Corn-soybean strip-shaped composite planting method in southern Shaanxi area

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a corn-soybean strip-shaped composite planting method in southern Shaanxi district, which comprises the following steps: S1, variety screening and matching: screening varieties with compact plant type, high yield, high quality, disease resistance and stress resistance for corn varieties; the soybean variety is selected, wherein the yield per mu of the soybean variety is increased by 20 kg or above compared with the contrast, and the soybean variety is matched with the corn variety in the growth period and complementary with the corn variety in plant type; s2, whole-course mechanical operation is adopted, and a 3.6.3 m + 4 strip-shaped jade bean composite planting mode is constructed; three rows of corns and four rows of soybeans form a unit planting belt, the total width of the unit planting belt is 3.6 m, the row spacing of the corns is 60 cm, the row spacing of the soybeans is 40 cm, and the distance between the corns and the soybean belt is 60 cm. Compared with a 2: 3 mode mainly promoted in the whole city, the yield of corn is increased by 11 kg / mu, the yield of soybeans is increased by 15 kg / mu, the benefit is increased by 112 yuan / mu, and the comprehensive efficiency is increased by 412 yuan / mu.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, specifically a method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of a severe global food security situation, my country faces the contradiction between limited arable land resources and increasing food demand. Southern Shaanxi, as an important agricultural production area, faces the following technological bottlenecks: 1) Insufficient adaptability of varieties: Existing corn and soybean varieties are highly homogeneous, have weak resistance to waterlogging and high temperatures, poor stress resistance, and low yields, which cannot meet the needs of variety upgrading.

[0003] 2) Ecological and environmental constraints: The region is characterized by heavy rainfall, limited sunshine, and insufficient heat. Natural disasters such as spring drought, summer floods, and summer drought occur frequently, and pests and diseases such as leaf spot and corn borer are serious, affecting crop yields.

[0004] 3) Low efficiency of planting methods: Traditional planting methods have low mechanization, high labor input, high pesticide use, and prominent non-point source pollution problems, making it difficult to achieve the production goal of "stabilizing grain and increasing soybean production".

[0005] Currently, although corn-soybean strip intercropping technology has been applied in some areas, there is still a gap in the selection of varieties and the integration of supporting technologies for the special ecological conditions in southern Shaanxi. There is an urgent need to build a planting system that is highly adaptable and has significant benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a corn-soybean strip intercropping method in southern Shaanxi, which achieves increased yields and benefits for both corn and soybeans.

[0007] A method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi Province includes the following steps: S1. Variety Selection and Matching Maize varieties: Select varieties with compact plant type, high yield, high quality, disease resistance, and stress resistance; Soybean varieties: Select varieties with a yield increase of more than 20 kg per mu compared to the control, and whose growth period matches the corn varieties and whose plant type is complementary; S2. Employing fully mechanized operations, a 3.6-meter 3+4 strip corn bean intercropping model is constructed. Three rows of corn and four rows of soybeans form a single planting unit. The total width of the unit planting unit is 3.6m. The row spacing for corn is 60cm, the row spacing for soybeans is 40cm, and the distance between the corn and soybean strips is 60cm.

[0008] In a method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi Province according to the present invention, in step S1, the corn variety is one of Denghai 605, Anke 106, and Dongdan 1331, and the soybean variety is one of Zhonghuang 13, Qindou 2018, and Qihuang 34.

[0009] In a corn-soybean strip intercropping method for southern Shaanxi region according to the present invention, step S2 includes fully mechanized operations such as land preparation, sowing, nutrient regulation, plant protection (chemical control and pest and disease control), and harvesting.

[0010] In a method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi Province according to the present invention, the corn planting spacing is 17cm, the soybean planting spacing is 10cm, the corn planting time is mid-to-late April, and the soybean planting time is mid-to-late June.

[0011] In a method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi Province according to the present invention, the nutrient regulation includes: applying 30 kg of base fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) per mu for corn, and applying 40 kg of urea as top dressing at the large trumpet stage; applying 8 kg of base fertilizer per mu for soybean, and spraying 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves at the initial flowering stage.

[0012] In a method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi Province according to the present invention, the plant protection includes: Weed control: Apply pre-emergence herbicide, such as Jinduer, after sowing; Pest and disease control: A combination of agricultural, physical, and biological control methods will be adopted; Chemical control: Apply growth regulator to corn during the 6-8 leaf stage; apply paclobutrazol to soybeans during the full flowering stage.

[0013] 1) Increased yield and efficiency: Compared with the 2:3 model promoted in the city, corn yield increased by 11 kg / mu, soybean yield increased by 15 kg / mu, efficiency increased by 112 yuan / mu, and overall efficiency increased by 412 yuan / mu.

[0014] 2) Efficient use of resources: By optimizing variety matching and planting patterns, land utilization rate can be increased by 15%-20%, and light energy utilization rate can be increased by 10%-15%.

