Design method and device of ventilation opening fan and terminal

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electric digital data processing, in particular to a design method and device of a ventilation opening fan and a terminal. The method comprises the steps that a building three-dimensional model is established according to a building drawing and facade windowing information, the facade windowing information comprises geometric specification parameters of a ventilation opening sash, and ventilation and thermal environment simulation is carried out according to environment data and personnel data of a building location and the building three-dimensional model. The method comprises the steps that the average wind speed of a personnel activity area and building indoor environment parameters are calculated, a PMV-PPD calculation battery pack is established, the average wind speed of the personnel activity area and the building indoor environment parameters are input into the battery pack, PMV and PPD are obtained through calculation, and if both the PMV and the PPD meet preset conditions, the geometric specification parameters are determined as target parameters of the ventilation opening fan. The problems that when an existing ventilation opening fan is designed, intelligent matching with building geometric characteristics cannot be achieved, and the comfort degree dimension is incomplete can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic digital data processing, and in particular to a design method, device and terminal for a ventilation fan. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of green building practices and the increasing demand for healthy living environments, indoor ventilation comfort has become a crucial element in architectural design, with core indicators such as wind speed, air exchange rate, temperature, and humidity being particularly important. As a core component for regulating indoor ventilation, the geometry of the ventilation fan directly and significantly impacts airflow efficiency, thermal and humidity balance, and pollutant dispersion. Compared to ordinary window sashes, it allows for a more compact ventilation area on the building facade, resulting in a simpler and more aesthetically pleasing facade, and directly affecting the ventilation and indoor thermal comfort of rooms adjacent to the facade.

[0003] Currently, there are two main types of ventilation fan design: one is the parameter setting method based on empirical specifications and static simulation, which determines the basic dimensions of the fan by pre-setting the air exchange rate or wind speed threshold, and combines simplified thermal models such as steady-state heat transfer calculations to evaluate the impact of temperature and humidity. The other is the single-objective numerical optimization method based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which uses CFD software to simulate the flow field of different fan designs and selects the optimal parameters based on a single indicator such as maximum ventilation efficiency or minimum energy consumption. However, the above-mentioned design method for ventilation fans has two prominent problems: 1. The design method of the existing technology relies on the designer's experience and simplifies the ventilation fan into a regular geometric shape. The parameter adjustment is limited to a few variables such as opening area and window-to-wall ratio, which makes the design stay in the "trial and error" stage and cannot achieve intelligent matching with the building's geometric features. 2. The design method of the existing technology only focuses on a single physical index such as the number of air changes, which is difficult to fully meet the real needs of indoor air environment thermal comfort, and the optimization process requires manual adjustment of geometric parameters and repeated simulation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a design method, device, and terminal for a ventilation openable fan, to solve the problems of existing ventilation openable fan designs failing to achieve intelligent matching with building geometry and lacking complete comfort dimensions.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a design method for a ventilation fan, comprising: A three-dimensional building model is created based on the architectural drawings and facade window information, including the geometric specifications of the ventilation sashes. Based on environmental data, personnel data, and the three-dimensional model of the building, ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed to calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and the building's indoor environmental parameters. A battery pack for calculating the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) is established. The average wind speed in the activity area and the indoor environmental parameters of the building are input into the battery pack to calculate PMV and PPD. If both the PMV and the PPD meet the preset conditions, then the geometric specification parameters are determined as the target parameters for the ventilation fan.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the step of establishing a three-dimensional building model based on architectural drawings and facade window information includes: Based on the architectural drawings and facade window information, determine the room parameters adjacent to the exterior facade; Based on the room parameters, a three-dimensional model of the building block is established; Based on the three-dimensional model of the building block, a three-dimensional model of the building skin is established according to the building drawings, and the window opening parameters of the building facade are defined to obtain the main building model; Based on the main building model, ventilation fans are constructed, and their geometric specifications are defined to obtain a three-dimensional building model.

