Battery thermal runaway characteristic comprehensive test system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery testing, and provides a battery thermal runaway characteristic comprehensive test system. Comprising an explosion-proof heat insulation box body (1), a temperature control module (2), a humidity adjusting module (3), an air pressure simulation module (4), a needling / extruding test module (5), an overcharge / discharge test module (6), a vibration test module (7), a gas collection and analysis module (8), a comprehensive control and monitoring module (9) and a safety protection module (10). The explosion-proof heat insulation box body (1) is used for placing a battery to be tested; and the gas collection and analysis module (8) is used for continuously collecting and analyzing gas samples in the anti-explosion heat insulation box body (1). According to the technical scheme, thermal runaway conditions of the battery under various working conditions of different temperatures, humidity, air pressure, mechanical abuse, electric abuse and the like can be comprehensively simulated, and compared with a traditional testing system with a single function, the comprehensiveness of thermal runaway testing of the battery is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of battery testing technology, specifically relating to a comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of battery technology in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and many other fields, battery safety has become an increasingly important focus. Under various extreme conditions, such as overcharging, compression, puncture, vibration, and high temperatures, batteries may experience thermal runaway, leading to serious safety accidents such as fires and explosions. Therefore, in-depth research into the thermal runaway mechanisms of batteries under different abuse conditions is crucial for ensuring their safe use and promoting technological advancements. However, existing battery testing systems are often limited in function and cannot comprehensively simulate the thermal runaway characteristics of batteries under various complex conditions in actual use, thus restricting the optimization space for battery safety design. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to comprehensively simulate the thermal runaway characteristics of batteries under various extreme operating conditions.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics, including an explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure 1, a temperature control module 2, a humidity adjustment module 3, a pressure simulation module 4, a needle penetration / compression test module 5, an overcharge / discharge test module 6, a vibration test module 7, a gas collection and analysis module 8, a comprehensive control and monitoring module 9, and a safety protection module 10.

[0007] The explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure 1 is used to place the battery to be tested; the gas collection and analysis module 8 is used to continuously collect gas samples inside the explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure 1 and analyze them.

[0008] The integrated control and monitoring module 9 includes an intelligent control unit, a multi-channel communication unit, a status monitoring unit, and a data acquisition and processing unit. The intelligent control unit is connected to the temperature control module 2, humidity regulation module 3, air pressure simulation module 4, needle penetration / compression test module 5, overcharge / discharge test module 6, and vibration test module 7. It is used to set the target temperature of the temperature control module 2, the humidity value of the humidity regulation module 3, the air pressure parameters of the air pressure simulation module 4, the mechanical parameters of the needle penetration / compression test module 5, the charge / discharge parameters of the overcharge / discharge test module 6, and the vibration parameters of the vibration test module 7. The multi-channel communication unit is used for data transmission between each module and the status monitoring unit. The status monitoring unit can monitor the working status of each module and various parameters of the battery under test in real time during the test, and transmit the monitoring data to the data acquisition and processing unit. The data acquisition and processing unit is used to collect, store, and process the monitoring data transmitted by the status monitoring unit, generate various data reports and curves during the test, and display them on the human-machine interface.

[0009] The safety protection module 10 includes a ventilation and heat dissipation unit, a leakage protection unit, and an emergency stop unit. The ventilation and heat dissipation unit is used to promptly remove heat and harmful gases from the explosion-proof insulation chamber after the test or in an emergency. The leakage protection unit is used to detect leakage in the system in real time, and automatically cut off the system power supply when the leakage current exceeds the threshold. The emergency stop unit is located on the human-machine interface.

[0010] The external dimensions of the explosion-proof and heat-insulating box are (600~1500)mm×(600~1500)mm×(600~1500)mm.

[0011] The explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure has an internal mounting structure for fixing the battery and various module components.

[0012] The intelligent control unit is built into the human-machine interface.

