Biodegradable environment-friendly cleaning agent

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cleaning agents, and discloses a biodegradable environment-friendly cleaning agent, which comprises: a composite surfactant system comprising at least one nonionic surfactant, an ampholytic surfactant and a chelating functional surfactant; the plant extract oil system comprises limonene and a eucalyptus oil mixture; the functional particle system comprises nanoscale enzyme microcapsules and slow-release type oxidized particles; the natural polysaccharide stable network system comprises at least two polysaccharide thickeners and a bio-based cross-linking agent, and the assistant system comprises a metal ion chelating agent, a buffer acid system and water. By introducing sodium polyaspartate as a green chelating surfactant, efficient chelating of calcium and magnesium ions under a hard water condition is realized, the cleaning power is remarkably improved, water stain residues are reduced, and the cleaning performance with wider adaptability is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cleaning agent technology, specifically to a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent. Background Technology

[0002] Biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agents are functional cleaning products synthesized or extracted using biotechnology based on natural and renewable raw materials. Their core components can be decomposed by microorganisms in the natural environment into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass, avoiding the pollution and residue problems associated with traditional chemical cleaning agents. These cleaning agents contain active ingredients such as surfactants, enzymes, and plant extracts, effectively removing common dirt such as oil stains, limescale, and grime while maintaining mild chemical properties. They are suitable for use in various scenarios, including food processing, medical equipment, and household cleaning.

[0003] With increasing global environmental awareness and stricter regulations on chemical pollutant emissions, traditional petrochemical-based cleaning agents, containing phosphates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, are increasingly limited in their application due to their potential to cause eutrophication, soil compaction, and air pollution. Furthermore, some chemical components in traditional cleaning agents may irritate human skin and respiratory tract, posing health risks. In contrast, biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agents, with their low toxicity and biodegradability, not only meet the green development needs under the "dual carbon" goals but also satisfy consumers' urgent expectations for healthy and safe products. Driven by both environmental policies and evolving market demands, they have become a crucial direction for technological innovation in the cleaning industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent that solves the problem of existing phosphate-based sodium tripolyphosphate cleaning agents, which easily lead to algal blooms after discharge, deplete dissolved oxygen in the water, cause fish and other aquatic organisms to die from oxygen deficiency, and disrupt the balance of the aquatic ecosystem.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent, comprising:

[0007] A composite surfactant system comprises at least one nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a chelating functional surfactant.

[0008] Plant-derived oil system, including a mixture of limonene and eucalyptus oil;

[0009] Functional particle systems, including nanoscale enzyme microcapsules and sustained-release oxidative particles;

[0010] A natural polysaccharide-stabilized network system, comprising at least two polysaccharide thickeners and a class of bio-based crosslinking agents;

[0011] The additive system includes metal ion chelating agents, buffer acid systems, and water.

[0012] Preferably, the composite surfactant system comprises 12–24% by mass, the nonionic surfactant comprises modified alkyl glycosides comprising 8–15% by mass, the amphoteric surfactant comprises betaine-type surfactants comprising 3–6% by mass, and the chelating functional surfactant comprises sodium polyaspartate comprising 1–3% by mass.

[0013] The plant extract oil system comprises a mixture of limonene and eucalyptus oil, at a mass percentage of 3–5%.

[0014] Preferably, the functional particle system comprises 1.5–3.5% by mass, and the nanoscale enzyme microcapsules comprise 1.0–2.0% by mass.

[0015] The slow-release oxidation particles comprise sodium percarbonate coated with calcium carbonate, at a mass percentage of 0.5–1.5%.

[0016] The natural polysaccharide stable network system comprises 1.0–1.5% by mass, and the polysaccharide thickener comprises a combination of guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl chitosan, comprising 0.7–1.2% by mass.

[0017] The bio-based crosslinking agent includes citric acid and maltitol, at a mass percentage of 0.1–0.3%;

[0018] The mass percentage of the auxiliary agent system is 2.0–5.0%, the mass percentage of the metal ion chelating agent includes potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, and sodium succinate is 1.5–3.5%, the mass percentage of the buffer acid system includes lactic acid is 0.5–1.0%, and water is used to make up the remaining percentage to 100%.

[0019] Preferably, the functional particle system includes nanoenzyme microcapsules with a particle size of 100–150 nm, wherein the enzyme microcapsules are formed by a double-layered shell composed of modified chitosan and sodium alginate, and the slow-release oxidation particles include sodium percarbonate particles coated with calcium carbonate with a particle size of 300–400 nm.

