High-yield planting method suitable for greenhouse morchella in northern area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of greenhouse morchella planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield planting method suitable for greenhouse morchella in northern areas. The planting method comprises the following steps: selecting or building a sunlight greenhouse, closing the greenhouse before planting, rotating the land, calibrating a planting bed by adopting a pay-off frame, sowing, covering soil and pressing a roller, watering, covering a moisturizing black mulching film for moisturizing and cultivating bacteria, uncovering the moisturizing black mulching film and placing a nutrition bag, and covering a perforated moisturizing breathable black mulching film. And culturing in a mushroom culturing period, an original base period, a young mushroom period and a mushroom forming period to obtain the morchella esculenta. The morchella esculenta is planted in the sunlight greenhouse, large-scale scientific planting of the morchella esculenta in northern areas can be achieved by accurately controlling the temperature, humidity, illumination, ventilation and other condition parameters of the morchella esculenta in all growth periods, the planting method can greatly improve the yield and quality of the morchella esculenta, and the planting method is high in practicability and popularization value and suitable for popularization and application. And a promotion effect is achieved for village revitalization.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of greenhouse Morchella cultivation, and particularly relates to a method suitable for high-yield greenhouse Morchella cultivation in northern regions. BACKGROUND

[0002] Morchella (scientific name: Morchella esculenta), also known as Morchella esculenta and Morchella esculenta, belongs to the order of Morchella, the family of Morchella, and is a kind of excellent edible fungus, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and other regions of China.

[0003] The fruiting body of Morchella is small, the cap is irregularly round or long round, the surface forms many pits, looks like a sheep's stomach, is light yellow brown, the stem is white, has shallow longitudinal grooves, and the base is slightly enlarged.

[0004] Morchella is the most famous delicious fungus in Ascomycetes, and the cap part contains 7 kinds of essential amino acids for human body, such as isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine, which has the effects of cold and sweet without toxicity, benefiting the stomach and intestines, resolving phlegm and regulating qi. Morchella is quite rich in nutrients. According to the measurement, Morchella contains 20% of crude protein, 26% of crude fat and 38.1% of carbohydrates, and also contains various amino acids, especially glutamic acid, which accounts for 1.76%. Therefore, some people think it is a "very good source of protein", and it is also known as "the meat of vegetables". The protein in the human body is composed of 20 kinds of amino acids, and Morchella contains 18 kinds of amino acids, 8 of which cannot be synthesized by the human body but are very important for human nutrition, so they are called "essential amino acids".

[0005] However, Morchella has high requirements for soil when planting, and unsuitable growth conditions will seriously restrict the yield of Morchella. For example, the patent application with the application number 202210513041.5 discloses a planting method for increasing the yield of Morchella, which comprises: improving the soil, sowing the seeds, and growing the fungus. The application improves the soil for the growth of Morchella to provide suitable growth conditions for Morchella, and carries out sterilization and insecticidal treatment by sowing sterilization agents, insecticidal agents and airing. The soil is improved by adding mixed crushed materials of fresh and dry corn stalks and fresh and dry grasses, and fish meal is provided for Morchella to provide a suitable growth environment. The yield of Morchella can be effectively improved, the cultivation time of Morchella can be reduced, continuous production can be carried out, and the method is suitable for field flat shed, warm shed, cold shed, factory, indoor cultivation, high altitude and other counter-season cultivation. However, the yield is still low.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a practical method that can significantly improve the yield of Morchella. SUMMARY

[0007] Based on the above technical background, the main purpose of the present application is to provide a method suitable for high-yield planting of Morel in a greenhouse in northern areas to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes of the application, the technical solutions adopted by the present application include: The present application provides a method suitable for high-yield planting of Morel in a greenhouse in northern areas, which comprises the following steps: Step 1, selecting or constructing a sunlight greenhouse; Step 2, covering the greenhouse, rotating the ground, using a wire frame to mark the planting bed, and sowing seeds before planting; Step 3, digging a ditch and covering the soil with a roller; Step 4, watering, covering with a moisture-retaining black mulch, maintaining moisture and bacteria, entering the bacteria maintenance period, placing the nutrient bag after removing the moisture-retaining black mulch; Step 5, after placing the nutrient bag, covering with a perforated moisture-retaining and air-permeable black mulch, entering the primordium period, removing the perforated moisture-retaining and air-permeable black mulch after the primordium is formed, watering the mushroom, and after the management of the young mushroom period and the mature mushroom period, obtaining the Morel mushroom.

[0009] The above steps are described in detail as follows.

