Fertilizer for improving fertility of sand gravel soil as well as preparation method and application of fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer for improving fertility of sand gravel soil, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The grape vines and the rice husks are mixed and carbonized to prepare the biochar, cross-linked gaps can be generated between ash of the grape vines and the rice husks in the carbonization process, surface functional groups are richer, the sizes of the formed pores are in gradient distribution, the specific surface area and the adsorption capacity can be effectively improved, and the slow release period of the fertilizer is prolonged. Through ternary cooperation of inorganic quick-acting nutrients, organic long-acting improvement and a charcoal carrier, soil improvement under the gravel soil condition is achieved, and the yield and quality of wine grapes are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy gravel soil, a preparation method thereof and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The east foot area of Helan Mountain is the core production area of wine grape in Ningxia, and the soil type thereof is mainly sandy gravel soil. The sandy gravel soil has unique physical properties, i.e., large inter-particle pores and good air permeability, which is beneficial to grape root respiration. However, in the long-term practice of grape planting, the disadvantages of the sandy gravel soil are gradually highlighted. The particles of the sandy gravel soil are large and lack of aggregation, and thus cannot form effective aggregate structure. After rainfall or irrigation, water is rapidly lost by infiltration, and thus it is difficult to be retained around the root system, which causes the grape plants to often face water shortage stress during the growth process. Meanwhile, the nutrients contained in the soil, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as iron, zinc and boron, are carried away with the loss of water, resulting in a continuous decrease in the content of soil nutrients.

[0003] The traditional soil management method has poor effect in solving the problems of fertilizer and water conservation of the gravel soil. Under the conventional fertilization method, the fertilizer utilization rate is extremely low, and a large amount of fertilizer is lost with water, which not only causes resource waste, but also may cause pollution to the surrounding water environment. The existing soil improver or fertilizer product cannot specifically solve the problem of low soil nutrient availability in the region. For example, biochar has the characteristics of large specific surface area and rich pore structure, and can increase the content of soil nutrients and promote crop growth after being applied to the soil. However, for the sandy gravel soil which has poor water and fertilizer conservation capacity, there are still defects such as single improvement effect and short effective period. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a technical solution which can effectively improve the structure of the sandy gravel soil, enhance the retention capacity of the soil for fertilizer and water, improve the nutrient availability, and thus improve the quality and yield of wine grape. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy gravel soil, which can improve the water and fertilizer conservation performance of the sandy gravel soil, and thus improve the yield and quality of wine grape.

[0005] Another object of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the fertilizer.

[0006] Another object of the present application is to provide the application of the fertilizer or the fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in the planting of wine grape.

[0007] Another object of the present application is to provide a planting method of wine grape.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the present application provides the following technical solutions.

[0009] The application provides a fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy gravel soil, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of biochar, 25-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-15 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of trace elements, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of citric acid and 3-8 parts of bentonite.

[0010] The preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: mixing grapevine tendrils and rice husks, and carbonizing.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the grapevine tendrils and the rice husks is 1-5:1.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the grapevine tendrils is 1-5 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the carbonization conditions comprise the following: a carbonization temperature of 400-600 DEG C, and a carbonization time of 60-120 min.

[0014] Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is mature livestock and poultry manure.

[0015] Preferably, the trace elements comprise any one or more of zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum and iron.

[0016] The application further provides a preparation method of the fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and trace elements, and then sequentially adding bentonite, citric acid, humic acid, biochar and livestock and poultry manure, and mixing.

[0017] The application further provides an application of the fertilizer or the fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in the planting of wine grapes.

[0018] The application further provides a planting method of wine grapes, which comprises the following steps: digging a planting ditch, mixing the dug soil with the fertilizer, backfilling, and covering the surface with soil; and transplanting wine grape seedlings.

[0019] Preferably, the application amount of the fertilizer is 150-300 kg per mu.