[0020] A method for preparing a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent includes the following steps:

[0021] First, a composite surfactant system is prepared by dissolving at least one nonionic surfactant, one amphoteric surfactant and one chelating functional surfactant in water to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0022] After the mixture is fully mixed, the plant extract oil system is emulsified and dispersed in the mixture.

[0023] Then, nanoscale enzyme microcapsules and sustained-release oxidative particles were prepared to form a functional particle system with a cross-linked coating structure.

[0024] Construct a stable network system formed by a variety of natural polysaccharides and bio-based cross-linking agents;

[0025] Functional particles are embedded in the network architecture;

[0026] Add the additive system, then perform vacuum degassing and complete the filling.

[0027] Preferably, the nonionic surfactant is a modified alkyl glycoside, the amphoteric surfactant is a betaine-type surfactant, and the chelating functional surfactant is sodium polyaspartate, with the total mass of the three accounting for 12–24% of the formulation.

[0028] Preferably, the plant extract oil system comprises limonene and eucalyptus oil mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio, with the total mass accounting for 3–5% of the formulation, an emulsification temperature of 45–50°C, and an emulsification time of 10–15 minutes.

[0029] Preferably, the nanoenzyme microcapsules have a particle size of 100–150 nm and are formed by encapsulating a mixture of lipase and protease in a modified chitosan and sodium alginate double-layer coating structure and then undergoing ultrasonic treatment.

[0030] Preferably, the slow-release oxidized particles are calcium carbonate coated sodium percarbonate particles with a particle size of 300–400 nm, prepared by spray drying. The stable network system is composed of three natural polysaccharides: guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl chitosan, and is supplemented with citric acid and maltitol as crosslinking agents to construct a three-dimensional gel structure.

[0031] Preferably, the functional particles are added at a temperature of 30–40°C, a stirring speed of 200–400 rpm, and a stirring time of 5–10 minutes to allow the particles to be uniformly dispersed in the colloid. The auxiliary agent system includes a metal chelating agent composed of potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, and sodium succinate, and a buffer acid system composed of lactic acid to adjust the pH to 5.5–6.2.

[0032] This invention provides a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. This invention introduces sodium polyaspartate as a green chelating surfactant to achieve efficient chelation of calcium and magnesium ions under hard water conditions, significantly improving cleaning power and reducing water stain residue, resulting in cleaning performance with wider applicability.

[0034] 2. This invention achieves a dual cleaning mechanism of natural volatile oil and surfactant by synergistically emulsifying limonene and eucalyptus oil into the system, thereby enhancing the removal efficiency of odors and organic stains and obtaining superior stain removal and deodorization effects.

[0035] 3. This invention achieves continuous decomposition and cleaning of stubborn oil stains by synergistic combination of nanoenzyme microcapsules and slow-release oxidation particles, improves the cleaning rate under low temperature conditions, and obtains a more environmentally friendly and energy-saving cleaning solution.

[0036] 4. This invention constructs a three-dimensional network structure of polysaccharides, citric acid, and chitosan to achieve stable suspension of functional particles and maintain a uniform dispersion state, significantly improving the product's storage stability and pH buffering performance, resulting in a longer-lasting and higher-quality user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] This invention provides a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent, comprising:

[0040] A composite surfactant system comprises at least one nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a chelating functional surfactant.

[0041] Plant-derived oil system, including a mixture of limonene and eucalyptus oil;

[0042] Functional particle systems, including nanoscale enzyme microcapsules and sustained-release oxidative particles;

[0043] A natural polysaccharide-stabilized network system, comprising at least two polysaccharide thickeners and a class of bio-based crosslinking agents;

[0044] The additive system includes metal ion chelating agents, buffer acid systems, and water.

[0045] The complex surfactant system comprises 12–24% by mass, including nonionic surfactants such as modified alkyl glycosides at 8–15% by mass, amphoteric surfactants such as betaine-type surfactants at 3–6% by mass, and chelating functional surfactants such as sodium polyaspartate at 1–3% by mass.

[0046] The plant-derived oil system comprises a mixture of limonene and eucalyptus oil, at a mass percentage of 3–5%.

[0047] Specifically, to address the limitations of traditional cleaning agents such as limited cleaning power, poor biodegradability, and chemical residues, this invention proposes a composite cleaning system based on green raw materials. The core of this system is the synergistic effect of a composite surfactant and plant-derived oils, possessing high-efficiency detergency, environmental friendliness, and multi-interface adaptability. The composite surfactant content in this system is 12–24%, composed of three types of surfactants: nonionic, amphoteric, and chelating functional surfactants. The nonionic portion uses modified alkyl glycosides (8–15%), whose structure has a hydrophilic / hydrophobic balance. After modification, its interfacial activity is enhanced, rapidly reducing surface tension at low concentrations and effectively emulsifying oil stains. This component has a synergistic effect with plant oil molecules, improving cleaning efficiency. The amphoteric portion is a betaine-type surfactant (3–6%), possessing good pH stability and ionic resistance, maintaining cleaning power in different water qualities. Its molecules can form a stable layer at the interface, enhancing foam performance, and co-form hydrophobic microclusters with the nonionic surfactant, effectively adsorbing and separating oil contaminants.