[0013] The temperature control module is used to adjust the temperature inside the explosion-proof insulation box. Its temperature adjustment range is -70℃ to 250℃, the temperature adjustment accuracy is ±1℃, and the heating and cooling rates are adjustable within the range of 1 to 10℃ / min.

[0014] The humidity control module is used to create different humidity environments inside the explosion-proof insulation box, with a humidity control range of 10% to 98% and a humidity control accuracy of ±1%.

[0015] The air pressure simulation module is used to simulate different air pressure conditions, with an air pressure adjustment range of 1 kPa to 100 kPa and an air pressure adjustment accuracy of ±0.1 kPa.

[0016] The needle penetration / compression test module is used to perform precise needle penetration or compression operations on batteries placed in an explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure. The steel needle movement speed ranges from 0 to 100 mm / s, and the compression force ranges from 0 to 30 kN.

[0017] The overcharge / discharge test module is used to perform overcharge and over-discharge tests on the battery, with a current adjustment range of 0 to 1000A and a voltage range of -50V to 500V.

[0018] The vibration test module is used to simulate the mechanical vibration environment of the battery during actual use or transportation.

[0019] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics can comprehensively simulate the thermal runaway of batteries under various working conditions such as different temperatures, humidity, air pressure, mechanical abuse, and electrical abuse. Compared with traditional single-function test systems, it greatly improves the comprehensiveness of battery thermal runaway testing.

[0022] (2) The various modules achieve efficient collaborative work through the integrated control and monitoring module, and the multi-channel communication unit ensures the stability and high speed of data transmission, thus ensuring the reliability and real-time performance of the entire system.

[0023] (3) The safety protection module effectively protects the personal safety of the test personnel and the normal operation of the test equipment. It can respond to various sudden safety situations in a timely manner during the test and reduce the test risk.

[0024] (4) By collecting, processing and analyzing the test data, we can gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism and law of thermal runaway of batteries under different working conditions, providing a comprehensive and reliable scientific basis for battery safety design, material improvement and production process optimization, which will help promote the safe application and development of battery technology in various fields. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics according to the present invention.

[0026] The components are: 1-Explosion-proof insulation enclosure, 2-Temperature control module, 3-Humidity regulation module, 4-Air pressure simulation module, 5-Needle penetration / compression test module, 6-Overcharge / discharge test module, 7-Vibration test module, 8-Gas acquisition and analysis module, 9-Integrated control and monitoring module, and 10-Safety protection module. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0028] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of a comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics mainly consists of an explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure 1, a temperature control module 2, a humidity regulation module 3, a pressure simulation module 4, a needle penetration / compression test module 5, an overcharge / discharge test module 6, a vibration test module 7, a gas acquisition and analysis module 8, a comprehensive control and monitoring module 9, and a safety protection module 10. The comprehensive control and monitoring module consists of an intelligent control unit, a multi-channel communication unit, a status monitoring unit, and a data acquisition and processing unit. The safety protection module consists of a ventilation and heat dissipation unit, a leakage protection unit, and an emergency stop unit.

[0029] The explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure is made of fireproof, heat-insulating materials that can withstand different air pressures. Its external dimensions are (600~1500)mm*(600~1500)mm*(600~1500)mm. Its interior is equipped with an installation structure for fixing the battery and various test module components, and it has good sealing and explosion-proof capabilities, providing a safe and relatively independent test environment for battery thermal runaway tests.

[0030] The temperature control module can precisely adjust the temperature inside the explosion-proof insulation box. Its temperature adjustment range is -70℃ to 250℃, and the temperature adjustment accuracy reaches ±1℃. The heating and cooling rates are adjustable within the range of (1~10)℃ / min to simulate the influence of different ambient temperatures on the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery.

[0031] The humidity control module can create different humidity environments inside the explosion-proof insulation box, with a humidity control range of 10% to 98% and a humidity control accuracy of ±1%, which is used to study the role of humidity factors in the battery thermal runaway process.

[0032] The pressure simulation module can simulate different pressure conditions, with a pressure adjustment range of 1 kPa to 100 kPa and a pressure adjustment accuracy of ±0.1 kPa, to examine the impact of pressure changes on battery thermal runaway behavior.