[0015] 3) Ecological and environmental benefits: The amount of pesticides used is reduced by more than 25%, reducing non-point source pollution and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

[0016] 4) Mechanization and large-scale operation: Full mechanization reduces labor costs, is suitable for large-scale promotion, and provides technical support for food production security. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a field configuration diagram of the 3.6-meter 3+4 strip maize intercropping model in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0019] To achieve increased grain production, higher farmer incomes, and sustainable agricultural development, this invention provides a corn-soybean strip intercropping method suitable for southern Shaanxi. By selecting corn varieties such as Denghai 605 and soybean varieties such as Zhonghuang 13, and adopting a 3:4 strip intercropping model, it integrates technologies such as fully mechanized operations, nutrient regulation, chemical control, and green pest and weed control, thereby increasing corn and soybean yields and improving economic benefits. The specific steps include: S1. Variety Selection and Matching Maize varieties: Select varieties with compact plant type, high yield, high quality, disease resistance, and stress resistance (flood resistance, high temperature resistance). Specifically, select from Baoyu 988, Denghai 605, Dengfeng 668, Zhongyu 5789, ND367, Tianyu 999, Dongdan 1331, Anke 106, Anke 126, Anke 156, and Anke 2083. The requirement is that the yield per mu should be 4-8 kg higher than that of pure maize varieties. The results are shown in Tables 1-3. After yield analysis of the 7 selected varieties in 2023 and 2024, Denghai 605, Anke 106, and Dongdan 1331 were selected.

[0020] Table 1. Summary of Results of the 2023 Maize-Soybean (Zhonghuang 13) Intercropping Trial - Maize

[0021] Table 2 Summary of Results of the 2024 Maize-Soybean (Zhonghuang 13) Intercropping Trial - Maize

[0022] Table 3. Summary of the results of the 2023-24 intercropping trial of maize and soybean (Zhonghuang 13) - Maize

[0023] Soybean varieties: The selection criteria included varieties that increased the yield per mu by more than 20 kg compared to purebred soybean varieties, matched the growth period of corn varieties, and had complementary plant types. Specifically, as shown in Tables 4-6, varieties such as Zhonghuang 13, Qindou 2018, and Qihuang 34 were selected from Qindou 2014, Qindou 2018, Qindou 2017, Qindou 8, Qihuang 34, Zhonghuang 13, 97--2, Nongjiazhong 1, Nongjiazhong 2 (Sichuan), black soybean, and Xiangxing 919.

[0024] Table 4. Summary of Results of the 2023 Maize (Anke 126) Soybean Intercropping Trial - Soybean

[0025] Table 5 Summary of Results of the 2024 Maize (Anke 126) Soybean Intercropping Trial - Soybean

[0026] Table 6 Summary of the results of the 2023-24 Maize (Anke 126) and Soybean Intercropping Trial - Soybean

[0027] S2. Employing fully mechanized operations, a 3.6-meter 3+4 strip corn bean intercropping model is constructed (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (As shown) Sowing: After mechanized land preparation, corn is sown in mid-to-late April using a 1.6-meter-wide 3-row seeder, and soybeans are sown in mid-to-late June using a multi-functional seeder to ensure suitable soil moisture. Three rows of corn and four rows of soybeans form a planting strip unit. Corn adopts "expanded rows and reduced plant height", and soybeans adopt "closed planting with small plant spacing" to improve land utilization and light energy utilization. Specifically, the total width of the planting strip unit is 3.6m, the row spacing of corn is 60cm and the plant spacing is 17cm; the row spacing of soybeans is 40cm and the plant spacing is 10cm; the distance between the corn and soybean strips is 60cm.

[0028] Field management: Nutritional regulation: Apply 30 kg of base fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) per mu for corn, and apply 40 kg of urea as top dressing at the large trumpet stage; apply 8 kg of base fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) per mu for soybeans, and spray 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves at the initial flowering stage.

[0029] Chemical control: Apply growth regulator (ethephon) to corn at the 6-8 leaf stage to control plant height and enhance lodging resistance; apply paclobutrazol to soybeans during the full flowering stage to inhibit excessive growth.

[0030] Pest and disease control: Utilize biodiversity and crop rotation to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Employ closed-loop herbicides (pre-emergence spraying of acetochlor after sowing and post-emergence spraying of acetochlor). Pest and disease control combines agricultural control, physical control (insectic lamps), and biological control (Bt formulations). This reduces pesticide application by more than 25% and the number of applications by 3-4.

[0031] Harvesting: Corn is harvested using a corn harvester, which is 2 meters wide.

[0032] Example Location and time of implementation: From 2022 to 2024, a trial demonstration will be carried out at Xufeng Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative in Gongxing Village, Hanyin County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, with a total area of ​​200 mu, of which 190 mu will be planted by mechanization and 10 mu will be planted for variety selection. Specific implementation steps

[0033] 1) Variety selection: 11 corn varieties and 11 soybean varieties were selected. After 2 years of trials, Denghai 605, Anke 106 and Dongdan 1331 were selected as the preferred corn varieties, and Zhonghuang 13, Qindou 2018 and Qihuang 34 were selected as the preferred soybean varieties.

