Method and system for coal mine underground roadway air defogging

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mine underground roadway air defogging method and system, the method comprises the steps of air cooling, air heating and air exhausting, humid air is cooled to be below the dew point temperature through a low-temperature heat exchange device, water vapor is separated out, and then the humid air is heated through a high-temperature heat exchange device to recover to the normal working temperature of a roadway; and finally discharging through a fan and a filtering device. The system comprises a low-temperature heat exchange device, a high-temperature heat exchange device, a compressor, a throttle valve, a fan, a filter device, a control device and a remote controller which form a closed refrigeration cycle system. By combining refrigeration dehumidification and heating temperature returning, efficient demisting of damp air in a roadway is achieved, dust is effectively removed through the filtering device, and secondary haze is prevented. The system can automatically adjust operation parameters according to the humidity of the roadway, has the advantages of being energy-saving, efficient, high in adaptability and the like, remarkably improves the underground operation environment, and improves the production safety and the health level of miners.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety ventilation technology, specifically to a method and system for defogging air in underground coal mine roadways, applicable to scenarios involving dust control, humidity regulation, and air purification in coal mine roadways. Background Technology

[0002] As the core operating area of ​​coal mining, the air quality in underground mine roadways directly affects production safety and miners' health. However, due to geological conditions, mining activities, and ventilation systems, the air in underground roadways often exhibits high humidity and high dust levels. Water vapor in the air mainly originates from seepage from surrounding rock, moisture generated during blasting operations, and external humid air introduced by the ventilation system. Simultaneously, coal crushing, rock drilling, and transportation processes generate a large amount of fine dust, mostly with a particle size below 10μm. In high-temperature and high-humidity environments (temperatures typically 20-35℃, relative humidity exceeding 90%), this water vapor and dust readily combine to form water mist or smog, significantly reducing visibility in the roadways. In actual production, visibility can drop to 1-2 meters when smog is severe, far below the 5-meter standard required by the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations," seriously affecting workers' vision, increasing safety risks such as equipment collisions and disorientation, and potentially even triggering major accidents such as gas explosions or transportation accidents.

[0003] Currently, air pollution control in coal mines mainly relies on technologies such as spray dust suppression, ventilation pressurization, and mechanical dust removal. However, these methods have significant limitations in defogging. Spray dust suppression uses high-pressure water mist to settle dust, but the spraying process further increases air humidity, exacerbating water mist formation and creating a pollution control paradox. Ventilation pressurization equipment dilutes pollutant concentration by increasing airflow, but is limited by tunnel length, curvature, and duct layout, resulting in uneven air velocity distribution and difficulty in fully covering complex tunnels. Furthermore, its effect on removing water vapor is minimal. Mechanical dust collectors, such as bag filters or cyclone dust collectors, can capture some larger dust particles, but their removal efficiency for fine dust (particle size <5μm) is low, and they cannot solve the problem of high air humidity, causing dust to resuspend in the moist air, leading to recurring smog problems. In addition, some underground dehumidification attempts have borrowed from civilian air conditioning technology to reduce air humidity through cooling dehumidification, but conventional air conditioning equipment is difficult to adapt to the high dust, high humidity, and explosion-proof requirements of underground environments. Dust can easily clog heat exchangers, leading to decreased efficiency or equipment failure; refrigerant leaks may also cause safety hazards; at the same time, underground power resources are limited, and traditional dehumidification equipment has high energy consumption and is difficult to operate continuously.

[0004] Further analysis reveals that the core problem with existing technologies lies in the separation of dehumidification and dust removal processes, lacking a synergistic mechanism, and thus failing to fundamentally solve the technical challenge of water vapor combining with dust to form smog. Furthermore, existing equipment is mostly fixed in design, making it difficult to adapt to the dynamic environment of underground roadways with varying layouts and large humidity fluctuations. For example, localized water inrushes or blasting operations in the roadways can cause a sudden increase in humidity, which existing systems struggle to respond to quickly. Existing methods also suffer from complex maintenance, high energy consumption, and poor adaptability; especially in small and medium-sized coal mines, equipment and operating costs become bottlenecks for widespread adoption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem of water vapor and dust combining in humid air to form smog, and to provide a method and system for defogging air in underground coal mine roadways.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for demisting air in underground coal mine roadways includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Air cooling: The humid air in the tunnel is cooled by passing through a low-temperature heat exchange device in sequence to remove water vapor from the air and reduce the air humidity.

