Miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna, which is used for solving the problem that an existing horn antenna cannot meet the use requirements of a miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain system. Comprising a rectangular waveguide structure, a double-ridge horn structure and a double-faced thick convex lens which are connected in sequence, and the double-faced thick convex lens is a symmetrical convex lens; the focal length F0 of the double-sided thick convex lens is F0, the radius R of a sphere forming the double-sided thick convex lens is R, the wavelength is corresponding to the minimum working frequency, and A and B are respectively a focal length control parameter and a sphere radius control parameter which are obtained by simulating the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in a medium. By simulating the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in a medium, the optimal focal length and sphere radius parameters are obtained to design the thickness of the double-sided thick convex lens, so that the double-sided thick convex lens can control the phase more accurately, and higher gain, higher efficiency and lower sidelobe are realized; and impedance matching is improved by using a thickness effect, so that a wider working bandwidth is obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of horn antennas, in particular to a small-sized ultra-wideband high-gain horn antenna loaded with double-sided thick convex lenses. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the era of technological development, as the sensor of wireless communication, the antenna is required to be smaller in size, wider in bandwidth and higher in gain, so the small-sized ultra-wideband high-gain antenna is the trend of future development. Since the horn antenna has a square rate distribution of aperture phase difference, and the phase difference between the center and the two sides of the aperture increases, the high-frequency directional diagram splits, resulting in a decrease in the gain of the horn antenna. In order to improve the gain of the horn antenna, it is necessary to reduce the phase difference between the center and the two sides of the aperture, and the traditional method is to increase the length of the horn antenna, which will increase the electrical size of the horn antenna.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of antenna technology, the existing research proposes to improve the phase difference between the center and the two sides of the aperture by loading a dielectric lens, but this method only compensates for the path difference by surface curvature and does not consider the influence of lens thickness and the actual propagation distance difference of electromagnetic waves in the medium. The patent document with the authorization announcement No. CN104466415B discloses a corrugated horn antenna loaded with a single curved lens, which realizes a high gain on the basis of a ridged horn antenna; but the structure does not consider the influence of the thickness of the dielectric lens (i.e. the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the medium), and in order to suppress the main lobe fission in the high-frequency region, a corrugated horn design is adopted, resulting in a large processing difficulty and high cost of the antenna. The journal document "A High-Gain Double-Ridged Horn Antenna" (Radar Systems and Technology, Vol. 46, No. 8, June 2024) discloses a structure for increasing the length of the horn section, reducing the phase difference between the center and the two sides of the aperture, and improving the antenna aperture efficiency, thereby improving the antenna gain; but this structure will increase the electrical size of the antenna, which cannot meet the requirements of small-sized antenna. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a small-sized ultra-wideband high-gain horn antenna loaded with double-sided thick convex lenses. The technical problem of the present application is to solve the problem that the existing horn antenna cannot meet the use requirements of small-sized ultra-wideband high-gain systems.

[0005] A small-sized ultra-wideband high-gain horn antenna loaded with double-sided thick convex lenses, comprising a rectangular waveguide structure, a double-ridged horn structure and a double-sided thick convex lens connected in sequence, wherein the double-sided thick convex lens is a symmetrical convex lens.

[0006] The focal length F0 of the double-sided thick convex lens is , and the radius R of the sphere constituting the double-sided thick convex lens is , wherein: The wavelength corresponding to the minimum working frequency, A and B are the focal length control parameter and the spherical radius control parameter respectively.

[0007] Optionally, the focal length control parameter A is 0.97, and the spherical radius control parameter B is 1.63.

[0008] Optionally, the thickness d of the double-thick convex lens (3) is:

[0009]

[0010] In the formula, n is the refractive index of the double-thick convex lens, , is the phase dielectric constant of the double-thick convex lens.

