Stable control system and method for solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source

Abstract

The invention provides a stable control system of a solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source, and belongs to the field of quantum precision measurement, and the stable control system comprises a data acquisition module which is used for detecting feedback signals of the pump light source in real time, including power, driving current, temperature and a magnetic field; the control unit is used for weighting and fusing the feedback signals, optimizing weighting parameters of the feedback signals by taking the minimum output noise of the pump light source as a target, determining fusion control parameters and inputting the fusion control parameters into the self-adaptive PID controller, and the self-adaptive PID controller outputs control signals; the current driving module is used for adjusting the driving current of the pump light source according to the control signal; the invention further provides a stability control method. A closed-loop multi-stage composite feedback control system of current, temperature, light intensity and a magnetic field is established, fusion control parameters are formed through weighted fusion, and a self-adaptive PID controller outputs control signals according to the deviation between the fusion control parameters and a set value and is used for adjusting output current; and the influence of external disturbance on light source performance is effectively suppressed and compensated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum precision measurement technology, and in particular to a stable control system and method for a pump light source of a solid-state spin ensemble sensor. Background Technology

[0002] The pump source is the core device in solid-state spin ensemble sensors for quantum state initialization and readout. Its output stability directly determines the system's measurement signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, and long-term operational reliability. Current photoelectric feedback stabilization technologies for integrated coherent light sources mainly rely on feedback adjustment of a single physical quantity. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN112397985A, "A Pump Laser Driving Stabilization System," controls the driving current and on / off state of the constant current driving circuit by setting up a voltage comparison circuit and a switch protection circuit, providing the hardware conditions for short-term stable operation of the pump laser. However, the feedback compensation adjustment of the pump laser's driving current in this system is based solely on the single optical power detection result. This control method cannot simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of solid-state spin systems for the stability of the pump source's output frequency, output amplitude, and driving current, becoming a significant factor restricting system performance improvement.

[0003] In terms of feedback control methods, traditional PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control is widely used in various light source stabilization technologies. However, although the PID method can achieve stable feedback regulation of a single physical quantity (such as temperature or drive current) of the light source output, its control parameters are highly dependent on modeling and empirical tuning within the local parameter space, making it difficult to cope with the significant drift of the light source's dynamic characteristics under complex external conditions such as wide temperature ranges. Therefore, in the actual operation of the sensor light source, the preset PID parameters in the system often become less effective or even ineffective, leading to oscillations or stability collapse. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in application environments with wide temperature ranges and severe external disturbances. Therefore, existing PID control strategies have obvious limitations under actual complex environmental conditions.

[0004] In terms of drive circuit design, traditional operational amplifier field-effect transistor (MOSFET) current drive circuits, represented by the Hall-Libbrecht configuration, are widely used for laser diode driving, such as... Figure 1As shown, this circuit configuration can achieve stable light source output under low noise and linear constant current conditions. Precise linear control of the MOSFET is achieved by feeding back a high-precision voltage reference and sampling resistor to the operational amplifier. However, this configuration has significant limitations in quantum precision measurement applications: First, because this configuration is directly built on the current feedback loop, the overall system bandwidth is significantly limited by the response speed of the operational amplifier, the linear operating region stability of the MOSFET, and parasitic parameters in the circuit (such as parasitic inductance and resistance), resulting in insufficient high-frequency noise suppression. Second, the scalability of this configuration is also limited by the technical principles. In a circuit configuration based on single-parameter current stability, introducing additional PID control parameters for the light source easily leads to interference and conflicts between feedback loops, greatly limiting the scalability of the system in quantum precision measurement experiments. This technical problem is particularly prominent in broadband magnetic measurement systems based on spin ensemble architectures, severely affecting the system's stability.

[0005] Meanwhile, traditional light source driving technologies often overlook the impact of the fundamental physical effect of electromagnetism on spin quantum systems. The driving current of the circuit introduces weak but not negligible magnetic field disturbances into the surrounding space. Spin systems are extremely sensitive to even slight changes in magnetic fields. Therefore, the magnetic field noise induced by the driving current becomes a significant noise source affecting the sensitivity and stability of magnetic measurements. If adjustment is made solely through feedback of current or temperature, it is impossible to effectively suppress the minute magnetic field drift caused by the current, thus creating a hidden noise bottleneck in high-sensitivity magnetic measurement applications. Therefore, implementing additional feedback stabilization adjustment for the magnetic field disturbances caused by the current has become an indispensable new requirement for improving the overall performance of the system. For example, the Chinese invention patent application CN115128517A, "A Triaxial Geomagnetic Vector Magnetometer Based on a Single Light Source," achieves the function of eliminating external magnetic fields by controlling the compensation magnetic field of the triaxial coil, but it does not use the magnetic field at the pump laser source for feedback control of the light source itself.

[0006] Temperature drift significantly impacts light source performance, posing a substantial technical challenge. Studies show that parameters such as spontaneous emission noise, output power, and center emission wavelength of laser diodes and light-emitting diodes are significantly correlated with operating temperature. When ambient temperature drifts, output parameters like luminous flux and peak wavelength exhibit a non-linear dependence on temperature, reducing pump light coherence and power stability, introducing unbalanced circuit noise into the driving circuit, and consequently decreasing quantum state preparation efficiency and measurement sensitivity. This temperature-induced performance degradation is particularly pronounced in wide-temperature-range operation, and has become one of the core technical bottlenecks limiting the sensitivity and long-term stability of solid-state spin ensemble sensors. The aforementioned Chinese invention patent application (CN112397985A) incorporates an internal isothermal stabilization circuit and an external stabilization circuit to maintain stable operating conditions for the pump laser and its stabilizing grating. However, the temperature feedback is only used to input the temperature control system to stabilize the pump laser temperature, not for feedback control of the light source itself. Therefore, this system still suffers from temperature-induced performance degradation across a wide temperature range.

