Solar photovoltaic follow spot compensation system based on Fresnel lens

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar photovoltaic follow spot compensation system based on a Fresnel lens, which comprises an intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system, a follow spot positioning system, a follow spot compensation device and a photovoltaic panel device, and is characterized in that the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system acquires sunlight angle information of the follow spot positioning system in real time; and the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system is used for acquiring illumination data, real-time output current, output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic panel and local temperature, local humidity, local wind direction and wind power data in real time, and dynamically adjusting the Fresnel lens through analysis and processing. Compared with the prior art, a fusion path of'fixed photovoltaic panel equipment and an intelligent light following compensation technology 'is adopted, the system has obvious illumination compensation capability on fixed photovoltaic, has the most obvious gain effect under the condition of weak light, can realize stable power generation gain, and expands the application capability of the system under weak light scenes such as cloudy days and nightfall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on Fresnel mirrors. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of photovoltaic power generation technology, how to improve the energy output efficiency of photovoltaic modules under limited space and less-than-ideal lighting conditions has become a key technical issue.

[0003] Existing fixed photovoltaic installations have significant shortcomings: the average effective power generation time is only 4-5 hours per day, the light energy utilization rate is less than 20%, and the efficiency is severely restricted by environmental factors such as changes in the solar incident angle, cloudy weather, and shading. In addition, high-temperature environments are prone to hot spot effects, which can lead to power decay or even permanent damage to photovoltaic panels, with an average annual power generation loss of 10%-15%.

[0004] To overcome efficiency bottlenecks, solar tracking systems have become an important direction for technological upgrades. Compared with fixed photovoltaic panels, the advantages of solar tracking systems are mainly reflected in the improvement and increase of power and efficiency. Therefore, replacing fixed photovoltaic systems with solar tracking systems has become the first choice for users to increase power generation. Solar tracking systems adjust the overall angle of the photovoltaic panels to ensure that the light is incident perpendicularly, which can increase the utilization rate of light energy to more than 30% and extend the average daily power generation time by 2-3 hours.

[0005] However, the widespread adoption of solar tracking systems faces multiple challenges: initial investment costs are 30%-50% higher than fixed systems (due to the need for motors, sensors, etc.), and strong winds and dust storms exacerbate wear and tear on mechanical structures, driving up maintenance costs. Furthermore, continuous tracking of sunlight can lead to prolonged exposure of photovoltaic panels to high-intensity sunlight, accelerating cell temperature rise and shortening equipment lifespan. Although the global solar tracker market reached $7 billion in 2023, its penetration rate in China is less than 15%, mainly due to high cost sensitivity and insufficient adaptability to complex environments.

[0006] While solar tracking systems improve output in many situations, they do not guarantee improved economic efficiency. The main reasons are: 1. Prolonged exposure to high-intensity sunlight causes photovoltaic panels to heat up, leading to performance degradation. Long-term high-temperature operation may cause hot spot effects, resulting in reduced output power or complete failure. 2. Adding a solar tracking system to existing fixed photovoltaic panels requires additional mechanical structures such as motors, increasing both initial investment and subsequent maintenance costs. 3. Existing solar tracking systems cannot flexibly adapt to the uneven distribution of solar resources, varying sunlight and environmental intensity, and the randomness, volatility, periodicity, and intermittency of photovoltaic output.

[0007] Domestic research indicates that photovoltaic (PV) system performance is closely related to environmental factors: radiation intensity is significantly positively correlated with power generation (power increases by 8%-12% for every 100W / m² increase in irradiance); power decreases by 0.4%-0.5% for every 1°C increase in temperature, and the risk of hot spots surges at high temperatures (>45°C); when humidity is >90%, condensation and corrosion problems are exacerbated, and interference such as dust adhesion and shading can cause local current imbalances, amplifying efficiency losses. These findings highlight the need for PV systems to balance "high-efficiency power generation" with "environmental robustness." Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on Fresnel mirrors, which aims to achieve dynamic tracking and reflection compensation of the solar path and improve the overall power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror, comprising an intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system, a tracking positioning system, a tracking compensation device, and a photovoltaic panel device. The tracking compensation device mainly consists of a dual-servo motor rotation mechanism and a Fresnel mirror. The tracking positioning system tracks and positions the angle of sunlight. The intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system acquires the sunlight angle information from the tracking positioning system in real time and adjusts the supplementary lighting angle of the Fresnel mirror on the dual-servo motor rotation mechanism in real time to accurately supplement the photovoltaic panel. By controlling the adjustable-angle reflector through the servo motors of the dual-servo motor rotation mechanism, more sunlight is efficiently guided to the fixed-orientation photovoltaic panel surface, widening the effective sunshine time window and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0010] The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system includes a working condition and environment detection module and a servo drive module. The working condition and environment detection module collects real-time light data, real-time output current, output voltage, and output power of the photovoltaic panel, as well as local temperature, local humidity, local wind direction, and wind speed data through ambient light sensors, current and voltage sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, wind vanes, and anemometers. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system analyzes and processes the data, and drives the dual servo motor rotation mechanism through the servo drive module to dynamically adjust the Fresnel mirror. The control strategy of the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system adopts an incremental dual-axis adjustment algorithm based on real-time sensor feedback, which can dynamically respond to changes in the relative azimuth and altitude angles of the sun.

[0011] Preferably, the sunlight tracking positioning system uses a four-quadrant photoresistor to track and determine the angle of sunlight. The specific sunlight tracking positioning method is as follows.

[0012] Four photoresistors of equal area are placed in the four quadrants (up, down, left, and right). When sunlight is incident perpendicularly, the light intensity received by the four resistors is basically the same. Once the angle of the sun deviates from the perpendicular direction, the photoresistors in each quadrant will have different resistances due to different illuminance. By real-time acquisition and comparison of the output voltage in the four quadrants, the direction and magnitude of the current light source deviating from the center can be calculated, thereby outputting a deviation signal of two components.

[0013] Preferably, the servo angle transformation logic and callback mechanism of the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system driving the dual servo rotation mechanism are as follows.