[0009] S2. Air heating: The cooled air is heated by passing it through a high-temperature heat exchanger to restore the air temperature to the normal operating temperature of the underground roadway.

[0010] S3. Air exhaust: The treated air is exhausted to the rear of the tunnel through a fan and filter device;

[0011] The low-temperature heat exchanger and the high-temperature heat exchanger, together with the compressor and the throttling valve, form a refrigeration cycle system. The refrigeration cycle system is filled with refrigerant to achieve the recycling of the refrigerant and to continuously perform air demisting.

[0012] Furthermore, the air cooling step in S1 is as follows: humid air enters the low-temperature heat exchange device at a preset flow rate. Under the evaporation of the refrigerant, the air temperature drops rapidly to below the dew point temperature, thereby causing water vapor to condense into liquid water and precipitate out, reducing the relative humidity of the air.

[0013] Furthermore, the air heating step in S2 is as follows: the cooled air enters the high-temperature heat exchange device, and under the heat release effect of refrigerant condensation, the air temperature rises to within ±5℃ of the ambient temperature of the underground roadway, while recovering some of the condensation heat to improve system energy efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, before step S1, a filtration device is used to remove residual fine dust particles from the air to prevent dust from combining with residual moisture to form secondary smog.

[0015] Furthermore, the operating parameters of the refrigeration cycle system are monitored and adjusted in real time by a control device. These operating parameters include compressor speed, throttle valve opening, and refrigerant flow rate, in order to optimize the demisting efficiency based on real-time humidity sensor data from the tunnel.

[0016] Furthermore, the operating mode of the refrigeration cycle system can be set via a remote control device, including continuous operation mode, intermittent operation mode, or automatic trigger mode, and it will automatically start when the air humidity exceeds a preset threshold.

[0017] Furthermore, step S1 also includes collecting the precipitated liquid water after air cooling and draining it outside the system through a drain pipe to prevent water accumulation from affecting subsequent heating and drainage processes.

[0018] A system for demisting air in underground coal mine roadways includes a low-temperature heat exchange device, a high-temperature heat exchange device, a compressor, a throttle valve, a fan, a filter device, a control device, a refrigerant circulation pipeline, and a remote controller; the low-temperature heat exchange device and the high-temperature heat exchange device are connected to the compressor and the throttle valve through the refrigerant circulation pipeline to form a closed refrigeration cycle system, and the refrigeration cycle system is filled with refrigerant;

[0019] The fan is located downstream of the high-temperature heat exchanger and is used to discharge the treated air; the filter devices are located upstream of the low-temperature heat exchanger and downstream of the high-temperature heat exchanger and are used to remove residual fine dust particles in the air; the control device is connected to the compressor, the throttle valve and the fan and is used to adjust the system operating parameters; the remote control is wirelessly connected to the control device and is used to remotely set the defogging mode.

[0020] Furthermore, the low-temperature heat exchange device is an evaporator, and the high-temperature heat exchange device is a condenser; the evaporator adopts a finned tube structure to enhance the heat exchange efficiency between air and refrigerant; the condenser adopts a microchannel plate structure to improve heat recovery rate and reduce system volume.

[0021] Furthermore, the filtration device is a high-efficiency particulate air filter, with a primary dust removal screen installed upstream of it.

[0022] Furthermore, the control device integrates humidity, temperature, and pressure sensors to monitor air parameters in the tunnel in real time and automatically adjust the compressor power and fan speed according to a preset algorithm to achieve dynamic optimization of the defogging effect.

[0023] Furthermore, the system adopts an integrated design structure or a split design structure; the integrated design structure encapsulates all components in a waterproof and explosion-proof shell, facilitating mobile installation in tunnels; the split design structure separates the low-temperature heat exchange device and the high-temperature heat exchange device to adapt to different tunnel layouts.

[0024] Furthermore, the remote control includes a multi-parameter setting module for setting the refrigerant circulation frequency, air flow rate threshold, and fault alarm function.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes an auxiliary heating module, located downstream of the high-temperature heat exchange device, which is activated when the ambient temperature is too low to ensure that the temperature of the discharged air is not lower than the downhole safety threshold.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] The present invention provides a method and system for defogging air in underground coal mine roadways, which has significant advantages and many beneficial effects compared with the prior art. It can fundamentally solve the haze problem caused by high humidity and high dust environment in underground coal mine roadways, and provide strong protection for safe production and miners' health.