[0007] In one possible implementation, based on the main building model, ventilation fans are constructed, and the geometric specifications of the ventilation fans are defined to obtain a three-dimensional building model, including: Based on the main building model, according to the window opening parameters, the number and position of ventilation opening fans in each exterior window opening are controlled by a battery, and the geometric specifications of each ventilation opening fan are defined. The geometric specifications of the ventilation opening fan include: opening shape, width, height, opening angle, glass heat transfer coefficient, window frame material thermal conductivity, opening method, minimum opening angle, and opening size. The batteries are combined into a battery pack, which controls the geometric specifications of the ventilation openings in the window openings on the building facade, thus obtaining a three-dimensional model of the building.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the step of simulating ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data of the building's location, personnel data, and the three-dimensional model of the building, and calculating the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and indoor environmental parameters of the building, includes: Obtain outdoor weather data for the building's location in different seasons; Import the building's 3D model into CFD, simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on the outdoor meteorological data, and calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area; Based on the function of the building rooms, determine the metabolic rate of people, the thermal resistance of clothing, the heat dissipation of equipment, and the heat gain from solar radiation. The 3D model of the building is imported into EnergyPlus. Based on the metabolic rate of the personnel, the thermal resistance of clothing, the heat dissipation of equipment, and the heat gain from solar radiation, ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed to calculate the indoor environmental parameters of the building.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the 3D building model is imported into a CFD system, and ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed based on the outdoor meteorological data to calculate the average wind speed in the activity area, including: The 3D model of the building is imported into CFD, the preset height of the indoor ground is set as the indoor wind speed calculation height, and ventilation and thermal environment simulation is performed to output the average wind speed in the activity area of ​​the people.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the three-dimensional building model is imported into EnergyPlus, and ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed based on the metabolic rate of the personnel, the thermal resistance of clothing, the heat dissipation of equipment, and the heat gain from solar radiation. The indoor environmental parameters of the building are then calculated, including: Import the 3D building model into EnergyPlus, define the metabolic rate of personnel, thermal resistance of clothing, heat dissipation of equipment and heat gain from solar radiation, and set the output frequency of indoor air temperature, relative humidity and average radiation temperature to perform ventilation and thermal environment simulation, and output indoor air temperature, relative humidity and average radiation temperature.

[0011] In one possible implementation, after calculating PMV and PPD, the following is also included: If the PMV and / or the PPD do not meet the preset conditions, the width, height and opening angle of the ventilation fan's geometric specifications are adjusted, and the ventilation and thermal environment simulation and subsequent steps are performed again until the new PMV and new PPD both meet the preset conditions.

[0012] One possible implementation also includes: Multiple sets of geometric specifications of ventilation fans are generated through preset experiments. Then, the process jumps to the step "simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, personnel data and the three-dimensional model of the building location, calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and the indoor environmental parameters of the building" and subsequent steps are executed to obtain multiple sets of PMV and PPD that meet the preset conditions. The geometric specifications of the ventilation fan are used as input, and PMV and PPD are used as output to train the mapping model. The target mapping model is obtained by solving the problem under parameter constraints through an optimization algorithm. Input the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan to be designed into the target mapping model, and output the combination of geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan that meets the preset conditions; The geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan that meet the preset conditions are sequentially input into the three-dimensional building model to determine the optimal geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a design device for a ventilation fan, comprising: The model building module is used to create a three-dimensional building model based on architectural drawings and facade window information, including the geometric specifications of ventilation vents. The simulation module is used to simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, personnel data and the three-dimensional model of the building, and to calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and indoor environmental parameters of the building. The processing module is used to establish a PMV-PPD calculation battery pack, and input the average wind speed of the personnel activity area and the indoor environmental parameters of the building into the battery pack to calculate PMV and PPD; The processing module is further configured to determine the geometric specification parameters as the target parameters of the ventilation fan if both the PMV and the PPD meet the preset conditions.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a terminal including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the design method for a ventilation fan as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0015] This invention provides a design method, device, and terminal for a ventilation openable fan. A three-dimensional building model is established based on architectural drawings and facade window information, including the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan. Then, ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed based on environmental data, personnel data, and the three-dimensional building model to calculate the average wind speed in the activity area and indoor environmental parameters. A PMV-PPD calculation battery is then established, and the average wind speed in the activity area and indoor environmental parameters are input into the battery to calculate PMV and PPD. If both PMV and PPD meet preset conditions, the geometric specifications are determined as the target parameters for the ventilation openable fan. The design method for the ventilation openable fan provided by this invention does not rely on the designer's experience and achieves precise matching between the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan and indoor air comfort, as well as deep coupling of parametric design and PMV-PPD. It possesses quantitative advantages such as improved building interior thermal comfort compliance rate, reduced energy consumption, and increased design efficiency in scenarios using ventilation openable fans. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of the design method for a ventilation fan provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of creating a three-dimensional building model based on architectural drawings and facade window information, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of calculating the average wind speed in the activity area of ​​personnel and the indoor environmental parameters of the building, as provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of a design method for a ventilation fan according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the design device for a ventilation fan provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific embodiments will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the implementation of a design method for a ventilation fan according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below: Step 101: Establish a three-dimensional building model based on the architectural drawings and facade window information, including the geometric specifications of the ventilation windows.