[0014] Based on the offset direction of the four-quadrant photoresistor output, the system determines the direction and angle increment of the servo motor to be adjusted. If the light intensity on the left side is greater than that on the right side, the servo motor rotates counterclockwise by α degrees; if the light intensity on the upper side is greater than that on the lower side, the pitch axis rotates clockwise by β degrees. The control logic achieves real-time response through timer interrupts, with each angle change not exceeding ±2°, and records the current angle state. The control function configures the PWM output channel (TIMx->CCRn) through the HAL library, adjusts the duty cycle to drive the servo motor to complete the action.

[0015] Preferably, the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system incorporates a simplified incremental PID controller in angle adjustment:

[0016]

[0017] in This represents the difference in light intensity between the current quadrants. These are the proportional, integral, and differential parameters.

[0018] Preferably, the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system establishes the relationship between sunlight and the angles of the master and slave device servos, and the specific method is as follows.

[0019] First, establish the relationship between the main equipment servo angle and the solar azimuth angle α and altitude angle β, as shown in the following formula.

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] Then, based on the solar azimuth angle α and altitude angle β, determine the optimal deflection angles ω and θ of the equipment's servo motor. The calculation formula is as follows.

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] ) / 2

[0026] / 2

[0027] When the master device servo angle is (ϕ, δ), the slave device servo angle should be set to ( , / 2)

[0028] In the formula, ϕ is the horizontal servo angle of the master device; δ is the vertical servo angle of the master device; α is the solar azimuth angle; β is the solar altitude angle; ω is the horizontal servo angle of the slave device; and θ is the vertical servo angle of the slave device. The installation angle of the photovoltaic panel.

[0029] Preferably, the dual-servo rotation mechanism adopts a dual-torque servo to achieve stepless adjustment of the Fresnel mirror by ±180° horizontally and ±120° vertically.

[0030] Preferably, the operating condition monitoring module collects temperature and current data at various monitoring points on the photovoltaic panel equipment in real time using current and voltage sensors and temperature and humidity sensors. The current and voltage sensors collect data from the current and voltage output terminals of the photovoltaic panel equipment, and the current and voltage sensors and temperature and humidity sensors are distributed across the photovoltaic panel equipment.

[0031] The power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels can be monitored by current and voltage sensors, and the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system dynamically adjusts the Fresnel mirror supplementary light in real time according to the power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panels.

[0032] The temperature of multiple monitoring areas on the photovoltaic panel is detected in real time by temperature sensors. When the temperature difference is higher than the preset temperature difference threshold, it is determined that the area may generate hot spots. The orientation of the Fresnel mirror is adjusted by the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system to reduce the local temperature difference, and the coordinate information of the area is sent to the user terminal.

[0033] When the humidity sensor detects that the humidity is greater than the preset humidity threshold, it determines that there is water droplets or fog on the photovoltaic panel, and activates the Fresnel mirror to provide supplemental lighting through the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system.

[0034] Preferably, the environmental detection module includes an ambient light sensor installed on the photovoltaic panel. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system dynamically controls and adjusts the Fresnel lens to provide overall supplementary lighting to the photovoltaic panel based on the light intensity detected by the ambient light sensor and the power generation of the photovoltaic panel. By combining the ambient light sensor readings with the power generation of the photovoltaic panel, the system determines whether to activate the Fresnel lens for supplementary lighting based on the optimal result. If the ambient light sensor detects high light intensity but low power generation of the photovoltaic panel, it can be determined that the photovoltaic panel may be malfunctioning, and the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system sends the coordinate information of that area to the user terminal.

[0035] Preferably, the environmental detection module also includes a wind vane and an anemometer, which monitor the environmental wind speed and direction. By setting a first wind speed threshold and a second wind speed threshold, the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system dynamically adjusts the orientation of the Fresnel mirror according to the real-time wind speed and direction.

[0036] Preferably, a cloud management platform is also included, and the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system is remotely connected to the cloud management platform via a remote communication module.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] (1) The present invention adopts the integration path of "fixed photovoltaic panel equipment + intelligent light tracking compensation technology", uses Fresnel mirror, and combines four-quadrant photosensitive sensor to monitor the sun's position in real time. By precisely adjusting the mirror angle, scattered or edge light is transmitted to the photovoltaic panel surface, effectively widening the effective illumination time window and increasing power generation.

[0039] (2) It has a significant light compensation capability in low-light environments. When the ambient light intensity is below 50W / m² (such as about 10–100W / m² on cloudy days), the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system uses data such as local solar radiation intensity and solar illumination angle collected by the working condition and environmental detection modules, combined with the current placement angle of the photovoltaic panel, to calculate an angle that allows the Fresnel mirror to transmit more sunlight onto the photovoltaic panel. The system then controls the dual servo motor rotation mechanism through the drive device to achieve the calculated angle, directing the weak light to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, increasing the effective incident light intensity, and enhancing the output power. Compared to fixed photovoltaic panels without this system, it can achieve stable power generation gain and expand the system's application capabilities in low-light scenarios such as cloudy days and evenings.

[0040] (3) The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system equipped in this invention monitors the working status of the photovoltaic panel in real time through the working condition and environmental detection module. It can collect temperature and current data of each monitoring point of the photovoltaic panel in real time. When an abnormal temperature rise or current change occurs in a certain area, the system can promptly determine that there may be a hot spot risk in that area. By changing the orientation of the Fresnel supplementary lighting device, supplementary lighting is provided to the shaded parts to make the overall illumination of the photovoltaic panel uniform, avoid the hot spot effect, reduce the harm caused by the hot spot effect, and send the coordinate information of the area to the user terminal, realizing early warning of hot spot hazards, avoiding problems such as photovoltaic module efficiency decline, material aging or even burnout caused by hot spots, reducing maintenance costs and extending the service life of inverter equipment.