[0007] In summary, the existing technologies mainly suffer from the following problems: (1) Traditional single-parameter control methods are limited in capability and cannot simultaneously guarantee the multi-parameter stability requirements of solid-state spin ensemble sensor light sources; (2) The parameter applicability of PID control methods is insufficient, and they are prone to failure under wide temperature ranges or environmental disturbances; (3) The high-frequency noise suppression capability of the mainstream light source driving circuit is insufficient, which seriously affects the high bandwidth performance of the system; (4) Magnetic interference caused by current in the driving circuit has not been taken into account and cannot be effectively compensated by feedback, becoming a hidden noise source in spin system measurement; (5) The temperature drift phenomenon is significant, which limits the long-term stability and measurement sensitivity of the system. The existence of these problems seriously restricts the performance improvement of solid-state spin ensemble magnetic measurement systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method of pump light source composite stability control that can simultaneously take into account the multi-physical quantity coordinated control of the magnetic field, has high-frequency dynamic response, anti-noise interference capability, and adapts to wide temperature range operation, so as to support the development of solid-state spin ensemble sensor systems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to improve the output stability of the pump light source.

[0009] This invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution: a stable control system for a solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source, the system comprising:

[0010] The data acquisition module is used to detect the feedback signals of the pump light source in real time, including power, drive current, temperature and magnetic field;

[0011] The control unit is used to weight and fuse the feedback signals, optimize the weighting parameters of each feedback signal with the goal of minimizing the output noise of the pump light source, determine the fusion control parameters, input the fusion control parameters into the adaptive PID controller, and the adaptive PID controller outputs the control signal.

[0012] The current drive module is used to adjust the pump light source drive current according to the control signal.

[0013] Beneficial Effects: This invention establishes a closed-loop multi-level composite feedback control system for four parameters: light source driving current, temperature, light intensity, and magnetic field. The feedback signals of each physical quantity are weighted and fused to form a unified fused control parameter. This fused control parameter is input to an adaptive PID controller. The adaptive PID controller outputs a control signal based on the deviation between the fused control parameter and the set value. This control signal is sent to the current driving circuit of the pump light source to adjust the output current of the current driving circuit. This effectively suppresses and compensates for the influence of external disturbances on the light source performance. Specifically, light intensity feedback is used to monitor output power changes in real time to ensure stable pumping efficiency; temperature feedback is used to compensate for device thermal drift caused by environmental changes, maintaining stable emission wavelength and output power; current feedback is used to stabilize the driving current and reduce light source noise; and magnetic field feedback is used to sense and compensate for minor magnetic field interference introduced by changes in the driving current in real time. This achieves precise multi-parameter control of the light source output characteristics and effective suppression of environmental interference, ensuring the consistency of quantum state readout and measurement sensitivity. Therefore, it significantly improves the comprehensive performance and environmental adaptability of solid-state spin ensemble sensors in high-sensitivity magnetic measurement applications.

[0014] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes an optical power monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, and a magnetic field monitoring module. The optical power monitoring module includes a photodetector and a transimpedance amplifier. The input terminal of the photodetector is connected to the pump light source to detect the light intensity of the pump light source in real time. The power of the pump light source is processed by the transimpedance amplifier and then output as power. The temperature monitoring module includes multiple temperature sensors, which are distributed at the locations of the pump light source, the heat sink, and the TEC module. The magnetic field monitoring module includes a magnetic sensor and a low-noise amplifier. The magnetic sensor is located at the pump light source and is used to detect the local magnetic field change signal caused by the driving current in real time. This signal is processed by the low-noise amplifier to obtain the magnetic field signal.

[0015] Preferably, the calculation method for the fusion control parameter F is as follows:

[0016] F = a × P + b × T + c × I + d × B

[0017] Where P, T, I, and B are the power, temperature, driving current, and magnetic field of the pump source, respectively, and a, b, c, and d are the weighted parameters of the power, temperature, driving current, and magnetic field of the pump source, respectively.

[0018] Preferably, the control unit further includes a judgment module, which is used to judge whether the power, drive current, temperature and magnetic field exceed the set threshold respectively. If any feedback signal exceeds the set threshold, an abnormality is judged and a switch control signal is output to turn off the switch in the current drive module. When none of the four feedback signals exceed the set threshold, the four feedback signals are weighted and fused.

[0019] Preferably, the current drive module includes a first instrumentation amplifier, a second instrumentation amplifier, a switching transistor, and a sampling resistor. The first input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the control unit, the second input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the second instrumentation amplifier, the output terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor, the first terminal of the switching transistor is connected in series with the pump light source and then connected to the input power supply, the second terminal of the switching transistor is connected in series with the sampling resistor and then grounded, the two ends of the sampling resistor are respectively connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the second instrumentation amplifier, and the two ends of the sampling resistor are connected to the control unit.

[0020] Preferably, the system further includes a DC-DC module, a first LDO module, a first filter module, a second LDO module, and a third LDO module. The input terminals of the DC-DC module, the first LDO module, the second LDO module, and the third LDO module are respectively connected to the input power supply. The output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected in series with the first LDO module and then connected to the first filter module. The output terminal of the first filter module is connected to the first end of the pump light source. The second end of the pump light source is connected to the first end of the switching transistor. The output terminal of the first LDO module is connected in series with the second filter module and then connected to the third input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier. The output terminal of the third LDO module is connected to the input terminal of the control unit.

[0021] Beneficial effects: By innovating the configuration of the light source driving circuit, redesigning the constant current circuit based on the Cascode amplifier circuit, using a temperature-compensated sampling resistor, and adopting active noise reduction technology, the current stability and low noise characteristics have been improved.

[0022] Preferably, the system also includes:

[0023] The temperature control module includes a TEC module, a heat dissipation structure, and a first PID controller. The first PID controller is connected to the temperature monitoring module and outputs a temperature control signal according to the temperature of the pump light source and sends it to the TEC module. The TEC module adjusts the heat dissipation structure according to the temperature control signal to regulate the temperature at the pump light source.

[0024] The magnetic field compensation module includes an auxiliary compensation current source and a second PID controller. The magnetic field of the pump light source is input to the second PID controller. The second PID controller is connected to a magnetic sensor. Based on the magnetic field of the pump light source, the second PID controller outputs a magnetic field control signal and sends it to the auxiliary compensation current source to adjust the magnetic field at the pump light source.

