Method for culturing penaeus vannamei boone in saline-alkali soil water body and application of method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of prawn culture, in particular to a method for culturing penaeus vannamei in saline-alkali soil water and application of the method. The culture method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) mixing saline-alkali water with bleaching powder, and disinfecting for 24-48 hours to obtain a disinfected water body; (2) adjusting the content of calcium, magnesium and potassium ions in the disinfected water body to obtain an adjusted water body; (3) sequentially adding EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) and sodium thiosulfate into the adjusted water body, respectively treating for 24-48 hours, and adding organic acid to obtain a detoxified water body; (4) adding brown sugar, monopotassium phosphate and table vinegar into the detoxified water body to obtain fertilizer water; (5) inoculating algae seeds into the fertilizer water, adding EM bacteria and brown sugar, and standing to obtain a water body to be cultivated; and (6) putting the young penaeus vannamei into the to-be-cultivated water body, and cultivating the young penaeus vannamei. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the penaeus vannamei with high survival rate and excellent quality can be cultivated in a short time.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of prawn culture, in particular to a method for culturing penaeus vannamei in saline-alkali water and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Penaeus vannamei is one of the highest yield shrimp species in the world, which has the advantages of fast growth, strong adaptability, delicious meat and the like. However, the traditional penaeus vannamei culture is mostly dependent on seawater resources or freshwater environment in coastal areas.

[0003] Saline-alkali land is widely distributed in the world, and its soil and water have the characteristics of high salt and high alkali. For a long time, it has been regarded as a problem in agriculture and aquaculture, and the land utilization rate is low. If a penaeus vannamei culture method suitable for saline-alkali land can be developed, not only the idle saline-alkali land resources can be fully utilized, but also the space for aquaculture can be expanded, and the economic benefits of the breeders can be increased. At the same time, it also has a positive significance for the ecological improvement of saline-alkali land.

[0004] At present, although there are some explorations on saline-alkali land aquaculture, the systematic and efficient method for culturing penaeus vannamei in saline-alkali land still needs to be improved and innovated. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for culturing penaeus vannamei in saline-alkali water and application thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a method for culturing penaeus vannamei in saline-alkali water, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) mixing saline-alkali water with bleaching powder, disinfecting for 24-48h to obtain disinfected water;

[0009] (2) adjusting the contents of calcium, magnesium and potassium ions in the disinfected water to 200-400mg / L, 600-1200mg / L and 200-400mg / L respectively to obtain adjusted water;

[0010] (3) adding EDTA and baking soda in the adjusted water in sequence, respectively treating for 24-48h, and then adding organic acid to obtain detoxified water;

[0011] (4) adding brown sugar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and vinegar in the detoxified water to obtain fertilized water;

[0012] (5) inoculating algae in the fertilized water, adding EM bacteria and brown sugar, and standing for 2-3d to obtain water to be cultivated;

[0013] (6) Put the Penaeus vannamei into the water to be cultivated, cultivate for 80-90 days, and harvest the Penaeus vannamei.

[0014] Preferably, the adding amount of the bleaching powder in step (1) is 30 g / m 2 ;

[0015] The effective component content in the bleaching powder is ≥30%.

[0016] Preferably, the adding amount of the EDTA in step (3) is 2-3 kg / acre;

[0017] The adding amount of the baking soda in step (3) is 3-5 kg / acre;

[0018] The adding amount of the organic acid in step (3) is 2-3 kg / acre.

[0019] Preferably, the adding amount of the brown sugar in step (4) is 3-5 kg / acre;

[0020] The adding amount of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in step (4) is 45-70 kg / acre;

[0021] The adding amount of the vinegar in step (4) is 10-15 kg / acre.

[0022] Preferably, the final concentration of the EM bacteria after adding in step (5) is 4-6 × 10 8 cfu / m 2 ;

[0023] The adding amount of the brown sugar in step (5) is 2-3 kg / acre.

[0024] Preferably, the pH of the water to be cultivated in step (5) is 8.8-9.0.

[0025] Preferably, when the Penaeus vannamei grows to the hepatopancreas transformation period, the fermented material is added into the bait;

[0026] The mass ratio of the bait to the fermented material is 100:14-16.

[0027] Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented material is as follows: the fermentation bacteria agent, bile acid, brown sugar and water are mixed, and fermented for 2-3 days.

[0028] The fermentation bacteria agent includes lactic acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria.

[0029] The mass ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the butyric acid bacteria in the fermentation bacteria agent is 1-2:1-2.

[0030] The mass ratio of the fermentation bacteria agent to the bile acid is 1-2:1-2.