[0048] The chelating functional component is sodium polyaspartate (1–3%), which can complex metal ions in water, reducing scale and detergent ineffectiveness, while simultaneously constructing a complex microstructure to prevent redeposition of stains. Its structure is completely degradable, avoiding the environmental hazards of chelating agents such as EDTA. To enhance oil removal and dispersion performance, this invention introduces a plant-derived oil system at a mass percentage of 3–5%, composed of limonene and eucalyptus oil. Limonene is volatile and organically soluble, enabling it to quickly penetrate oil films and promote their rupture; eucalyptus oil contains eucalyptol, which helps reduce the adhesion strength of contaminants and improves interfacial permeability. Both components synergistically construct hydrophobic channels with surfactants during the cleaning process, accelerating oil desorption and redispersion. The volatility of limonene also reduces residue and improves safety. The composite surfactant and plant-derived oil synergistically construct the core detergency system of this invention, achieving the technical goals of high-efficiency cleaning, green degradation, and biodegradability without relying on traditional strong alkalis or phosphates, and providing a stable interfacial foundation for subsequent multiphase particulate systems.

[0049] The functional particle system comprises 1.5–3.5% by mass, while the nanoscale enzyme microcapsules comprise 1.0–2.0% by mass.

[0050] The slow-release oxidation particles consist of calcium carbonate coated with sodium percarbonate, at a mass percentage of 0.5–1.5%.

[0051] The natural polysaccharide-stabilized network system comprises 1.0–1.5% by mass, and the polysaccharide thickeners, including a combination of guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl chitosan, comprise 0.7–1.2% by mass.

[0052] Bio-based crosslinking agents include citric acid and maltitol, at a mass percentage of 0.1–0.3%;

[0053] The additive system comprises 2.0–5.0% by mass, the metal ion chelating agents include potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, and sodium succinate, comprising 1.5–3.5% by mass, the buffer acid system includes lactic acid, comprising 0.5–1.0% by mass, and water is used to bring the remaining percentages to 100%.

[0054] Specifically, to further enhance the cleaning agent's ability to break down, decompose, and control redeposition of complex stain structures, a multi-synergistic structure was constructed, comprising a functional particle system, a natural polysaccharide stable network system, and a supporting additive system. These systems both enhance and supplement the cleaning power. The functional particle system, added at a mass percentage of 1.5–3.5%, mainly consists of nanoscale enzyme microcapsules and slow-release oxidation particles. The enzyme microcapsule content is 1.0–2.0%, achieved through nano-encapsulation of lipase and protease. Its core is composed of an active enzyme complex, and the outer shell is a bilayer structure formed by cross-linking modified chitosan and sodium alginate, with a particle size controlled at 100–150 nm. This structure effectively protects the enzyme's stability in a water-soluble environment and gradually releases it upon heating or pH changes at the stain contact interface, thereby decomposing protein and lipid contaminants. Unlike traditional free enzymes, the microcapsule structure improves the enzyme's storage resistance and target selectivity, representing a significant breakthrough in the efficient degradation of organic stains. The slow-release oxidation particles are calcium carbonate coated with sodium percarbonate, with a content of 0.5–1.5%. This design uses calcium carbonate to construct an inert outer shell, slowing down the decomposition and release rate of sodium percarbonate, thus creating a slow-release oxidation environment. The released active oxygen forms oxide film channels at the interface, which helps to disrupt the cross-linked structure of oils and fats, improving cleaning efficiency, while not producing strong oxidative byproducts, demonstrating excellent green degradation characteristics.