[0021] Ventilation openable windows are core components for achieving natural ventilation and optimizing the indoor environment in buildings. They combine energy efficiency, flexibility, and safety. Compared with ordinary window sashes, they can make the ventilation area on the building facade more compact, resulting in a simpler and more aesthetically pleasing facade effect. They directly determine the ventilation effect and indoor thermal comfort performance of rooms adjacent to the facade, and therefore have been widely used in buildings.

[0022] In this embodiment, in order to achieve a precise match between the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan and the target parameters of indoor environmental comfort, we use the geometric specifications of the initial ventilation open fan to establish a three-dimensional model of the building. Then, by detecting the calculated PMV and PPD, if the PMV and PPD meet the preset conditions, it is determined that the geometric specifications of the initial ventilation open fan meet the requirements.

[0023] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 As shown, creating a 3D building model based on architectural drawings and facade window information can include the following steps.

[0024] Step 201: Determine the room parameters adjacent to the exterior facade based on the architectural drawings and facade window information.

[0025] The architectural drawings here can be project floor plans and sections. The facade window information can include room parameters adjacent to the facade, such as room width, room depth, net height under the ceiling, and room function type.

[0026] Step 202: Based on the room parameters, create a 3D model of the building block.

[0027] Based on the information obtained above regarding the room size, room depth, net height under the ceiling, and room function type, a 3D model of each room is created, resulting in a 3D model of each building block.

[0028] In this embodiment, existing 3D modeling software can be used. There is no limitation on the specific 3D modeling software used. For example, Rhino + Grasshopper can be used to create a 3D model of the building block.

[0029] Step 203: Based on the 3D model of the building block, establish a 3D model of the building exterior according to the architectural drawings, and define the window opening parameters of the building facade to obtain the main building model.

[0030] The aforementioned 3D model of the building block is essentially the internal 3D model of the building. This step involves creating a 3D model of the exterior skin of each room in the 3D model of the building block. The exterior skin needs to have windows for installing ventilation fans. Therefore, after creating the 3D model of the building exterior, the number, location, and size of the windows on the building facade are defined. Here, size can refer to the length, width, and height of the window opening. This will give us the main building model.

[0031] Step 204: Based on the main building model, construct ventilation fans and define the geometric specifications of the ventilation fans to obtain the three-dimensional building model.

[0032] After obtaining the main building model, the ventilation fans can be initially constructed. In one embodiment, based on the main building model, the ventilation fans are constructed, and their geometric specifications are defined to obtain a three-dimensional building model, which may include: Based on the main building model, according to the window opening parameters, the number and position of ventilation fans in each exterior window opening are controlled by batteries, and the geometric specifications of each ventilation fan are defined. The geometric specifications of the ventilation fans include: opening shape, width, height, opening angle, glass heat transfer coefficient, window frame material thermal conductivity, opening method, minimum opening angle, and opening size. The batteries are combined into a battery pack to control the geometric specifications of the ventilation fans in the window openings of the building facade, thus obtaining the three-dimensional building model.