[0033] The needle penetration / compression test module can perform precise needle penetration or compression operations on batteries placed in explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosures. The steel needle movement speed ranges from 0 to 100 mm / s, and the compression force ranges from 0 to 30 kN. It can perform needle penetration and compression tests on batteries of various intensities to trigger battery thermal runaway and study its characteristics.

[0034] The overcharge / discharge test module can perform overcharge and over-discharge tests on the battery according to a pre-set program. The current adjustment range is 0 to 1000A, and the voltage range is -50V to 500V, which is used to simulate the thermal runaway process of the battery under abnormal charging and discharging conditions.

[0035] The vibration test module can perform vibration tests on the battery in the X, Y, and Z directions. The acceleration adjustment range is 0-100g, the frequency is 5-2000Hz, and the sweep rate is 0-50oct / min. It is used to simulate the mechanical vibration environment of the battery in actual use or transportation and to verify the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery under extreme vibration conditions.

[0036] The gas acquisition and analysis module acquires the gas generated during the thermal runaway of the battery inside the explosion-proof insulation box and analyzes the gas composition and concentration. The detectable gas types include at least CO, CO2, H2, O2, N2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, and C3H8, in order to obtain information on the types and contents of gases generated during battery thermal runaway.

[0037] The intelligent control unit can control other modules to work together according to preset test parameters and programs, so as to realize the automated control of battery thermal runaway test.

[0038] The multi-channel communication unit ensures stable and high-speed data transmission between the integrated control and monitoring module and other modules, with a data transmission rate of no less than 50Mbps.

[0039] The status monitoring unit can monitor the working status of each module and various parameters of the battery during the test in real time, including but not limited to temperature, voltage, current, air pressure, humidity, force, displacement, vibration acceleration, frequency, etc., and transmit the monitoring data to the data acquisition and processing unit.

[0040] The data acquisition and processing unit collects, stores, and processes the monitoring data transmitted by the state monitoring unit, and can generate various data reports and curves during the test process to analyze and study the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery.

[0041] After the test or in an emergency, the ventilation and heat dissipation unit can promptly remove heat and harmful gases from the explosion-proof insulation chamber, reducing the temperature inside the chamber to below 25°C within 30 minutes and the concentration of harmful gases to below the safety threshold within 10 minutes.

[0042] The leakage protection unit can detect leakage in the system in real time. When the leakage current exceeds 5mA, it can automatically cut off the power supply within 0.1s to ensure the safety of test personnel and equipment.

[0043] The emergency stop unit is located on the human-machine interface. In case of an emergency, the test personnel can immediately trigger the emergency stop unit to stop the entire test system and prevent the danger from escalating further.