[0028] 1. Highly efficient dehumidification and defogging, significantly improving visibility:

[0029] This invention achieves highly efficient dehumidification of tunnel air by cleverly combining a refrigeration cycle system. First, in a low-temperature heat exchanger (evaporator), humid air is cooled below its dew point temperature, causing a large amount of water vapor in the air to condense into liquid water, which is then collected and discharged. This process significantly reduces the relative humidity of the air, reducing the basis for fog formation at its source. Subsequently, the cooled air is heated by a high-temperature heat exchanger (condenser) to restore it to a suitable operating temperature for the tunnel. During this process, the heat released by the refrigerant condensation is effectively recovered and used to heat the air, improving system energy efficiency. This strategy of "cooling and dehumidifying first, then heating and discharging" effectively removes most of the water vapor from the air, thereby significantly reducing smog concentration and improving tunnel visibility, far exceeding the visibility requirements of the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations," and greatly reducing safety risks such as collisions and disorientation caused by poor visibility.

[0030] 2. Collaborative dust removal to solve secondary pollution problems:

[0031] This invention recognizes that dust is one of the key factors in the formation of smog. During the cooling process of a low-temperature heat exchanger, increased humidity makes dust particles more prone to agglomeration, but improper handling can also lead to the suspension of some fine dust particles. Therefore, this invention installs a primary dust filter upstream of the low-temperature heat exchanger and adds high-efficiency filters downstream of the low-temperature heat exchanger and before the high-temperature heat exchanger (or integrated with the low-temperature heat exchanger), effectively capturing fine dust particles in the air. These filters remove dust while dehumidifying, preventing secondary agglomeration or suspension of dust in a humid environment and preventing the recurrence of smog. Compared to traditional methods that rely solely on spraying or mechanical dust removal, this invention achieves a synergistic effect of dehumidification and dust removal, forming an integrated air treatment solution.

[0032] 3. Energy-saving and environmentally friendly, with low operating costs:

[0033] Traditional dehumidification methods, such as air conditioning, are energy-intensive and unsuitable for underground environments. This invention utilizes heat recovery technology to reheat the treated air using the condensation heat generated during the refrigeration process, maximizing energy recovery and significantly reducing overall energy consumption. Simultaneously, the closed-loop circulation of the refrigerant prevents leakage and loss, meeting environmental protection requirements. Furthermore, the system can automatically adjust its operating mode (e.g., intermittent operation or automatic triggering mode) based on the humidity of the tunnel, avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

[0034] 4. Highly intelligent and adaptable, easy to maintain:

[0035] This invention is equipped with an advanced control device that integrates multiple sensors, enabling real-time monitoring of key parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pressure within the tunnel. Through preset algorithms, the system dynamically optimizes operating parameters (such as compressor speed and fan velocity) to ensure optimal demisting performance under various operating conditions. The remote control device allows operators to easily monitor and adjust parameters remotely, improving the system's intelligence and ease of operation. The option of an integrated or separate design allows for flexible adaptation to different tunnel layouts and space constraints. The high-efficiency particulate air filter design also simplifies daily maintenance.

[0036] 5. Safe and reliable, adaptable to harsh underground environments:

[0037] This invention takes into account the special characteristics of underground operations, and the equipment can be designed with a waterproof and explosion-proof shell to meet explosion-proof safety requirements. The auxiliary heating module ensures that even in low ambient temperatures, the exhaust air temperature meets safety standards, avoiding the impact of cold air on the equipment and personnel.

[0038] In summary, this invention achieves multi-dimensional purification of air in underground coal mine roadways by integrating advanced refrigeration and dehumidification technology, efficient dust removal technology, and intelligent control technology. Its highly efficient demisting capability, synergistic dust removal effect, excellent energy efficiency, strong adaptability and intelligent level, as well as high safety, effectively solve the shortcomings of existing technologies and have broad application prospects and significant economic and social benefits.

[0039] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a method for demisting air in underground coal mine roadways, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of a device for demisting air in underground coal mine roadways, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Reference numerals: 1-Evaporator; 2-Condenser; 3-Compressor; 4-Fan; 5-Water tank; 6-Filter device. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0045] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0046] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a method for demisting air in underground coal mine roadways, provided in this embodiment. The method includes the following steps:

[0049] First, humid air (initial humidity 85%, temperature 28°C) from the underground coal mine roadway is introduced into the evaporator 1 (low-temperature heat exchange device) through ventilation airflow. The evaporator 1 is filled with refrigerant (such as R134a). Under the action of the compressor 3, the refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. After being depressurized by a throttling valve (not shown), it evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator 1, causing the air temperature to drop rapidly to 15°C (below the dew point temperature). At this time, water vapor in the air condenses into liquid water, which is collected in the water tank 5 through a drain pipe. The relative humidity of the air is reduced to below 50%, a reduction of at least 30%. The precipitated water is stored in the water tank 5 and can be periodically discharged from the system to prevent water accumulation from affecting subsequent processing.