[0010] In step 1, the Morel is planted in a sunlight greenhouse.

[0011] The sunlight greenhouse comprises a greenhouse steel frame, a heat preservation back wall, a gable, a greenhouse film, a heat preservation quilt, a roller shutter machine, a lower air vent, an upper air vent, a top ventilation window, a sunshade net, a film roller and a spraying device, the sunshade net is preferably a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of more than 85%, the sunshade net is arranged on the outermost layer of the sunlight greenhouse, and the front end of the sunshade net falls to the ground to ensure that sunlight cannot directly shine on the planting bed surface.

[0012] The spraying device comprises a water source, a water pump, a spraying pipeline and a spray head. The selection of the water pump is proportional to the area of the greenhouse and the power of the water pump, 1 mu of land area corresponds to a water pump with a power of more than 2.0 kw, and the atomization effect will be better when spraying, a drip-proof spray head is preferably selected to prevent water from dripping from the spray head after water stop to form water pits on the bed surface and affect the growth of Morel.

[0013] During the cultivation of Morel, all light needs to pass through the sunshade net for illumination, and the requirements for light are different at different periods. In the nutrient growth period, the shed is closed in the dark to develop mycelium, that is, in the bacteria maintenance period, no light is needed, and in the period of fruiting body formation, that is, in the primordium period, young mushroom period and mature mushroom period, appropriate scattered light is needed to avoid strong light direct radiation to prevent the occurrence of high temperature and white mold of the mushroom and improve the yield of Morel.

[0014] The greenhouse steel frame is a single-layer steel frame or a double-layer steel frame, and is preferably a double-layer steel frame.

[0015] The greenhouse steel frame is used to build the frame of the sunlight greenhouse, the shed film is laid on the sunlight steel frame, the top ventilation window or vent is opened at the top of the sunlight greenhouse, and the lower vent is arranged at the landing place of the front end of the sunlight greenhouse arch, the shed film is connected with the film roller for controlling the lifting of the shed film.

[0016] The top ventilation window or vent and the lower vent are used for ventilation during the cultivation of the morel, so that the morel is kept ventilated during planting and suitable oxygen content is provided.

[0017] More preferably, the inner layer shed film is laid on the inner layer steel frame, and the outer layer shed film is laid on the outer layer steel frame, as shown in Figure 1

[0018] Preferably, the inner layer shed film is a light scattering drop film, and the outer layer shed film is a po drop film.

[0019] The length of the sunlight greenhouse is 50-120m, and the width is 8-16m. The heat preservation effect of the sunlight greenhouse should be able to resist the cold climate of the region at night, so that the ground temperature in the shed is greater than 6℃ at night in winter, and the temperature in the shed is controlled below 16℃ during the day.

[0020] Preferably, the length of the sunlight greenhouse is 60-80m, and the width is 10-12m.

[0021] The pH value of the soil is preferably 7-8, and experiments have found that neutral and slightly alkaline conditions are conducive to mycelium growth, and the pH value of the soil in the range of 7.0-8.0 is most suitable for planting morels.

[0022] The pH value of the water source is neutral, and the pH value is in the range of 7.0-8.0. The water source cannot contain salt and silt, and silt will block the spray head of the spraying equipment. The water quality with silt can be removed by water tank sedimentation or filter filtration.

[0023] The best planting period of morels is from the middle of September to the end of May of the next year, and the suitable growth temperature of morel planting period is 6-16℃. The whole process from sowing to harvesting of morel growth cycle needs 4-6 months.

[0024] Enter September, start pre-sowing management, overhaul the greenhouse, focus on checking whether the curtain machine lifting is normal, whether the shed film and thermal insulation quilt are damaged and need to be replaced, whether the vent is used normally, whether the shading rate of the shading net is about 85%, whether the spraying facility is normal, whether the sealing effect of the greenhouse reaches the normal use standard, etc.

[0025] After planting morels, put lime at the door of the sunlight greenhouse, and disinfect the bottom of the feet before entering the sunlight greenhouse.

[0026] ​In step 2, before planting Morchella, a shed is set up. The shed includes: closing all air vents, raising the temperature during the day, and keeping warm at night, the purpose is to improve the ground temperature, prevent disease and insect pests, the shed operation lasts for 1-2 weeks, when the shed is opened, the temperature in the shed rises to 60-70℃.

[0027] The soil turning includes: turning the soil with a rotary cultivator, the soil turning depth is preferably 30cm, and the soil is broken into a fine surface during the soil turning. The soil turning standard is: no soil clumps, the finer the better.