[0055] To achieve uniform distribution and stable existence of the particulate system in solution, this invention introduces a natural polysaccharide stabilizing network system at a mass ratio of 1.0–1.5%. This system consists of guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl chitosan (0.7–1.2%), supplemented with citric acid and maltitol as bio-based crosslinking agents (0.1–0.3%), forming a three-dimensional gel network through a thermally induced crosslinking reaction. This network maintains solution viscosity while possessing good containment and redispersibility, effectively fixing the positions of enzyme capsules and oxidized particles, preventing sedimentation and aggregation, and improving suspension stability. The polysaccharide system itself is biodegradable and does not affect the subsequent functional release of surfactants and enzymes, making it one of the key supports for the stable composite structure of this invention. Simultaneously, the adjuvant system plays a role in structural optimization and environmental adaptation in the overall performance. The system comprises 2.0–5.0% by mass, with a metal ion chelating agent accounting for 1.5–3.5%. A combination of potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, and sodium succinate is used to complex hard water ions such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in water, preventing deposition and maintaining the function of the active components. Lactic acid (0.5–1.0%) is used in the buffer acid system to adjust the system pH to the suitable range for enzyme activity (pH 5.5–6.2), while simultaneously controlling the acid-base balance of the microenvironment and reducing irritation to skin or material surfaces.

[0056] The functional particle system includes nanoenzyme microcapsules with a particle size of 100–150 nm, which are formed by a double-layered shell composed of modified chitosan and sodium alginate. The slow-release oxidation particles include sodium percarbonate particles coated with calcium carbonate with a particle size of 300–400 nm.

[0057] Specifically, the functional particle system not only enhances the cleaning agent's ability to treat complex stains but also improves the release control and environmental adaptability of active ingredients. This system comprises nanoenzyme microcapsules with a particle size of 100–150 nm and slow-release oxidation particles with a particle size of 300–400 nm, with a total mass percentage of 1.5–3.5%. It demonstrates significant technological advancements in structural and functional design. The core of the nanoenzyme microcapsules lies in the stabilization and targeted release control of enzyme molecules. Their structure consists of a double-layered shell composed of modified chitosan and sodium alginate, which forms a dense capsule wall through electrostatic compounding, effectively protecting enzyme activity from external pH or temperature fluctuations. During the cleaning process, the capsule structure gradually unpacks upon contact with the stain surface or under specific microenvironmental conditions, releasing internal functional enzymes such as lipases and proteases for specific degradation of organic stains. Compared to the problems of easy inactivation and uneven distribution of free enzymes in traditional cleaning agents, the encapsulation structure used in this invention significantly improves enzyme utilization efficiency and continuous cleaning ability.

[0058] The slow-release oxidizing particles utilize a calcium carbonate-coated sodium percarbonate shell structure, controlling the particle size between 300 and 400 nm. This design balances mechanical protection and release regulation. The outer calcium carbonate layer, a slightly soluble inorganic material, gradually releases the core sodium percarbonate during slow dissolution, achieving a gentle and continuous oxidative cleaning function. The released active oxygen has a certain detergency and bactericidal effect, particularly destructive to oil oxidation products and biofilms. Compared to traditional strong oxidants that easily produce irritating byproducts, the coated particles of this invention offer gentle release and high selectivity, making them more suitable for biodegradable green cleaning systems. The functional particle system employs a synergistic design of "enzymatic degradation + slow-release oxidation," transforming the cleaning process from physical interfacial activity to a composite physical-chemical-biological mechanism. This structure not only improves the treatment efficiency of complex stains but also demonstrates significant advantages in safety, environmental compatibility, and technological integration.

[0059] Please see the appendix Figure 1 A method for preparing a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent includes the following steps:

[0060] First, a composite surfactant system is prepared by dissolving at least one nonionic surfactant, one amphoteric surfactant and one chelating functional surfactant in water to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0061] After the mixture is fully mixed, the plant extract oil system is emulsified and dispersed in the mixture.

[0062] Then, nanoscale enzyme microcapsules and sustained-release oxidative particles were prepared to form a functional particle system with a cross-linked coating structure.

[0063] Construct a stable network system formed by a variety of natural polysaccharides and bio-based cross-linking agents;

[0064] Embed functional particles into the network architecture;

[0065] Add the additive system, then perform vacuum degassing and complete the filling.

[0066] The nonionic surfactant is a modified alkyl glycoside, the amphoteric surfactant is a betaine-type surfactant, and the chelating functional surfactant is sodium polyaspartate. The total mass of the three accounts for 12–24% of the formulation.

[0067] Specifically, the composite surfactant system adopts a synergistic compounding mode of three types of structures: nonionic, amphoteric, and chelating functional types, with the total mass of the three accounting for 12-24% of the cleaning agent formulation. This structural combination fully considers cleaning power, environmental adaptability, and ingredient safety, and is the basis for realizing the multi-interface and wide applicability cleaning function of this invention. Among them, the nonionic surfactant is a modified alkyl glycoside, which has good interfacial activity and mildness. After its molecular structure is reconstructed by hydrophobic segments, its hydrophilic / hydrophobic ratio is more balanced, which can significantly reduce surface tension at low concentrations, while having strong oil emulsification and dispersion capabilities, especially suitable for the removal of lipid and wax contaminants.