[0041] (4) This invention achieves intelligent risk avoidance adjustment of the photovoltaic compensation system under different wind speed conditions by setting dual wind speed thresholds: when the wind speed exceeds the first threshold but does not exceed the second threshold, the system automatically adjusts the equipment attitude through a dual servo motor rotation mechanism to reduce the wind-receiving area of ​​the Fresnel mirror, ensuring structural safety while maintaining a certain light gain; when the wind speed exceeds the second threshold, the system adjusts the equipment to the collapse protection mode, effectively avoiding structural damage caused by extreme wind loads. This solution improves the safety and adaptability of the system under complex climatic conditions and reduces maintenance risks.

[0042] (5) This invention focuses on already installed fixed photovoltaic systems. The initial cost of adding a solar tracking system to a fixed photovoltaic panel is high, including but not limited to the labor cost of disassembling the already installed fixed photovoltaic panel, the large power consumption caused by installing the photovoltaic panel as a load in the solar tracking system, and the potential failure problem caused by the large size and weight of the photovoltaic panel. The roof photovoltaic compensation system with intelligent adjustment of sunlight provided by this invention does not require additional disassembly when installed on a fixed photovoltaic panel. The Fresnel mirror of the system is installed as a load on the dual servo motor rotation mechanism. The Fresnel mirror has a small size and weight, low power consumption and failure rate, and effectively reduces the initial investment and subsequent maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a system logic block diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a system operation flowchart of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 The response diagram of the four-quadrant photoresistor of the present invention under different incident angles of light sources is shown.

[0046] Figure 4 This is the user interface of the cloud management platform of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light tracking compensation device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the dual servo motor rotation mechanism of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a side view of the dual servo motor rotation mechanism of the present invention.

[0051] In the diagram: 1. Main controller; 2. Slave controller; 3. Photovoltaic panel equipment; 4. Tracking compensation equipment; 5. Wind vane; 6. Anemometer; 7. Current and voltage sensor; 8. Temperature and humidity sensor; 9. Ambient light sensor; 10. Cloud management platform; 11. Small photovoltaic panel; 12. Tracking positioning sensor; 13. Four-quadrant photoresistor;

[0052] 41. Base bracket; 42. Dual servo rotation mechanism; 421. Horizontal rotation servo; 422. Semi-circular pitch servo; 423. Multifunctional bracket; 424. U-shaped output rotating arm; 425. Cup bearing; 43. Mounting bracket; 44. Fresnel lens; 45. Fixture. Detailed Implementation

[0053] This invention proposes a fusion approach combining "fixed photovoltaic panel equipment + intelligent light tracking compensation technology." By dynamically adjusting the incident light distribution through optical components such as Fresnel lenses, it compensates for the angular deficiencies of fixed systems, extending the effective power generation window. Simultaneously, it integrates temperature, humidity, and wind speed sensors with intelligent algorithms to balance efficiency and equipment lifespan. This technology reduces the cost of retrofitting compared to fully tracking systems by more than 50%, significantly lowering the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and becoming one of the mainstream directions for photovoltaic upgrades. This approach avoids the high costs and risks associated with complex mechanical structures while meeting the flexibility needs of distributed and remote areas, providing crucial support for the industry's move towards higher efficiency and intelligence.

[0054] The present invention will be further described below, specifically as follows:

[0055] A solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel lens includes an intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system, a tracking positioning system, a tracking compensation device 4, and a photovoltaic panel device 3. The tracking compensation device 4 mainly consists of a dual-servo motor rotation mechanism 42 and a Fresnel lens 44. The Fresnel lens is a planar concentrator lens, characterized by its light weight, low cost, and simple application structure. It can focus and transmit light onto the photovoltaic panel for supplemental lighting. The tracking positioning system tracks and positions the angle of sunlight. The intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system acquires the sunlight angle information from the tracking positioning system in real time and adjusts the Fresnel lens on the dual-servo motor rotation mechanism 42 accordingly. The Fresnel lens 44 provides precise illumination for the photovoltaic panel through its supplementary lighting angle. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system includes a working condition and environment detection module and a servo drive module. The working condition and environment detection module collects real-time illumination data, real-time output current, output voltage, and output power of the photovoltaic panel, as well as local temperature, local humidity, local wind direction, and wind force data through current and voltage sensors 7, temperature and humidity sensors 8, ambient light sensors 9, wind vanes 5, and anemometers 6. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system analyzes and processes the data and drives the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 through the servo drive module to achieve dynamic adjustment of the Fresnel lens 44.

[0056] The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system has four modes: manual, automatic, energy-saving, and protection. Its software system logic diagram is shown below. Figure 1 For detailed operating procedures, please refer to Figure 2 These features provide flexibility in user control, intelligent optimization around the clock, energy saving during downtime, and equipment safety protection under extreme conditions, comprehensively improving the system's adaptability and reliability.

[0057] (I) The technical solution for light-tracking positioning in this invention is as follows:

[0058] The sunlight tracking positioning system is based on a four-quadrant photoresistor 47, and uses four-channel HS-S06 photoresistors to track and determine the angle of sunlight. The specific sunlight tracking positioning method is as follows:

[0059] Four photoresistors of equal area are placed in the four quadrants (up, down, left, and right). When sunlight is incident perpendicularly, the light intensity received by the four resistors is basically the same. Once the angle of the sun deviates from the perpendicular direction, the photoresistors in each quadrant will have different resistances due to different illuminance. By real-time acquisition and comparison of the output voltage in the four quadrants, the direction and magnitude of the current light source deviating from the center can be calculated, thereby outputting a deviation signal of two components.

[0060] The simulated response of the four-quadrant photoresistor 47 under different incident angles of the light source is shown in the figure. Figure 3 ,

[0061] Left column: 3D response surface plots for each quadrant (X-axis is the horizontal angle, Y-axis is the vertical angle, and Z-axis is the light intensity response value);

[0062] The right column shows the corresponding heat map, which visually displays the distribution intensity of the light response under different angle combinations.

[0063] The sensitivity analysis and response graphs verify the sensor system's sensitivity to light direction deviation and provide a basis for servo adjustment.

[0064] This method has the following advantages: 1. Fast response speed, suitable for dynamic tracking; 2. Simple structure, easy to integrate; 3. Low cost, easy to deploy at scale.