[0028] The frame is set up along the length direction of the sunlight greenhouse or the width direction of the sunlight greenhouse, the width of the planting bed is preferably about 0.6-1.5m, and the ditch width on both sides of the planting bed is preferably 0.3-0.4m. The frame is set up according to the width of the planting bed.

[0029] Preferably, the width of the planting bed is 1.2m, and the ditch width on both sides of the planting bed is 0.35m.

[0030] Before sowing Morchella, the strain needs to be strictly selected, and the high-yield strain of a reliable manufacturer is selected. The strain is transported by a refrigerated vehicle, the temperature in the refrigerated box is preferably 1-4℃, and the maximum temperature is not more than 10℃. When loading, the gap between each bag of the strain should be left for stacking to prevent overcompaction, which causes the strain to heat up. After unloading, each bag of the strain should be spread on the ground, and a gap should be left between each bag of the strain for heat dissipation. The strain with green enzyme is removed. The strain must be quickly sowed after being transported to the site to ensure that it is sowed within one night.

[0031] The sowing includes: uniformly sowing the strain in the frame according to the requirements of the manufacturer, and the sowing amount is 500-800kg / mu. The mushroom yield increases with the increase of the sowing amount. Preferably, the sowing amount is 700kg / mu.

[0032] In step 3, the ditch covering and roller pressing include: covering the ditch soil obtained by digging the ditch between the planting beds to the surface of the planting bed after sowing, the ditch depth is 20-40cm, the soil thickness on the surface of the planting bed is 5-10cm, and the soil on the surface of the planting bed is pressed 1-2 times by a roller to play a role of leveling and moisture retention.

[0033] The soil covering and roller pressing should not leak seeds, and the leaked seeds should be picked out or covered with soil directly. The leaked seeds will cause mold.

[0034] Preferably, the ditch depth is 25cm, and the soil thickness on the surface of the planting bed is 7cm.

[0035] The number of times of covering soil and rolling is preferably 1-2 times. The covering soil and rolling has the following effects: 1. keeping the soil of the planting bed surface moist, which is beneficial to the growth of the fungus; 2. facilitating the picking of the fungus in the later stage with less soil, and meanwhile, the covering soil and rolling can make the humidity of the growth environment of the fungus reach 50%-60%, and the appropriate humidity can keep the mycelium better developed.

[0036] In step 4, the number of times of watering during the whole planting period is 2, and each time the water is poured thoroughly. The watering mode is spray watering, and the watering is performed by using a spray device until the planting layer is poured thoroughly. In the first watering, there is usually half-gully deep accumulated water in the ditch, which can be directly sprayed by using underground water.

[0037] The standard of pouring water thoroughly is that a stick is inserted into the soil and easily enters, which indicates that the water has been poured thoroughly.

[0038] The spray watering should be completed within 1-2 days, and the watering should be performed by using a non-dripping spray device.

[0039] The time of the second spray watering is preferably in the morning and evening, and the watering should be performed in a staggered manner during the high-temperature period of the noon, and the accumulated water in the ditch should be avoided. When spraying, the ventilation opening is appropriately opened, which not only can increase the oxygen and keep the soil breathable, but also can stimulate the rapid mushrooming by using the temperature difference.

[0040] The fungus is cultivated by covering the moisture-retaining black mulch, which includes the following steps: when the water can be completely infiltrated and the person cannot step on the water, the fungus seedlings are covered with the moisture-retaining black mulch for moisture retention. The width of the moisture-retaining black mulch is preferably the width of the planting bed body plus the width of the ditch. The width of the moisture-retaining black mulch is 1.2-2 m, and preferably, the width of the moisture-retaining black mulch is the width of the planting bed surface and the ditch side.

[0041] The covering of the moisture-retaining black mulch has the effect of keeping the temperature and humidity, and can reduce the photosynthesis. After the covering of the moisture-retaining black mulch, the fungus enters the cultivation period, and sufficient mycelium and sclerotium cells are the key to high yield. The preferred planting scheme is to ensure that the sclerotium and sclerotium cells form in the soil, rather than on the ground surface. The low temperature is beneficial to the formation of the sclerotium.

