Pineapple peel comprehensive utilization process

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of pineapple peels, and discloses a comprehensive utilization process of pineapple peels, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) crushing and squeezing fresh pineapple peels to obtain pineapple peel juice and pineapple residues; (2) filtering the pineapple peel juice through a vibrating screen to obtain filtered juice; fermenting the pineapple residues to obtain a fermented feed; (3) freezing the filtered juice, clarifying the frozen filtered juice, and adding a coagulant release agent during clarification to obtain clear juice; (4) performing ultrafiltration treatment on the clear juice to obtain clear liquid, and extracting bromelain; and (5) preparing the obtained clear liquid into a functional product. According to the method, waste is turned into wealth, the pineapple peel is produced into bromelain, yeast, yeast extract, pineapple concentrated juice, pineapple residue probiotic feed and other high-quality products with high additional value, environmental protection is achieved, income is created, and the method is an extremely good innovative industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pineapple peel comprehensive utilization technology, specifically involving a comprehensive utilization process for pineapple peel. Background Technology

[0002] Bromelain (EC3.4.22.33) is a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapple plants (including fruit, stems, stalks, and leaves). It has several isoenzymes, and its active site contains a sulfhydryl group (-SH), thus classifying it as a sulfhydryl protease. Bromelain is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, textile, feed, and leather industries. It can break down proteins such as fibrin and hemoglobin, dissolving fibrin and blood clots with minimal side effects, thereby improving fluid circulation, increasing tissue permeability, and leading to the reduction of inflammation and edema. When used in combination with antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs, it can promote drug penetration and diffusion to lesions, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

[0003] The main methods for protein extraction and purification include salting out, isoelectric point precipitation, organic solvent precipitation, tannin (tannic acid) precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and ultrafiltration concentration. The main production processes for bromelain include sulfuric acid precipitation, tannin precipitation, and ultrafiltration. These methods all have their drawbacks: ammonium sulfate precipitation requires large amounts of ammonium sulfate, causing severe environmental pollution; the enzyme obtained by tannin precipitation is poorly soluble in water and has low enzyme activity; ultrafiltration requires large equipment investments, and the viscosity of pineapple juice gradually increases during ultrafiltration concentration, making the ultrafiltration membrane prone to clogging, resulting in a long production cycle and low extraction yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive utilization process for pineapple peels to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A comprehensive utilization process for pineapple peels is as follows:

[0007] (1) Crush and press the fresh pineapple peel to obtain pineapple peel juice and pineapple pulp;

[0008] (2) Filter the pineapple peel juice through a vibrating screen to obtain the filtrate; ferment the pineapple residue to obtain fermented feed;

[0009] (3) Freeze the filtrate, clarify the frozen filtrate, add a coagulant during clarification to obtain clear filtrate;

[0010] (4) The juice was subjected to ultrafiltration to obtain a clear liquid, and bromelain was extracted from it;

[0011] (5) The obtained clear liquid is made into functional products.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the functional product is pineapple concentrate and / or pineapple vinegar beverage.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the functional product is pineapple wine obtained by fermenting the obtained clear liquid.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the functional product is yeast powder and ribonucleic acid obtained by yeast fermentation of the obtained clear liquid.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the fresh pineapple peel is washed before being crushed.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when fermenting pineapple residue, probiotics are used to ferment it to obtain fermented feed.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the clarification of the frozen filtrate is carried out in a clarification tank, and the precipitate generated in the clarification tank is recovered as a low-end enzyme for later use.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, when the juice is subjected to ultrafiltration, a two-stage ultrafiltration is performed to obtain bromelain concentrate. Acid is added to the bromelain concentrate to adjust the pH to acidic. After cooling and standing, a precipitate is formed. Then, after high-speed centrifugation, an enzyme paste is obtained. The enzyme paste is freeze-dried in a vacuum to obtain dried bromelain.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution in this invention, bromelain is packaged to produce a food-grade bromelain product.

