Multi-source energy supply backscattering video transmission system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-source energy supply backscattering video transmission system and method, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication of the Internet of Things. Comprising a video acquisition unit used for acquiring image data; the data compression unit is used for compressing the image data; the backscattering modulator unit is used for mapping the compressed image data into a modulation control instruction through a table look-up mapping coding mechanism and sending the modulation control instruction; the energy and control management unit is used for adjusting the transmission rate and the data packet structure of the modulation control instruction according to the intensity of the radio frequency signal; the determining unit is used for determining whether to continuously provide energy and energy types for the active unit according to the radio-frequency signal intensity and the sunlight energy intensity; and the processor is used for predicting an energy failure trend according to the historical radio frequency signal intensity data, and determining the energy size of the radio frequency signal energy provided for the active unit according to the energy failure trend. According to the invention, the video transmission efficiency of the backscattering video transmission system in a weak signal environment is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Internet of Things wireless communication, in particular to a multi-source energy supply backscatter video transmission system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of Internet of Things and wireless communication, with the popularization and application of low-power sensing devices, the reliability, energy efficiency and environmental adaptability of passive video transmission systems are increasingly demanded. Backscatter communication technology has unique advantages in the field of passive sensing due to its ultra-low power consumption characteristics, such as no battery power supply, small device size, flexible deployment, etc., and has important application value in intelligent security, environmental monitoring, industrial Internet of Things and other scenarios.

[0003] In the prior art, the key technologies for passive video transmission systems mainly focus on the following directions: Single radio frequency source based backscatter scheme: This kind of scheme relies on a specific strong radio frequency source (such as a dedicated radio frequency transmitter or a Wi-Fi access point) in the environment as an energy source. The energy captured by the video sensor is subject to the strength of the radio frequency signal, and the video data is modulated and reflected through the backscatter mechanism. Energy adaptive data transmission mechanism: In order to optimize the transmission efficiency under limited energy, some schemes adopt dynamic adjustment strategy. For example, according to the energy level captured, the data transmission rate or modulation and coding scheme is adaptively adjusted to maximize the energy utilization efficiency and ensure data transmission.

[0004] However, there are significant defects in the prior art when performing backscatter communication - dependence on a single radio frequency energy source. In environments where radio frequency signals are weak or fluctuate dramatically, the stability and sufficiency of energy acquisition are severely insufficient, which further leads to a significant reduction in the image data rate and transmission reliability of passive video devices. And the energy adaptive data transmission mechanism also depends on the size of the energy, when the energy is insufficient, it will lead to low data transmission rate or low coding efficiency of modulation and coding scheme.

[0005] Therefore, the passive video transmission system will be limited by the size of the energy when relying on a single radio frequency energy for backscatter communication, resulting in low transmission efficiency of image data in weak signal environments. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multi-source energy supply backscatter video transmission system and method in view of the above technical problems.

[0007] The present specification adopts the following technical solutions: The present specification provides a multi-source energy supply backscatter video transmission system, comprising: a video acquisition unit for acquiring image data; a data compression unit configured to compress the image data using a lightweight video compression algorithm; a backscatter modulator unit configured to map the compressed image data to modulation control instructions using a look-up table mapping mechanism; an energy and control management unit configured to detect radio frequency signal intensity in an environment in which the backscatter video transmission system is located, and calculate transmission rate and data packet structure of the modulation control instructions according to the radio frequency signal intensity; the backscatter modulator unit is further configured to send the modulation control instructions to a radio frequency front end according to the transmission rate and the data packet structure, wherein the modulation control instructions are configured to instruct the radio frequency front end to reflect a radio frequency signal in the environment in which the backscatter video transmission system is located, and the radio frequency signal carries information of the image data; the radio frequency front end is configured to reflect the radio frequency signal; the energy and control management unit is further configured to detect sunlight energy intensity in the environment in which the backscatter video transmission system is located, and determine whether to continue to provide energy and energy type for the active unit according to the radio frequency signal intensity and the sunlight energy intensity, predict energy exhaustion trend according to historical radio frequency signal intensity data, and determine energy size of the radio frequency signal energy provided for the active unit according to the energy exhaustion trend; wherein the energy type includes the radio frequency signal energy and the sunlight energy, and the active unit includes the video acquisition unit, the data compression unit, the backscatter modulator unit, and the radio frequency front end.