[0065] (II) The dynamic tracking and supplementary lighting scheme of the Fresnel mirror 44 driven by the present invention based on the angle of sunlight is as follows:

[0066] (1) Establish the servo angle transformation logic and callback mechanism of the dual servo rotation mechanism 42:

[0067] Based on the offset direction output by the four-quadrant photoresistor 47, the system determines the direction and angle increment of the servo to be adjusted. If the light intensity on the left side is greater than that on the right side, the servo rotates counterclockwise by α degrees; if the light intensity on the upper side is greater than that on the lower side, the pitch axis rotates clockwise by β degrees. The control logic achieves real-time response through timer interrupts, with each angle change not exceeding ±2°, and records the current angle state. The control function configures the PWM output channel (TIMx->CCRn) through the HAL library, adjusts the duty cycle to drive the SG90 / 15kg servo to complete the action.

[0068] (2) To prevent frequent servo motor jitter caused by light fluctuations, a simplified incremental PID controller is introduced into the system for angle adjustment:

[0069]

[0070] in This represents the difference in light intensity between the current quadrants. These are the proportional, integral, and differential parameters.

[0071] This algorithm enables a smooth light-tracking response, improves specular reflection stability, and ensures maximum incident energy. If the deviation is less than a certain threshold (e.g., 5%), no servo adjustment is performed to reduce power consumption; if the deviation changes rapidly, the PID output enhances the response speed and improves tracking accuracy.

[0072] (3) Establish the relationship between sunlight and the angles of the main equipment servo and the slave equipment servo.

[0073] Because there are many photovoltaic panel devices 3, and the installation position of each tracking compensation device 4 has errors, in order to achieve precise supplemental lighting control of each tracking compensation device 4 by the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system, it is necessary to establish in advance the relationship between the servo motor of each tracking compensation device 4 on the photovoltaic panel device 3 and the sunlight. The specific method is as follows.

[0074] First, establish the relationship between the main equipment servo angle and the solar azimuth angle α and altitude angle β, as shown in the following formula.

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Then, based on the solar azimuth angle α and altitude angle β, determine the optimal deflection angles ω and θ of the equipment's servo motor. The calculation formula is as follows.

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] ) / 2

[0081] / 2

[0082] Finally, it was determined that when the master device servo angle is (ϕ, δ), the slave device servo angle should be set to ( , / 2)

[0083] In the formula, ϕ is the horizontal servo angle of the master device; δ is the vertical servo angle of the master device; α is the solar azimuth angle; β is the solar altitude angle; ω is the horizontal servo angle of the slave device; and θ is the vertical servo angle of the slave device. The installation angle of the photovoltaic panel.

[0084] (4) Servo selection

[0085] The dual-servo rotation mechanism 42 uses a 15kg dual-torque servo motor to achieve stepless adjustment of the Fresnel mirror 44 by ±180° horizontally and ±120° vertically, in order to adapt to the solar illumination trajectory at different latitudes around the world.

[0086] (III) Based on sensor signals, the present invention realizes dynamic tracking and supplementary lighting of the light-tracking compensation device 4, and the specific scheme is as follows:

[0087] The operating condition detection module collects temperature and current data at various monitoring points on the photovoltaic panel equipment 3 in real time through current and voltage sensors 7 and temperature and humidity sensors 8. The current and voltage sensors 7 collect the current and voltage of the photovoltaic panel equipment 3, and the temperature and humidity sensors 8 are distributed on the photovoltaic panel equipment 3.

[0088] (1) The power generation conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel can be monitored by the current and voltage sensor 7. When the natural light is weak and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the photovoltaic panel operates at low load. The intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system opens and adjusts the orientation of the Fresnel mirror 44 to provide overall supplementary light to the photovoltaic panel and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. When the natural light is strong and the photovoltaic panel is operating at full load, the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system adjusts the orientation of the Fresnel mirror 44 to turn off the supplementary light.

[0089] (2) Dynamic suppression of hot spot problem

[0090] Because the photovoltaic panels are blocked by external objects such as leaves, bird droppings, or shadows, these areas become loads, consuming a large amount of electrical energy generated by other batteries and converting it into heat energy. This causes a sharp increase in the local temperature of the photovoltaic panel equipment, and the battery performance mismatch triggers a hot spot effect, which not only affects the safety performance of the equipment, but also affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0091] 1. Real-time monitoring and avoidance of hot spots:

[0092] Distributed temperature sensors are used to identify hot spot locations (temperature anomaly areas). Fresnel mirror 44 immediately adjusts its angle to avoid direct illumination of the hot spot area, directing the light to the normal area and reducing local current overload.

[0093] The specific operation method is as follows: When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of a certain monitoring area is continuously higher than the preset temperature difference threshold of other areas or a sudden change occurs in a certain current, it is determined that hot spots may be generated. The orientation of Fresnel mirror 44 is adjusted by the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system to avoid the high temperature area and supplement the normal area to reduce the local temperature difference and avoid the occurrence of hot spot effect.

[0094] 2. At the same time, the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system sends the coordinate information of the area to the user terminal so that maintenance personnel can carry out cleaning and maintenance in a timely manner. This enables early warning of potential hot spot hazards, avoids problems such as reduced photovoltaic module efficiency, material aging, or even burnout caused by hot spots, reduces maintenance costs, and extends the service life of inverter equipment.

[0095] 3. Hot spot repair assistance: At night or during low light periods, the Fresnel mirror 44 is controlled to reflect ambient light (such as moonlight) to the hot spot area in a directional manner, using weak photocurrent to alleviate the polarization effect of the solar cell and delay the deterioration of the hot spot.