[0020] Beneficial effects: This invention can completely eliminate the pineapple peel pollution generated by enterprises on the same day, achieving the effect of protecting the environment. It comprehensively utilizes hundreds of tons of cheap pineapple peels generated by canneries every day into a variety of high-value-added products, turning waste into treasure. It produces a number of high-value-added, high-quality products such as bromelain, yeast, yeast extract, pineapple concentrate, and pineapple residue probiotic feed, which solves environmental protection and generates income at the same time. It is an excellent innovative industry. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the accompanying drawings is only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0023] Pineapple peels are the only raw material used for comprehensive utilization. Before production, raw materials must be strictly screened and inspected to prevent the introduction of rotten or spoiled peels, impurities, and iron peeling tools. Before production, each production section should be checked to ensure the site and equipment are operating normally. During production, follow the steps described in the examples below.

[0024] Example:

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a comprehensive utilization process for pineapple peels, as detailed below:

[0026] (1) The fresh pineapple peel is crushed and pressed. Specifically, the equipment with announcement number CN217435084U, named a new type of juice press for producing pineapple enzyme, can be used to crush and press the pineapple peel to obtain pineapple peel juice and pineapple pulp. Preferably, the fresh pineapple peel can be washed before crushing. When washing the peel, the equipment with announcement number CN114146989A, named a continuous washing and conveying equipment for pineapple peel, can be used.

[0027] (2) Filter the pineapple peel juice through a vibrating screen to obtain filtrate; ferment the pineapple pulp to obtain fermented feed; preferably, probiotic fermentation is used to obtain fermented feed. The pineapple pulp after pressing has a moisture content of 70-80%, a sugar content of over 5 degrees, and is rich in various vitamins and dietary fiber. It is inoculated with various probiotics and fermented to become a palatable and excellent feed for pigs and cattle, promoting livestock health and enhancing immunity. Immediately after the pineapple pulp is produced, it is inoculated with probiotics (powder or liquid) and mixed evenly. It is then aerobically fermented for 48 hours, sealed and packaged after 48 hours, with the inner packaging in fermentation bags and the outer packaging in standard woven bags, thus becoming a high-quality healthy feed for pigs, cattle, and sheep.

[0028] (3) The filtrate is transported to the freezing tank for freezing treatment (the filtrate is transported into the stainless steel coil of the large freezing tank for rapid freezing and then enters the clarification tank, where the temperature is required to be below 8 degrees Celsius). The freezing tank used for freezing is turned on one day in advance to circulate and freeze to 2-3 degrees Celsius, and then frozen. The frozen filtrate is sent to the clarification tank for clarification. During clarification, a coagulant is added to obtain clear juice. The precipitate generated in the clarification tank is recovered as low-end enzyme for later use. At this time, the clarification tank is a primary clarification tank, and the inlet temperature must be below 8 degrees Celsius. The clarification tank itself must have a heat preservation layer. The primary clarification tank liquid must be arranged and installed in a food-grade standard factory building with air conditioning and sterilization equipment. Preferably, an internal circulation pump is installed outside the clarification tank. The inlet of the internal circulation pump is connected to the circulation discharge pipe of the clarification tank, and the outlet of the internal circulation pump is connected to the circulation feed pipe of the clarification tank. The filtrate exiting the circulation feed pipe must flow into the tank in a cutting direction to achieve the best internal circulation effect in the clarification tank, thereby ensuring that the filtrate is fully mixed with the coagulant. The internal circulation pump is started for 3 minutes and then stopped. Then it is left to stand for 4 hours, generally overnight for better results. The next day, the supernatant is taken and transferred to the storage tank in the refining workshop, which requires a standard aseptic workshop layout.

[0029] (4) The juice is subjected to ultrafiltration to obtain a clear liquid and bromelain is extracted; preferably, the juice is subjected to ultrafiltration in a two-stage process to obtain a concentrated bromelain solution. Acid is added to the concentrated bromelain solution to adjust the pH to acidic. After cooling and standing, a precipitate is formed. Then, the precipitate is obtained by high-speed centrifugation. The bromelain solution is freeze-dried in a vacuum to obtain dried bromelain. The bromelain can be packaged as a food-grade bromelain product. In practice, there are two methods for extracting bromelain: ① Using a two-stage ultrafiltration method, the first stage uses 20,000 molecular weight ultrafiltration, and the second stage uses 6,000 molecular weight ultrafiltration to concentrate it 30 times. The pH is adjusted to 3.8-4.0 with acid, the precipitate is centrifuged to obtain the enzyme paste, and then it is dried under vacuum at -35℃ to obtain high-purity, high-activity bromelain of more than 1.2 million units; ② Using a self-developed formula (which has obtained a national invention patent, publication number CN114107265B), CMC is added to precipitate, and the mixture is clarified overnight. The precipitate at the bottom of the tank is collected, centrifuged to obtain a high-purity enzyme paste with an activity of 150-160 activity units, and then freeze-dried under vacuum to obtain high-quality bromelain.