[0031] The mass ratio of the fermentation microbial agent mixed with brown sugar is 1:2-4;

[0032] The mass ratio of the fermentation microbial agent mixed with water is 1:90-100;

[0033] The initial viable bacterial concentration of the fermentation microbial agent is 1-2x10 8 cfu / g.

[0034] Preferably, during the cultivation, potassium bisulfate composite salt and potassium ferrate are alternately added in the water body to be cultivated every 4-6 days.

[0035] The application also provides the use of the method in cultivating high-quality Penaeus vannamei.

[0036] The cultivation method has the following advantages:

[0037] (1) The cultivation period of Penaeus vannamei is short, and the cultivation can be harvested in 80-90 days;

[0038] (2) The survival rate is high, and the survival rate is increased to more than 95%;

[0039] (3) The tail water during the cultivation is zero emission;

[0040] (4) An automatic detection control system is used in the cultivation of Penaeus vannamei in saline-alkali water body, and the changes of various parameters during the cultivation are detected in real time, thereby providing a basis for cultivating excellent Penaeus vannamei;

[0041] (5) The cultivation method is suitable for saline-alkali areas, and has the characteristics of short cultivation period, high survival rate, and environmental friendliness. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In the application, the physicochemical indexes during the mariculture of Penaeus vannamei are as follows:

[0043] Salinity: 15-30‰;

[0044] Water temperature: 28-32℃;

[0045] pH value: 7.8-8.5;

[0046] Oxygen: ≥5 mg / L.

[0047] In the application, the structure of the cultivation pond during the cultivation is 209 m 2 long, 9.5 m wide, and 0.8-1.2 m deep;

[0048] The circulating tail water treatment system comprises a sedimentation tank, a filter tank, a biological purification tank, a cultivation tank, and a circulating water treatment;

[0049] The parameters monitored by the automated monitoring and control system include dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, sulfite content, and hydrogen sulfide.

[0050] The following detailed description of the solutions provided by the present invention, in conjunction with embodiments, should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] The embodiment of the present invention is aquaculture carried out in saline-alkali water bodies in Yantian Village, Fanjia Town, Dali County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province;

[0052] Physicochemical properties of saline-alkali water in this region before treatment:

[0053] Salinity: 10.03‰; Total hardness: 3203mg / L; Total alkalinity: 198mg / L; pH≥9.8; Calcium: 120mg / L; Magnesium: 80mg / L; Zinc: 0mg / L; Sodium: 4103.7mg / L; Chlorine: 5704.65mg / L.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the feed used for cultivating Litopenaeus vannamei was purchased from Chia Tai Group's shrimp feed.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] Saline-alkali water treatment

[0057] Aquaculture ponds (22m long, 9.5m wide, and 1.0m deep) were constructed in saline-alkali water bodies and placed in a circulating tailwater treatment system (sedimentation tank, filtration tank, biological purification tank, aquaculture pond, and circulating water treatment) and an automated monitoring and control system (the parameters monitored include dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, sulfite content, and hydrogen sulfide).

[0058] Add saline-alkali water to the aquaculture pond at a concentration of 30g / m³. 2 Bleaching powder (with an effective ingredient content ≥30%) was added to the aquaculture pond for three-dimensional disinfection for 24 hours. Magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and calcium chloride were then added to the water until the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and potassium ions reached 300 mg / L, 800 mg / L, and 300 mg / L, respectively, resulting in conditioned water. EDTA was then added to the conditioned water for 48 hours, followed by 4 kg / mu of sodium thiosulfate for another 48 hours. Finally, 2.5 kg / mu of organic acid (vinegar, used to lower pH and activate heavy metals) was added to detoxify the water.

[0059] Add 4 kg / mu of brown sugar, 50 kg / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 12 kg / mu of Shanxi aged vinegar to the detoxified water to obtain fertilized water. Inoculate the fertilized water with 25 g / m³ of... 2 After adding diatoms, the final concentration is 5×10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / m 2EM bacteria, 3 kg / ha of brown sugar, and standing fermentation for 2 days to obtain the water body to be cultivated with pH of 8.8.

[0060] The total hardness, calcium ion content, magnesium ion content, potassium ion content, salinity, sodium ion content, and chloride ion content of the water body to be cultivated were detected. The final results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1 Physical and chemical indexes of the water body to be cultivated

[0062] Total hardness / mg / L Calcium / mg / L Magnesium / mg / L Potassium / mg / L Salinity ‰ Sodium / mg / L Chlorine / mg / L 142 400 850 380 28 10500 19000

[0063] As shown in Table 1, the physical and chemical indexes of the water body after treatment meet the physical and chemical indexes of the sea water cultivation of the Penaeus vannamei, i.e. salinity of 15-30‰, calcium ion content of 200-400 mg / L, magnesium ion content of 600-1200 mg / L, and potassium ion content of 200-400 mg / L.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] Cultivation of Penaeus vannamei