[0008] Optionally, the energy and control management unit specifically includes: an RC energy monitoring circuit module configured to detect the radio frequency signal intensity and the sunlight energy intensity in the environment in which the backscatter video transmission system is located, and calculate the transmission rate and the data packet structure of the modulation control instructions according to the radio frequency signal intensity; a low-power controllable switch module configured to determine not to provide the radio frequency signal energy for the active unit when the radio frequency signal intensity is less than a preset signal threshold, and determine to provide the radio frequency signal energy for the active unit when the radio frequency signal intensity is not less than the preset signal threshold; an ambient light sensor module configured to detect the sunlight energy intensity, determine not to provide the sunlight energy for the active unit when the sunlight energy intensity is less than a preset sunlight energy threshold, and determine to provide the sunlight energy for the active unit when the sunlight energy intensity is not less than the preset sunlight energy threshold; an energy trend prediction module configured to analyze 10 radio frequency signal intensities closest to a current time by an exponential weighted moving average algorithm to predict the energy exhaustion trend when the energy is provided for the active unit, and determine the energy size of the radio frequency signal energy provided for the active unit according to the energy exhaustion trend.

[0009] Optionally, the energy and control management unit comprises a dual-input Buck-Boost converter; When the illumination intensity of sunlight is greater than 200 lux, it is determined that the mode of the backscattering modulator unit sending the modulation control instruction is a high-speed mode; When the illumination intensity of sunlight is less than 200 lux, it is determined that the mode of the backscattering modulator unit sending the modulation control instruction is a non-high-speed mode; The dual-input Buck-Boost converter comprises a solar energy collection panel, an impedance matching network, and a hybrid energy arbitrator. The solar energy collection panel is directly connected to the hybrid energy arbitrator and is used to collect solar energy, with an output voltage range of 5-18V. The impedance matching network transmits radio frequency energy input to the hybrid energy arbitrator, matches the radio frequency signal input, and optimizes the energy collection efficiency. The input of the hybrid energy arbitrator is the solar energy collection panel and the impedance matching network, and the output radio frequency signal energy is used to power the active unit. The hybrid energy arbitrator is used to compare the power density of the radio frequency signal energy and the sunlight energy in real time and complete the energy supply path switching within 1ms, with priority given to the energy source with higher power density. The detection frequency range of the impedance matching network for the radio frequency signal input is 902-928MHz.

[0010] Optionally, the low-power controllable switch module adopts a three-level energy monitoring architecture and uses a 12-bit high-precision ADC to collect the super capacitor voltage in real time. The low-power controllable switch module comprises a digital comparator and a GaN power switch. The output of the digital comparator directly drives the GaN power switch to control the power supply path of the active unit. The digital comparator compares the super capacitor voltage collected by the ADC with a preset dynamic threshold range in real time, outputs a logic signal according to the comparison result, and decides whether to cut off the power supply of unnecessary modules. The GaN power switch quickly cuts off or restores the power supply path of the video acquisition unit according to the instruction of the digital comparator. When the radio frequency signal intensity is less than the dynamic threshold range, the function path of the video acquisition unit is cut off by the GaN power switch, the SRAM self-refresh power supply of 4KB key configuration data is retained, and a low-power monitoring mode is started.

[0011] Optionally, it further comprises an on-board memory unit, which comprises: A video data segmentation and encoding module is configured to divide the compressed image data into at least two sub-segments, and map the at least two sub-segments respectively to generate at least two code stream files. A distributed storage module is configured to randomly allocate the at least two code stream files to storage nodes for storage, and store multiple copies of key segments in the at least two code stream files. An index and metadata management module is configured to establish a global index table to record the metadata of each sub-segment. The metadata comprises a unique identifier, a storage location, and an encoding parameter.

[0012] Optionally, the video data segment and the mapping manner used by the video data segment and encoding module for the at least two sub-segments are a table lookup mapping encoding mechanism, wherein the table used by the table lookup mapping encoding mechanism includes a pre-constructed symbol mapping table and a modulation lookup table.