[0044] The working process of this invention is as follows: The battery to be tested is placed in a designated position within an explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure. Multiple thermocouples are placed on the battery surface to monitor temperature changes at different locations. Voltage acquisition lines are connected to the battery terminals to monitor voltage changes. Based on the testing requirements, the target temperature for the temperature control module, the humidity value for the humidity adjustment module, the air pressure parameters for the air pressure simulation module, the mechanical parameters for the needle penetration / compression test module, the charge / discharge parameters for the overcharge / discharge test module, or the vibration parameters for the vibration test module are set on the human-machine interface of the integrated control and monitoring module. The integrated control and monitoring module is then activated, and the intelligent control unit sequentially starts each module according to a preset program. For example, the temperature control module and humidity adjustment module are activated first to adjust the environment inside the enclosure to the set temperature and humidity conditions; then the air pressure simulation module is activated to simulate the required air pressure environment. Once the environmental conditions are stable, the needle penetration / compression test module, overcharge / discharge test module, or vibration test module is activated according to the test plan to conduct a thermal runaway test on the battery. During the test, the gas acquisition and analysis module continuously collects and analyzes gas samples inside the enclosure. The data acquisition and processing unit collects and processes data from each module in real time, storing and displaying the data on the human-machine interface. If test parameters reach the set safety threshold or an emergency such as leakage occurs during the test, the safety protection module activates and shuts down the test. After the test, the ventilation and heat dissipation unit activates to dissipate heat and ventilate the explosion-proof insulation enclosure until the temperature and harmful gas concentration inside the enclosure reach safety standards. Operators can export the test data for further analysis and research to evaluate the battery's thermal runaway characteristics under different extreme conditions, providing a basis for battery safety design and optimization.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive testing system for battery thermal runaway characteristics, characterized in that, It includes an explosion-proof insulation enclosure (1), a temperature control module (2), a humidity control module (3), a pressure simulation module (4), a needle penetration / compression test module (5), an overcharge / discharge test module (6), a vibration test module (7), a gas collection and analysis module (8), a comprehensive control and monitoring module (9), and a safety protection module (10). The explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure (1) is used to place the battery to be tested; the gas collection and analysis module (8) is used to continuously collect gas samples inside the explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure (1) and perform analysis. The integrated control and monitoring module (9) includes an intelligent control unit, a multi-channel communication unit, a status monitoring unit, and a data acquisition and processing unit. The intelligent control unit is connected to the temperature control module (2), humidity adjustment module (3), air pressure simulation module (4), needle penetration / compression test module (5), overcharge / discharge test module (6), and vibration test module (7). It is used to set the target temperature of the temperature control module (2), the humidity value of the humidity adjustment module (3), the air pressure parameters of the air pressure simulation module (4), the mechanical parameters of the needle penetration / compression test module (5), the charge and discharge parameters of the overcharge / discharge test module (6), and the vibration parameters of the vibration test module (7). The multi-channel communication unit is used for data transmission between each module and the status monitoring unit. The status monitoring unit can monitor the working status of each module and the parameters of the battery under test in real time during the test, and transmit the monitoring data to the data acquisition and processing unit. The data acquisition and processing unit is used to collect, store, and process the monitoring data transmitted by the status monitoring unit, generate various data reports and curves during the test, and display them on the human-machine interface. The safety protection module (10) includes a ventilation and heat dissipation unit, a leakage protection unit, and an emergency stop unit; the ventilation and heat dissipation unit is used to promptly remove heat and harmful gases from the explosion-proof insulation box after the test or in an emergency; the leakage protection unit is used to detect leakage in the system in real time, and automatically cut off the system power supply when the leakage current exceeds the threshold; the emergency stop unit is located in the human-machine interface.

2. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The external dimensions of the explosion-proof and heat-insulating box are (600~1500)mm×(600~1500)mm×(600~1500)mm.

3. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The explosion-proof and heat-insulating enclosure has an internal mounting structure for fixing the battery and various module components.

4. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control unit is built into the human-machine interface.

5. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control module is used to adjust the temperature inside the explosion-proof insulation box. Its temperature adjustment range is -70℃ to 250℃, the temperature adjustment accuracy is ±1℃, and the heating and cooling rates are adjustable within the range of 1 to 10℃ / min.

6. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The humidity control module is used to create different humidity environments inside the explosion-proof insulation box. The humidity control range is 10% to 98%, and the humidity control accuracy is ±1%.

7. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air pressure simulation module is used to simulate different air pressure conditions, with an air pressure adjustment range of 1 kPa to 100 kPa and an air pressure adjustment accuracy of ±0.1 kPa.

8. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The needle penetration / compression test module is used to perform precise needle penetration or compression operations on batteries placed in explosion-proof and heat-insulating boxes. The steel needle movement speed ranges from 0 to 100 mm / s, and the compression force ranges from 0 to 30 kN.

9. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The overcharge / discharge test module is used to perform overcharge and over-discharge tests on the battery. The current adjustment range is 0 to 1000A, and the voltage range is -50V to 500V.

10. The comprehensive test system for battery thermal runaway characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration test module is used to simulate the mechanical vibration environment of batteries during actual use or transportation.

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