[0025] Beneficial effects: In addition to controlling the pump light source drive circuit, the temperature and magnetic field feedback of this invention also directly controls the temperature control module and the auxiliary magnetic field compensation module to stabilize the temperature and magnetic field at the location of the pump light source.

[0026] Preferably, the temperature control module also includes a housing, with a pump laser source mounting base inside the rear end of the housing. The magnetic field compensation module also includes a winding coil. Multiple TEC modules are evenly spaced and attached to the outer surface of the housing. The heat dissipation structure is evenly distributed between two adjacent TEC modules. Multiple temperature sensors are evenly attached to the inner surface of the housing. The winding coil is attached to the inner surface of the housing, and the outer diameter of the winding coil is equal to the inner diameter of the housing. The pump light source is located inside the pump laser source mounting base. The rear end of the housing has an I / O interface.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The TEC module of this invention adopts a three-dimensional symmetrical TEC (thermoelectric cooler) heat dissipation and temperature control structure, optimizes the position of the temperature sensor, makes the temperature field distribution of the light source more uniform, reduces the probability of local overheating, and improves the accuracy and response speed of temperature control; the temperature control module adopts an independent packaging design and communicates with the external control system through a standardized high-speed interface, which facilitates later maintenance, expansion and system-level integration.

[0028] This invention also provides a method for stabilizing the pump source of a solid-state spin ensemble sensor, the method comprising:

[0029] The feedback signals from the pump light source are collected, including power, drive current, temperature, and magnetic field.

[0030] The weighted fusion feedback signals are optimized with the goal of minimizing the output noise of the pump light source. The fusion control parameters are determined and input into the adaptive PID controller. The adaptive PID controller outputs a control signal based on the deviation between the fusion control parameters and the set value. The control signal is then integrated into the current drive circuit of the pump light source to adjust the output current of the current drive circuit.

[0031] Preferably, the parameter K of the adaptive PID controller p K i K d The control parameters are dynamically adjusted in real time based on the deviation between the fusion control parameters and the set value, as well as the rate of change of the deviation signal.

[0032] Beneficial effect: By performing nonlinear processing on the deviation signal, the parameter K of the adaptive PID controller is improved. p K i K d The control parameters are dynamically adjusted in real time based on the deviation between the fusion control parameters and the set value, as well as the rate of change of the deviation signal, thus avoiding the oscillation problem of traditional PID control when the range of changes is large. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a pump light source current driving circuit in the prior art;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the stable control system for the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the current drive module in the stable control system of the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the optical and temperature feedback control principle in the stable control system of the pump light source of the solid-state spin ensemble sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the driving current and magnetic field feedback control in the stable control system of the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the positions of the temperature monitoring module and the temperature control module in the stable control system of the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 A partial schematic diagram of the temperature monitoring module and temperature control module in the stable control system of the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the stable control system for the pump light source of a solid-state spin ensemble sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the working principle of the temperature control module and the magnetic field compensation module in the stable control system of the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] In the diagram: 1. TEC module, 2. Heat dissipation structure, 3. Temperature sensor, 4. Winding coil, 5. Pump laser source mounting base, 6. I / O interface, 7. Housing. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0044] See Figure 2 This embodiment provides a stable control system for a solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source, including:

[0045] The data acquisition module is used to detect the feedback signals of the pump source in real time, including power, drive current, temperature, and magnetic field. The data acquisition module includes an optical power monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, and a magnetic field monitoring module. The optical power monitoring module includes a photodetector and a transimpedance amplifier. The input of the photodetector is connected to the pump source to detect the light intensity of the pump source in real time. The power of the pump source is processed by the transimpedance amplifier before being output as power. See also... Figure 7 The temperature monitoring module includes multiple temperature sensors 3, which are distributed at the locations of the pump light source, the heat dissipation structure 2, and the TEC module 1. The pump light source is located at... Figure 7 On the pump laser source mounting base 5 shown, the magnetic field monitoring module includes a magnetic sensor and a low-noise amplifier. The magnetic sensor is located at the pump source and is used to detect the local magnetic field change signal caused by the driving current in real time. This signal is processed by the low-noise amplifier to obtain the magnetic field signal. The optical power monitoring module uses a silicon photodiode with reverse bias voltage and a transimpedance amplifier to detect the light intensity emitted by the light source in real time and transmits it to the control circuit in real time to stabilize the optical power output of the light source. The magnetic field monitoring module consists of a high-sensitivity magnetic sensor to monitor the local magnetic disturbance caused by the current and correct it through an auxiliary compensation current source. All feedback signals are uniformly collected and sent to the control unit to adjust the driving current and compensation path, ultimately achieving joint control of the light source output power, stability, and magnetic interference suppression. The data acquisition module uses high-speed digital-analog acquisition chips, including but not limited to DAC8830, LTC2182, and AD7793.

[0046] The control unit is used to weight and fuse the feedback signals, optimizing the weighting parameters of each feedback signal with the goal of minimizing the output noise of the pump light source, determining the fused control parameters, and inputting the fused control parameters into the adaptive PID controller, which then outputs the control signal. See also... Figure 8The control unit employs an adaptive control algorithm based on a combination of fuzzy logic and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. PID control strategy: This algorithm primarily handles small-amplitude disturbances in conventional parameters, featuring fast response and high stability. Through the synergistic effect of the proportional, integral, and derivative parameters, system fluctuations can be suppressed, achieving precise regulation of the system state. Adaptive fuzzy logic controller: To address complex and variable nonlinear disturbances, this control system introduces a fuzzy logic-based control mechanism, automatically adjusting parameters according to real-time operating conditions, providing fine dynamic adjustment capabilities, and effectively coping with highly uncertain external disturbances. The control unit utilizes high-speed data processing modules, such as microcontrollers or programmable gate array chips, including but not limited to XC7K160TFFG6767 and GD32L233.

[0047] The calculation method for the fusion control parameter F is as follows:

[0048] F = a × P + b × T + c × I + d × B

[0049] Where P, T, I, and B are the power, temperature, driving current, and magnetic field of the pump source, respectively, and a, b, c, and d are the weighted parameters of the power, temperature, driving current, and magnetic field of the pump source, respectively.