[0013] Optionally, the table structure of the pre-constructed symbol mapping table and the modulation lookup table is as follows: A specific storage area from the starting position in the modulation lookup table, when the address offset is 0x000, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the carrier frequency, the binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 12, and it is indicated that the adjustable range of the carrier frequency corresponding to the 12-bit data is 902-928MHz; A specific storage area from the starting position in the modulation lookup table, when the address offset is 0x002, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the modulation mode, the binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 2, and it is indicated that the modulation mode corresponding to the 2-bit data is: 00=OOK, 01=FSK, 10=PSK; A specific storage area from the starting position in the modulation lookup table, when the address offset is 0x003, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the symbol rate, the binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 10, and it is indicated that the dynamic range of the symbol rate corresponding to the 10-bit data is 10-4000kbps; A specific storage area from the starting position in the modulation lookup table, when the address offset is 0x005, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the preamble mode, the binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 4, and it is indicated that the preamble mode corresponding to the 4-bit data is a self-defined synchronization header.

[0014] The present specification provides a multi-source energy supply backscattering video transmission method, applied to a multi-source energy supply backscattering video transmission system, comprising: Obtaining image data through a video acquisition unit; Compressing the image data through a data compression unit using a lightweight video compression algorithm; Mapping the compressed image data into modulation control instructions through a table lookup mapping encoding mechanism by a backscattering modulator unit, and sending the modulation control instructions to a radio frequency front end according to the transmission rate and the data packet structure; wherein the modulation control instructions are used to instruct the radio frequency front end to reflect the radio frequency signal in the environment of the backscattering video transmission system, and the radio frequency signal carries the information of the image data; The energy and control management unit detects the radio frequency signal intensity and the sunlight energy intensity in the environment where the backscattering video transmission system is located, calculates the transmission rate and data packet structure of the modulation control instruction according to the radio frequency signal intensity, determines whether to continue to provide energy for the active unit and the energy type according to the radio frequency signal intensity and the sunlight energy intensity, predicts the energy decay trend according to the historical radio frequency signal intensity data when the active unit is provided with energy, and determines the energy size of the radio frequency signal energy provided for the active unit according to the energy decay trend. The radio frequency signal is reflected by the radio frequency front end. The energy type includes radio frequency signal energy and sunlight energy, and the active unit includes a video acquisition unit, a data compression unit, a backscattering modulator unit and a radio frequency front end.

[0015] The above at least one technical solution adopted in the specification can achieve the following beneficial effects: In the multi-source energy backscattering video transmission system provided in the specification, intelligent cooperation of the energy and control management unit realizes dynamic optimization and energy efficiency maximization of multi-source energy supply (radio frequency signal + solar energy): The radio frequency signal intensity in the environment is detected in real time, the transmission rate and data packet structure of the backscattering modulator are dynamically adjusted, the stable transmission of the video stream is ensured in a weak signal scene, the energy supply type is actively switched according to the radio frequency / illumination intensity two-dimensional data, and the energy is allocated to the video acquisition, compression and modulation units as needed to avoid invalid power consumption, the energy decay trend is predicted based on historical data, the energy supply strategy is adjusted in advance to significantly prolong the endurance of the passive device, and the lightweight video compression algorithm and the table lookup mapping coding mechanism are combined to realize high-quality video backhaul under the constraint of low power consumption, thereby improving the video transmission efficiency of the backscattering video transmission system in a weak signal environment and improving the environmental adaptability of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, constitute a part of the present application, the illustrative embodiments of the present application and the description thereof are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a multi-source energy backscattering video transmission system provided in the specification; Figure 2 The figure is a real-time query flowchart; Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of a multi-source energy backscattering video transmission method provided in the specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] For the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the specification to be clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the specification and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the specification, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 The overall architecture schematic diagram of a multi-source energy supply backscatter video transmission system provided in the specification is specifically composed of: A video acquisition unit is configured to acquire image data.

[0021] A data compression unit is configured to compress the image data by using a lightweight video compression algorithm.