[0068] The amphoteric surfactant portion has a betaine-type structure, providing excellent foam stability and pH buffering capacity in this system. This component maintains interfacial activity in hard water, weakly acidic, or weakly alkaline environments, and through its internal electroneutrality, constructs a stable adsorption layer on the surface of complex stains, enhancing molecular affinity adsorption behavior during the cleaning process. The chelating surfactant is sodium polyaspartate, which possesses both dispersing and complexing capabilities. This component not only complexes hard water ions such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in water, inhibiting deposit formation, but also forms a reversible bond with the polar regions of the stain surface through its carboxyl structure, blocking redeposition pathways and prolonging the duration of cleaning effectiveness. Compared to traditional EDTA-based chelating agents, sodium polyaspartate exhibits higher biodegradability and eco-friendliness, aligning with the green and environmentally friendly goals of this invention.

[0069] The plant extract oil system consists of limonene and eucalyptus oil mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio, accounting for 3–5% of the total mass of the formulation. The emulsification temperature is 45–50°C, and the emulsification time is 10–15 minutes.

[0070] Specifically, to further enhance the penetration and removal capabilities of cleaning agents for hydrophobic contaminants, a plant-derived oil system was designed as an auxiliary cleaning enhancement unit. This system consists of a 1:1 volume ratio of limonene and eucalyptus oil, accounting for 3–5% of the total formulation. Both are volatile organic oils derived from natural plants, possessing excellent fat solubility and biocompatibility. They provide continuous interfacial penetration and auxiliary swelling during the cleaning process. During formulation preparation, this plant-derived oil system is emulsified at 45–50°C with a stirring time controlled at 10–15 minutes, forming a stable emulsion dispersion phase within the composite surfactant system. This process not only ensures the uniform distribution of the oil phase in the aqueous system but also enhances its reaction efficiency at the interface with the contaminants.

[0071] Limonene, a natural terpene compound, possesses strong non-polar organic dissolving power, enabling it to rapidly penetrate the structure of lipid contaminants and promote their dispersion and desorption. Eucalyptus oil contains active components such as eucalyptol, exhibiting mild bactericidal and penetrating properties, which can help disrupt the adsorption and binding between contaminants and the substrate surface. The combination of these two ingredients not only plays a crucial role in improving initial decontamination efficiency but also achieves a gentle yet efficient cleaning process without relying on strong alkalis or petroleum solvents. More importantly, this plant oil system exhibits excellent synergistic emulsification properties with the composite surfactant, forming microscale hydrophobic channels at the interface. This promotes the deep penetration of subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidative particles, thereby enhancing the multi-stage decontamination mechanism of the cleaning system of this invention.

[0072] The nanoenzyme microcapsules have a particle size of 100–150 nm. They are formed by encapsulating a mixture of lipase and protease in a modified chitosan and sodium alginate double-layer coating structure and then undergoing ultrasonic treatment.

[0073] Specifically, modified chitosan, used as the inner coating material, enhances its aqueous stability and pH response by introducing hydrophilic groups, effectively protecting the internal enzyme molecules from the influence of the solution environment. The outer layer is formed by sodium alginate cross-linking to create a loose ionic network, providing not only an additional physical barrier but also endowing the capsule with certain mechanical strength and controlled release capability. This bilayer structure combines electrostatic composite and physical encapsulation to form a stable nanocapsule shell. During the preparation process, the enzyme and coating material are premixed under certain conditions and then treated with ultrasound to ensure a compact and uniform structure. Ultrasound can effectively reduce particle size and prevent aggregation, improving the dispersibility and storage stability of the microcapsules.

[0074] Functionally, these microcapsules can slowly release enzyme-active components in response to triggering conditions such as temperature, pH, or interfacial adsorption during the cleaning process, achieving targeted decomposition of protein and lipid stains. Compared with traditional free enzymes, encapsulation technology significantly prolongs the enzyme's activity cycle, reduces enzyme activity loss, and avoids inactivation reactions with other components (such as oxidants, acids, and alkalis). Therefore, this nanoenzyme microcapsule structure not only improves the stain decomposition ability of the cleaning agent of this invention, but also achieves stable embedding and on-demand release of enzymes in the composite system.

[0075] The slow-release oxidized particles are calcium carbonate coated with sodium percarbonate particles with a particle size of 300–400 nm, which are prepared by spray drying. The stable network system is composed of three natural polysaccharides: guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl chitosan, and is supplemented with citric acid and maltitol as crosslinking agents to construct a three-dimensional gel structure.