[0050] The control unit also includes a judgment module, which is used to judge whether the power, drive current, temperature and magnetic field exceed the set threshold. If any feedback signal exceeds the set threshold, it is judged as abnormal and outputs a switch control signal to turn off the switch in the current drive module. When none of the four feedback signals exceed the set threshold, the four feedback signals are weighted and fused.

[0051] The current drive module is used to adjust the pump light source drive current according to the control signal.

[0052] See Figure 3 The current drive module includes a first instrumentation amplifier, a second instrumentation amplifier, a switching transistor, and a sampling resistor. The first input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the control unit, the second input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the second instrumentation amplifier, the output terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor, the first terminal of the switching transistor is connected in series with the pump light source and then connected to the input power supply, the second terminal of the switching transistor is connected in series with the sampling resistor and then grounded, the two ends of the sampling resistor are respectively connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the second instrumentation amplifier, and the two ends of the sampling resistor are connected to the control unit.

[0053] The first and second instrumentation amplifiers both employ high CMRR amplifiers, the switching transistors are Cascode MOSFETs, and the sampling resistors are low-temperature drift, high-stability copper-manganese alloy sampling resistors. The pump light source drive current stabilization module of this invention adopts a composite amplification architecture of Cascode MOSFET + instrumentation operational amplifier, combined with a high common-mode rejection ratio instrumentation amplifier and a low-temperature drift sampling resistor, to achieve low-noise precision power supply to the laser, significantly improving the system's containment and anti-interference capabilities. The key sampling resistor uses a low-temperature drift, high-stability manganese-copper alloy material to ensure the consistency of current detection and temperature compensation effect. An active noise reduction filter is introduced into the light source drive circuit to suppress high-frequency noise in a wide bandwidth, thereby improving the intensity stability of the light source output.

[0054] The system also includes a DC-DC module, a first LDO module, a first filter module, a second LDO module, and a third LDO module. The input terminals of the DC-DC module, the first LDO module, the second LDO module, and the third LDO module are respectively connected to the input power supply. The output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected in series with the first LDO module and then connected to the first filter module. The output terminal of the first filter module is connected to the first end of the pump light source. The second end of the pump light source is connected to the first end of the switching transistor. The output terminal of the first LDO module is connected in series with the second filter module and then connected to the third input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier. The output terminal of the third LDO module is connected to the input terminal of the control unit.

[0055] The system comprises a DC-DC converter, an LDO (low dropout linear regulator), a DAC (digital-to-analog converter), an SPI (serial peripheral interface control module), and MOSFETs (field-effect transistors). The DC-DC converter chip selection includes, but is not limited to, TPS56837; the LDO chip selection includes, but is not limited to, TPS7A4701 and LT1764; the MOSFET selection includes, but is not limited to, IRFZ44Z; the digital-to-analog converter chip selection includes, but is not limited to, DAC8830; the operational amplifier selection includes, but is not limited to, OPA2189; and the voltage reference chip selection includes, but is not limited to, ADR4525. This invention uses passive filtering in the hardware circuit to filter out high-frequency noise from the drive current. To address the interference and conflict issues that can easily arise between feedback loops caused by single-current PID control parameters, this invention employs external multi-physical quantity acquisition active noise reduction feedback technology, adjusting the drive circuit output via SPI digital communication.

[0056] See Figure 4 and Figure 9 The system also includes a temperature control module and a magnetic field compensation module.

[0057] The temperature control module includes a TEC module 1, a heat dissipation structure 2, and a first PID controller. The heat dissipation structure 2 uses heat sinks. The first PID controller is connected to the temperature monitoring module and outputs a temperature control signal based on the temperature of the pump light source, which is then sent to the TEC module 1. The TEC module 1 adjusts the heat dissipation structure according to the temperature control signal to regulate the temperature at the pump light source. Temperature control is achieved through the TEC module, and temperature monitoring is achieved in conjunction with a distributed thermistor array and a multi-channel high-precision readout bridge. An extended Kalman filter algorithm is integrated into the control circuit to further improve temperature stability. This control system integrates a state prediction module based on the extended Kalman filter algorithm. The extended Kalman filter utilizes the system's nonlinear dynamic model, combined with real-time acquired multi-physical quantity measurement data (including temperature, current, light intensity, and magnetic field signals), to estimate the system's implicit state variables under conditions of measurement noise and predict their future trends.

[0058] See Figure 6 and Figure 7 The temperature control module also includes a housing 7. Multiple TEC modules 1 are evenly spaced and attached to the outer surface of the cylindrical housing 7. The housing 7 is made of a thermally conductive metal material such as aluminum alloy or copper. In this embodiment, there are four TEC modules 1, which are attached to the outer surface of the housing 7 at 90-degree intervals. A heat dissipation structure 2 is evenly distributed between adjacent TEC modules 1, meaning the heat dissipation structure 2 is located on the outer surface of the housing 7 where no TEC modules 1 are present. Multiple temperature sensors 3 are evenly attached to the inner surface of the housing 7. In this embodiment, there are four temperature sensors 3. Temperature sensors 3 are sequentially attached to the inner surface of the housing 7 at 90-degree intervals. Winding coils 4 are attached to the inner surface of the housing 7, with the outer diameter of the winding coils 4 equal to the inner diameter of the housing 7. A pump laser source mounting base 5 is fixed inside the rear end of the housing 7. The pump laser source mounting base 5 is made of a thermally conductive metal such as aluminum alloy or copper. The pump light source is located inside the pump laser source mounting base 5. An I / O interface 6 is located on the cylindrical bottom surface at the rear end of the housing 7 and passes through the cylindrical housing 7, used to connect the internal and external components of the pump light source temperature detection module and the temperature control module (including power supply and communication functions). The temperature sensors 3, winding coils 4, and pump light source are all connected to external modules / units through the I / O interface 6. The TEC module 1 is connected to an external temperature controller. In this embodiment, the external temperature controller is a temperature control module containing a first PID controller.

[0059] The TEC module 1 of this invention adopts a three-dimensional symmetrical TEC (thermoelectric cooler) heat dissipation and temperature control structure, optimizes the position of the temperature sensor, makes the temperature field distribution of the light source more uniform, reduces the probability of local overheating, and improves the accuracy and response speed of temperature control. The temperature control module adopts an independent packaging design and communicates with the external control system through a standardized high-speed interface, which facilitates later maintenance, expansion and system-level integration.