[0011] Optionally, the double-ridged horn structure comprises a first metal plate and a second metal plate arranged symmetrically;

[0012] The first metal plate and the second metal plate are arranged in a horn shape, and the first metal plate and the second metal plate are respectively provided with a first ridge plate and a second ridge plate on the opposite side end faces.

[0013] Optionally, the first ridge plate comprises a first planar section and a first arc section, and the second ridge plate comprises a second planar section and a second arc section;

[0014] One side wall of the first arc section and the second arc section is a plane, and the other side wall is an arc surface, the plane of the first arc section and the second arc section is fixed on the first metal plate and the second metal plate respectively, and the arc surface shape of the first arc section and the second arc section satisfies a third-order Bessel function.

[0015] Optionally, a first circular ring hole and a second circular ring hole are respectively formed on the first planar section and the second planar section, and the diameter of the first circular ring hole is larger than the diameter of the second circular ring hole.

[0016] Optionally, the rectangular waveguide structure comprises a rectangular waveguide cavity with an open end, and a waveguide block is mounted in the rectangular waveguide cavity.

[0017] The waveguide block is provided with an inverted trapezoidal groove penetrating both ends on the end face of the open side of the rectangular waveguide cavity, rectangular grooves are formed on both side walls of the waveguide block, and the first planar section and the second planar section are respectively inserted into the rectangular grooves on both sides.

[0018] Optionally, a rectangular boss is arranged on the outer wall of the rectangular waveguide cavity.

[0019] An N-type radio frequency connector is mounted on the rectangular boss, an outer conductor of the N-type radio frequency connector is mounted on the rectangular boss, and an inner conductor of the N-type radio frequency connector is connected through the first ridge plate and the second ridge plate.

[0020] Optionally, the first metal plate and the second metal plate are connected with the double-sided thick convex lens through the first connecting piece at one end.

[0021] The other end of the first metal plate and the second metal plate is connected with the two side walls of the rectangular waveguide cavity through the second connecting piece respectively.

[0022] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the application has the following advantages:

[0023] The application obtains the optimal focal length and spherical radius parameter through simulating the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the medium, designs the thickness of the double-sided thick convex lens, can more accurately control the phase, realizes higher gain, efficiency and lower sidelobe, more smoothly processes the edge field, improves the aperture efficiency, and improves the impedance matching by using the thickness effect, and obtains wider working bandwidth.

[0024] Other advantages, objects and features of the application will be set forth in part in the following specification, and in part will be apparent from the specification to those skilled in the art, or will be learned from the practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the application can be realized and obtained by the following specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings of the application are as follows.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the horn antenna of the application.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rectangular waveguide structure of the application.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the waveguide block of the application.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the double-ridge horn structure of the application.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first metal plate and the first ridge plate of the application.

[0031] Figure 6 (a) is a structural schematic diagram of the first circular ring hole of the application.

[0032] Figure 6 (b) is a structural schematic diagram of the second circular ring hole of the application.

[0033] Figure 7 It is a propagation path diagram of electromagnetic waves in the double-sided thick convex lens of the application.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the measured voltage standing wave ratio within the operating frequency range of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 9 These are the E-plane and H-plane measured directional patterns at 2 GHz, respectively.

[0036] Figure 10 These are the E-plane and H-plane measured directional patterns at 12 GHz for the present invention.

[0037] Figure 11 The directional patterns of the present invention are measured on the E-plane and H-plane at 18 GHz.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a comparison diagram of peak gain under different parameters of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a comparison chart of the peak gain of the double-sided thick convex lens of the present invention, the lens without a lens, and the single curved lens.