[0096] (3) At the same time, the temperature sensor can also be used to deal with the high ambient temperature caused by the Fresnel lens 44 supplementary lighting by implementing a light dispersion strategy:

[0097] A light dispersion strategy is employed to balance illumination distribution. A dynamic zoned transmission algorithm is used to automatically allocate and compensate for light intensity based on temperature differences in different areas of the photovoltaic panel. Transmitted light is reduced in high-temperature areas (by increasing the mirror deflection angle), while transmitted light is increased in low-temperature areas. Active cooling is implemented in conjunction with this strategy. During high-temperature periods, the Fresnel mirror's 44° angle is adjusted slightly off from the optimal transmission angle, sacrificing a small amount of power generation efficiency to reduce the photovoltaic panel's surface temperature. The algorithm further optimizes the balance between efficiency and temperature control requirements.

[0098] The specific operating method is as follows: When the local temperature of the photovoltaic panel exceeds the threshold (such as 60℃): increase the distance between the Fresnel mirror 44 and the photovoltaic panel, expand the light transmission and focusing range, and compensate for the reduced light intensity, or direct the supplementary light of the Fresnel mirror 44 towards other areas of the photovoltaic panel to avoid excessive light concentration and local overheating. Combine this with intermittent shading (such as periodically and slightly deflecting the mirror) to reduce the temperature rise caused by continuous high-intensity light.

[0099] (4) Due to the large temperature difference between day and night, water droplets and fog inevitably appear on the photovoltaic panel, affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, a humidity sensor is added to the photovoltaic panel equipment 3. The humidity sensor can monitor areas with abnormal humidity. For moisture protection optimization in high humidity environment, when the humidity sensor detects that the humidity of the monitored area is greater than the preset humidity threshold, it is determined that there are water droplets and fog on the photovoltaic panel. The intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system dynamically adjusts the Fresnel mirror 44 angle to perform concentrated light supplementation and heating treatment on the abnormal area, evaporates the fog and even small water droplets, reduces local humidity, and improves photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0100] The environmental detection module includes an ambient light sensor 9, a wind vane 5, and an anemometer 6. The environmental detection module has a strong wind abnormality alarm function, and optimizes the rotation angle of the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 based on temperature and humidity data to achieve dynamic adjustment of the orientation of the Fresnel mirror 44, so as to reduce the damage caused by local high temperature and humidity and hot spot effect, and extend the service life of the inverter.

[0101] (1) The ambient light sensor 9 is installed on the photovoltaic panel device 3 and can detect the light intensity on the photovoltaic panel. When the light intensity is low, the electro-conversion rate is low. The intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system opens and adjusts the orientation of the Fresnel mirror 44 to provide overall supplementary lighting for the photovoltaic panel and improve the photoelectric conversion rate. When the light intensity is high, the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system adjusts the orientation of the Fresnel mirror 44 to turn off the supplementary lighting. The ambient light sensor 9 is combined with the power generation of the photovoltaic panel, and the optimal result is used to set whether to turn on the Fresnel mirror 44 for supplementary lighting. If the ambient light sensor 9 detects that the light intensity is high, but the power generation of the photovoltaic panel is low, it can be determined that the photovoltaic panel may be faulty. At the same time, the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system sends the coordinate information of the area to the user terminal so that maintenance personnel can carry out timely inspection and maintenance.

[0102] (2) The wind vane 5 and the anemometer 6 monitor the environmental wind speed and direction. Through the design of dual wind speed thresholds, the photovoltaic compensation system realizes intelligent risk avoidance adjustment under different wind speed conditions, namely strong wind early warning protection mechanism.

[0103] The specific operating method is as follows: A first wind speed threshold and a second wind speed threshold are set. When the wind speed does not exceed the first wind speed threshold, no risk avoidance is required, and the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system adjusts the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 to enable the Fresnel mirror 44 to work normally for supplementary lighting. When the wind speed exceeds the first threshold but does not exceed the second threshold, the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system automatically adjusts the attitude of the Fresnel mirror 44 through the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 to tilt it downwind, thereby reducing the wind-receiving area of ​​the Fresnel mirror 44 and maintaining a certain light gain while ensuring structural safety. When the wind speed exceeds the second threshold, the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system adjusts the Fresnel mirror 44 to the collapse protection mode, effectively avoiding structural damage caused by extreme wind loads. The dynamic adjustment design of this scheme improves the safety and adaptability of the system under complex climatic conditions and reduces maintenance risks.

[0104] (3) Design of the support retraction mechanism for the wind threshold tracking compensation device 4:

[0105] The RS485 polycarbonate anemometer is used to monitor the wind speed v in real time. When v ≥ vth (the second threshold is set to 15 m / s), the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 is triggered to adjust the light compensation component to the folded state to reduce wind resistance.

[0106] The following conditions must be met for the wind resistance mechanical analysis of the support frame of the tracking compensation device 4:

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, ρ is the air density (approximately 1.225 kg / m³); Cd is the drag coefficient (related to the structure shape, with values ​​of 0.8 to 1.2); A is the wind-receiving area; and Fmax is the maximum wind load resisted by the support (design value is 200 N). Based on experimental calculations, the wind speed warning value is set at 7 m / s, and the protection value at 12 m / s.

[0109] (iv) Cloud Management Platform

[0110] To achieve remote monitoring and system data recording, this project has built a lightweight web backend, implemented using the Flask (Python) framework, and also includes a cloud management platform 10. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system is remotely connected to the cloud management platform 10 through the remote communication module ESP8266.

[0111] The main functions of the cloud management platform 10 backend include:

[0112] Data upload API: The STM32 microcontroller uploads sensor data via the ESP8266 remote communication module using an HTTP POST request.

[0113] Data Query API: Users can access the server through the front end to obtain historical data for chart analysis; the user interface provides data from all device sensors and has the function of user-controlled rotation mechanism angle, leaving room for future equipment maintenance. See user interface for details. Figure 4 A cleaning cycle control window is provided to allow for future design of a self-cleaning subsystem.

[0114] Database design: MySQL is used to store data, with fields including timestamp, light intensity, servo angle, system status, etc.

[0115] Security mechanism: Access permissions are controlled through token verification to ensure data integrity.