[0060] See Figure 5 The magnetic field compensation module includes an auxiliary compensation current source and a second PID controller. The magnetic field from the pump source is input to the second PID controller, which is connected to a magnetic sensor. Based on the magnetic field of the pump source, the second PID controller outputs a magnetic field control signal and sends it to the auxiliary compensation current source to adjust the magnetic field at the pump source. A magnetoresistive magnetometer collects the dynamic changes in the magnetic field caused by current fluctuations in the circuit in real time and transmits this data to the control circuit. The feedback signal is then transmitted to the control circuit via a DAC. Figure 7 The winding coil 4 shown is used to achieve real-time magnetic field feedback compensation for magnetic interference.

[0061] The light source module is powered by a current-driven module, which uses the current output from the current feedback control terminal to drive the light source and generate a stable optical signal. The current-driven module includes a MOSFET constant current source based on a Cascode structure and a temperature-compensated manganese-copper alloy sampling resistor. The pump source uses a laser diode or a high-brightness light-emitting diode, with a center emission wavelength in the range of 400nm to 1500nm, suitable for the pumping requirements of solid-state spin ensemble systems. The optical signal output from the laser diode or light-emitting diode passes sequentially through a collimating lens group, a beam splitter prism, and an adjustment mirror to obtain the main beam. A photodetector connected to the beam splitter prism is used to detect the power of the pump source in real time.

[0062] The optical path section includes core optical components such as a laser diode (LD), collimating lens group, beam splitter prism, and adjustment mirror. The main beam is output after optical path shaping, and a portion of the beam is sampled by a photodetector for feedback after beam splitting. The temperature control system is based on a TEC thermoelectric cooler, which, together with the laser chip, heat sink, and multi-point temperature sensors, forms a closed-loop thermal management system. Temperature sensor signals are sent to an external temperature controller, which adjusts the TEC operating state through feedback to achieve precise control of the laser junction temperature.

[0063] This invention establishes a closed-loop, multi-level composite feedback control system for four parameters: light source driving current, temperature, light intensity, and magnetic field. The feedback signals of each physical quantity are weighted and fused to form a unified fused control parameter. This fused control parameter is input to an adaptive PID controller. The adaptive PID controller outputs a control signal based on the deviation between the fused control parameter and the set value. This control signal is sent to the current driving circuit of the pump light source to adjust the output current of the current driving circuit. This system effectively suppresses and compensates for the influence of external disturbances on the light source performance. Specifically, light intensity feedback is used to monitor output power changes in real time to ensure stable pumping efficiency; temperature feedback is used to compensate for device thermal drift caused by environmental changes, maintaining stable emission wavelength and output power; current feedback is used to stabilize the driving current and reduce light source noise; and magnetic field feedback is used to sense and compensate for minor magnetic field interference introduced by changes in the driving current in real time. This achieves precise multi-parameter control of the light source output characteristics and effective suppression of environmental interference, ensuring the consistency of quantum state readout and measurement sensitivity. Therefore, it significantly improves the overall performance and environmental adaptability of solid-state spin ensemble sensors in high-sensitivity magnetic measurement applications.

[0064] This invention employs a combined algorithm based on fuzzy logic and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. It dynamically adjusts the control parameter gain and response characteristics of the pump light source to address disturbances within different amplitude and frequency ranges. This avoids the oscillation or instability problems that traditional PID controllers exhibit under large-scale external parameter variations, thus ensuring the system can achieve rapid response and high-precision adjustment in complex environments. The dynamic adjustment mainly consists of two parts: one is the "control parameter" for the feedback amplitude, which refers to the PID feedback control K... p K i K d Three parameters are involved. The third is the "response characteristic" for the frequency range, which refers to the weighted parameters of the pump source's power, temperature, drive current, and magnetic field. The four weighted parameters need to be optimized based on different frequency range noise targets (e.g., short-term second-length noise, long-term hour-length noise). The core of the algorithm lies in the nonlinear processing of the deviation signal and the adaptive PID controller's parameter K. p K i K d The control parameters are dynamically adjusted in real time based on the deviation between the fusion control parameters and the set value, as well as the rate of change of the deviation signal, thus avoiding the oscillation problem of traditional PID control when the range of changes is large.

[0065] The technical features of the control system of this invention include:

[0066] Spin system adaptability: By adding a magnetic field feedback mechanism, the system effectively avoids interference caused by the coupling of spin and magnetic field, ensuring the applicability of the system in the field of quantum precision measurement.

[0067] High-precision control: Through a precise feedback loop design, the system can achieve long-term stable control of the output of the microwatt-level pump light source, meeting the high-sensitivity measurement requirements of solid-state spin sensors.

[0068] Rapid response mechanism: High-speed data acquisition and processing modules are used to ensure that the system's real-time response speed reaches the millisecond level, effectively responding to changes in the dynamic measurement environment.

[0069] Anti-interference capability: Through optimized hardware circuit design and software algorithms, the system has excellent electromagnetic compatibility and noise immunity, and can maintain stable operation even in complex environments.

[0070] Intelligent management: The integrated intelligent monitoring module has adaptive parameter adjustment and fault diagnosis functions, which significantly improves the ease of operation and reliability of the system.

[0071] Standardized packaging: The system circuit hardware adopts the standard DB9 interface and RS-485 communication protocol, and has an external reading and control I / O interface. The optical mount supports laser diodes and light-emitting diodes in C-Mount package form, improving the system's versatility.

[0072] This embodiment also provides a method for stabilizing the pump source of a solid-state spin ensemble sensor, including the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Acquire feedback signals from the pump source, including power, drive current, temperature, and magnetic field.

[0074] Step 2: Weighted fusion of feedback signals. Optimize the weighting parameters of each feedback signal with the goal of minimizing the output noise of the pump light source, determine the fusion control parameters, and input the fusion control parameters into the adaptive PID controller. The adaptive PID controller outputs a control signal based on the deviation between the fusion control parameters and the set value, integrates the control signal into the current drive circuit of the pump light source, and adjusts the output current of the current drive circuit.