[0076] Specifically, the slow-release oxidizing particles are calcium carbonate particles with a diameter of 300–400 nm coated with sodium percarbonate microparticles, prepared by spray drying. The outer layer of calcium carbonate is a weakly alkaline material with low solubility, which slowly dissolves in the cleaning solution, controlling the release rate of the internal sodium percarbonate. This allows for the continuous release of mild active oxygen during the cleaning process, improving the treatment efficiency for difficult-to-clean structures such as oxidized oil films and biofilms. Compared to directly using oxidants, this coating structure avoids the explosive and instantaneous deactivation of oxidation reactions, making the cleaning process more controllable and safer, especially suitable for environmentally friendly use in home and public settings. To ensure the stable suspension and synergistic effect of the oxidizing particles and other functional components in the system, this invention further constructs a natural polysaccharide stable network system. This system is composed of three natural polysaccharides: guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl chitosan, supplemented with citric acid and maltitol as crosslinking agents, forming a three-dimensional gel structure through thermal induction or pH adjustment. This network has good swelling properties, rheological stability and biodegradability, which can not only improve the adhesion and durability of the system, but also effectively limit particle sedimentation and aggregation, and ensure the spatial uniformity and reaction synergy of enzyme capsules and oxidized particles in the cleaning solution.

[0077] This three-dimensional structure forms a "micelle-particle nesting" structure at the microscale, which can both act as a carrier to buffer the local release of functional particles and synergistically form a stable interfacial film with surfactants, enhancing the adhesion and action time of the cleaning solution on the stain surface.

[0078] The functional particles are added at a temperature of 30–40°C, with a stirring speed of 200–400 rpm and a stirring time of 5–10 minutes, to ensure uniform dispersion of the particles in the colloid. The additive system includes a metal chelating agent composed of potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, and sodium succinate, and a buffer acid system composed of lactic acid to adjust the pH to 5.5–6.2.

[0079] Specifically, to ensure the uniform dispersion and stable existence of the functional particle system in the cleaning solution, the addition conditions were set at a temperature range of 30–40°C, a stirring speed of 200–400 rpm, and a duration of 5–10 minutes. This temperature range helps maintain the structural integrity of the nanoenzyme capsules and sustained-release oxidation particles, while enhancing their flowability and interfacial affinity in a colloidal environment. With moderate stirring, the particles are fully dispersed and embedded in a three-dimensional stable network structure, preventing aggregation and sedimentation, and improving their reaction efficiency and consistency during use.

[0080] Furthermore, to achieve pH control and water quality adaptability of the system, this invention introduces an auxiliary agent system as a functional adjustment module. This system includes a metal ion chelating agent complex composed of potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, and sodium succinate, and a buffer acid system primarily composed of lactic acid. Under reasonable component ratios, this combination not only effectively complexes hard water ions such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the water, preventing sediment from interfering with the cleaning effect, but also, through the buffering effect of lactic acid, maintains the pH of the entire system stably within a mild range of 5.5–6.2. This pH range is both the optimal environment for enzyme activity and the point where the structural stability of most household stains (such as protein and fat contaminants) is lowest, which is beneficial for enhancing the synergistic decomposition effect of enzymatic hydrolysis and particle oxidation. Simultaneously, this mild acidic range significantly reduces irritation to skin, fabrics, and surface materials, improving the actual safety and application range of the product. This is achieved through precise control of particle dispersion process parameters and the synergistic effect of the auxiliary agent system in water quality optimization and environmental stability.

[0081] Example 1:

[0082] This embodiment provides a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent, whose components, by mass percentage, are: 8.0% modified alkyl glycoside, 3.0% betaine-type surfactant, 1.0% sodium polyaspartate, 1.5% limonene, 1.5% eucalyptus oil, 1.0% nanoenzyme microcapsules, 0.5% slow-release oxidizing particles, 0.3% guar gum, 0.2% xanthan gum, 0.2% hydroxypropyl chitosan, 0.05% citric acid, 0.05% maltitol, 0.5% potassium citrate, 0.5% sodium gluconate, 0.5% sodium succinate, 0.5% lactic acid, with the balance being water to bring the total to 100%. The preparation method is as follows: three surfactants are dissolved in a portion of water and mixed to form a homogeneous solution. Then, limonene and eucalyptus oil mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio are added at 45°C and stirred and emulsified for 10 minutes. After preparing nanoenzyme microcapsules and sustained-release oxidative particles, they are added to the system and dispersed evenly at 300 rpm for 8 minutes at 30–40°C. Guar gum, xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl chitosan, citric acid, and maltitol are then added to construct a gel network. Subsequently, a metal ion chelating agent and lactic acid are added to adjust the pH to 5.5. After vacuum degassing, the mixture is filled.