[0116] This part of the system provides support for experimental data analysis and model optimization, and is feasible for deployment. Furthermore, the system of this invention also features a network disconnection reconnection mechanism, local data caching function, and web backend data upload and query functions, adapting to the needs of remote areas or regions with unstable communication. The system integrates a low-power standby mechanism and safe shutdown logic under abnormal environments, improving operational stability and security.

[0117] (v) System hardware equipment:

[0118] The hardware device of this invention is a solar photovoltaic tracking compensation device based on a Fresnel mirror, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 5 to 8 The system includes a main controller 1, a slave controller 2, a photovoltaic panel device 3, a light-tracking compensation device 4, and a sensor network device. The light-tracking compensation device 4 mainly consists of a base bracket 41, a dual-servo motor rotation mechanism 42, a mounting bracket 43, and a Fresnel mirror 44. The base bracket 41 is fixed to the photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic panel device 3. The slave controller 2 and the dual-servo motor rotation mechanism 42 are fixedly mounted on the base bracket 41. The mounting bracket 43 is fixed to the drive output end of the dual-servo motor rotation mechanism 42. The Fresnel mirror 44 is clamped and fixed on the mounting bracket 43. The main controller 2... The controller 1 drives and controls the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 through the slave controller 2. The main controller 1 and the slave controller 2 are electrically connected. The light tracking compensation device 4 of the present invention can be directly installed on the existing photovoltaic panel through the base bracket 41 without modifying the structure of the existing photovoltaic panel equipment 3. The main controller 1 sends control commands to the corresponding dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 through the slave controller 2, driving the dual servo motor rotation mechanism to adjust the angle of the Fresnel mirror 44, so that light is transmitted to the photovoltaic panel, thereby supplementing the photovoltaic panel, increasing the light irradiation of the photovoltaic panel, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0119] The sensor network equipment includes a wind vane 5, an anemometer 6, a solar tracking sensor 46, a current and voltage sensor 7, a temperature and humidity sensor 8, and an ambient light sensor 9. The solar tracking sensor 46 uses a four-quadrant photoresistor 47 to locate the solar angle and sends the information to the main controller 1. The main controller 1 then drives the dual servo motors of the solar tracking compensation device 4 to provide supplemental lighting to the Fresnel mirror 44. The current and voltage sensor 7, temperature and humidity sensor 8, and ambient light sensor 9 monitor the operating status and environmental conditions of the photovoltaic panel equipment 3 in real time. Through the setting of various sensors, real-time monitoring of weather conditions and changes in sunlight is achieved. The main controller 1 intelligently issues commands to flexibly adjust the angle of the Fresnel mirror 44 to achieve the best light enhancement effect and extend the effective sunlight window period.

[0120] There are multiple photovoltaic panel devices 3, and each photovoltaic panel device 3 is equipped with a tracking compensation device 4. The main controller 1 is electrically connected to the slave controller 2 on each tracking compensation device 4. The main controller 1 is installed on flat ground. The main controller 1 adopts a one-to-many mode, and performs system control of the tracking compensation devices 4 of multiple photovoltaic panel devices 3 through multiple slave controllers 2.

[0121] The main controller 1 mainly consists of a microcontroller I, a remote communication module, a transformer module, and a battery. The microcontroller I uses an STM32F103ZET6. The slave controller 2 mainly consists of a microcontroller II, which uses an STM32F103C8T6. The microcontroller I of the main controller 1 is the ZET6 version, which has stronger computing power and costs 200 yuan per set. Since the slave controller 2 has fewer peripherals and lower computing requirements, the microcontroller II is the cheaper C8T6 version, which is more cost-effective and costs only 145 yuan per set.

[0122] The battery supplies power to microcontroller I and microcontroller II through a transformer module. Microcontroller I drives and controls the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 of the tracking compensation device 4 through microcontroller II. The main controller 1 communicates with a remote server through a remote communication module.

[0123] The system control core uses the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller I as the main control platform, combined with analog and digital sensors, servo drive modules, remote communication modules, and a power management unit to build a complete embedded control system. The hardware design emphasizes modularity, low power consumption, and high reliability to ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment in complex outdoor environments. The entire system is divided into a master controller 1 and a slave controller 2. The master controller 1 is used for solar angle positioning, and the slave controller 2 receives the solar angle from the master controller 1 and performs a predetermined deflection.

[0124] The main controller 1 is also equipped with a base bracket 41, a dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42, and a mounting bracket 43. The dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 is fixed to the top of the main controller 1's housing via the base bracket 41. The mounting bracket 43 is fixed to the drive output end of the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42. The dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42 is driven by the main controller 1 for solar tracking. The solar tracking positioning sensor 46 is mounted on the mounting bracket 43 of the main controller 1 and is connected to the signal acquisition end of the main controller 1. The solar tracking positioning sensor 46 is an HS-S06. Solar angle positioning is achieved through a four-quadrant photoresistor 47.

[0125] The main controller 1 is also equipped with a 50*50cm small photovoltaic panel 11 and its charging module for solar charging of the battery. The small photovoltaic panel 11 is fixed on the mounting bracket 43 of the main controller 1. The battery is a 12V lithium battery, paired with a CN3791 charging module as the battery management module. The main controller 1 and the solar tracking sensor 46 form a small photovoltaic solar tracking positioning system for tracking sunlight. The 50*50cm small photovoltaic panel 11 charges the lithium battery through a voltage regulator module, enabling the system to have a self-powered function. The main device is equipped with a small photovoltaic panel 11, which uses solar power to charge the lithium battery, providing continuous power to the dual servo motor rotation mechanism 42, sensors, and communication modules. The energy storage design supports continuous operation at night or in rainy weather without the need for external power grid connection. This solution combines high independence (suitable for remote areas) with low maintenance costs (self-production and self-use), while extending the endurance by optimizing power consumption (such as low-power standby mode), ensuring stable power supply in complex environments around the clock.

[0126] The current and voltage sensor 7 collects the current and voltage output of the photovoltaic panel device 3 and is connected to the signal acquisition terminal of the controller 2. The current and voltage sensor 7 adopts the INA226 current and voltage sensor 7, which can monitor current, voltage and power with high precision. The current measurement accuracy is ±0.1% and the voltage measurement accuracy is ±0.2%.