[0075] Among them, the parameter K of the adaptive PID controller p K i K d The control parameters are dynamically adjusted in real time based on the deviation between the fusion control parameters and the set value, as well as the rate of change of the deviation signal.

[0076] This invention achieves efficient and dynamically stable control of key output parameters of a light source under complex environmental conditions by constructing a multi-physical quantity composite feedback mechanism based on driving current, temperature, light intensity, and magnetic field. This significantly improves the sensitivity, stability, and environmental adaptability of solid-state spin ensemble sensors. This method combines optoelectronics, quantum precision measurement technology, and automatic control technology, exhibiting high sensitivity, high stability, and high anti-interference capability, making it suitable for magnetic field measurement needs in quantum precision measurement, quantum sensor, and quantum computing environments.

[0077] This control system is specifically designed for the pump source of solid-state spin ensemble sensors, integrating a multi-level feedback adjustment mechanism to effectively achieve high-precision and stable control of the light source output. The system employs a closed-loop control strategy, enabling real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the light source parameters to ensure stability and accuracy during the measurement process.

[0078] The improvements made by this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: (1) Introducing a light source adjustment method with magnetic field feedback: For the first time, a magnetic field feedback loop is introduced into the control of a solid-state spin ensemble pump light source, which is combined with temperature and current feedback to achieve regulation, significantly improving the stability and measurement accuracy of the light source in complex environments; (2) Applying an adaptive dynamic optimization algorithm: Through adaptive PID control assisted by fuzzy logic and extended Kalman filtering, the system has fast response and high stability in a wide dynamic range, overcoming the problem of performance degradation of traditional PID controllers in complex environments; (3) Optimizing the design of the drive circuit: By innovating the configuration of the light source drive circuit, redesigning the constant current circuit based on the Cascode amplifier circuit, the temperature-compensated sampling resistor, and adopting active noise reduction technology, the current stability and low noise characteristics are improved. It effectively solves the problems of poor stability, weak anti-interference ability, low control accuracy, and neglect of magnetic field interference in traditional solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light sources, and provides a new technical route for achieving high sensitivity and high stability magnetic field measurement.

[0079] Experimental Analysis

[0080] To further verify the application effect of this invention in a practical quantum precision measurement system, this embodiment constructs a solid-state spin ensemble magnetic sensor based on the spin of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy color center ensemble, and integrates a pump source controlled by the method of this invention into the system, conducting experiments on the influence of pump performance on the magnetic resonance signal. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0081] I. Preparation of Solid-State Spin Ensemble Sensor

[0082] (1) The diamond NV color center ensemble sample was fixed on the sample stage and the continuous wave (CW) ODMR (optical detection magnetic resonance) measurement mode was adopted. The external bias magnetic field was 50 Gauss (along the

[111] direction) and the microwave source modulation frequency covered the range of 2.8-2.9 GHz.

[0083] (2) Fluorescence is collected by a mirror and filter system (to filter out the pump light) and coupled to a silicon photodetector for intensity measurement. The fluorescence intensity is scanned as a function of microwave frequency to obtain the ODMR spectrum.

[0084] II. Installation of Pump Light Source and Feedback Controller

[0085] (1) Using the composite feedback control pump light source proposed in this invention, a green laser diode with a center wavelength of 520nm is installed on the mounting base, and the optical path is adjusted so that its output light spot is focused on the diamond sample.

[0086] (2) Start the feedback control mode and optimize the output power stability of the pump light source to within 0.02% (see the above test).

[0087] III. Observation and Testing of Implementation Results

[0088] (1) The control system is synchronously triggered with the microwave source to ensure frequency scanning under stable operating conditions. Simultaneous acquisition of light intensity data and NV fluorescence data of the light source, combined analysis can verify the stabilization effect of the light source and the effect on improving the sensitivity of the solid-state spin sensor.

[0089] Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0090] 1. Initialization phase: Start hardware self-test of each module, calibrate DAC output, photodetector and magnetic sensor zero point; preheat and calibrate the light source to ensure stable output current to drive the light source and ensure that the stability of the light source output parameters meets the requirements.

[0091] 2. Parameter loading stage: By addressing the initial parameters of the sensor in the lookup table, the initial control parameters of the PID controller are loaded into the controller, and the temperature control unit is adjusted so that the working environment of the laser diode reaches the preset value.

[0092] 3. Dynamic control stage: High-speed sampling of current, temperature, light intensity, magnetic field data, comparing the detected signals with the preset target, calculating the deviation between the two and generating feedback commands, adjusting the light source parameters (such as laser power, wavelength modulation frequency) and magnetic field strength according to the feedback commands to eliminate the deviation of each parameter, and adjusting the PID control parameters in real time according to the fuzzy judgment results during this process;

[0093] 4. Stable Maintenance Phase: After the system reaches the predetermined state, it enters a constant mode with a system temperature of 40℃ and a constant output light intensity of 1W. In constant mode, the system continuously monitors the impact of environmental changes and internal parameter drift on measurement accuracy and automatically performs periodic fine adjustments to correct slow drift caused by environmental changes. It also synchronously adjusts the current source output, TEC power output, and auxiliary compensation current. When temperature fluctuations, magnetic field distortion, or a decrease in light source performance are detected, the system dynamically determines the PID gain region to switch based on the error signal amplitude and rate of change. The PID gain region refers to the different sizes of the three parameters kp, ki, and kd, which need to be set on-site according to different experimental requirements.

[0094] Key technical features settings:

[0095] (1) Light source module: It consists of a high-power laser diode, an electrically controlled polarization controller, and a photodetector. The output monitoring wavelength range supports the visible light to near-infrared band (400-1500nm), and the power is adjustable from 10-1000mW. A portion of the light output from the light source is split by a beam splitter and sent to the photodetector for sampling. The output signal of the photodetector is amplified by a bias transimpedance amplifier and then sent to the ADC module of the acquisition unit. The control unit compares the real-time optical power with the set target, generates feedback adjustment commands, and participates in adjusting the driving current reference.