[0033] The opening shape can include rectangles, arcs, and louvers; the opening size can include width and height.

[0034] Here, "battery" refers to a combination of functional components based on the parametric design software Grasshopper. Grasshopper is a plugin for Rhino, and its core functional unit is called "battery". Each battery can perform specific parametric logic operations or model control functions. "Battery pack" is a combination of multiple functionally related batteries used to build a complete parametric control process.

[0035] During the 3D model building process, the number and position of ventilation fans in the window openings on the building facade are controlled by the battery pack, and their core geometric specifications, such as opening shape, width, height, opening angle, and glass heat transfer coefficient, are defined. At the same time, by combining batteries from different steps into a comprehensive battery pack, the geometric rules of the ventilation fans can be controlled as a whole, realizing the parametric construction and adjustment of the 3D model, and providing basic model support for subsequent ventilation thermal environment simulation, human thermal comfort model calculation and parameter optimization.

[0036] In this embodiment, when establishing the three-dimensional model, the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan are set according to its actual installation form, including parameters such as opening shape, width, height, opening angle, glass heat transfer coefficient, window frame material thermal conductivity, opening method, minimum opening angle, and opening size. Compared with the prior art which simplifies the ventilation openable fan to a regular geometric shape, this embodiment takes into account engineering feasibility and combines its actual operational limitations, achieving a refined modeling of the ventilation openable fan and making up for the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0037] Step 102: Based on the environmental data, personnel data and 3D model of the building site, conduct ventilation and thermal environment simulation, and calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and the indoor environmental parameters of the building.

[0038] After establishing a 3D model of the building, the ventilation and thermal environment of the building are simulated to realize the correlation between the geometric specifications of the ventilation fans and the comfort of the indoor environment. This allows for a direct reflection of the differences in environmental performance under different geometric specifications, and supports subsequent parameterized optimization and adjustment of the geometric specifications of the ventilation fans, thus achieving a closed loop of "design-simulation-evaluation" and breaking through the bottleneck of the separation between design and simulation processes in existing technologies.

[0039] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 As shown, ventilation and thermal environment simulation is performed based on environmental data, personnel data, and a 3D model of the building site to calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and indoor environmental parameters of the building. This may include the following steps.

[0040] Step 301: Obtain outdoor weather data for different seasons at the building's location.

[0041] Outdoor meteorological data here can include wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc., which can be recorded using Grasshopper.

[0042] Step 302: Import the 3D building model into CFD, simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on outdoor meteorological data, and calculate the average wind speed in the activity area of ​​people.

[0043] Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an important branch of fluid mechanics. It uses computers as tools and numerical calculation methods to solve the governing equations of fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, chemical reactions and other related physical phenomena, thereby realizing the quantitative simulation and analysis of fluid motion laws and related physical processes.

[0044] In this embodiment, CFD is the core tool for simulating building ventilation environment. In the ventilation and thermal environment simulation step, the three-dimensional building model is imported into CFD, boundary conditions are set by collecting outdoor meteorological data, the preset height of the indoor ground is set as the indoor wind speed calculation height, ventilation and thermal environment simulation is performed, and the average wind speed of the personnel activity area is output.

[0045] The preset height of the indoor floor can be set according to needs. For example, the indoor wind speed calculation height can be set to 1.1 meters above the indoor floor.

[0046] The core function of this simulation process is to quantify the impact of the geometry of the ventilation fan on indoor airflow organization, providing key wind speed parameters for the subsequent coupled human thermal comfort model (PMV-PPD), and supporting the accurate matching of the geometry of the ventilation fan with indoor thermal comfort performance.

[0047] Step 303: Determine the metabolic rate of personnel, thermal resistance of clothing, heat dissipation of equipment, and heat gain from solar radiation based on the function of the building rooms.