[0127] There are multiple temperature and humidity sensors 8 and ambient light sensors 9, which are distributed and arranged in the gaps between the photovoltaic panels of the photovoltaic panel equipment 3. The temperature and humidity sensors 8 and ambient light sensors 9 are respectively connected to the signal acquisition terminal of the controller 2. The temperature and humidity sensor 8 adopts the SHT30 temperature and humidity sensor 8, with a humidity measurement accuracy of ±2%RH and a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.3℃. The ambient light sensor 9 adopts the TEMT6000 light intensity sensor, with a maximum sensitivity of 570NM and a wide half-sensitivity angle of ±60°.

[0128] The wind vane 5 and anemometer 6 are installed at a high, unobstructed wind speed detection point. The anemometer 6 is an RS485 ABS three-cup wind vane 5 with a range of 0-30m / s. The wind vane 5 is a 16-directional wind vane 5. The signal output terminals of the wind vane 5 and anemometer 6 are directly connected to the signal acquisition terminal of the main controller 1.

[0129] The dual-servo rotation mechanism 42 consists of a horizontal rotation servo 421, a semi-circular pitch servo 422, a multi-functional bracket 423, and a U-shaped output rotating arm 424. The horizontal rotation servo 421 is fixed to the base bracket 41, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of the multi-functional bracket 423 via a metal servo disk. The horizontal rotation servo 421 is used to drive the Fresnel mirror 44 to rotate precisely in the horizontal direction. The semi-circular pitch servo 422 is mounted and fixed to the top of the multi-functional bracket 423. The output shaft of 422 is fixedly connected to one side of the opening of the U-shaped output rotating arm 424 via a metal servo disk. The other side of the opening of the U-shaped output rotating arm 424 is rotatably connected to the multi-functional bracket 423 via a cup bearing 425. The semi-circular pitch servo 422 is used to control the pitch and rotation of the Fresnel mirror 44. To enable the Fresnel mirror 44 to be installed on the U-shaped output rotating arm 424 of the dual servo rotating mechanism 42, an L-shaped mounting bracket 43 is designed. The mounting bracket 43 is fixed to the top of the U-shaped output rotating arm 424.

[0130] The base bracket is clamped and fixed to the frame of the highest side of the photovoltaic panel by a fixing clamp 45. The fixing clamp 45 can be a carbon steel forged G-clamp, which can be installed on the existing photovoltaic panel frame without damage. The installation is convenient and quick, with a single set installation time of less than 15 minutes.

[0131] The solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system and device of the present invention have the advantages of compact structure, high control precision, low cost and flexible deployment, and are especially suitable for building rooftops, small photovoltaic power stations and off-grid photovoltaic application scenarios in remote areas.

[0132] (vi) System performance of the present invention

[0133] (1) Power generation efficiency is significantly improved

[0134] Dynamic light compensation: Through a dual-axis tracking mechanism (horizontal ±180°, vertical ±120°) and a high-transmittance Fresnel mirror 44, the incident light angle is adjusted in real time. During non-midday periods or under complex lighting conditions (cloudy, shaded), the power generation of the photovoltaic panels can be increased by up to 40%-50%. Effective power generation duration extended: The average daily effective power generation window is extended from 4-5 hours in traditional fixed systems to 6-8 hours. Laboratory data is as follows:

[0135]

[0136] In the example without a lens, the Fresnel lens at position 44 (angle 1) is positioned 20 cm above the photovoltaic panel. Positions 44 (angle 2), 44 (angle 3), and 44 (angle 3) are positions where the lens is rotated upwards by 30° in sequence. Experimental data shows that the light energy utilization rate of this invention is increased to over 20%.

[0137] (2) Strong environmental adaptability

[0138] Harsh environment resistance: It enhances the lifespan of photovoltaic systems by 30-50% and the inverter lifespan by 15-35%. Material weather resistance: The bracket of the tracking compensation device 4 adopts a thickened aluminum alloy frame and graphene bearings, which are corrosion-resistant, anti-aging, and adaptable to temperature difference environments ranging from -20℃ to 80℃.

[0139] (3) Control accuracy and response speed

[0140] Precise tracking: The incremental PID algorithm achieves an angle control accuracy of ±0.3° with a response time of <10ms; (4) Economy and scalability

[0141] Low-cost retrofit: A hierarchical design of master and slave equipment (master equipment 200 RMB / set, slave equipment 145 RMB / set), in a one-master-to-many-slave mode, reduces overall costs by 70% compared to a full tracking system, with a payback period of 1-3 years; Modular expansion: Supports on-demand coverage of 1-2m² photovoltaic panels, compatible with mainstream brands such as LONGi and Jinko, installation time <30 minutes; IoT integration: A cloud management platform supports remote monitoring, data analysis, and command issuance, with reserved expansion interfaces for self-cleaning and hot spot repair; G-clamp installation eliminates the need for welding, allowing a single person to complete installation within 30 minutes. Installation costs are reduced by over 50%, and the construction period is shortened by 80%.

[0142] (5) Safety and reliability

[0143] Anomaly protection mechanism: a safe shutdown is triggered in case of high temperature, strong wind, or communication interruption, and local cached data ensures continuous operation;

[0144] (6) Self-powered design: 12V lithium battery + solar charging, no external dependence, suitable for deployment in remote areas; life cycle: key components (servo motor, light compensation component and dual-axis tracking mechanism) are designed for a life of 3-4 years, with low maintenance costs.

[0145] In summary, the microcontroller equipped in this invention can intelligently issue commands based on real-time monitoring of weather conditions and changes in sunlight by sensors, flexibly adjusting the angle of the Fresnel mirror 44 to precisely concentrate and transmit sunlight onto the photovoltaic panel, achieving optimal light enhancement and extending the effective sunlight window period. To prevent uneven sunlight distribution, high temperature and humidity, and other adverse solar conditions from affecting the overall power output of the solar panel and accelerating its aging, the sensors can monitor data such as system temperature, humidity, wind speed, light intensity, and photovoltaic panel power generation in real time. Through the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system, the relative position of the Fresnel mirror 44 and the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to stabilize the panel output and extend the system lifespan. This project focuses on already installed fixed rooftop photovoltaic panels. Compared to replacing the light tracking system, this system has a significant price advantage, and it can be directly fixed to the photovoltaic panel without extensive disassembly, resulting in lower installation time and cost.