[0096] (2) Current drive module: Cascode structure MOSFET is adopted. The source current is converted into a voltage signal through the current sampling resistor. The negative feedback loop is formed through the operational amplifier. The sampled voltage is compared with the reference voltage. The output control voltage is adjusted to achieve constant current control of the MOSFET. The current setting reference voltage is generated and sent through the DAC digital circuit, which supports high-precision dynamic adjustment. The key trace (current loop) minimizes ground loop interference. A small-value damping resistor and a π-type LC filter are connected in series at the output to suppress high-frequency parasitic oscillation.

[0097] (3) Temperature control module: Temperature sensors are distributed in multiple locations such as the light source, heat sink and TEC module, forming a multi-point distributed temperature sampling network; the temperature control driver uses a bidirectional current source to control the TEC, supporting switching between cooling and heating modes; after the control algorithm measures the temperature at multiple points in real time, it fuses sensor data such as current through an extended Kalman filter to predict and correct temperature changes in advance; then, it adjusts the PID parameters to dynamically adjust the TEC power, improving temperature control accuracy and response speed.

[0098] (4) Magnetic field feedback module: A magnetic sensor is set near the drive circuit to detect the local magnetic field changes caused by the current in real time; the detection signal is processed by a low-noise amplifier and then sent to the control unit; if the magnetic field change exceeds the set threshold, the system can fine-tune the magnetic field by adjusting the output current of the constant current source (with a small change within 0.1%) or adding an auxiliary compensation current (through an auxiliary coil); the magnetic field feedback loop bandwidth is set to be less than 1Hz to avoid interfering with other high-speed feedback paths.

[0099] (5) Feedback control module, including data acquisition and processing unit and signal processing unit, with multiple data I / O with configurable sampling frequency and ≥ high sampling accuracy.

[0100] In the actual testing process, the following procedure should be followed:

[0101] Step 1: Connect all modules of the system correctly according to the design requirements, including the laser module, temperature control module, optical power detection module, magnetic field detection module, microwave source and data acquisition system, ensuring that all interfaces are securely connected and the signal lines are correct.

[0102] Step 2: Set the experimental parameters through the computer control interface, including the operating current of the laser diode, the initial parameters of the PID controller, the initial coefficients of the extended Kalman filter, the pre-calibrated magnetic field feedback coefficients, the frequency and power of the microwave generator, and the target temperature.

[0103] Step 3: After starting the experimental program, conduct a noise test on the system: Start the system and initially test the laser output power and photodetector signal quality. Scan the microwave frequency and measure the overall continuous spectrum to ensure normal system response and confirm the absence of obvious abnormal noise. Measure the background noise level at non-resonant frequency points (e.g., around 2.6 GHz) to evaluate the system's baseline noise characteristics. Based on the measurement results, adjust parameters such as the pump source drive current, microwave source output, and lock-in amplifier detection depth. Optimize these parameters at three typical modulation frequencies: 3 kHz, 30 kHz, and 300 kHz to improve the system's response sensitivity to weak magnetic signals.

[0104] Preliminary magnetic field measurements were performed, and the conversion coefficients were calibrated using a known magnetic field standard source to complete the system's magnetic sensitivity benchmark setting.

[0105] Step 4: Formal Testing Procedure: Place the diamond sample flat under the detection optical path, adjust the collimation and focusing conditions to obtain a clear continuous wave (CW) fluorescence response waveform. Perform a continuous magnetic field scan near a microwave frequency of 2.88 GHz, while simultaneously moving a small magnet near the sample (including moving it closer, further away, shaking it up and down, and changing the direction of its magnetic poles), recording the changes in fluorescence intensity in real time, and observing the characteristics of the continuous spectrum changes. Repeat the above operations to detect the dynamic response of the sample to magnetic field disturbances through continuous frequency sweeping, confirming the stability and detection sensitivity of the system.

[0106] Furthermore, the background noise level under magnetic interference was tested at a frequency of 2.75 GHz to assess the impact of external disturbances on the system measurement baseline. Finally, noise data were collected at 2.89 GHz (near the resonant frequency) and 2.6 GHz (far from the resonant frequency) to compare the differences in the system output signal under resonant and non-resonant conditions and analyze the signal-to-noise ratio improvement effect.

[0107] Based on the above execution steps, this embodiment effectively improves the stability of the pump source by employing a multi-parameter closed-loop feedback control strategy involving current, temperature, and magnetic field, combined with a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm and an extended Kalman filter prediction algorithm. Actual joint testing shows that the control method of this invention can significantly reduce background noise and narrow the ODMR spectral linewidth in a solid-state spin ensemble magnetometer measurement system, thereby improving the long-term measurement stability of the system.

[0108] This invention addresses the problems of insufficient light source stability, magnetic interference affecting measurement accuracy, and drift during long-term operation in existing technologies. Through systematic innovative design, it achieves significant improvements in key indicators such as drive current stability, light source output power stability, temperature control accuracy, magnetic field disturbance suppression capability, and dynamic response speed, demonstrating the following advantages and positive effects:

[0109] First, this invention employs a novel composite current source design, combined with a low-temperature drift sampling resistor, resulting in a driving current stability far superior to the tens of ppm level of the traditional Hall-Libbrecht structure, effectively reducing the instability of the light source output and magnetic field noise caused by current fluctuations.

[0110] Secondly, this invention employs multi-point distributed temperature sampling and Kalman filter-based temperature compensation feedback technology. By monitoring the temperature changes of the light source's operating environment in real time and adjusting the operating parameters of the cooling system according to the temperature signal, the impact of temperature fluctuations on the light source performance is effectively suppressed. Experimental data shows that with room temperature fluctuations of ±2℃, the effective temperature control stability of the light source is better than ±0.05℃ after adopting this feedback mechanism. This effectively suppresses the drift of the light source's center emission wavelength and the increase in spontaneous emission noise, significantly improving measurement accuracy.

[0111] Furthermore, this invention also includes a dedicated magnetic field detection and compensation module for the spin system. This module detects changes in the external magnetic field using a magnetic sensor and performs real-time compensation based on the dynamic characteristics of the spin ensemble. Experimental results show that, with this feedback mechanism, the measurement error is significantly reduced in the uncompensated state, effectively eliminating the implicit measurement error caused by neglecting the self-excited magnetic field in traditional current-driven systems.

