Preparation method and application of pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a pesticide preparation for preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt, and belongs to the technical field of biocide pesticides. The carbendazim, the iprodione, the lotus seed pot extract and the seaweed residues are combined to serve as effective components of the pesticide, the pesticide preparation for preventing and treating the watermelon fusarium wilt is applied to soil which is continuously seeded for many years according to field experiment data, the disease index is 7.22%, the prevention effect is 82.44%, the yield of a single plant is 9.75 + / -0.35 kg, and the yield per mu is 2865 kg. The seaweed residues and the lotus seed pot extract are mixed to serve as a pesticide synergist, the pesticide synergist is compounded with a basic chemical agent, the obtained pesticide preparation has a better effect in the aspect of preventing and treating watermelon fusarium wilt, and the combined effect is better than the effect of independently using the basic chemical agent, the seaweed residues or the lotus seed pot extract; the method has practical significance in watermelon fusarium wilt control and watermelon yield increase.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biocidal pesticide technology, specifically to a method for preparing and applying a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease. Background Technology

[0002] watermelon( Citrullus woolly (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai) is an annual vine belonging to the genus Citrus in the family Cucurbitaceae. Watermelons originated in tropical Africa and are widely cultivated in tropical to temperate regions. my country is a major watermelon producer and consumer in the world. To meet market demand, continuous cropping is frequently used in watermelon production. However, this practice leads to severe problems, with Fusarium wilt being the most frequent disease occurring during this period. This disease can occur at any stage of watermelon growth and development.

[0003] The pathogen causing watermelon wilt is *Fusarium oxysporum* watermelon-specific strain (…). Fusarium oxysporum *Fusarium oxysporum* sp. (FON) can survive and accumulate in the soil for a long time. As a soil-borne disease, watermelon wilt cannot be completely eradicated by existing control methods. After infection by the wilt pathogen, crop growth, yield, and quality are all affected. Current control methods mostly use chemical pesticides, but relying solely on chemical pesticides can easily lead to drug resistance in harmful microorganisms, affecting subsequent control effectiveness. Therefore, using a small amount of chemical pesticides in combination with synergists composed of naturally derived ingredients to enhance the control effect of watermelon wilt is a direction worthy of further research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing and applying a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease, comprising a basic chemical agent and a pesticide synergist, wherein the mass ratio of the basic chemical agent to the pesticide synergist is 1:(2-4); The basic chemical agents are carbendazim and isopyrazosulfuron, and the pesticide synergists include at least one of seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract.

[0006] Furthermore, the preparation method of lotus seedpod extract is as follows: Fresh lotus pods were selected, washed, and dried at 85℃. The powder was then pulverized and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. 50g of the sieved powder was added to a 50% ethanol aqueous solution at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1g:3mL. The mixture was extracted three times at 70℃. The extracts were combined and concentrated to 100mL. The mixture was centrifuged at 4500r / min for 20min and the precipitate was freeze-dried to obtain the lotus pod extract.

[0007] Furthermore, in the basic chemical reagents, the mass ratio of carbendazim to isopropionate is (0.5-5):(0.5-5).

[0008] Furthermore, in the basic chemical reagents, the mass ratio of carbendazim to isopropionate is 1:1.

[0009] Furthermore, in the pesticide synergist, the mass ratio of seaweed residue to lotus seedpod extract is (3-10):(0.5-5).

[0010] Furthermore, in the pesticide synergist, the mass ratio of seaweed residue to lotus seedpod extract is 6:1.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt, wherein carbendazim and iprodione are mixed to obtain a basic chemical agent, seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract are mixed to obtain a pesticide synergist, and the basic chemical agent and the pesticide synergist are then mixed to obtain the pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt.

[0012] A third aspect of the invention provides the use of the pesticide formulation in any one of the following (1)-(3): (1) Prevention and control of watermelon wilt disease; (2) Increase the height of watermelon plants; (3) Increase the yield per watermelon plant and the yield per mu.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention combines carbendazim, iprodione, lotus seedpod extract, and seaweed residue as the active ingredients of an insecticide. It utilizes the dual combination of chemical insecticide and plant-derived synergistic effect to improve the control effect of the prepared pesticide formulation on watermelon wilt disease, reduce the risk of harmful microorganisms developing resistance, and at the same time, reduce the amount of chemical fungicides carbendazim and iprodione used, thereby reducing chemical residues on watermelons.

