air supply device, and the first three-way valve (15) is connected with the second three-way valve (17); the second three-way valve (17) is connected with the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) and the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) respectively.

7. A fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterised in that: The first three-way valve (15) and the second three-way valve (17) are connected with an intercooler (16) for adjusting the temperature of air entering the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) or the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6).

8. A fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterised in that: The first three-way valve (15), the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10), and the cathode of the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) are connected with an exhaust pipe of the exhaust drainage valve (12); the exhaust pipe is connected with the exhaust drainage valve (12).

9. A fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein: The air supply device is an air compressor (14) for supplying air; the air compressor (14) is connected with an air filter (13) for filtering impurities in the air.

10. A control method of a fuel cell, characterized by, The fuel cell system of any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented, and specifically comprises the following method steps: Step s1: the hydrogen bottle (1) in the hydrogen anode module starts to pass hydrogen into the pipeline, and then the first proportional valve (4) and the second proportional valve (5) pass hydrogen into the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) and the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) respectively according to the set pressure; Step s2: when the hydrogen anode module pressure detection is normal, the air compressor (14) in the air cathode module starts to operate, at this time the opening degree of the first three-way valve (15) is zero, air is discharged through the first three-way valve (15) and mixed with the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen anode module; Step s3: increase the opening degree of the first three-way valve (15), and the opening degree of the second three-way valve (17) is zero at this time, air enters the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10); Step s4: if the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) operates normally, increase the opening degree of the second three-way valve (17) and open the air throttle (18), at this time air enters the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6); Step s5: hydrogen and air supply is completed, the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) and the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) output power externally; wherein in the working process of the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10), the reacted hydrogen is input into the pipeline between the first proportional valve (4) and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6), and then the hydrogen is input into the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) through the pipeline for recycling.

11. A method of controlling a fuel cell according to claim 10, characterized by: The hydrogen bottle (1) in the hydrogen anode module in step s1 starts to supply hydrogen from the pipeline, and the pressure of the hydrogen is reduced by the pressure reducing valve (2).

12. The control method of a fuel cell according to claim 10, characterized by: The outlet pressure range of the first proportional valve (4) and the second proportional valve (5) is 150-200kp.

13. The method of controlling a fuel cell according to claim 10, wherein: The exhaust and drainage valve (12) in the hydrogen anode module intermittently discharges the liquid water and waste gas in the hydrogen anode module by setting a time period.

14. The method of controlling a fuel cell according to claim 10, wherein: In step s3, the air flow and pressure into the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) are controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the air compressor (14) and the opening of the first three-way valve (15).

15. A method of controlling a fuel cell according to claim 14, characterized by: The rotating speed of the air compressor (14) is 2000-50000rpm / min.

16. The method of controlling a fuel cell according to claim 10, wherein: In step s4, the air flow and pressure into the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) are controlled by controlling the throttle valve (18) and the opening of the second three-way valve (17).

17. The method of controlling a fuel cell according to claim 10, wherein: When the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (6) and the air-cooled fuel cell stack (10) stop outputting power, the air compressor (14) in the air cathode module is first turned off, the opening of the first three-way valve (15) and the second three-way valve (17) is set to zero, the throttle valve (18) is closed, then the pressure reducing valve (2) in the hydrogen anode module is turned off, and the exhaust and drainage valve (12), the first proportional valve (4) and the second proportional valve (5) are turned off.

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