[0050] Subsequently, the cooled, dry air enters condenser 2 (a high-temperature heat exchange device). The refrigerant condenses and releases heat in condenser 2, transferring this heat to the air and rapidly raising its temperature to 25°C (within ±5°C of the normal operating temperature in underground roadways). This heating process recovers some of the condensation heat, improving the system's energy efficiency ratio (COP value exceeding 3.0). The treated air is then drawn by fan 4 at a preset airflow speed (2 m / s) through a filter to remove residual fine dust (HEPA filtration accuracy, capturing particles larger than 5 μm in diameter).

[0051] Finally, the clean, dry air is discharged to the rear of the tunnel, with a processing volume of approximately 500 cubic meters per hour. 3 At this point, air humidity decreases, dust concentration decreases by at least 50%, preventing smog formation and increasing visibility to over 8 meters. This method is suitable for tunnel environments with wind speeds of 0.5-5 m / s. A control device (not shown) monitors humidity sensor data in real time and automatically adjusts the compressor speed and throttle valve opening to achieve optimized operation.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] like Figure 2 The diagram shown illustrates the structural principle of an air demisting device for underground coal mine roadways provided in this embodiment. The system employs an integrated design, with all components encapsulated within a waterproof and explosion-proof housing (IP67 rating), facilitating easy relocation and installation within the roadway. The main components include: an evaporator 1 (finned tube structure, enhancing air-refrigerant heat exchange efficiency), a condenser 2 (microchannel plate structure, improving heat recovery rate and reducing volume), a compressor 3 (frequency converter control, 1.5kW power), a fan 4 (axial flow type, adjustable airflow), a water tank 5 (10L capacity, with an automatic drain pump for water discharge), and a filter device 6 (HEPA high-efficiency filter, with a pre-filter upstream, removable and replaceable).

[0054] The system operates as follows: Moist air from the tunnel enters evaporator 1. Refrigerant, pressurized by compressor 3, travels through pipelines (refrigerant charging circulation) to condenser 2 for condensation. It then passes through a throttling valve (not shown) to reduce pressure before evaporating back into evaporator 1, forming a closed refrigeration cycle. After evaporation and cooling, the air flows through condenser 2 for heating and recovery, then is pressurized by fan 4 and passes through filter 6 for dust removal. Water tank 5 is connected to the bottom of evaporator 1 to collect condensate. The control device integrates humidity, temperature, and pressure sensors, connected to compressor 3, fan 4, and throttling valve. It dynamically adjusts parameters according to a preset algorithm (such as PID control), for example, automatically starting when humidity exceeds an 80% threshold. A remote control (wireless communication distance ≥50m) allows operators to set the operating mode (continuous, intermittent, or automatic trigger) and monitor fault alarms.

[0055] Field tests showed that the system operated in a 100-meter-long tunnel with a total power consumption of 2kW and a refrigerant circulation frequency of up to 5 times per minute. The demisting effect was significant: initial dust concentration 200mg / m³. 3 Reduced to 80 mg / m 3 Below, humidity decreased from 90% to 55%, and visibility increased from 2 meters to 7 meters. System maintenance is simple; filter 6 needs to be replaced every 500 hours, and water tank 5 needs to be drained daily.

[0056] Example 3:

[0057] In this embodiment, the system of the present invention adopts a split design to adapt to complex tunnel layouts. Its structural principle is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, evaporator 1 is placed at the source of moisture (such as a water inrush area), and condenser 2 and fan 4 are located 50 meters downstream. They are connected to compressor 3 and throttle valve via an extension pipeline (pressure-resistant and explosion-proof material). An auxiliary heating module (resistance heating, 500W power) is added and located downstream of condenser 2. It is activated when the ambient temperature is below 20°C to ensure that the exhaust air temperature is not lower than the downhole safety threshold (18°C).

[0058] The method is similar to that of Example 1, but with the addition of a remote drainage function for water tank 5: the precipitated water is pumped to the collection well. The control device supports multi-unit linkage; when the humidity gradient in the tunnel is large, multiple evaporator units can be connected in parallel. Test results: In a curved tunnel (wind speed 1 m / s), the system processing efficiency reaches 400 m³ / s. 3 / h, with a demisting rate of over 95%. This variant broadens the application range, making it suitable for large coal mines and preventing a single failure from affecting overall operation.