[0042] After the moisture-retaining black mulch is removed, the nutrient bag is placed, which includes the following steps: the fungus snow is formed about 5-20 days after sowing and watering, and when the white mycelium is full of the planting bed surface, the covered moisture-retaining black mulch is removed, and the nutrient bag is placed. When the nutrient bag is placed, the surface of the side of each nutrient bag on the ground, the knife, and the gloves are sprayed and disinfected with 75% alcohol, and then three long openings are drawn on the disinfected surface of the nutrient bag with the knife. The length of the opening is appropriate so that the opening does not leak air when placed on the ground. The nutrient bag is placed in 2-4 rows along the length direction of the planting bed surface, and preferably, the nutrient bag is placed in 3 rows along the length direction of the planting bed surface.

[0043] The spacing between the adjacent nutrient bags is 20-40 cm, preferably, the spacing between the adjacent nutrient bags is 25-30 cm.

[0044] The nutrient bags need to be evenly placed, and the nutrient bags are laid flat on the bed surface and compacted to closely adhere to the planting bed surface, and the fallen granular seeds are picked out in time to prevent mold.

[0045] The cultivation conditions of the fungus growing period are: the temperature is 5-15℃, the humidity is 65-75%, the fungus growing period does not need light, the ventilation is once a week, and the cultivation time of the fungus growing period is 10-20 days after sowing.

[0046] In step 5, the covering of the perforated, moisture-retaining and breathable black mulch film includes the following steps: first, perforating the black mulch film, the diameter of the hole of the perforated black mulch film is 2-4 cm, the spacing between adjacent holes is 15-30 cm, to obtain a perforated, moisture-retaining and breathable black mulch film, after the nutrient bags are placed, the perforated, moisture-retaining and breathable black mulch film is flattened and covered on the nutrient bags, and the width of the perforated, moisture-retaining and breathable black mulch film is 1.2-2.0 m.

[0047] The purpose of perforating the moisture-retaining black mulch film is to retain moisture, maintain temperature and be breathable.

[0048] Preferably, the width of the perforated, moisture-retaining and breathable black mulch film is suitable for covering the planting bed bed surface and the gully.

[0049] Preferably, the diameter of the hole of the perforated, moisture-retaining and breathable black mulch film is 3 cm, and the spacing between adjacent holes is 20 cm.

[0050] The cultivation conditions of the primordium period are: the temperature is 5-15℃, the humidity is 65-75%, the light is scattered light, the light intensity is less than 500 lux, the ventilation is 2-3 times a week, and the ventilation time is 10-30 min each time, and the cultivation time of the primordium period is 40-80 days after the nutrient bags are placed.

[0051] The characteristics of the primordium are: forming a crystal-clear fish seed-shaped particle, the temperature of the fungus growing period is different, and the time of the primordium appearing is also different. Generally, the bed surface starts to appear primordium about 40-80 days after the nutrient bags are placed, enters the primordium period, and enters the mushroom induction stage when the primordium is formed in a large area.

[0052] The primordium is the first stage of the development of the morel ascocarp, including the spherical primordium period and the primordium differentiation stage. The primordium at this stage is the most tender, and any change in temperature and humidity can easily cause the death of the primordium, ultimately leading to yield reduction, therefore, the humidity and temperature of the greenhouse should be strictly guaranteed during this stage.

[0053] Low temperature state will make the primordium differentiation time extension, the soil temperature is too low (if lower than 4 DEG C), the mycelium activity in soil is insufficient, can not supply sufficient nutrition to the primordium, if keep low temperature for a long time, it is easy to cause the primordium undifferentiation.In addition, temperature is not suitable too high, too high temperature (such as higher than 17 DEG C) is not conducive to the differentiation of primordium, the extreme high and low temperature will directly cause the primordium death.

[0054] The humidity of growth environment will also affect the growth of primordium, humidity includes air humidity and soil humidity, water is necessary for mycelium cell activity, lack of water is easy to cause the primordium shriveling death.It is found through test that when humidity is 60-80%, it is conducive to the differentiation and growth of primordium.

[0055] The primordium stage is the most critical stage of the development process of the morel ascocarp, and also the stage with the highest environmental requirements. During the primordium cultivation stage, low temperature should be maintained in general, and therefore the growth of primordium is a relatively slow process. During the primordium stage, they are usually only 8-15 mm, and the growth speed is about 0.5-1 mm per day. Depending on the environmental conditions, especially the temperature, the mature stage of primordium will last for 1-2 weeks.