[0020] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] In the application, the grapevine tendrils and the rice husks are mixed and carbonized to prepare biochar. During the carbonization process, cross-linking voids can be generated between the ash of the grapevine tendrils and the rice husks, the surface functional groups are more abundant, the size of the formed pores is gradiently distributed, the specific surface area and the adsorption capacity can be effectively improved, the slow-release period of the fertilizer is prolonged, the problem that the nutrients of sandy gravel soil are prone to loss is effectively solved, meanwhile, the carbonization time can be reduced, and the energy consumption and the cost can be reduced.

[0022] The organic component in the fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil structure, and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil; the inorganic component can quickly provide nutrients for plants to meet the immediate needs of plant growth, and the combination of the two realizes the complementation of long-acting and quick-acting; the biochar has a large specific surface area and pore structure, can increase the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil, and improve the shortcomings of the loose and poor water and fertilizer retention performance of the sandy soil. Through the ternary synergy of inorganic quick-acting nutrients, organic long-acting improvement and biochar carrier, the soil improvement, yield and quality improvement of wine grapes under the condition of sandy soil are realized. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The application provides a fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy soil, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of biochar, 25-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-15 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of trace elements, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of citric acid and 3-8 parts of bentonite.

[0024] The preparation method of the biochar comprises mixing grapevine and rice husk and carbonizing.

[0025] In the application, the grapevine and rice husk are not particularly limited in source and can be purchased through a conventional channel. The mass ratio of the grapevine and rice husk is preferably 1-5:1, and more preferably 2-3:1.

[0026] In the application, before the mixing, the grapevine is preferably subjected to a crushing treatment, and the particle size of the crushing can be selected according to actual needs and is preferably 1-5 cm, and more preferably 1-2 cm or 2-3 cm.

[0027] In the application, the carbonization temperature is preferably 400-600 DEG C, and more preferably 450-500 DEG C or 490-550 DEG C; and the carbonization time is preferably 60-120 min, and more preferably 70-90 min or 80-100 min.

[0028] In the application, the grapevine and rice husk are mixed and carbonized to prepare biochar, and the ash of the grapevine and rice husk can generate crosslinked voids during the carbonization process, the surface functional groups are more abundant, the size of the formed pores is gradiently distributed, compared with the biochar prepared by mixing single components or mixing after separate carbonization, the specific surface area and adsorption capacity can be effectively improved, the slow-release period of the fertilizer can be prolonged, and the problem of easy loss of nutrients in sandy soil can be effectively improved; in addition, compared with the biochar prepared by mixing after separate carbonization, the carbonization time can be reduced, and the energy consumption and cost can be reduced.

[0029] In the present application, the type of livestock and poultry manure is not particularly limited, and in some embodiments, the livestock and poultry manure preferably includes any one or more of sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, horse manure, chicken manure, and duck manure.

[0030] In the present application, the livestock and poultry manure is preferably composted livestock and poultry manure, which can be directly purchased through conventional channels or prepared by conventional methods. In some embodiments, the composting method preferably includes composting fermentation of livestock and poultry manure. The composting fermentation time can be conventionally selected according to actual needs, and is preferably 5-10 days, 7-15 days, or 12-20 days.

[0031] In the present application, the type of trace elements can be conventionally selected according to actual needs. As an implementable manner, the trace elements preferably include any one or more of zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum, and iron. In some embodiments, the trace elements preferably include the following weight parts of raw materials: 0.3-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.25-1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.15-0.8 part of borax, 0.02-0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, and 0.25-1 part of EDTA iron sodium salt; the weight part of the zinc sulfate is more preferably 0.5-1 part; the weight part of the manganese sulfate is more preferably 0.35-0.5 part; the weight part of the borax is more preferably 0.25-0.4 part; the weight part of the ammonium molybdate is more preferably 0.05-0.1 part; and the weight part of the EDTA iron sodium salt is more preferably 0.35-0.5 part.

[0032] In the present application, the urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, humic acid, citric acid, and bentonite can be purchased through conventional channels.