[0022] In the embodiment, a lightweight video compression algorithm (such as inter-frame difference coding or ultra-low code rate coding) is used to realize preliminary compression at the source end (that is, the backscatter video transmission system), so as to reduce the data transmission burden. The compressed data is cached in the on-board memory unit, so as to facilitate subsequent backscatter modulation transmission in the available period, and relieve the influence of discontinuous excitation on real-time transmission.

[0023] A backscatter modulator unit is configured to map the compressed image data into modulation control instructions by using a lookup table mapping coding mechanism. An energy and control management unit is configured to detect the radio frequency signal strength in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and calculate the transmission rate and data packet structure of the modulation control instructions according to the radio frequency signal strength. The backscatter modulator unit is further configured to send the modulation control instructions to the radio frequency front end according to the transmission rate and data packet structure; wherein the modulation control instructions are used to instruct the radio frequency front end to reflect the radio frequency signal in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and the radio frequency signal carries the information of the image data. A radio frequency front end is configured to reflect the radio frequency signal. The energy and control management unit is further configured to detect the sunlight energy intensity in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and determine whether to continue to provide energy and the energy type for the active unit according to the radio frequency signal strength and the sunlight energy intensity; predict the energy exhaustion trend according to the historical radio frequency signal strength data, and determine the energy size of the radio frequency signal energy provided for the active unit according to the energy exhaustion trend. The energy types include radio frequency signal energy and sunlight energy; and the active unit includes a video acquisition unit, a data compression unit, a backscatter modulator unit and a radio frequency front end.

[0024] In this embodiment, the energy and control management unit specifically includes: The RC energy monitoring circuit module is configured to detect the radio frequency signal strength and the sunlight energy strength in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and calculate the transmission rate of the modulation control instruction and the data packet structure according to the radio frequency signal strength; The low-power controllable switch module is configured to determine not to provide the radio frequency signal energy to the active unit when the radio frequency signal strength is less than a preset signal threshold, and determine to provide the radio frequency signal energy to the active unit when the radio frequency signal strength is not less than the preset signal threshold; The ambient light sensor module is configured to detect the sunlight energy strength, and determine not to provide the sunlight energy to the active unit when the sunlight energy strength is less than a preset sunlight energy threshold, and determine to provide the sunlight energy to the active unit when the sunlight energy strength is not less than the preset sunlight energy threshold; The energy trend prediction module is configured to analyze the 10 radio frequency signal strengths closest to the current time by using an exponential weighted moving average algorithm to predict the energy depletion trend when the energy is provided to the active unit, and determine the energy size of the radio frequency signal energy provided to the active unit according to the energy depletion trend.

[0025] In this embodiment, the energy and control management unit includes a dual-input Buck-Boost converter. When the illumination intensity of the sunlight is greater than 200 lux, it is determined that the mode of the backscatter modulator unit for sending the modulation control instruction is a high-speed mode. When the illumination intensity of the sunlight is less than 200 lux, it is determined that the mode of the backscatter modulator unit for sending the modulation control instruction is a non-high-speed mode. The dual-input Buck-Boost converter includes a solar energy collection panel, an impedance matching network and a hybrid energy arbitrator; the solar energy collection panel is directly connected to the hybrid energy arbitrator and is configured to collect solar energy and output a voltage range of 5-18V; the impedance matching network transmits the radio frequency energy input to the hybrid energy arbitrator, matches the radio frequency signal input and optimizes the energy collection efficiency; the input of the hybrid energy arbitrator is the solar energy collection panel and the impedance matching network, and the output radio frequency signal energy is used to power the active unit, is configured to compare the power densities of the radio frequency signal energy and the sunlight energy in real time, and complete the energy supply path switching within 1ms, and preferentially select the energy source with higher power density; the detection frequency range of the impedance matching network for the radio frequency signal input is 902-928MHz.