[0014] The basic chemical agents prepared from carbendazim and iprodione primarily function as insecticides. Carbendazim interferes with the formation of the spindle apparatus during mitosis in pathogenic fungi, affecting cell division and thus exerting a bactericidal effect. Iprodione inhibits protein kinases, controlling intracellular signals for many cellular functions, including interference with carbohydrate binding into fungal cell components. This inhibits both fungal spore germination and production, as well as mycelial growth. Utilizing their different mechanisms of action reduces the risk of pests developing resistance. Furthermore, the combined use of carbendazim and iprodione broadens the bactericidal spectrum, achieving both rapid and sustained bactericidal effects. Lotus seedpod extract and seaweed residue mainly act as synergists, exhibiting a synergistic effect in enhancing the bactericidal efficacy of insecticides. According to field experimental data, in soils with continuous cropping over many years, the application of this pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt resulted in a disease index of 7.22%, a control efficacy of 82.44%, a yield per plant of 9.75 ± 0.35 kg, and a yield per acre of 2865 kg. It is evident that mixing seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract as a pesticide synergist, and combining it with basic chemical agents, results in a pesticide formulation that is more effective in controlling watermelon wilt. The combined effect is superior to using basic chemical agents, seaweed residue, or lotus seedpod extract alone. This invention has practical significance for the control of watermelon wilt and the increase of watermelon yield. Detailed Implementation

[0015] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application, the technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0017] The test materials used in the embodiments of this invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels. The 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder used in this invention were purchased from Shandong Havis Co., Ltd.; the seaweed residue used was purchased from Qingdao Huifulin Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the particle size was controlled at 200 mesh.

[0018] Example 1: Preparation of lotus seedpod extract Fresh lotus pods were selected, washed, and dried at 85℃. The powder was then pulverized and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. 50g of the sieved powder was added to a 50% ethanol aqueous solution at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1g:3mL. The mixture was extracted three times at 70℃. The extracts were combined and concentrated to 100mL. The mixture was centrifuged at 4500r / min for 20min and the precipitate was freeze-dried to obtain the lotus pod extract.

[0019] Example 2: A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease Preparation of basic chemical reagents Take 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder, mix them in a 1:1 mass ratio to obtain the basic chemical agent.

[0020] Preparation of pesticide synergists The seaweed residue and the lotus seedpod extract prepared in Example 1 were mixed at a mass ratio of 6:1 to obtain a pesticide synergist.

[0021] A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease is obtained by mixing basic chemical agents and pesticide synergists at a mass ratio of 1:3.

[0022] Example 3: A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease Preparation of basic chemical reagents Take 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder, mix them in a 1:1 mass ratio to obtain the basic chemical agent.

[0023] Preparation of pesticide synergists The seaweed residue and the lotus seedpod extract prepared in Example 1 were mixed at a mass ratio of 6:1 to obtain a pesticide synergist.

[0024] A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease is obtained by mixing basic chemical agents and pesticide synergists at a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0025] Example 4: A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease Preparation of basic chemical reagents Take 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder, mix them in a 1:1 mass ratio to obtain the basic chemical agent.

[0026] Preparation of pesticide synergists The seaweed residue and the lotus seedpod extract prepared in Example 1 were mixed at a mass ratio of 6:1 to obtain a pesticide synergist.

[0027] A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease is obtained by mixing basic chemical agents and pesticide synergists at a mass ratio of 1:4.

[0028] Comparative Example 1: A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 is that the pesticide synergist used in this example contains only lotus seedpod extract.

[0029] Preparation of basic chemical reagents Take 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder, mix them in a 1:1 mass ratio to obtain the basic chemical agent.

[0030] The basic chemical agent and the lotus seedpod extract prepared in Example 1 as a pesticide synergist were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease.

[0031] Comparative Example 2: A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 is that the pesticide synergist used in this example only contains seaweed residue.

[0032] Preparation of basic chemical reagents Take 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% iprodione wettable powder, mix them in a 1:1 mass ratio to obtain the basic chemical agent.

[0033] A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease is obtained by mixing basic chemical agents and seaweed residue, which serves as a pesticide synergist, at a mass ratio of 1:3.

[0034] Comparative Example 3: A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 is that a basic chemical agent is used as the pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt, as detailed below: Mix 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% isopyrazine wettable powder in a 1:1 mass ratio to obtain a basic chemical agent, which can be used as a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt.

[0035] Experimental Example 1: Indoor Experiment The watermelon seeds used in the experiment were the susceptible variety "Zaojia 8424". After soaking in 55℃ hot water for 30 minutes to promote germination, the seeds were sown when the radicle reached approximately 2mm in length. Fifteen days after emergence, the uniformly growing watermelon seedlings were transplanted into flowerpots. 15kg of sterilized nutrient soil was used to fill each pot. Five pots were used for each treatment, with two seedlings per pot. In the experimental groups, the pesticide formulations prepared for controlling watermelon wilt (Examples 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3) were first applied to the roots of each plant in each pot. These were designated as the compound group, lotus seedpod group, seaweed residue group, and chemical pesticide group. The pesticide formulations were diluted in water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:500ml, with a dosage of 1000ml per pot. In the control group, an equal amount of water was applied to the roots of the plants. Then, the plants were inoculated with a Fusarium oxysporum (FON) spore suspension (10... 7 5 ml of spores ( / mL) was recorded as day 0. On day 14, the experimental and control groups were drenched with the same medication and method as before. On day 26, plant height was measured, the wilt disease index was investigated and statistically analyzed, and the control effect of the fungicide was calculated. The calculation method is as follows: Disease index (%) = ∑(Number of diseased plants at each level × Disease level value) / (Total number of plants surveyed × Highest level value) × 100 Watermelon wilt disease is classified into six levels: 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The grading standards are as follows: Level 0: normal vascular bundles inside the stem, no external symptoms; Level 1: less than 25% of the vascular bundles inside the stem are discolored; Level 3: 25%-50% of the vascular bundles inside the stem are discolored; Level 5: 51%-75% of the vascular bundles inside the stem are discolored; Level 7: more than 75% of the vascular bundles inside the stem are discolored, and some leaves wilt; Level 9: the entire plant dies.