[0146] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Modifications and improvements to the present invention are possible without exceeding the concept and scope specified in the appended claims. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on Fresnel mirrors, characterized in that: The system includes an intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system, a light-tracking positioning system, a light-tracking compensation device, and a photovoltaic panel device. The light-tracking compensation device mainly consists of a dual-servo motor rotation mechanism and a Fresnel mirror. The light-tracking positioning system tracks and positions the angle of sunlight. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system acquires the sunlight angle information from the light-tracking positioning system in real time and adjusts the supplementary lighting angle of the Fresnel mirror on the dual-servo motor rotation mechanism in real time to accurately supplement the light to the photovoltaic panel. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system includes a working condition and environment detection module and a servo drive module. The working condition and environment detection module collects real-time light data, real-time output current, output voltage, and output power of the photovoltaic panel, as well as local temperature, local humidity, local wind direction, and wind force data through current and voltage sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, ambient light sensors, wind vanes, and anemometers. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system analyzes and processes the data and drives the dual-servo motor rotation mechanism to dynamically adjust the Fresnel mirror through the servo drive module.

2. The solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sunlight tracking positioning system uses a four-quadrant photoresistor to track and determine the angle of sunlight. The specific sunlight tracking positioning method is as follows. Four photoresistors of equal area are placed in the four quadrants (up, down, left, and right). When sunlight is incident perpendicularly, the light intensity received by the four resistors is basically the same. Once the angle of the sun deviates from the perpendicular direction, the photoresistors in each quadrant will have different resistances due to different illuminance. By real-time acquisition and comparison of the output voltage in the four quadrants, the direction and magnitude of the current light source deviating from the center can be calculated, thereby outputting a deviation signal of two components.

3. The solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system drives the dual servo motor rotation mechanism, and the servo motor angle transformation logic and callback mechanism are as follows. Based on the offset direction of the four-quadrant photoresistor output, the system determines the direction and angle increment of the servo motor to be adjusted. If the light intensity on the left side is greater than that on the right side, the servo motor rotates counterclockwise by α degrees; if the light intensity on the upper side is greater than that on the lower side, the pitch axis rotates clockwise by β degrees. The control logic achieves real-time response through timer interrupts, with each angle change not exceeding ±2°, and records the current angle state. The control function configures the PWM output channel (TIMx->CCRn) through the HAL library, adjusts the duty cycle to drive the servo motor to complete the action.

4. The solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system introduces a simplified incremental PID controller for angle adjustment: in This represents the difference in light intensity between the current quadrants. These are the proportional, integral, and differential parameters.

5. A solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system establishes the relationship between sunlight and the angles of the master and slave device servos. The specific method is as follows. First, establish the relationship between the main equipment servo angle and the solar azimuth angle α and altitude angle β, as shown in the following formula. Then, based on the solar azimuth angle α and altitude angle β, determine the optimal deflection angles ω and θ of the equipment's servo motor. The calculation formula is as follows. ) / 2 / 2 When the master device servo angle is (ϕ, δ), the slave device servo angle should be set to ( , / 2) In the formula, ϕ is the horizontal servo angle of the master device; δ is the vertical servo angle of the master device; α is the solar azimuth angle; β is the solar altitude angle; ω is the horizontal servo angle of the slave device; and θ is the vertical servo angle of the slave device. The installation angle of the photovoltaic panel.

6. The solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-servo rotation mechanism uses dual-torque servos to achieve stepless adjustment of the Fresnel mirror by ±180° horizontally and ±120° vertically.

7. A solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating condition monitoring module collects temperature and current data in real time at various monitoring points on the photovoltaic panel equipment using current and voltage sensors and temperature and humidity sensors. The current and voltage sensors collect data from the current and voltage output terminals of the photovoltaic panel equipment, and the temperature and humidity sensors are distributed across the photovoltaic panel equipment. The power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels can be monitored by current and voltage sensors, and the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system dynamically adjusts the Fresnel mirror supplementary light in real time according to the power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panels. The temperature of multiple monitoring areas on the photovoltaic panel is detected in real time by temperature sensors. When the temperature difference is higher than the preset temperature difference threshold, it is determined that the area may generate hot spots. The orientation of the Fresnel mirror is adjusted by the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system to reduce the local temperature difference, and the coordinate information of the area is sent to the user terminal. When the humidity sensor detects that the humidity is greater than the preset humidity threshold, it determines that there is water droplets or fog on the photovoltaic panel, and activates the Fresnel mirror to provide supplemental lighting through the intelligent dynamic tracking compensation system.

8. A solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental detection module includes an ambient light sensor, which is distributed across the photovoltaic panel equipment. The intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system dynamically controls and adjusts the Fresnel lens to provide overall supplemental lighting to the photovoltaic panel based on the light intensity detected by the ambient light sensor and the power generation of the photovoltaic panel. By combining the ambient light sensor readings with the power generation of the photovoltaic panel, the system determines whether to activate the Fresnel lens for supplemental lighting based on the optimal result. If the ambient light sensor detects high light intensity but low power generation of the photovoltaic panel, it can be determined that the photovoltaic panel may be malfunctioning, and the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system sends the coordinate information of that area to the user terminal.

9. A solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental detection module also includes a wind vane and an anemometer, which monitor the environmental wind speed and direction. By setting a first wind speed threshold and a second wind speed threshold, the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system dynamically adjusts the orientation of the Fresnel mirror according to the real-time wind speed and direction.

10. A solar photovoltaic tracking compensation system based on a Fresnel mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a cloud management platform, and the intelligent dynamic tracking and compensation system is remotely connected to the cloud management platform through a remote communication module.

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