[0040] In the figure: 1- rectangular waveguide structure; 101- rectangular waveguide cavity; 102- waveguide block; 103- inverted trapezoidal groove; 104- rectangular groove; 105- rectangular boss; 2- double-ridged horn structure; 201- first metal plate; 202- second metal plate; 203- first ridge plate; 204- second ridge plate; 205- first circular hole; 206- second circular hole; 3- double-sided thick convex lens; 4- N-type RF connector; 5- first connecting piece; 6- second connecting piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0042] Example:

[0043] like Figure 1 A miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna shown includes a rectangular waveguide structure 1, a double-ridge horn structure 2, and a double-sided thick convex lens 3 connected in sequence, wherein the double-sided thick convex lens 3 is a symmetrical convex lens;

[0044] The focal length F0 of the double-sided thick convex lens 3 is The radius R of the sphere that makes up the double-sided thick convex lens 3 is ,in: is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency, A and B are the focal length control parameters and sphere radius control parameters respectively obtained by simulating the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the medium.

[0045] In this embodiment, if Figure 7The double-face thick convex lens 3 is arranged to simulate the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the medium more truly, in the central area (near the optical axis), the light is perpendicular to the lens and penetrates straight in the lens; in the edge area (off-axis light), the light is oblique to the lens and penetrates obliquely in the lens. By simulating the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the medium, the optimal focal length and spherical radius control parameters A and B are obtained, and the thickness of the double-face thick convex lens is designed by using A and B, so that the phase can be more accurately controlled and the edge field can be smoothly processed, higher gain, higher aperture efficiency and lower sidelobe are realized; the thickness effect is used to improve the impedance matching, reduce the reflection loss, and realize the miniaturization of the antenna.

[0046] As an embodiment of the present application, the focal length control parameter A is 0.97 and the spherical radius control parameter B is 1.63 obtained by optimization. The thickness d of the double-face thick convex lens 3 is:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, n is the refractive index of the double-face thick convex lens 3, , is the phase dielectric constant of the double-face thick convex lens 3. In this embodiment, considering the cost and material density, ABS is selected for the double-face thick convex lens 3, and =3.3, in order to simplify the processing process, the entire double-face thick convex lens is manufactured by 3D printing, and the lens thickness is d=0.41 .

[0049] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the double-ridge horn structure 2 includes a first metal plate 201 and a second metal plate 202 arranged symmetrically;

[0050] The first metal plate 201 and the second metal plate 202 are arranged in a horn shape, and the first metal plate 201 and the second metal plate 202 are respectively provided with a first ridge plate 203 and a second ridge plate 204 on the opposite side end faces.

[0051] The first ridge plate 203 includes a first plane section and a first arc section, and the second ridge plate 204 includes a second plane section and a second arc section;

[0052] One side wall of the first arc section and the second arc section is a plane, and the other side wall is an arc surface, the plane of the first arc section and the second arc section is fixed on the first metal plate 201 and the second metal plate 202 respectively, and the arc surface shape of the first arc section and the second arc section satisfies a third-order Bessel function.

[0053] In the embodiment, the first and second ridge plates 203 and 204 are symmetrically arranged, and the thickness of the first and second ridge plates 203 and 204 is 0.04 The first and second metal plates 201 and 202 are trapezoidal plates with the same size, the width W1 of the open end of the first and second metal plates 201 and 202 is 0.93 The width W2 of the other end of the first and second metal plates 201 and 202 is 0.27 The length L1 of the first and second arc segments is 0.94 The length L2 of the first and second plane segments is 0.1 In the embodiment, only the first and second metal plates 201 and 202 are designed, and there is no medium on the left and right sides, so the device has low cost and is easy to manufacture and install.

[0054] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the first and second plane segments are respectively provided with first and second circular ring holes 205 and 206, and the diameter of the first circular ring hole 205 is greater than that of the second circular ring hole 206.

[0055] In the embodiment, the radius R1 of the first circular ring hole 205 is 0.02 , and the thickness D1 is 0.006 ; the radius R2 of the second circular ring hole 206 is 0.03 , and the thickness D2 is 0.004 ; the asymmetric first and second circular ring holes 205 and 206 provided at the feeding probe can better improve the antenna impedance matching and increase the antenna bandwidth.