[0056] The mushroom cultivation includes: uncovering the punched, moisture-retaining and air-permeable black mulch, pouring mushroom water, the primordium matures and a tiny mushroom tip appears, at this time, the punched, moisture-retaining and air-permeable black mulch can be uncovered, and the nutrient bag can be picked out to pour mushroom water. This is the second time of pouring water during the whole planting period. The standard is to pour water thoroughly but not to accumulate water. Water should be poured in multiple times within 1-2 days in the form of spraying. Water should be poured thoroughly under the premise of maintaining good soil permeability, but it cannot accumulate water. Accumulation of water will cause the death of the mushroom red leg, and the dissolved oxygen content in the ground substrate should be maintained. Excessive accumulation of water will cause the dissolved oxygen content in the ground substrate to be too low, thereby affecting the growth of the mushroom.

[0057] The mushroom water can be directly atomized and sprayed with underground water. When pouring water, the window should be properly opened for ventilation to increase oxygen under the premise of maintaining the greenhouse temperature. The mushroom is stimulated to grow rapidly by temperature difference. Water should be poured in the morning or evening, and the pouring should ensure that the water is poured thoroughly. Water should be poured staggered with the high temperature period in the middle of the day.

[0058] The sign of pouring water thoroughly is that a chopstick can be easily inserted into the ground.

[0059] The cultivation conditions of the young mushroom period are as follows: the temperature is 10-12 DEG C, the humidity is 80-90%, the light is scattered light, the light intensity is 500-800 lux, the ventilation is 4-6 times per week, the ventilation time is 10-50 min each time, and the growth time of the young mushroom period is 15-25 days.

[0060] After the slow primordium development stage, the ascocarps will reach the rapid growth stage, which is typically characterized by rapid differentiation and development of the ascocarps, and under the condition that the environmental conditions are all available, the ascocarps can grow to 2 / 3 of the final size of the morel in 2-3 days.

[0061] After the rapid growth of the previous stage, the size growth rate of the ascocarps is reduced again, and this stage is also the last stage of the morel growth, and finally the ascocarps reach a stable size, produce pigments, and start to produce spores, and the time of the last stage varies greatly, which can be one day or 10 days.

[0062] The cultivation conditions of the fruiting stage are as follows: the temperature is 12-16 DEG C, the humidity is 85-95%, the light is scattered light, the light intensity is 600-1000 lux, the ventilation is 1-2 times per day, the ventilation time is 10-60 min each time, and the growth time of the fruiting stage is 5-20 days.

[0063] The humidity of the fruiting stage should be preferably kept at 85-95%, and should be not less than 80%, so as to avoid the wilting of the young ascocarps due to water loss.

[0064] Although the primordium can develop under dark conditions, it is found through experiments that scattered light is helpful for the development of the primordium, and strong light will inhibit the development of the primordium. The light transmittance during the fruiting period should be kept between 85-90%, that is, the standard four-pin or six-pin shading net is used.

[0065] During the cultivation of the morel, if the air humidity in the shed is not enough, such as less than 80%, a high-pressure micro-spraying pipe or a fogging machine can be used to spray and humidify the air to keep the air humidity, and spraying mode should not be used for humidification outside the two watering periods, and only the spraying mode can be used for humidification. Excessive humidification caused by the spraying mode is not conducive to the growth of the mushroom.

[0066] The temperature and humidity in the application are based on the temperature value within 15 cm from the ground surface.

[0067] After 5-20 days of the young mushroom, the fruiting stage is reached, and the color of the morel changes from light gray to dark brown, which marks the maturity, and the mature morel can be picked.

[0068] After the first batch of mushrooms is completely harvested, if the growth temperature is still within the controllable range, the second watering for mushroom cultivation can be carried out, and the above management is repeated to promote the second batch of mushroom growth.

[0069] The picking sequence of the morel is to pick the mature morel first, and leave the small ones.

[0070] If there is a drying equipment, the harvested morel can be dried on the same day to ensure the quality of the morel.

[0071] The application has the beneficial effects: (1) The morchella cultivated in the sunlight greenhouse, the temperature, humidity and light conditions of each growth period of the morchella are conveniently adjusted, the temperature, humidity, light, ventilation conditions of each growth period of the morchella are accurately adjusted through the planting method, the differentiation and growth of the morchella can be avoided due to too high or too low temperature and humidity, and the high temperature and white mold caused by strong light direct radiation can also be avoided. The planting method can make the morchella grow better, the quality of the cultivated morchella is higher, and the yield of the morchella can be improved.

[0072] (2) The planting method sprays the morchella, sprays twice during the growth period of the morchella, and needs to pour water each time, but the second time cannot accumulate water, which can avoid too low dissolved oxygen in the soil, and the spraying method is beneficial to the growth of the morchella.