[0083] Example 2:

[0084] This embodiment provides a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent, whose components, by mass percentage, are: 11.5% modified alkyl glycoside, 4.5% betaine-type surfactant, 2.0% sodium polyaspartate, 2.5% limonene, 2.5% eucalyptus oil, 1.5% nanoenzyme microcapsules, 1.0% slow-release oxidizing particles, 0.4% guar gum, 0.3% xanthan gum, 0.3% hydroxypropyl chitosan, 0.1% citric acid, 0.2% maltitol, 1.0% potassium citrate, 1.0% sodium gluconate, 1.0% sodium succinate, 0.75% lactic acid, with the balance being water to bring the total to 100%. In preparation, the composite surfactant is first mixed in water, and then the plant extract oil system is added at 47°C and emulsified for 15 minutes. After preparing and adding enzyme microcapsules and sustained-release granules, the mixture is stirred at 37°C and 300 rpm for 8 minutes. Natural polysaccharides and cross-linking agents are added to form a stable gel network. Finally, chelating agents and buffering acids are added to adjust the pH to 5.8, and the mixture is filled after vacuum degassing.

[0085] Example 3:

[0086] This embodiment provides a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent, whose components, by mass percentage, are: 15.0% modified alkyl glycoside, 6.0% betaine-type surfactant, 3.0% sodium polyaspartate, 2.5% limonene, 2.5% eucalyptus oil, 2.0% nanoenzyme microcapsules, 1.5% slow-release oxidizing particles, 0.5% guar gum, 0.4% xanthan gum, 0.3% hydroxypropyl chitosan, 0.15% citric acid, 0.15% maltitol, 1.2% potassium citrate, 1.2% sodium gluconate, 1.1% sodium succinate, 1.0% lactic acid, with the balance being water to bring the total to 100%. The preparation method includes: mixing surfactants in proportion to form a basic system; adding plant extract oil and emulsifying for 15 minutes at 50°C; uniformly dispersing functional particles by stirring at 400 rpm for 10 minutes at 40°C; subsequently adding polysaccharides and cross-linking agents to form a three-dimensional network; adding auxiliary agents and adjusting the pH to 6.2; degassing; and then packaging.

[0087] Comparative Example 1:

[0088] The difference from Example 1 is that sodium polyaspartate was not added; otherwise, they are the same.

[0089] Comparative Example 2:

[0090] The difference from Example 1 is that no slow-release oxidation particles were added; otherwise, they are the same.

[0091] Comparative Example 3:

[0092] Compared to Example 2, the difference is that eucalyptus oil was not added to the plant extract oil system, which only contains limonene, while the rest are the same.

[0093] Comparative Example 4:

[0094] The difference from Example 2 is that xanthan gum and citric acid were not added; otherwise, they are the same.

[0095] Comparative Example 5:

[0096] The difference from Example 3 is that citric acid and maltitol were not added, but everything else is the same.

[0097] Comparative Example 6:

[0098] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the total amount of surfactant is reduced by 3%, of which the modified alkyl glycoside is reduced by 2% and the betaine is reduced by 1%, while the rest are the same.

[0099] Comparative Example 7:

[0100] The difference from Example 2 is that no nanoenzyme microcapsules were added; otherwise, they are the same.

[0101] Comparative Example 8:

[0102] The difference from Example 1 is that hydroxypropyl chitosan was not added; otherwise, they are the same.

[0103] Table 1: Performance Test Results

[0104] serial number Formula type Cleaning power (%) Oil decomposition efficiency (%) Storage stability Example 1 - 89.5 87.2 No settlement, no stratification Comparative Example 1 Chelating agent-free 75.8 73.4 Slight sedimentation Comparative Example 2 Non-oxidizing particles 70.3 60.5 No layering Example 2 - 91.2 88.5 No settlement, no stratification Comparative Example 3 Eucalyptus oil-free 82.7 76.4 No settlement Comparative Example 4 xanthan gum free 78.9 77.3 Layering occurs Comparative Example 7 Nanoenzyme-free microcapsules 74.4 66.8 Significant subsidence Example 3 - 93.1 90.7 No settlement, no stratification Comparative Example 5 No cross-linking agent 79.2 77.1 The gel is loose and easily settles. Comparative Example 6 surfactant reduced by 3% 82.1 80 No settlement Comparative Example 8 Chitosan-free 76.5 71.3 No obvious structure

[0105] Table 1 Explanation: Cleaning power represents the decontamination efficiency of standard composite soiled cloth (expressed as a percentage of mass loss), with a value higher than 85% considered excellent. The oil decomposition efficiency test uses vegetable oil to simulate the degradation rate of pollutants, mainly examining the synergistic effect of biological enzymes and oxidation systems. The storage stability test measures whether the sample exhibits sedimentation, stratification, or viscosity changes after being left to stand at room temperature for 7 days. The pH stability test measures the range of pH fluctuations before and after storage, with a value ≤ ±0.2 indicating high stability.

