Honeybee mite control method based on Chinese herbal medicines and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pest control, in particular to a Chinese herbal medicine-based bee mite control method and a preparation process thereof, which are particularly suitable for safe and efficient control of bee mites in the bee keeping industry. Experiments on a plurality of bee colonies show remarkable mite killing effect and ecological safety: 1, the mite killing rate reaches 95% or above and is far higher than that (70%-80%) of a chemical drug control group; 2, the yield of honey is increased by 15%, and the survival rate of bees is increased by 20%; and 3, the liquid medicine has no chemical residue in honey and honeycombs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural pest control technology, specifically to a technique and preparation method for controlling Varroa mites using traditional Chinese medicine formulas, which is particularly suitable for the safe and efficient control of Varroa mites in beekeeping. Background Technology

[0002] Varroa destructors are parasites that seriously threaten the health of bees. They feed on the bees' hemolymph by parasitizing their bodies, weakening the bees and spreading bee viruses. Traditional methods of controlling varroa mites mainly rely on chemical drugs, such as carbamate insecticides and organophosphates. However, long-term use of these drugs easily leads to drug resistance in varroa mites and adversely affects the quality of bees and honey, such as excessive chemical residues and toxic effects. Natural Chinese herbal medicines, due to their abundant sources, green and environmentally friendly characteristics, and low environmental burden, have become a potential solution for controlling varroa mites. However, current technologies still lack in-depth research on the screening and formulation design, extraction processes, and efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines. Specific problems include: 1. Lack of systematic screening of Chinese herbal medicine components, resulting in unstable acaricidal effects; 2. Significant loss of active ingredients during the preparation process, affecting drug efficacy; 3. Limited application methods, making it difficult to meet the needs of different bee colony management. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an innovative method for controlling Varroa mites based on traditional Chinese medicine and its preparation process, mainly including the following innovations: 1. Innovative traditional Chinese medicine formula: By screening Sophora flavescens, Coptis chinensis, Citrus reticulata peel, cloves, and various auxiliary traditional Chinese medicines (such as Artemisia argyi, Mentha haplocalyx, and Forsythia suspensa) for synergistic effects, a precise formula targeting Varroa mites is formed. The traditional Chinese medicine formula not only contains direct acaricidal components but also components that enhance bee immunity and inhibit pathogens. 2. Ultrasonic-assisted preparation process: Extraction, low-temperature distillation, and nano-emulsification technologies significantly improve the extraction rate and stability of active ingredients; by controlling the pH value, temperature, and stirring speed of the extract, the extraction conditions of active ingredients are further optimized; a composite emulsification system is developed to improve the adhesion and persistence of the drug solution. 3. Diverse application methods: Three main application methods are provided: spraying, fumigation, and bait addition. A slow-release device for the hive environment is also developed to extend the duration of the drug's effect. 4. Significant beneficial effects: Experimental verification shows that this invention exhibits a mite-killing rate of over 95% in Varroa mite control, while its toxicity to bees is far lower than that of chemical drugs. Improve the honey-collecting ability and disease resistance of bee colonies.

Claims

1. A method for controlling Varroa mites based on traditional Chinese medicine, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Formula preparation: Sophora flavescens, Coptis chinensis, Citrus reticulata peel, clove and Artemisia argyi are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:3:2:2:1, extracted with ultrasonic assistance, concentrated by low temperature distillation, and then a compound emulsifier is added to prepare the medicinal solution. (2) Application: Apply the solution to the hive environment by spraying, fumigation or slow release device to prevent bee mites.

2. The method for controlling bee mites according to claim 1, wherein the compound emulsifier is made by mixing soybean lecithin and chitosan, accounting for 1%-5% of the total amount of the liquid.

3. The method for controlling bee mites according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine includes ultrasonic extraction, the extraction temperature is controlled at 35-50°C, and the extraction time is 20-40 minutes.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the drug solution is applied to the honeycomb environment, the effective concentration can be maintained for more than 7 days by means of a slow-release device.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein peppermint (1-2 by weight) is added to the herbal formula to enhance the repellent effect against bee mites.