[0073] (3) The planting method can realize large-scale scientific planting of morchella in northern areas, and the planting method can greatly improve the yield and quality of the morchella, and the yield of the morchella planted by the planting method is much higher than that of the morchella planted by the traditional method, and the planting method has high popularization and practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0074] Figure 1 The appearance photo of the sunlight greenhouse is shown; Figure 2 The structure photo of the double-layer sunlight greenhouse is shown; Figure 3 The photo after the single-layer sunlight greenhouse frame planting bed is shown; Figure 4 The photo after the black mulch is covered on the mushroom bed is shown; Figure 5 The photo of the morchella mycelium full bed is shown; Figure 6 The photo of the nutrient bag is shown; Figure 7 The photo of the black mulch after punching is covered on the nutrient bag is shown; Figure 8 The photo of the morchella primordium stage is shown; Figure 9 The photo of the morchella young mushroom stage is shown; Figure 10 The photo of the morchella mature mushroom stage is shown; Figure 11 The photo of the picked morchella is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The present application will be described in detail below, and the characteristics and advantages of the present application will become clearer and more explicit with these descriptions.

[0076] Embodiment The present application is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are only intended to illustrate the present application, but not to limit the scope of protection of the present application. In the embodiments of the present application, the sunlight greenhouse is selected or built as required, and the strain and nutrient bag should be selected from the products of standard manufacturers.

[0077] Embodiment 1 A method suitable for high-yield planting of Morel in a greenhouse in northern regions, the method comprising the following steps: Morel is planted in a sunlight greenhouse, and the sunlight greenhouse is as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The sunlight greenhouse comprises a shading net and a spraying device, the spraying device comprises a water source, a water pump, a spraying pipeline and a spray head, the selection of the water pump is proportional to the area of the greenhouse and the power of the water pump, and 1 mu of land area is equipped with a water pump with a power of more than 2.0 kw. The shading net is preferably a shading net with a shading rate of more than 85%, the shading net is arranged at the outermost layer of the sunlight greenhouse, and the front end of the shading net falls to the ground, so that the sunlight can not directly irradiate the planting bed surface. The sunlight greenhouse further comprises a greenhouse steel frame, the greenhouse steel frame is a double-layer steel frame, as shown in Figure 2 An inner layer of greenhouse film is laid on the inner layer of steel frame, and an outer layer of greenhouse film is laid on the outer layer of steel frame, the inner layer of greenhouse film is a light scattering and dripping film, and the material of the outer layer of greenhouse film is a po dripping film. The length of the sunlight greenhouse is 90 m, and the width is 10 m. The pH value of the soil for cultivating Morel is 7-8.

[0078] The best planting period of Morel is from the middle of September to the end of May of the next year, and the pre-planting management is started in September, the greenhouse is overhauled, the normal lifting of the roller shutter machine is checked, whether the greenhouse film and the thermal insulation quilt are damaged and need to be replaced, whether the ventilation opening is normally used, whether the shading rate of the shading net is about 85%, whether the spraying facility is normal, and whether the sealing effect of the greenhouse reaches the normal use standard, etc. Lime is placed at the door of the sunlight greenhouse, and the person entering the sunlight greenhouse should step on the lime for disinfection before entering.

[0079] Before planting, the shed is also needed to be closed, the land is rotated, the planting bed is defined by wire frame, and the seeds are sown. The shed closing operation includes the following steps: all the air vents are closed, the temperature is raised in the daytime, and the temperature is kept in the night. The purpose is to raise the ground temperature and prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests. The shed closing operation lasts for 1-2 weeks. When the shed is closed, the sunshade net is opened, and the temperature in the shed is raised to 60-70℃. After the shed is closed, the land is rotated, which includes the following steps: the land is rotated by a rotary cultivator, and the depth of the land rotation is 30cm. The land is broken into small pieces when the land is rotated. The standard of the land rotation is that the smaller the soil clumps are, the better. After the land is rotated, the planting bed is defined by wire frame, which includes the following steps: the bed is made along the east-west direction of the shed, and the width of the bed is 0.6-1.2m. The width of the ditch on both sides of the bed is 30-40cm. The wire is laid according to the width of the bed, and the position of the bed is defined by the wire frame. The photo of the defined planting bed is shown in Figure 3 .

[0080] Before sowing, the strain is strictly selected. The high-yield strain of a reliable manufacturer is selected. The strain is uniformly sown in the wire frame of the planting bed according to the requirements of the manufacturer, and the sowing amount is according to the requirements of the strain manufacturer.