[0034] 2) Variety Matching Experimental Group 1: The soybean variety used was Zhonghuang 13; the corn variety used was Anke 126. 3) Planting pattern: Mechanized precision sowing is adopted to construct a 3.6-meter 3+4 strip maize intercropping pattern. Corn was planted in mid-to-late April using a 1.6-meter-wide 3-row planter, and soybeans were planted in mid-to-late June using a multi-functional planter. Three rows of corn and four rows of soybeans formed a planting strip unit, with a total width of 3.6 meters. The corn row spacing was 60 cm, the plant spacing was 17 cm, and the density was 4200 plants / mu. The soybean row spacing was 40 cm, the plant spacing was 10 cm, and the density was 13000 plants / mu. The distance between the corn and soybean strips was 60 cm.

[0035] 4) Field management: Corn: Apply 30 kg of base fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) per mu, spray growth regulator (20-30 mL of 30% aminoethyl ethephon aqueous solution per mu diluted with 15-20 kg of water) at the 6-8 leaf stage, and apply 40 kg of urea per mu as top dressing at the large trumpet stage; Soybeans: Apply 8 kg of base fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) per mu, apply 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as a foliar spray at the initial flowering stage, and spray paclobutrazol at the full flowering stage: use 60 g of 15% wettable powder per mu diluted with 50 kg of water. After sowing, spray acetochlor before seedling emergence and spray gindola after seedling emergence to achieve closed weed control. Place 1-2 insecticidal lamps per acre and 1-2 kg of BT formulation per acre. 5) Harvest Corn is generally harvested after maturity, about 50 to 60 days after pollination. The suitable harvesting time for soybeans is usually when the pods are dry, the beans are hardened, and the color turns into a mature golden yellow. Using a combine harvester for harvesting can save 3 laborers per acre and reduce costs by 300 yuan.

[0036] control group The traditional 2:3 model is adopted: the corn intercropping with soybeans adopts the 2:3 model, that is, the corn and soybeans adopt the 2:3 intercropping and planting model. The total width of the unit is 2.3 m, the row spacing of corn is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 18 cm, the strip spacing between soybeans and corn is 65 cm, there are 3 rows of soybeans, the row spacing of soybeans is 30 cm, and the plant spacing is 10 cm.

[0037] By comparing the experimental and control groups, it is evident that the planting model of this invention has the following significant advantages compared to the 2:3 model widely promoted throughout the city: 1) Corn yield increased by 11 kg / mu, soybean yield increased by 15 kg / mu, resulting in an increase in profit of 112 yuan / mu and a total increase in profit of 412 yuan / mu.

[0038] 2) By optimizing variety matching and planting patterns, land utilization rate can be increased by 15%-20%, and light energy utilization rate can be increased by 10%-15%.

[0039] 3) Reduce pesticide application by more than 25%, reduce non-point source pollution, and achieve sustainable agricultural development.

[0040] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for strip intercropping of maize and soybean in southern Shaanxi, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Variety Selection and Matching Maize varieties: Select varieties with compact plant type, high yield, high quality, disease resistance, and stress resistance; Soybean varieties: Select varieties whose yield per mu is more than 20 kg higher than that of pure soybean varieties, and whose growth period matches that of the corn varieties and whose plant type is complementary; S2. Employing fully mechanized operations, a 3.6-meter 3+4 strip corn bean intercropping model is constructed. Three rows of corn and four rows of soybeans form a single planting unit. The total width of the unit planting unit is 3.6m. The row spacing for corn is 60cm, the row spacing for soybeans is 40cm, and the distance between the corn and soybean strips is 60cm.

2. The method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the corn variety is one of Denghai 605, Anke 106, and Dongdan 1331, and the soybean variety is one of Zhonghuang 13, Qindou 2018, and Qihuang 34.

3. A method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the fully mechanized operation includes land preparation, sowing, nutrient regulation, plant protection, and harvesting.

4. A method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The planting spacing for corn is 17cm, and the planting spacing for soybeans is 10cm. The corn is planted in mid-to-late April, and the soybeans are planted in mid-to-late June.

5. A method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The nutrient regulation includes: applying 30 kg of base fertilizer per mu for corn and 40 kg of urea as top dressing during the large trumpet stage; applying 8 kg of base fertilizer per mu for soybeans and 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate as foliar spray during the initial flowering stage.

6. A method for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southern Shaanxi as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plant protection includes: Weed control: Apply acetochlor pre-emergence herbicide after sowing, and apply gindolachlor post-emergence herbicide; Pest and disease control: A combination of agricultural, physical, and biological control methods will be adopted; Chemical control: Apply growth regulator to corn during the 6-8 leaf stage; apply paclobutrazol to soybeans during the full flowering stage.

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