[0033] In the present application, the weight part of the biochar is preferably 15-20 parts or 18-25 parts; the weight part of the livestock and poultry manure is preferably 30-35 parts or 32-40 parts; the weight part of the urea is preferably 8-10 parts or 9-12 parts; the weight part of the superphosphate is preferably 6-8 parts or 7-10 parts; the weight part of the potassium sulfate is preferably 6-7 parts or 7-8 parts; the weight part of the trace elements is preferably 1.5-2 parts or 1.7-3 parts; the weight part of the humic acid is preferably 2.5-3 parts or 3-4 parts; the weight part of the citric acid is preferably 2-3 parts or 2.5-4 parts; and the weight part of the bentonite is preferably 4-5 parts or 4.5-6 parts.

[0034] The fertilizer of the present application has both organic components such as biochar, mature sheep manure and humic acid and inorganic components such as urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and trace elements. The organic components can increase the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil structure and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. The inorganic components can quickly provide nutrients for plants to meet the immediate needs of plant growth. The combination of the two achieves the complementarity of long-acting and quick-acting. At the same time, the biochar has a large specific surface area and pore structure, which can increase the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil, improve the shortcomings of the loose and poor water and fertilizer retention performance of the sandy soil. The mature sheep manure and humic acid can promote the formation of soil aggregates, enhance the stability of the soil and further improve the soil structure. They can also adjust the acid-base environment of the soil, enhance the effectiveness of phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, promote the activity of soil microorganisms and improve the soil structure. The bentonite has strong water absorption and swelling properties, which can improve the water retention capacity of the soil and help to keep the soil moist. The components cooperate with each other and have a synergistic effect, achieving the triple improvement of soil improvement, crop quality and yield.

[0035] The present application also provides a preparation method of the fertilizer, which preferably comprises the following steps: mixing urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and trace elements, and then adding bentonite, citric acid, humic acid, biochar and livestock manure in sequence and mixing.

[0036] In the present application, the mixing method is not particularly limited and can be selected according to actual needs.

[0037] The present application also provides the application of the fertilizer or the fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in the planting of wine grapes.

[0038] In the present application, the application area is not particularly limited, and is preferably an area where the planting soil is sandy soil. In some embodiments, the application area preferably includes Ningxia, and more preferably includes the east foot of Helan Mountain.

[0039] In the present application, the variety of wine grapes is not particularly limited and can be selected according to actual needs. Preferably, it includes Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt or Merlot.

[0040] The present application also provides a planting method of wine grapes, which preferably comprises the following steps: digging a planting trench, mixing the dug soil with the fertilizer, backfilling and covering the surface with soil; and transplanting wine grape seedlings.

[0041] In the present application, the depth, width and row distance of the planting trench are not particularly limited and can be routinely selected according to actual needs. In some embodiments, the depth is preferably 50-60 cm, more preferably 55-67 cm; the width is preferably 40-50 cm, more preferably 45-47 cm; and the row distance is preferably 2.5-3.5 m, more preferably 2.8-3 m or 2.9-3.2 m. The mass ratio of the mixed soil and the fertilizer is preferably 0.5-2:1, more preferably 1:1. The height of the surface layer of soil is preferably 5-15 cm, more preferably 8-10 cm. The transplanting method can be routinely selected according to actual needs.

[0042] In the present application, the application amount of the fertilizer is preferably 150-300 kg / acre, more preferably 200-250 kg / acre.

[0043] The technical solutions provided by the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] In the following examples, all are routine methods unless otherwise specified.

[0045] In the following examples, the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy soil, the fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: biochar 20 parts, mature sheep manure 35 parts, urea 10 parts, superphosphate 8 parts, potassium sulfate 7 parts, trace elements 1.5 parts, humic acid 3 parts, citric acid 3 parts and bentonite 5 parts.

[0048] The preparation method of the biochar is as follows: grapevine vines are crushed to 1-2 cm, mixed with rice husks at a mass ratio of 3:1, and carbonized at 500°C for 90 min.

[0049] The trace elements are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: zinc sulfate 0.5 parts, manganese sulfate 0.35 parts, borax 0.25 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.05 parts and EDTA iron sodium salt 0.35 parts.