[0048] Step 304: Import the 3D building model into EnergyPlus, and simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on the metabolic rate of personnel, thermal resistance of clothing, heat dissipation of equipment and heat gain from solar radiation to calculate the indoor environmental parameters of the building.

[0049] EnergyPlus is an open-source building energy consumption and environmental simulation software, mainly used for dynamic simulation and analysis of building energy consumption, indoor thermal and humidity environment, air quality, etc.

[0050] In this embodiment, the 3D building model is imported into EnergyPlus, and the metabolic rate of personnel, thermal resistance of clothing, heat dissipation of equipment and heat gain from solar radiation are defined. The output frequency of indoor air temperature, relative humidity and average radiation temperature is set to simulate ventilation and thermal environment, and output indoor air temperature, relative humidity and average radiation temperature to provide the necessary thermal environment parameters for subsequent coupling of the human thermal comfort model (PMV-PPD).

[0051] It should be noted that steps 301 and 302 are the calculation process of the average wind speed in the activity area, and steps 303 and 304 are the calculation process of the building's indoor environmental parameters. The two processes are independent of each other and can therefore be executed in parallel to improve processing speed.

[0052] Step 103: Establish a PMV-PPD calculation battery pack, and input the average wind speed in the activity area and the building's indoor environmental parameters into the battery pack to calculate PMV and PPD.

[0053] The essence of PMV is a function of "body heat load," reflecting the deviation between the body's actual heat production and ideal heat dissipation (comfort state). Its core logic is: The heat load is the difference between "heat generated by the human body and actual heat dissipation".

[0054] PMV-PPD is an important parameter for measuring human thermal comfort in indoor thermal environments. Based on the principle of human thermal balance, it is widely used in building environments, HVAC, and other fields to evaluate whether the thermal environment meets human comfort needs. PMV is an indicator that predicts the average subjective feeling of a population about the thermal environment by calculating the heat exchange balance between the human body and the environment; PPD is the proportion of the population who are dissatisfied with the current thermal environment, predicted based on PMV.

[0055] Optionally, the established PMV-PPD can be: ; in, Indicates the human body's heat load value. Indicates indoor air temperature. This represents the average radiant temperature. This indicates the average wind speed in the area where people are active. Indicates indoor relative humidity. Indicates the metabolic rate of personnel. Indicates the thermal resistance of clothing. This indicates the proportion of the population who are dissatisfied with the current thermal environment.

[0056] By inputting the average wind speed in the activity area and the building's indoor environmental parameters into the battery pack, the PMV is obtained, and the PPD can be calculated based on the PMV.

[0057] Step 104: If both PMV and PPD meet the preset conditions, then the geometric specification parameters are determined as the target parameters for the ventilation fan.

[0058] After obtaining PMV and PPD, check whether PMV and PPD meet the preset conditions. If both PMV and PPD meet the preset conditions, it means that the geometric specification scheme of the ventilation open fan is valid, and the geometric specification parameters of the ventilation open fan are recorded.

[0059] Optionally, if the PMV and / or PPD do not meet the preset conditions, the width, height, and opening angle of the ventilation fan's geometric specifications are adjusted, and the ventilation and thermal environment simulation and subsequent steps are repeated until the new PMV and PPD both meet the preset conditions. That is, based on the adjusted geometric specifications of the ventilation fan, the process jumps to step 102 to repeat the ventilation and thermal environment simulation, forming a loop that ends when both PMV and PPD meet the preset conditions.

[0060] Optionally, the preset conditions here can be set as: PMV∈[-0.5, +0.5] and PPD≤10%, that is, to detect whether PMV belongs to the range of [-0.5, +0.5] and whether PPD is less than or equal to 10%.