[0112] This invention achieves highly stable control of light source output through the synergistic effect of the aforementioned multi-dimensional composite feedback mechanism. Specifically, the system maintains high stability even during long-term operation (over 48 hours) in extreme environments with high temperatures (+60°C), and no significant drift phenomenon was observed in long-term stability tests, making it suitable for deployment in various complex application scenarios.

[0113] Through the synergy of the above-mentioned technical features, the present invention effectively solves the problems of poor light source stability, external interference affecting measurement accuracy, and drift that easily occurs during long-term operation in the background technology, providing higher performance assurance for solid-state spin ensemble sensor systems.

[0114] This invention provides a highly efficient, stable, and intelligent pump light source control method and system for solid-state spin ensemble magnetic measurement. By combining magnetic field feedback, temperature feedback, and light intensity feedback, it achieves high-precision and high-stability control of the solid-state spin ensemble magnetic measurement light source, which has significant application value and broad market prospects.

[0115] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stable control system for a solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source, characterized in that: The system includes: The data acquisition module is used to detect the feedback signals of the pump light source in real time, including power, drive current, temperature and magnetic field; The control unit is used to weight and fuse the feedback signals, optimize the weighting parameters of each feedback signal with the goal of minimizing the output noise of the pump light source, determine the fusion control parameters, input the fusion control parameters into the adaptive PID controller, and the adaptive PID controller outputs the control signal. The current drive module is used to adjust the pump light source drive current according to the control signal.

2. The stable control system for the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes an optical power monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, and a magnetic field monitoring module. The optical power monitoring module includes a photodetector and a transimpedance amplifier. The input of the photodetector is connected to the pump source to detect the light intensity of the pump source in real time. The power of the pump source is processed by the transimpedance amplifier and then output as power. The temperature monitoring module includes multiple temperature sensors, which are distributed at the locations of the pump source, the heat dissipation structure, and the TEC module. The magnetic field monitoring module includes a magnetic sensor and a low-noise amplifier. The magnetic sensor is located at the pump source and is used to detect the local magnetic field change signal caused by the driving current in real time. This signal is processed by the low-noise amplifier to obtain the magnetic field signal.

3. The stable control system for the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation method for the fusion control parameter F is as follows: F = a × P + b × T + c × I + d × B Where P, T, I, and B are the power, temperature, driving current, and magnetic field of the pump source, respectively, and a, b, c, and d are the weighted parameters of the power, temperature, driving current, and magnetic field of the pump source, respectively.

4. The stable control system for the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit also includes a judgment module, which is used to judge whether the power, drive current, temperature and magnetic field exceed the set threshold. If any feedback signal exceeds the set threshold, it is judged as abnormal and outputs a switch control signal to turn off the switch in the current drive module. When none of the four feedback signals exceed the set threshold, the four feedback signals are weighted and fused.

5. The stable control system for the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current drive module includes a first instrumentation amplifier, a second instrumentation amplifier, a switching transistor, and a sampling resistor. The first input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the control unit, the second input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the second instrumentation amplifier, the output terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor, the first terminal of the switching transistor is connected in series with the pump light source and then connected to the input power supply, the second terminal of the switching transistor is connected in series with the sampling resistor and then grounded, the two ends of the sampling resistor are respectively connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the second instrumentation amplifier, and the two ends of the sampling resistor are connected to the control unit.

6. The stable control system for the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system also includes a DC-DC module, a first LDO module, a first filter module, a second LDO module, and a third LDO module. The input terminals of the DC-DC module, the first LDO module, the second LDO module, and the third LDO module are respectively connected to the input power supply. The output terminal of the DC-DC module is connected in series with the first LDO module and then connected to the first filter module. The output terminal of the first filter module is connected to the first end of the pump light source. The second end of the pump light source is connected to the first end of the switching transistor. The output terminal of the first LDO module is connected in series with the second filter module and then connected to the third input terminal of the first instrumentation amplifier. The output terminal of the third LDO module is connected to the input terminal of the control unit.

7. The stable control system for the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes: The temperature control module includes a TEC module, a heat dissipation structure, and a first PID controller. The first PID controller is connected to the temperature monitoring module and outputs a temperature control signal according to the temperature of the pump light source and sends it to the TEC module. The TEC module adjusts the heat dissipation structure according to the temperature control signal to regulate the temperature at the pump light source. The magnetic field compensation module includes an auxiliary compensation current source and a second PID controller. The magnetic field of the pump light source is input to the second PID controller. The second PID controller is connected to a magnetic sensor. Based on the magnetic field of the pump light source, the second PID controller outputs a magnetic field control signal and sends it to the auxiliary compensation current source to adjust the magnetic field at the pump light source.

8. The stable control system for the solid-state spin ensemble sensor pump light source according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature control module also includes a housing, with a pump laser source mounting base inside the rear end of the housing. The magnetic field compensation module also includes a winding coil. Multiple TEC modules are evenly spaced and attached to the outer surface of the housing. The heat dissipation structure is evenly distributed between two adjacent TEC modules. Multiple temperature sensors are evenly attached to the inner surface of the housing. The winding coil is attached to the inner surface of the housing, and the outer diameter of the winding coil is equal to the inner diameter of the housing. The pump light source is located inside the pump laser source mounting base. The rear end of the housing has an I / O interface.

9. A method for stabilizing the pump source of a solid-state spin ensemble sensor, characterized in that: The methods include: The feedback signals from the pump light source are collected, including power, drive current, temperature, and magnetic field. The weighted fusion feedback signals are optimized with the goal of minimizing the output noise of the pump light source. The fusion control parameters are determined and input into the adaptive PID controller. The adaptive PID controller outputs a control signal based on the deviation between the fusion control parameters and the set value. The control signal is then integrated into the current drive circuit of the pump light source to adjust the output current of the current drive circuit.

10. The method for stabilizing the pump source of a solid-state spin ensemble sensor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The parameter K of the adaptive PID controller p , K i , K d The control parameters are dynamically adjusted in real time based on the deviation between the fusion control parameters and the set value, as well as the rate of change of the deviation signal.

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