[0059] The above embodiments, through the synergistic effect of refrigeration cycle and heat exchange, solve the smog problem caused by high humidity and high dust levels in underground coal mines, achieving integrated defogging and dust removal. In practical applications, the component size and refrigerant type can be adjusted according to the roadway parameters to further optimize performance.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for demisting air in underground coal mine roadways, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Air cooling: The humid air in the tunnel is cooled by passing through a low-temperature heat exchange device in sequence to remove water vapor from the air and reduce the air humidity. S2. Air heating: The cooled air is heated by passing it through a high-temperature heat exchange device to restore the air temperature to the normal operating temperature of the underground roadway. S3. Air exhaust: The treated air is exhausted to the rear of the tunnel through a fan and filter device; The low-temperature heat exchanger and the high-temperature heat exchanger, together with the compressor and the throttling valve, form a refrigeration cycle system. The refrigeration cycle system is filled with refrigerant to achieve the recycling of the refrigerant and to continuously perform air demisting.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air cooling step in S1 is as follows: humid air enters the low-temperature heat exchange device at a preset flow rate. Under the evaporation of the refrigerant, the air temperature drops rapidly to below the dew point temperature, thereby causing water vapor to condense into liquid water and be released, reducing the relative humidity of the air.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air heating process in S2 is as follows: After cooling, the air enters the high-temperature heat exchange device. Under the heat release effect of refrigerant condensation, the air temperature rises to within ±5℃ of the ambient temperature of the underground roadway. At the same time, some of the condensation heat is recovered to improve the system energy efficiency.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes removing residual fine dust particles from the air through a filtration device before step S1 to prevent dust from combining with residual moisture to form secondary smog.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating parameters of the refrigeration cycle system are monitored and adjusted in real time by a control device. These parameters include compressor speed, throttle valve opening, and refrigerant flow rate, in order to optimize the demisting efficiency based on real-time humidity sensor data from the tunnel.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating mode of the refrigeration cycle system can be set via a remote control, including continuous operation mode, intermittent operation mode, or automatic trigger mode. It will automatically start when the air humidity exceeds a preset threshold.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 also includes collecting the precipitated liquid water after air cooling and draining it outside the system through a drain pipe to prevent water accumulation from affecting subsequent heating and drainage processes.

8. A system for demisting air in underground coal mine roadways, characterized in that, It includes a low-temperature heat exchange device, a high-temperature heat exchange device, a compressor, a throttle valve, a fan, a filter device, a control device, a refrigerant circulation pipeline, and a remote control; the low-temperature heat exchange device and the high-temperature heat exchange device are connected to the compressor and the throttle valve through the refrigerant circulation pipeline to form a closed refrigeration cycle system, and the refrigeration cycle system is filled with refrigerant; The fan is located downstream of the high-temperature heat exchange device and is used to discharge the treated air. The filtration devices are respectively installed upstream of the low-temperature heat exchange device and downstream of the high-temperature heat exchange device to remove residual fine dust particles in the air. The control device is connected to the compressor, throttle valve and fan, and is used to adjust the system operating parameters; the remote control is wirelessly connected to the control device and is used to remotely set the defogging conditions.

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The low-temperature heat exchange device is an evaporator, and the high-temperature heat exchange device is a condenser; the evaporator adopts a finned tube structure to enhance the heat exchange efficiency between air and refrigerant; the condenser adopts a microchannel plate structure to improve heat recovery rate and reduce system volume.

10. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The filtration device is a high-efficiency particulate air filter, with a primary dust removal screen installed upstream of it.

11. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control device integrates humidity, temperature and pressure sensors to monitor air parameters in the tunnel in real time and automatically adjusts compressor power and fan speed according to a preset algorithm to achieve dynamic optimization of the defogging effect.

12. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The system adopts an integrated design structure or a split design structure; the integrated design structure encapsulates all components in a waterproof and explosion-proof shell, which facilitates mobile installation in tunnels; the split design structure separates the low-temperature heat exchange device and the high-temperature heat exchange device to adapt to different tunnel layouts.

13. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The remote control includes a multi-parameter setting module for setting the refrigerant circulation frequency, air flow rate threshold, and fault alarm function.

14. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes an auxiliary heating module, located downstream of the high-temperature heat exchange device, which is activated when the ambient temperature is too low to ensure that the temperature of the discharged air is not lower than the downhole safety threshold.

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