[0066] The Penaeus vannamei shrimp seedlings which were healthy after 48 hours of water test were put into the water body to be cultivated. The shrimp seedlings were fed with No. 0 powder of the shrimp feed of the Everbright Group for 0-6 days after being put into the water body to be cultivated, and were fed with No. 1 bait of the shrimp feed of the Everbright Group for 7-10 days after being put into the water body to be cultivated. The shrimp seedlings were fed with No. 2 bait of the shrimp feed of the Everbright Group for 11-30 days after being put into the water body to be cultivated, and were fed with No. 3 bait of the shrimp feed of the Everbright Group after 30 days.

[0067] The shrimp entered the liver conversion period on the 30th day after the shrimp seedlings were put into the water body to be cultivated, and the fermentation feed was added to the bait to feed the shrimp. The fermentation feed was prepared by mixing lactic acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain fermentation bacteria agent with living bacteria concentration of 2 x 10 8 cfu / g for standby; and by mixing the fermentation bacteria agent, bile acid, brown sugar, and water at a mass ratio of 1:1:3:95 to obtain the fermentation feed after 3 days of fermentation. The mass ratio of the fermentation feed and the bait was 15:100. When the overall cultivation period was 85 days, the average body length of the Penaeus vannamei was 14.6 cm, which reached the market standard, and the Penaeus vannamei was harvested.

[0068] During the whole cultivation period, the potassium bisulfate composite salt (750 g with content of 25%) and the potassium ferrate (500 g with content of 50%) were alternately used for bottom improvement every 5 days.

[0069] During the cultivation period, the survival rate of the Penaeus vannamei could reach 98%.

[0070] From the above examples, the application provides a method for breeding Penaeus vannamei in saline-alkali water body and application thereof. According to the method, Penaeus vannamei can be cultivated in saline-alkali land, and high-quality and high-quality Penaeus vannamei can be harvested within 90 days. The method can also achieve zero discharge of tail water, high survival rate and other effects. It provides a basis for high-quality cultivation of Penaeus vannamei in saline-alkali land.

[0071] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for culturing Litopenaeus vannamei in saline-alkali water, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix saline water with bleaching powder and disinfect for 24-48 hours to obtain disinfected water; (2) Adjust the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and potassium ions in the disinfected water to 200–400 mg / L, 600–1200 mg / L, and 200–400 mg / L, respectively, to obtain the adjusted water. (3) EDTA and sodium thiosulfate were added to the conditioned water body in sequence and treated for 24-48 hours respectively. Then, organic acid was added to obtain the detoxified water body. (4) Add brown sugar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and vinegar to the detoxified water to obtain fertilized water; (5) After inoculating algae into the fertilized water, add EM bacteria and brown sugar, let stand for 2-3 days, and obtain the water body to be cultivated; (6) Release the whiteleg shrimp larvae into the water body to be cultivated, cultivate for 80-90 days, and harvest the whiteleg shrimp.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of bleaching powder added in step (1) is 30g / m 2 ; The bleaching powder contains ≥30% of the active ingredients.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The amount of EDTA added in step (3) is 2-3 kg / mu; The amount of sodium thiosulfate added in step (3) is 3-5 kg / mu; The amount of organic acid added in step (3) is 2-3 kg / mu.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The amount of brown sugar added in step (4) is 3-5 kg / mu; The amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate added in step (4) is 45-70 kg / mu; The amount of vinegar added in step (4) is 10-15 kg / mu.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The final concentration of EM bacteria added in step (5) is 4–6 × 10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / m 2 ; The amount of brown sugar added in step (5) is 2-3 kg / mu.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pH of the water body to be cultivated in step (5) is 8.8 to 9.

0.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the whiteleg shrimp reach the hepatopancreas stage, add fermented feed to their bait. The mass ratio of bait to fermented feed is 100:14-16.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation method of the fermentation material is as follows: mix fermentation agent, bile acid, brown sugar and water, and ferment for 2-3 days; The fermentation agent includes lactic acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria; The mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria to butyric acid bacteria in the fermentation inoculum is 1-2:1-2; The mass ratio of the fermentation agent to bile acid is 1-2:1-2; The mass ratio of the fermentation agent to brown sugar is 1:2 to 4. The mass ratio of the fermentation agent to water is 1:90-100; The initial viable cell concentration of the fermentation agent is 1–2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 cfu / g.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the cultivation process, potassium bisulfate compound salt and potassium ferrate are added alternately to the water body to be cultivated every 4 to 6 days.

10. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the cultivation of high-quality Litopenaeus vannamei.