[0081] After sowing, the soil is covered and rolled, which includes the following steps: the ditch soil obtained by digging the ditch between the planting beds is covered on the surface of the sown planting bed. The depth of the ditch is 25cm, and the thickness of the soil covering on the surface of the planting bed is 7cm. After the soil is covered on the surface of the planting bed, the roller is rolled back and forth for 1-2 times. The soil covering and rolling should not leak seeds, and the leaked seeds should be picked out or directly covered with soil.

[0082] The number of watering times during the whole planting period of the Morchella is 2. The first watering is carried out by using the spraying equipment to spray water until the planting layer is fully watered. Usually, there is half-ditch deep accumulated water in the ditch, which can be directly sprayed by using underground water. The spraying should be completed within 1-2 days. The second spraying is carried out in the morning or evening, and there should be no accumulated water in the ditch. The sign of fully watering is that the stick easily enters the soil, which indicates that the water has been fully watered.

[0083] When the sprayed water is fully infiltrated and the person can enter without getting wet, the black mulch is covered on the mushroom bed to keep it moist, as shown in Figure 4 . The width of the black mulch is 1-2m. After the black mulch is covered, the mushroom cultivation period begins. The mycelium is formed about 5-20 days after sowing and watering. When the white mycelium fully covers the bed surface, the black mulch is removed, as shown in Figure 5 . The nutrient bag is placed. When the nutrient bag is placed, 75% alcohol is sprayed on the surface of each nutrient bag, the knife, and the gloves for disinfection. Then, the knife is used to draw three long openings on the nutrient bag. The length of the opening is appropriate when the opening does not leak air. Three rows are placed along the length direction of the planting bed surface, as shown in Figure 6As shown, the spacing between the adjacent nutrient bags is 30 cm. The nutrient bags need to be evenly placed, and the nutrient bags are laid flat on the bed surface and compacted so that they are tightly attached to the bed surface. The fallen granular seeds are picked out in time to prevent mold.

[0084] After the nutrient bags are placed, the moisture-retaining black film is punched, the width of the moisture-retaining black film is 1-2 m, the diameter of the hole punched in the moisture-retaining black film is 2-4 cm, the spacing between adjacent holes is 15-30 cm, and then the punched moisture-retaining black film is flattened and covered on the nutrient bags in time, as shown in Figure 7 .

[0085] Subsequently, the bacteria are cultured, and the cultivation conditions during the bacteria culture period are as follows: the temperature is 5-15°C, the humidity is 65-75%, and the bacteria culture period does not require light. The ventilation is performed once a week, and the cultivation time during the bacteria culture period is 10-20 days.

[0086] About 40-80 days after the nutrient bags are placed, the bed surface begins to appear primordia, and the primordia period begins. The cultivation conditions during the primordia period are as follows: the temperature is 5-15°C, the humidity is 65-75%, the light is scattered light, the light intensity is less than 500 lux, the ventilation is performed twice a week, and the ventilation time is 10-30 min each time. The cultivation time during the primordia period is 40-80 days after the nutrient bags are placed.

[0087] The primordia mature and appear tiny mushroom tips, as shown in Figure 8 , at this time, the punched moisture-retaining and breathable black film is removed, and the mushroom water poured after the nutrient bags can be picked out. This is the second watering during the entire planting period. The watering standard is to pour water thoroughly but not to accumulate water. The watering is performed in a spraying manner for multiple times within 1-2 days. The water is poured thoroughly under the premise of maintaining good soil permeability, but cannot accumulate water. The pouring water sign is the same as the first time.

[0088] Subsequently, the young mushroom period begins, and the cultivation method during the young mushroom period is as follows: the temperature is 10-12°C, the humidity is 80-90%, the light is scattered light, the light intensity is 500-800 lux, the ventilation is performed 5 times a week, and the ventilation time is 10-50 min each time. The growth cycle during the young mushroom period is about 15-25 days, and the young Morel mushroom photos during the young mushroom period are as shown in Figure 9 .

[0089] Finally, the mushroom period begins, and the sign of the mushroom period is that the color gradually changes from gray to brown. The cultivation conditions during the mushroom period are as follows: the temperature is 12-16°C, the humidity is 85-95%, the light is scattered light, the light intensity is 600-1000 lux, the ventilation is performed 1-2 times a day, and the ventilation time is 10-60 min each time. The growth cycle during the mushroom period is 5-20 days, and the Morel mushroom photos during the mushroom period are as shown in Figure 10 .