[0106] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent, characterized in that, include: A composite surfactant system comprises at least one nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a chelating functional surfactant. Plant-derived oil system, including a mixture of limonene and eucalyptus oil; Functional particle systems, including nanoscale enzyme microcapsules and sustained-release oxidative particles; A natural polysaccharide-stabilized network system, comprising at least two polysaccharide thickeners and a class of bio-based crosslinking agents; The additive system includes metal ion chelating agents, buffer acid systems, and water.

2. The biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite surfactant system comprises 12–24% by mass, the nonionic surfactant comprises modified alkyl glycosides comprising 8–15% by mass, the amphoteric surfactant comprises betaine-type surfactants comprising 3–6% by mass, and the chelating functional surfactant comprises sodium polyaspartate comprising 1–3% by mass. The plant extract oil system comprises a mixture of limonene and eucalyptus oil, at a mass percentage of 3–5%.

3. The biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional particle system comprises 1.5–3.5% by mass, and the nanoscale enzyme microcapsules comprise 1.0–2.0% by mass. The slow-release oxidation particles comprise sodium percarbonate coated with calcium carbonate, at a mass percentage of 0.5–1.5%. The natural polysaccharide stable network system comprises 1.0–1.5% by mass, and the polysaccharide thickener comprises a combination of guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl chitosan, comprising 0.7–1.2% by mass. The bio-based crosslinking agent includes citric acid and maltitol, at a mass percentage of 0.1–0.3%; The mass percentage of the auxiliary agent system is 2.0–5.0%, the mass percentage of the metal ion chelating agent includes potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, and sodium succinate is 1.5–3.5%, the mass percentage of the buffer acid system includes lactic acid is 0.5–1.0%, and water is used to make up the remaining percentage to 100%.

4. The biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional particle system includes nanoenzyme microcapsules with a particle size of 100–150 nm, wherein the enzyme microcapsules are formed by a double-layered shell composed of modified chitosan and sodium alginate, and the slow-release oxidation particles include sodium percarbonate particles coated with calcium carbonate with a particle size of 300–400 nm.

5. A method for preparing a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent, applied to the biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: First, a composite surfactant system is prepared by dissolving at least one nonionic surfactant, one amphoteric surfactant and one chelating functional surfactant in water to form a homogeneous mixture. After the mixture is fully mixed, the plant extract oil system is emulsified and dispersed in the mixture. Then, nanoscale enzyme microcapsules and sustained-release oxidative particles were prepared to form a functional particle system with a cross-linked coating structure. Construct a stable network system formed by a variety of natural polysaccharides and bio-based cross-linking agents; Functional particles are embedded in the network architecture; Add the additive system, then perform vacuum degassing and complete the filling.

6. The method for preparing a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nonionic surfactant is a modified alkyl glycoside, the amphoteric surfactant is a betaine-type surfactant, and the chelating functional surfactant is sodium polyaspartate. The total mass of the three components accounts for 12–24% of the formulation.

7. The method for preparing a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The plant extract oil system comprises limonene and eucalyptus oil mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio, with a total mass of 3–5% of the formulation. The emulsification temperature is 45–50°C, and the emulsification time is 10–15 minutes.

8. The method for preparing a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nanoenzyme microcapsules have a particle size of 100–150 nm and are formed by encapsulating a mixture of lipase and protease in a modified chitosan and sodium alginate double-layer coating structure and then undergoing ultrasonic treatment.

9. The method for preparing a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slow-release oxidized particles are calcium carbonate coated with sodium percarbonate particles with a particle size of 300–400 nm, which are prepared by spray drying. The stable network system is composed of three natural polysaccharides: guar gum, xanthan gum, and hydroxypropyl chitosan, and is supplemented with citric acid and maltitol as crosslinking agents to construct a three-dimensional gel structure.

10. The method for preparing a biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaning agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The functional particles are added at a temperature of 30–40°C, with a stirring speed of 200–400 rpm and a stirring time of 5–10 minutes, to ensure uniform dispersion of the particles in the colloid. The additive system includes a metal chelating agent composed of potassium citrate, sodium gluconate, and sodium succinate, and a buffer acid system composed of lactic acid, used to adjust the pH to 5.5–6.2.

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