[0061] In the above embodiments, under complex building functional requirements and multi-seasonal climate conditions, based on parametric 3D modeling technology and building ventilation and thermal environment simulation technology, the geometric specifications of ventilation open fans and the target parameters of indoor air comfort are accurately matched. This enables an intelligent and precise "design-evaluation" process for the geometric specifications of ventilation open fans, breaking through the bottlenecks of existing technologies in multi-dimensional parameter coupling optimization, dynamic environmental adaptability and engineering practicality. It has quantitative advantages in improving the indoor thermal comfort compliance rate, reducing energy consumption and improving design efficiency in scenarios using ventilation open fans.

[0062] To further reduce the number of CFD simulations and improve the efficiency of obtaining the geometric specifications of ventilation open fans that meet human thermal comfort performance, a mapping model of "parameter input → thermal comfort index output" can be trained by machine learning to quickly select the optimal combination of parameters for ventilation open fan geometry that satisfies PMV∈[-0.5, +0.5] and PPD≤10%.

[0063] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 As shown, the following optimization steps may also be included for the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan. These optimization steps may be performed before step 101 in order to obtain the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan that meet the thermal comfort performance of the human body.

[0064] Step 105: Generate multiple sets of geometric specifications for ventilation fans through preset experiments, then proceed to step "Simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, personnel data and building 3D model of the building location, calculate average wind speed in personnel activity area and building indoor environmental parameters" and subsequent steps to obtain multiple sets of PMV and PPD that meet preset conditions.

[0065] Through experiments such as Latin hypercube sampling, a combination of geometric specifications for ventilation fans was generated.

[0066] Optionally, after obtaining multiple sets of geometric specifications for the ventilation fans, the process proceeds to step 102, where CFD and EnergyPlus are invoked to simulate the ventilation and thermal environment, calculate the average wind speed in the activity area and the building's indoor environmental parameters, and establish a PMV-PPD calculation battery. The average wind speed in the activity area and the building's indoor environmental parameters are input into this battery to calculate the corresponding multiple sets of PMV and PPD. Finally, multiple sets of PMV and PPD that meet preset conditions are determined. Through the above method, multiple sets of PMV and PPD corresponding to the geometric specifications of the ventilation fans that meet preset conditions can be obtained.

[0067] Step 106: Using the geometric specifications of the ventilation fan as input and PMV and PPD as output, train the mapping model and solve it under parameter constraints through an optimization algorithm to obtain the target mapping model.

[0068] Optionally, multiple sets of geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan are used as input samples, and the corresponding multiple sets of PMV and PPD are used as output samples to train a mapping model of "geometric specifications of ventilation openable fan - thermal comfort index", and the accuracy is ensured by cross-validation. The optimization algorithm is called to solve under parameter constraints, such as the range of geometric dimensions, and quickly select the optimal combination of geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan that satisfies PMV∈[-0.5, +0.5] and PPD≤10%.

[0069] In this embodiment, machine learning methods such as random forests and ensemble learning can be used to train the mapping model, and there is no limitation on which machine learning tool must be used.

[0070] Optionally, the optimization algorithm can be fmincon or NSGA-II.

[0071] Step 107: Input the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan to be designed into the target mapping model, and output the combination of geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan that meets the preset conditions.

[0072] The geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan to be designed here can be obtained through experiments such as Latin hypercube sampling, which will be used to select the optimal geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan in the future.

[0073] After obtaining the target mapping model, the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan that satisfies PMV∈[-0.5, +0.5] and PPD≤10% can be directly determined using the target mapping model, instead of having to use steps 101-104 every time. This improves the efficiency of determining the target parameters of the ventilation open fan and reduces the number of simulations in CFD and EnergyPlus.

[0074] Step 108: Input the geometric specification parameters of the ventilation openable fan that meet the preset conditions into the building 3D model in sequence to determine the optimal geometric specification parameters of the ventilation openable fan.

[0075] The geometric specifications of ventilation fans that meet human thermal comfort performance can be quickly determined by training the mapping model described above. These specifications can then be directly applied to 3D building modeling to visualize the appearance of the 3D building. Based on this visualization, the optimal geometric specifications of the ventilation fans can be determined, thus improving the design efficiency of ventilation fans.