[0026] In this embodiment, the low-power controllable switch module adopts a three-stage energy monitoring architecture, and a 12-bit high-precision ADC is used to collect the super capacitor voltage in real time. The low-power controllable switch module includes a digital comparator and a GaN power switch. The output of the digital comparator directly drives the GaN power switch to control the power supply path of the active unit. The digital comparator compares the super capacitor voltage collected by the ADC with the preset dynamic threshold range in real time, and outputs a logic signal according to the comparison result to determine whether to cut off the power supply of the unnecessary module. The GaN power switch quickly cuts off or restores the power supply path of the video acquisition unit according to the instruction of the digital comparator. When the strength of the radio frequency signal is less than the dynamic threshold range, the functional path of the video acquisition unit is cut off by the GaN power switch, the SRAM self-refresh power supply of 4KB key configuration data is retained, and the low-power monitoring mode is started.

[0027] In this embodiment, the system further includes an on-board memory unit, which includes: A video data segmentation and encoding module is configured to divide the compressed image data into at least two sub-segments, and respectively map the at least two sub-segments to generate at least two code stream files. A distributed storage module is configured to randomly allocate the at least two code stream files to storage nodes for storage, and perform multi-copy storage on key segments in the at least two code stream files. An index and metadata management module is configured to establish a global index table to record the metadata of each sub-segment. The metadata includes a unique identifier, a storage location, and an encoding parameter.

[0028] In this embodiment, the video data segmentation and encoding module uses a table lookup mapping encoding mechanism to map the at least two sub-segments. The table lookup mapping encoding mechanism uses a pre-constructed symbol mapping table and a modulation lookup table.

[0029] In this embodiment, the symbol mapping table and the modulation lookup table have the following table structure: A specific storage area in the modulation lookup table starting from the starting position, when the address offset is 0x000, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the carrier frequency, the binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 12, and the adjustable range of the carrier frequency corresponding to the 12-bit data is 902-928MHz. A specific storage area in the modulation lookup table starting from the starting position, when the address offset is 0x002, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the modulation mode, the binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 2, and the modulation mode corresponding to the 2-bit data is: 00=OOK, 01=FSK, 10=PSK. A specific storage area in the modulation lookup table starting from the starting position, when the address offset is 0x003, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the symbol rate, the binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 10, and it is indicated that the symbol rate dynamic range corresponding to the 10-bit data is 10-4000kbps; A specific storage area in the modulation lookup table starting from the starting position, when the address offset is 0x005, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the preamble mode, the binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 4, and it is indicated that the preamble mode corresponding to the 4-bit data is a custom synchronization header.

[0030] Exemplarily, as Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a real-time query process. The video data segmentation and encoding module realizes low-power and low-complexity encoding processing by using a pre-constructed symbol mapping table (which converts compressed video data blocks (such as 8x8 DCT coefficient matrices) into compact symbol representations, achieving data volume compression and standardization) and a modulation lookup table (which maps symbols to specific radio frequency modulation parameters, achieving fast configuration of communication parameters), thereby improving encoding efficiency and anti-interference capability.

[0031] The table lookup type encoding mode is used to quickly map the compressed video data to the backscattering modulation control instructions (such as OOK).

[0032] For example, the core of the distributed segmented storage mechanism is to disassemble complete video data into independent units, and to improve transmission robustness through distributed storage and redundancy design. The specific implementation steps can be as follows: The video data segmentation and encoding module can perform the following processes: Data segmentation: The original video stream is divided into multiple sub-fragments according to time, content, or fixed size (such as every 10 seconds, every 5MB), and each sub-fragment is an independent minimum storage unit.

[0033] Independent encoding: Each sub-fragment is encoded (such as H.264, H.265) to generate an independent code stream file. In this process, each fragment contains complete header information and necessary reference frame data.

[0034] The distributed storage module can perform the following processes: Multi-node distributed storage: All sub-fragments are randomly or regularly distributed to multiple storage nodes (such as edge servers, blockchain nodes), avoiding single point failure caused by centralized storage.

[0035] Redundant backup: Multiple copies (such as 2-3 copies for each fragment) of key fragments (such as the beginning of the video and important event fragments) are stored to ensure that data can be recovered when some nodes fail.

[0036] The index and metadata management module can perform the following processes: A global index table is established to record the unique identification (ID) of each sub-fragment, storage location, encoding parameters and other metadata. The index table can be stored in a centralized server or distributed through a distributed hash table (DHT) technology.