[0050] The preparation method of the fertilizer is as follows:

[0051] The raw materials are weighed according to the above parts by weight, and urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and trace elements are mixed, and then bentonite, citric acid, humic acid, biochar and mature sheep manure are added in sequence and mixed.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy gravel soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of biochar, 25 parts of mature pig manure, 8 parts of urea, 5 parts of superphosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of trace elements, 2 parts of humic acid, 1 part of citric acid and 3 parts of bentonite.

[0054] The biochar is prepared by crushing grapevine into 2-3 cm, mixing with rice husk at a mass ratio of 2:1, and carbonizing at 400 DEG C for 120 min.

[0055] The trace elements are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.25 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.15 parts of borax, 0.02 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.28 parts of EDTA iron sodium salt.

[0056] The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0057] The raw materials are weighed according to the above parts by weight, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and trace elements are mixed, and then bentonite, citric acid, humic acid, biochar and mature sheep manure are added in sequence and mixed.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] The fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy gravel soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of biochar, 50 parts of mature cow manure, 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of superphosphate, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of trace elements, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of citric acid and 8 parts of bentonite.

[0060] The biochar is prepared by crushing grapevine into 1-2 cm, mixing with rice husk at a mass ratio of 5:1, and carbonizing at 600 DEG C for 60 min.

[0061] The trace elements are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.8 parts of borax, 0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate and 1 part of EDTA iron sodium salt.

[0062] The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0063] The raw materials are weighed according to the above parts by weight, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and trace elements are mixed, and then bentonite, citric acid, humic acid, biochar and mature sheep manure are added in sequence and mixed.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The planting method of wine grape comprises the following steps:

[0066] Digging planting ditch, ditch depth 55cm, ditch width 45cm, row spacing 3m, the mixed soil with the fertilizer prepared in example 1 according to mass ratio 1:1, backfill, surface layer covers 10cm soil; transplanting wine grape seedlings, field management using the field conventional management standard;

[0067] The application amount of the fertilizer is 200kg / mu.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] A wine grape planting method, the planting method steps as follows:

[0070] Digging planting ditch, ditch depth 50cm, ditch width 40cm, row spacing 2.5m, the mixed soil with the fertilizer prepared in example 2 according to mass ratio 2:1, backfill, surface layer covers 5cm soil; transplanting wine grape seedlings, field management using the field conventional management standard;

[0071] The application amount of the fertilizer is 150kg / mu.

[0072] Example 6

[0073] A wine grape planting method, the planting method steps as follows:

[0074] Digging planting ditch, ditch depth 60cm, ditch width 50cm, row spacing 3.5m, the mixed soil with the fertilizer prepared in example 3 according to mass ratio 0.5:1, backfill, surface layer covers 15cm soil; transplanting wine grape seedlings, field management using the field conventional management standard;

[0075] The application amount of the fertilizer is 300kg / mu.

[0076] Comparative example 1

[0077] A fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy soil, different from example 1 in that:

[0078] The preparation method of the biochar is: grapevine vine is crushed to 1-2cm, carbonized at 500℃ for 90min.

[0079] Comparative example 2

[0080] A fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy soil, different from example 1 in that:

[0081] The preparation method of the biochar is: rice husk is carbonized at 500℃ for 90min.

[0082] Comparative example 3

[0083] A fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy soil, different from example 1 in that:

[0084] The preparation method of the biochar is as follows: grapevine is crushed to 1-2 cm, carbonized at 500 DEG C for 90 min to obtain grapevine biochar; rice husk is carbonized at 500 DEG C for 90 min to obtain rice husk biochar; the grapevine biochar and the rice husk biochar are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain the biochar.

[0085] Comparative Example 4

[0086] A fertilizer for improving the fertility of sandy gravel soil, which is different from Example 1 in that no biochar is added to the fertilizer.