[0030] (5) The obtained clear liquid can be made into functional products. Functional products can be pineapple concentrate and / or pineapple vinegar beverages made directly. For example, it can be directly heated and concentrated into pineapple concentrate through multi-effect or single-effect processes. It can also be pineapple wine obtained by fermentation with yeast strains, or yeast powder and ribonucleic acid obtained by yeast fermentation. For example, the clear liquid obtained by ultrafiltration is sterile and heated to 37°C by heat exchange. Yeast powder and fermentation nutrients are added and it can be put into a fermentation tank. High-pressure sterile air is introduced for aerobic continuous fermentation. The fermented mature liquid is extracted into a storage tank and the yeast can be separated by a yeast centrifuge. Various high-end yeast products can be produced as needed. Ribonucleic acid can also be produced (the clear liquid obtained by precipitation method needs to be sterilized before fermentation). It can be made according to actual needs to achieve full utilization of fresh pineapple peel.

[0031] The clear liquid formed during the production process of bromelain according to this application has the following characteristics: it is clear and transparent, contains no preservatives, is free of impurities, and its sugar content and acidity remain unchanged. It is even sterile (but contains bacteria in the precipitation method), making it the best culture medium for yeast fermentation (pH 3.8-4.0, sugar content 5-13 degrees). It can also be directly concentrated to produce pineapple concentrate.

[0032] This invention can completely eliminate pineapple peel pollution generated by enterprises on the same day, achieving the effect of environmental protection. It comprehensively utilizes hundreds of tons of cheap pineapple peels produced by canneries every day into a variety of high-value-added products, turning waste into treasure. It produces a number of high-value-added, high-quality products such as bromelain, yeast, yeast extract, pineapple concentrate, and pineapple residue probiotic feed, which solves both environmental protection and revenue generation, making it an excellent innovative industry.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive utilization process for pineapple peel, characterized in that, The details are as follows: (1) Crush and press the fresh pineapple peel to obtain pineapple peel juice and pineapple pulp; (2) Filter the pineapple peel juice through a vibrating screen to obtain the filtrate; ferment the pineapple residue to obtain fermented feed; (3) Freeze the filtrate, clarify the frozen filtrate, add a coagulant during clarification to obtain clear filtrate; (4) The juice was subjected to ultrafiltration to obtain a clear liquid, and bromelain was extracted from it; (5) The obtained clear liquid is made into functional products.

2. The comprehensive utilization process of pineapple peel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional products are pineapple concentrate and / or pineapple vinegar beverages.

3. The comprehensive utilization process of pineapple peel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional product is pineapple wine obtained by fermenting the clear liquid.

4. The comprehensive utilization process of pineapple peel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional products are yeast powder and ribonucleic acid obtained by fermenting the obtained liquid with yeast.

5. The comprehensive utilization process of pineapple peel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before crushing, the fresh pineapple peel is washed.

6. The comprehensive utilization process of pineapple peel according to claim 1, characterized in that, When fermenting pineapple residue, probiotics are used to produce fermented feed.

7. The comprehensive utilization process of pineapple peel according to claim 1, characterized in that, When clarifying the frozen filtrate, it is done in a clarification tank. The precipitate produced in the clarification tank is recycled as a low-end enzyme for later use.

8. The comprehensive utilization process of pineapple peel according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the juice is subjected to ultrafiltration, a two-stage ultrafiltration process is performed to obtain bromelain concentrate. Acid is added to the bromelain concentrate to adjust the pH to acidic. After cooling and standing, a precipitate is formed. Then, the precipitate is obtained by high-speed centrifugation. The bromelain is then freeze-dried in a vacuum to obtain dried bromelain.

9. A comprehensive utilization process for pineapple peel according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that, Bromelain is packaged to produce a food-grade bromelain product.

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