[0037] By way of example, the RC energy monitoring circuit module dynamically adjusts the backscatter transmission rate and data packet structure based on pre-set energy thresholds and feedback mechanisms by monitoring the environmental radio frequency signal strength in real time. For example, the energy threshold can be a high signal threshold: RSSI ≥ -50 dBm (sufficient signal), and a low signal threshold: RSSI ≤ -65 dBm (weak signal, need to reduce speed to ensure reliability). The feedback index can be: loss rate (Loss Rate) exceeding 10% triggers rate adjustment.

[0038] By way of example, the low-power controllable switch module adopts a three-level energy monitoring architecture, which realizes nanosecond-level response through real-time collection of super capacitor voltage by 12-bit high-precision ADC, combined with digital comparator and prediction algorithm. When the detected environmental energy is lower than the dynamic threshold (V_th=2.4V±0.3V adaptive adjustment), the system completes the following action sequence within 50μs:

[0039] 1. Immediately cut off the power supply of the video acquisition module (98% off efficiency is realized by GaN power switch) 2. Keep the SRAM self-refresh power supply of 4KB key configuration data (only consume 1.2μA) 3. Start low-power listening mode (detect energy recovery signal every 200ms) In particular, an energy trend prediction module is also introduced in the embodiment, which can predict the energy depletion trend 100-500ms in advance by analyzing the change of energy collection rate in the last 10 times through the exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) algorithm.

[0040] By way of example, the dual-input Buck-Boost converter can support: solar input: 5-18V wide range MPPT tracking (efficiency>93%); radio frequency energy input: 902-928MHz adaptive impedance matching network.

[0041] The hybrid energy arbitrator can compare the power density (mW / cm²) of the two energy sources in real time and complete the energy supply path switching within 1ms (loss <3%).

[0042] And the communication protocol is optimized: when the light intensity is sufficient (the light intensity of sunlight is greater than 200lux): activate high-speed transmission mode (16-QAM / 3.2Mbps), use solar power to directly drive the power amplifier.

[0043] Switch to non-high-speed mode in weak light environment (light intensity of sunlight is less than 200 lux): radio frequency auxiliary mode (BPSK / 200kbps), dynamically adjust the duty cycle (10%-90% adjustable).

[0044] Based on Figure 1 The multi-source energy supply backscatter video transmission system shown in the figure can realize dynamic optimization and energy efficiency maximization of multi-source energy supply (radio frequency signal + solar energy) through the intelligent cooperation of the energy and control management unit: Real-time detection of environmental radio frequency signal intensity, dynamic adjustment of transmission rate and data packet structure of the backscatter modulator, guarantee stable video stream transmission in weak signal scenarios; according to the radio frequency / illumination intensity two-dimensional data, actively switch the energy supply type, and allocate energy to the video acquisition, compression, modulation unit as needed to avoid invalid power consumption; based on historical data to predict energy attenuation trend, adjust the energy supply strategy in advance, significantly prolong the endurance of passive devices; combined with lightweight video compression algorithm and table lookup mapping encoding mechanism, realize high-quality video backhaul under low power consumption constraint, improve the video transmission efficiency of the backscatter video transmission system in weak signal environment, and improve the environmental adaptability of the system.

[0045] The multi-source energy supply backscatter video transmission system provided by one or more embodiments of the present specification is based on the same idea, and the present specification also provides a corresponding multi-source energy supply backscatter video transmission method, as shown in Figure 3 .

[0046] Figure 3 A multi-source energy supply backscatter video transmission method provided by the present specification includes: Obtain image data through the video acquisition unit; Compress the image data by using a lightweight video compression algorithm through the data compression unit; Map the compressed image data to modulation control instructions through a table lookup mapping encoding mechanism through the backscatter modulator unit, and send the modulation control instructions to the radio frequency front end according to the transmission rate and data packet structure; wherein the modulation control instructions are used to instruct the radio frequency front end to reflect the radio frequency signal in the environment of the backscatter video transmission system, and the radio frequency signal carries the information of the image data; Detect the radio frequency signal intensity and solar energy intensity in the environment of the backscatter video transmission system through the energy and control management unit, and calculate the transmission rate and data packet structure of the modulation control instructions according to the radio frequency signal intensity; according to the radio frequency signal intensity and the solar energy intensity, determine whether to continue to provide energy to the active unit and the energy type; when providing energy to the active unit, predict the energy exhaustion trend according to the historical radio frequency signal intensity data, and determine the energy size of the radio frequency signal energy provided to the active unit according to the energy exhaustion trend; reflect the radio frequency signal through a radio frequency front end; The energy types include radio frequency signal energy and sunlight energy, and the active unit includes a video acquisition unit, a data compression unit, a backscatter modulator unit and a radio frequency front end.