[0087] Test Example 1

[0088] 1. The test site is located in the grape planting base at the east foot of Helanshan Mountain in Ningxia, which is a typical sandy gravel soil. The soil (at a depth of 10-20 cm) has a pH of 8.75, an organic matter of 4.16 g / kg, an alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of 29.82 mg / kg, an available phosphorus of 27.23 mg / kg, and an available potassium of 73.47 mg / kg.

[0089] 2. Experimental materials: the grape variety is the local main variety Cabernet Sauvignon; the fertilizers of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and a commercially available compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are used.

[0090] 3. Experimental setup: a total of 5 treatments are set, which are the experimental group (Example 1), the control group 1 (Comparative Example 1), the control group 2 (Comparative Example 2), the control group 3 (Comparative Example 3), the control group 4 (Comparative Example 4), and the control group 5 (commercially available compound fertilizer). The plot area is 6m x 9m, and each treatment is repeated 3 times. Except that the fertilizers used are different, the planting methods of the experimental group and the control groups 1-4 are the same as those of Example 4; the application amount of the commercially available compound fertilizer of the control group 5 is 65 kg / mu, and the planting method is the same as that of Example 4.

[0091] 4. Determination index: the average length of new shoots is determined before flowering; after the grape is harvested, the single fruit weight, the soluble solid content, and the yield of each plot are determined; after the grape is harvested, the pH, the organic matter, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, the available phosphorus, and the available potassium contents of the soil at a depth of 10-20 cm are determined. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0092] Table 1 Influence of different treatments on grape growth and quality

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Table 2 Influence of different treatments on soil nutrient content

[0096]

[0097] As can be seen from the results of Table 1 and Table 2, the soil nutrient content is significantly improved compared with no addition of biochar (control group 4), single component biochar (control group 1 and control group 2) and mixed biochar after carbonization (control group 3), indicating that the grapevine and rice husk mixed carbonization for preparing biochar can effectively improve the specific surface area and adsorption capacity, prolong the slow-release period of fertilizer, effectively improve the sandy soil structure, improve the problem of easy loss of sandy soil nutrients, thereby improving the fruit quality and yield of wine grape.

[0098] Compared with the commercially available compound fertilizer, the application of the fertilizer can effectively improve the soil nutrient content level, the organic matter content is increased by 61.4%, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is increased by 59.7%, the available phosphorus content is increased by 82.3%, and the available potassium content is increased by 56.5%. Through the synergistic effect of organic components, inorganic components and biochar, the sandy soil structure is effectively improved, the soil fertility is improved, the growth rate and quality of wine grape are improved, the average length of new shoots is increased by 18.0%, the single grain weight is increased by 12.6%, the soluble solid content is increased by 8.3%, and the plot yield is increased by 24.9%. It shows that the fertilizer realizes the triple improvement of soil improvement, quality and yield through the synergistic effect of biochar, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.

[0099] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, it should be noted that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, can also make a number of improvements and refinements, these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fertilizer for improving the fertility of gravel soil, characterized in that: The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of biochar, 25-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-15 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of superphosphate, 5-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-5 parts of trace elements, 2-5 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of citric acid and 3-8 parts of bentonite; The biochar preparation method comprises: mixing grape vines and rice husks and carbonizing them.

2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the grape vines to the rice husks is 1 to 5:

1.

3. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The particle size of the grape vines is 1 to 5 cm.

4. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The carbonization conditions include: carbonization temperature of 400-600° C. and carbonization time of 60-120 min.

5. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The livestock and poultry excrement is decomposed livestock and poultry excrement.

6. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The trace elements include any one or more of zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum and iron.

7. The method for preparing the fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and trace elements, and sequentially adding bentonite, citric acid, humic acid, biochar and livestock and poultry manure, and mixing.

8. Use of the fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7 in growing wine grapes.

9. A method for growing wine grapes, characterized in that: The planting method comprises the following steps: digging a planting ditch, mixing the excavated soil with fertilizer, backfilling, and covering the surface with soil; and transplanting wine grape seedlings; the fertilizer is the fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7.

10. The planting method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The application amount of the fertilizer is 150-300 kg / mu.

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