[0056] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the rectangular waveguide structure 1 is provided with a rectangular waveguide cavity 101 open at one end, and a waveguide block 102 is installed in the rectangular waveguide cavity 101;

[0057] The waveguide block 102 is provided with an inverted trapezoidal groove 103 penetrating both ends on the end face of the open side of the rectangular waveguide cavity 101, and a rectangular groove 104 is formed on both side walls of the waveguide block 102, and the first and second plane segments are respectively inserted into the rectangular grooves 104 on both sides.

[0058] The outer wall of the rectangular waveguide cavity 101 is provided with a rectangular boss 105;

[0059] The N-type radio frequency connector 4 is mounted on the rectangular boss 105, the outer conductor of the N-type radio frequency connector 4 is mounted on the rectangular boss 105, and the inner conductor (feed probe) of the N-type radio frequency connector 4 is connected through the first ridge plate 203 and the second ridge plate 204.

[0060] In this embodiment, the flange plate of the N-type radio frequency connector 4 is fixed on the rectangular boss 105 by metal screws, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The width W3 of the rectangular groove 104 is 0.04 The width H2 of the bottom end of the side wall of the inverted trapezoidal groove 103 is 0.03 The width H3 of the inverted trapezoidal groove 103 is 0.08 The height L3 of the inverted trapezoidal groove 103 is 0.07 The first planar section and the second planar section of the first ridge plate 203 and the second ridge plate 204 are respectively inserted into the rectangular grooves 104 on both sides to form a ridge waveguide.

[0061] As shown in Figure 1 The first metal plate 201 and the second metal plate 202 are connected with the double-sided thick convex lens 3 through the first connecting piece 5 at the opening end;

[0062] The other end of the first metal plate 201 and the second metal plate 202 is respectively connected with the two side walls of the rectangular waveguide cavity 101 through the second connecting piece 6.

[0063] In this embodiment, the first connecting piece 5 and the second connecting piece 6 are both connecting plates arranged at an obtuse angle, and the fixing of the first connecting piece 5 and the second connecting piece 6 is realized by screws.

[0064] The horn antenna described in the present application is simulated and verified by simulation software, as shown in Figure 8 In the operating frequency range of 2GHz~18GHz, the actual measured voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 2. As shown in Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 The E-plane and H-plane measured patterns of the antenna at 2GHz, 12GHz and 18GHz are shown in the figures. The 3dB beam width of the E-plane pattern gradually decreases from 40.3° at 2GHz to 12.1° at 18GHz, and the 3dB beam width of the H-plane pattern gradually decreases from 41° at 2GHz to 9.4° at 18GHz.

[0065] As shown in Figure 12As shown, the peak gain is compared under different parameters. Since the length of the double-ridge horn structure 2 is fixed L1, the focal length A is taken as a fixed value 0.97, and the peak gain under different sphere radii B is compared. As can be seen from the figure, as the sphere radius B increases, the convex lens thickness d increases, and the peak gain in the low frequency band (2GHz-8GHz) improves obviously. The reason is that the simulation of the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the medium is more realistic, so that the electromagnetic waves reaching the aperture are closer to plane waves; compared with the high frequency band (8GHz-18GHz), the convex lens thickness d is larger in size, and the improvement is not obvious. Considering the size and weight of the antenna, the third group of data is selected: A=0.97, B=1.63 and d=0.41;

[0066] As shown in the figure, the peak gain of the horn antenna loaded with the double-thickness convex lens is obviously better than the other two technical means in the whole frequency range, which shows that the double-thickness convex lens considering the thickness can achieve higher aperture efficiency, so that the antenna has high gain, and at the same time avoids increasing the electrical length of the antenna to improve the gain, so that the antenna is miniaturized. Figure 13