[0047] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any manner. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, however, as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist contradictions, they shall be considered as the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A multi-source powered backscatter video transmission system, characterized in that: include: A video acquisition unit, used for acquiring image data; A data compression unit, configured to compress image data using a lightweight video compression algorithm; A backscatter modulator unit is used to map the compressed image data into modulation control instructions through a table lookup mapping encoding mechanism; An energy and control management unit, configured to detect the radio frequency signal strength in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and calculate the transmission rate and data packet structure of the modulation control instruction based on the radio frequency signal strength; The backscatter modulator unit is further configured to send modulation control instructions to the RF front end according to the transmission rate and data packet structure; wherein the modulation control instructions are used to instruct the RF front end to reflect the RF signal in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and the RF signal carries information about the image data; RF front end, used to reflect RF signals; The energy and control management unit is further configured to detect the solar energy intensity in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and determine whether to continue to provide energy to the active unit and the type of energy based on the RF signal strength and the solar energy intensity; predict the energy failure trend based on historical RF signal strength data, and determine the amount of RF signal energy to be provided to the active unit based on the energy failure trend; Among them, the energy types include radio frequency signal energy and solar energy; the active unit includes a video acquisition unit, a data compression unit, a backscatter modulator unit and a radio frequency front end.

2. The multi-source powered backscatter video transmission system according to claim 1, wherein: Energy and control management unit, specifically including: RC energy monitoring circuit module, used to detect the RF signal strength and sunlight energy intensity in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and calculate the transmission rate and data packet structure of the modulation control instruction based on the RF signal strength; A low-power controllable switch module is used to determine not to provide radio frequency signal energy to the active unit when the radio frequency signal strength is less than a preset signal threshold; and to determine to provide radio frequency signal energy to the active unit when the radio frequency signal strength is not less than the preset signal threshold; An ambient light sensor module is used to detect the intensity of sunlight energy; when the sunlight energy intensity is less than a preset solar energy threshold, it is determined not to provide solar energy to the active unit; when the sunlight energy intensity is not less than the preset solar energy threshold, it is determined to provide solar energy to the active unit; The energy trend prediction module is used to analyze the 10 RF signal strengths closest to the current moment through an exponentially weighted moving average algorithm when providing energy to the active unit, predict the energy exhaustion trend, and determine the amount of RF signal energy provided to the active unit based on the energy exhaustion trend.

3. The multi-source powered backscatter video transmission system according to claim 1, wherein: The energy and control management unit includes a dual-input Buck-Boost converter; When the sunlight intensity is greater than 200 lux, determining that the mode in which the backscatter modulator unit sends the modulation control instruction is a high-speed mode; When the sunlight intensity is less than 200 lux, determining that the mode in which the backscatter modulator unit sends the modulation control instruction is a non-high-speed mode; Among them, the dual-input Buck-Boost converter includes a solar energy collection panel, an impedance matching network and a hybrid energy arbitrator; the solar energy collection panel is directly connected to the hybrid energy arbitrator for collecting solar energy, with an output voltage range of 5-18V; the impedance matching network transmits the RF energy input to the hybrid energy arbitrator, matches the RF signal input, and optimizes energy collection efficiency; the input of the hybrid energy arbitrator is the solar energy collection panel and the impedance matching network, and the output RF signal energy is used to power the active unit for real-time comparison of the power density of the RF signal energy and the solar energy, and completes the energy supply path switching within 1ms, giving priority to the energy source with higher power density; the impedance matching network detects the RF signal input in the frequency band range of 902-928MHz.