[0036] Relative efficacy (%) = (Disease index of control group - Disease index of treatment group) / Disease index of control group × 100 The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Indoor control results According to the indoor experimental data in Table 1, the plant height of the compound group was 38.86±0.34cm, the disease index was 12.22%, and the relative control efficacy was 87.78%. The results of the compound group were superior to those of the lotus seedpod group, seaweed residue group, chemical pesticide group, and control group. This shows that using a mixture of seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract as a pesticide synergist, combined with basic chemical pesticides, results in a pesticide formulation with better efficacy in controlling watermelon wilt. The combined effect is superior to using basic chemical pesticides, seaweed residue, or lotus seedpod extract alone.

[0037] Experimental Example 2: Field Experiment Field trials were conducted in a 6-year continuous cropping melon field in Jiyang District, Jinan City, where the concentration of Fusarium oxysporum watermelon-specific strain was 10. 3 CFU / g. The watermelon variety was Zaojia 8424. Watermelons were planted at conventional density. Fifteen days after emergence, uniformly growing watermelon seedlings were randomly divided into 5 groups, each with an area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The experimental groups were treated with pesticide formulations prepared for controlling watermelon wilt, as described in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, by irrigating the roots of the plants. These were designated as the compound group, lotus seedpod group, seaweed residue group, and chemical pesticide group. The pesticide formulations were diluted in water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1g:500ml, with a dosage of 50L per mu. The control group received an equal amount of water irrigated to the roots of the plants. After 30 days, each group underwent a second root irrigation. Thirty days after the last irrigation, 20 plants were randomly selected from each treatment. The disease index was calculated, and the control efficacy was determined. The grading standards and calculation methods were the same as in Example 1. From the 90th day after seed germination, the yield per plant and the yield per mu were recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Table 2 Field control effect According to the field experiment data in Table 2, the disease index of the compound group was 7.22%, the relative control efficacy was 82.44%, the yield per plant was 9.75 ± 0.35 kg, and the yield per mu (667 square meters) was 2865 kg. The results of the compound group were better than those of the lotus seedpod group, seaweed residue group, chemical pesticide group, and control group. It is evident that using a mixture of seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract as a pesticide synergist, combined with basic chemical pesticides, results in a pesticide formulation with better efficacy in controlling watermelon wilt. The combined effect is superior to using basic chemical pesticides, seaweed residue, or lotus seedpod extract alone.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt disease, characterized in that, It consists of basic chemical agents and pesticide synergists, with a mass ratio of 1:(2-4). The basic chemical agents are carbendazim and isopyrazosulfuron, and the pesticide synergists include at least one of seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract.

2. The pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of lotus seedpod extract is as follows: Fresh lotus pods were selected, washed, and dried at 85℃. The powder was then pulverized and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. 50g of the sieved powder was added to a 50% ethanol aqueous solution at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1g:3mL. The mixture was extracted three times at 70℃. The extracts were combined and concentrated to 100mL. The mixture was centrifuged at 4500r / min for 20min and the precipitate was freeze-dried to obtain the lotus pod extract.

3. The pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In basic chemical reagents, the mass ratio of carbendazim to isopropionate is (0.5-5):(0.5-5).

4. The pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt according to claim 3, characterized in that, In basic chemical reagents, the mass ratio of carbendazim to isopropionate is 1:

1.

5. The pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt according to claim 1, characterized in that, In pesticide synergists, the mass ratio of seaweed residue to lotus seedpod extract is (3-10):(0.5-5).

6. The pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the pesticide synergist, the mass ratio of seaweed residue to lotus seedpod extract is 6:

1.

7. The method for preparing the pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The basic chemical agent is obtained by mixing carbendazim and iprodione. The pesticide synergist is obtained by mixing seaweed residue and lotus seedpod extract. The basic chemical agent and the pesticide synergist are then mixed to obtain a pesticide formulation for controlling watermelon wilt.

8. The use of the pesticide formulation according to any one of claims 1-6 in any one of the following (1)-(3): (1) Prevention and control of watermelon wilt disease; (2) Increase the height of watermelon plants; (3) Increase the yield per watermelon plant and the yield per mu.

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