[0090] After the morels are mature, they are harvested. The order of picking is: harvest the mature morels first, pick the big ones and leave the small ones. The harvested morels can be dried on the day of harvesting. Drying is conducive to preservation and can also ensure the quality of the morels. Figure 11 As shown, from Figure 11 As can be seen, the Morchella mushrooms harvested using the cultivation method described herein are large, thick, and uniform in size, demonstrating excellent quality. After harvest, the biological yield of Morchella mushrooms can reach 3,000 to 4,000 jin (approximately 1000 catties) per mu (approximately 1000 kg) per mu (approximately 1000 kg). The key temperature, humidity, and phosgene control measures for the cultivation, primordium, juvenile, and mature stages of the present invention are summarized in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1 Key points for controlling temperature, humidity and phosgene during the culture period, primordium period, young mushroom period and mature mushroom period

[0092] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements may be made to the technical solutions and implementations of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method suitable for high-yield cultivation of greenhouse morels in northern regions, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select or build a solar greenhouse; Step 2: Before planting, seal the greenhouse, plow the soil, use a wireframe to mark the planting bed, and sow the seeds; Step 3: dig trenches, cover soil and roll; Step 4: Water and cover with moisturizing black mulch to keep the soil moist and cultivate bacteria. Enter the cultivation period, remove the moisturizing black mulch and place the nutrient bags. Step 5. After placing the nutrient bags, cover with perforated moisturizing and breathable black mulch film and enter the primordium period. After the primordium is formed, remove the perforated moisturizing and breathable black mulch film and water with mushroom-inducing water. After management in the young mushroom stage and the mature mushroom stage, mature morels are obtained.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 1, The solar greenhouse includes: a main steel frame, insulation walls, greenhouse film, insulation blanket, roller shutter, vents, sunshade net and spray equipment; The sunshade net has a sunshade rate of 80-90%; The morels are grown in a solar greenhouse.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 2, Using a laying-out frame to calibrate the planting bed includes the following steps: calibrating the planting bed along the length direction or the width direction of the solar greenhouse, the width of the planting bed is 0.6 to 1.5 m, and the width of the ditch on both sides of the planting bed is 0.3 to 0.4 m.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 3, The trenching, soil covering and rolling method includes: covering the trench soil obtained by digging trenches between the planting beds onto the planting bed surface after sowing, the trench depth is 20 to 40 cm, the thickness of the soil covering the planting bed surface is 5 to 10 cm, and after covering the planting bed surface with soil, the planting bed surface is rolled 1 to 2 times.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 4, The number of watering times during the entire planting period is 2, and the watering method is spraying watering; The spraying is completed in 1 to 2 days; The method of placing nutrient bags after removing the moisturizing black mulch film comprises the following steps: 5 to 20 days after sowing and watering, the fungus forms fungus frost, and when the white mycelium covers the bed surface, the moisturizing black mulch film that has been covered is removed, and the nutrient bags are placed, and 2 to 4 rows of nutrient bags are placed along the length direction of the planting bed surface, with a distance of 20 to 40 cm between adjacent nutrient bags.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 4, The cultivation conditions during the culture period are: temperature of 5-15° C., humidity of 65-75%, no light required during the culture period, ventilation once a week, and the cultivation time during the culture period is 10-20 days after sowing.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 5, The covering with a perforated moisturizing and breathable black mulch film includes the following steps: first, the black mulch film is punched with holes with a diameter of 2 to 4 cm and a spacing between adjacent holes of 15 to 30 cm to obtain the perforated moisturizing and breathable black mulch film; after the nutrient bags are placed, the perforated moisturizing and breathable black mulch film is flattened and covered on the nutrient bags; the width of the perforated moisturizing and breathable black mulch film is 1.0 to 2.0 m.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 5, The cultivation conditions during the primordium period are as follows: temperature of 5-15°C, humidity of 65-75%, scattered light with a light intensity of less than 500 lux, ventilation 2-3 times a week, each ventilation time of 10-30 minutes, and the cultivation time during the primordium period is 40-80 days after the nutrient bag is placed.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 5, The cultivation conditions during the young mushroom stage are: temperature of 10-12°C, humidity of 80-90%, scattered light with a light intensity of 500-800 lux, ventilation 4-6 times a week, each ventilation time of 10-50 minutes, and growth time of the young mushroom stage of 15-25 days.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 5, The cultivation conditions during the mushroom-forming stage are: temperature of 12-16°C, humidity of 85-95%, scattered light with a light intensity of 600-1000 lux, ventilation 1-2 times a day, each ventilation time of 10-50 minutes, and growth time of 5-20 days during the mushroom-forming stage.

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