4. The multi-source powered backscatter video transmission system according to claim 2, wherein: The low-power controllable switch module adopts a three-level energy monitoring architecture and uses a 12-bit high-precision ADC to collect supercapacitor voltage in real time; The low-power controllable switch module includes a digital comparator and a GaN power switch. The output of the digital comparator directly drives the GaN power switch to control the power supply path of the active unit. The digital comparator compares the supercapacitor voltage collected by the ADC with the preset dynamic threshold range in real time, and outputs a logic signal based on the comparison result to decide whether to cut off the power supply to non-essential modules; the GaN power switch quickly cuts off or restores the power supply path of the video acquisition unit according to the instructions of the digital comparator; when the RF signal strength is lower than the dynamic threshold range, the GaN power switch cuts off the functional path of the video acquisition unit, retains the SRAM self-refresh power supply for 4KB of critical configuration data, and starts the low-power monitoring mode.

5. The multi-source powered backscatter video transmission system according to claim 1, wherein: Also included is an onboard memory unit comprising: a video data segmentation and encoding module, configured to divide the compressed image data into at least two sub-segments, and respectively map the at least two sub-segments to generate at least two bitstream files; A distributed storage module is used to randomly distribute at least two stream files to storage nodes for storage, and to store multiple copies of key segments in at least two stream files; The index and metadata management module is used to establish a global index table and record the metadata of each sub-segment; wherein the metadata includes a unique identifier, storage location and encoding parameters.

6. The multi-source powered backscatter video transmission system according to claim 5, wherein: The video data segmentation and encoding module maps at least two sub-segments using a table lookup mapping encoding mechanism, wherein the table used by the table lookup mapping encoding mechanism includes a pre-built symbol mapping table and a modulation lookup table.

7. The multi-source powered backscatter video transmission system according to claim 6, wherein: The table structure of the pre-built modulation lookup table is: A specific storage area starting from the start position in the modulation lookup table. When the address offset is 0x000, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the carrier frequency. The binary bit width occupied by this parameter field is 12, indicating that the carrier frequency corresponding to these 12 bits of data can be adjusted from 902 to 928 MHz. A specific storage area starting from the start position in the modulation lookup table. When the address offset is 0x002, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the modulation mode. The binary bit width occupied by the parameter field is 2, indicating that the modulation mode corresponding to these 2 bits of data is: 00 = OOK, 01 = FSK, 10 = PSK; A specific storage area starting from the start position in the modulation lookup table. When the address offset is 0x003, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the symbol rate. The binary bit width occupied by this parameter field is 10, indicating that the symbol rate dynamic range corresponding to these 10 bits of data is 10-4000kbps. A specific storage area starting from the start position of the modulation lookup table. When the address offset is 0x005, the parameter field corresponding to the address offset is the preamble mode. The binary bit width occupied by this parameter field is 4, indicating that the preamble mode corresponding to these 4 bits of data is a custom synchronization header.

8. A multi-source powered backscatter video transmission method, characterized in that: Backscatter video transmission system for multi-source power supply, including: Acquire image data through a video acquisition unit; Compressing the image data by using a lightweight video compression algorithm through a data compression unit; The backscatter modulator unit maps the compressed image data into modulation control instructions using a table lookup mapping encoding mechanism, and sends the modulation control instructions to the RF front end according to the transmission rate and data packet structure. The modulation control instructions are used to instruct the RF front end to reflect the RF signal in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and the RF signal carries information about the image data. The energy and control management unit detects the RF signal strength and solar energy intensity in the environment where the backscatter video transmission system is located, and calculates the transmission rate and data packet structure of the modulation control instruction based on the RF signal strength; determines whether to continue to provide energy to the active unit and the type of energy based on the RF signal strength and solar energy intensity; when providing energy to the active unit, predicts the energy failure trend based on historical RF signal strength data, and determines the amount of RF signal energy to provide to the active unit based on the energy failure trend; Reflecting the RF signal through the RF front end; Among them, the energy types include radio frequency signal energy and solar energy, and the active unit includes a video acquisition unit, a data compression unit, a backscatter modulator unit and a radio frequency front end.

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