[0067] In summary, the rectangular waveguide structure 1 and the double-ridge horn structure 2 are used to realize the super wideband of the antenna, and the operating frequency range is: 2~18GHz (the measured voltage standing wave ratio VSWR<2); compared with the ideal lens model ignoring the thickness, it can more realistically simulate the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the medium, obtain the optimal focal length and sphere radius control parameters A and B, and use the focal length and sphere radius control parameters A and B to design the thickness of the double-thickness convex lens 3, improve the aperture efficiency to achieve higher gain, and at the same time use the thickness effect to improve the impedance matching, so that the antenna is further miniaturized. In the operating frequency range, the peak gain is >12.2dBi, and the overall electrical size of the antenna is only: 1.51 *1.4 *1.4 The horn antenna of the present application is suitable for airborne radar, high-power jamming and other systems.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments of the present application can be modified or replaced, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, any modification or equivalent replacement, which should be covered in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.​

Claims

1. A miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a rectangular waveguide structure (1), a double-ridged horn structure (2), and a double-sided thick convex lens (3) connected in sequence, wherein the double-sided thick convex lens (3) is a symmetrical convex lens; The focal length F0 of the double-sided thick convex lens (3) is , the radius R of the sphere that makes up the double-sided thick convex lens (3) is ,in: is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency, A and B are the focal length control parameters and sphere radius control parameters respectively obtained by simulating the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the medium.

2. A miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The focal length control parameter A is 0.97, and the sphere radius control parameter B is 1.

63.

3. A miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The thickness d of the double-sided thick convex lens (3) is: ； Where n is the refractive index of the double-sided thick convex lens (3), , is the relative dielectric constant of the double-sided thick convex lens (3).

4. The miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-ridged speaker structure (2) comprises a first metal plate (201) and a second metal plate (202) that are symmetrically arranged; The first metal plate (201) and the second metal plate (202) are arranged in a trumpet shape, and a first ridge plate (203) and a second ridge plate (204) are respectively installed on the end surfaces of the first metal plate (201) and the second metal plate (202) on one side opposite to each other.

5. The miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first ridge plate (203) comprises a first plane segment and a first arc segment, and the second ridge plate (204) comprises a second plane segment and a second arc segment; One side wall of the first arc surface segment and the second arc surface segment is a plane, and the other side wall is an arc surface. The planes of the first arc surface segment and the second arc surface segment are respectively fixed on the first metal plate (201) and the second metal plate (202). The arc surface shapes of the first arc surface segment and the second arc surface segment satisfy a third-order Bessel function.

6. The miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first annular hole (205) and a second annular hole (206) are respectively provided on the first plane segment and the second plane segment, and the diameter of the first annular hole (205) is larger than the diameter of the second annular hole (206).

7. The miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rectangular waveguide structure (1) comprises a rectangular waveguide cavity (101) with an open end, wherein a waveguide block (102) is installed in the rectangular waveguide cavity (101); The waveguide block (102) is provided with an inverted trapezoidal groove (103) running through both ends of the waveguide block (102) on an end surface located on one side of the opening of the rectangular waveguide cavity (101), and rectangular grooves (104) are provided on both side walls of the waveguide block (102), and the first plane section and the second plane section are respectively inserted into the rectangular grooves (104) on both sides.

8. The miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: A rectangular boss (105) is provided on the outer wall of the rectangular waveguide cavity (101); An N-type radio frequency connector (4) is mounted on the rectangular boss (105), an outer conductor of the N-type radio frequency connector (4) is mounted on the rectangular boss (105), and an inner conductor of the N-type radio frequency connector (4) passes through the first ridge plate (203) and is connected to the second ridge plate (204).

9. The miniaturized ultra-wideband high-gain double-sided thick convex lens loaded horn antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The open ends of the first metal plate (201) and the second metal plate (202) are connected to the double-sided thick convex lens (3) via a first connecting member (5); The other ends of the first metal plate (201) and the second metal plate (202) are respectively connected to two side walls of the rectangular waveguide cavity (101) through second connecting pieces (6).

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