[0076] This invention provides a design method for a ventilation openable fan. A three-dimensional building model is established based on architectural drawings and facade window information, including the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan. Then, ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed based on environmental data, occupant data, and the three-dimensional building model. The average wind speed in the occupant activity area and indoor environmental parameters are calculated. A PMV-PPD calculation battery is then established, and the average wind speed in the occupant activity area and indoor environmental parameters are input into the battery to calculate PMV and PPD. If both PMV and PPD meet preset conditions, the geometric specifications are determined as the target parameters for the ventilation openable fan. This design method does not rely on the designer's experience and achieves a two-way correlation between the ventilation openable fan's geometric specifications and simulation results, as well as deep coupling between parametric design and PMV-PPD. It offers quantitative advantages such as improved indoor thermal comfort compliance, reduced energy consumption, and increased design efficiency in scenarios using ventilation openable fans.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan that meet the thermal comfort performance of the human body can be quickly determined through mapping model training. The determined geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan can then be directly used in the 3D modeling of the building, and the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan can be fed back into the 3D visual appearance effect to obtain the optimal geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan. This achieves accurate matching between the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan and the target parameters of indoor air comfort, as well as an intelligent and precise "design-evaluation-optimization" process for the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan, thereby improving the design efficiency of the ventilation openable fan.

[0078] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0079] The following are device embodiments of the present invention. For details not described in detail, please refer to the corresponding method embodiments described above.

[0080] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the design device for a ventilation fan according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and are described in detail below: like Figure 5 As shown, the design device 5 for the ventilation fan includes: a model building module 51, a simulation module 52, and a processing module 53.

[0081] Model building module 51 is used to build a three-dimensional building model based on architectural drawings and facade window information, including the geometric specifications of ventilation operable windows. Simulation module 52 is used to simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, personnel data and three-dimensional building model of the building location, and calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and indoor environmental parameters of the building. Processing module 53 is used to establish a PMV-PPD calculation battery pack, and input the average wind speed in the activity area of ​​the personnel and the indoor environmental parameters of the building into the battery pack to calculate PMV and PPD; The processing module 53 is also used to determine the geometric specification parameters as the target parameters for the ventilation fan if both PMV and PPD meet the preset conditions.

[0082] In one possible implementation, when the model building module 51 builds a 3D building model based on architectural drawings and facade window information, it is used for: Based on the architectural drawings and facade window information, determine the room parameters adjacent to the exterior facade; Based on the room parameters, create a 3D model of the building block; Based on the 3D model of the building block, a 3D model of the building skin is created according to the architectural drawings, and the window opening parameters of the building facade are defined to obtain the main building model; Based on the main building model, ventilation fans are constructed and their geometric specifications are defined to obtain a three-dimensional building model.

[0083] In one possible implementation, based on the main building model, the model building module 51 constructs ventilation fans and defines their geometric specifications. When the 3D building model is obtained, this is used for: Based on the main building model, according to the window opening parameters, the number and position of ventilation opening fans in each exterior window opening are controlled by batteries, and the geometric specifications of each ventilation opening fan are defined. The geometric specifications of the ventilation opening fan include: opening shape, width, height, opening angle, glass heat transfer coefficient, window frame material thermal conductivity, opening method, minimum opening angle and opening size. The batteries are combined into a battery pack, which controls the geometric specifications of the ventilation openings in the window openings on the building facade, thus obtaining a three-dimensional model of the building.

[0084] In one possible implementation, the simulation module 52 performs ventilation and thermal environment simulation based on environmental data, personnel data, and a 3D model of the building site. When calculating the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and indoor environmental parameters of the building, it is used for: Obtain outdoor weather data for the building's location in different seasons; Import the 3D building model into CFD, simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on outdoor meteorological data, and calculate the average wind speed in the activity area of ​​people. Based on the function of the building rooms, determine the metabolic rate of people, the thermal resistance of clothing, the heat dissipation of equipment, and the heat gain from solar radiation. Import the 3D building model into EnergyPlus, and simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on human metabolic rate, clothing thermal resistance, equipment heat dissipation, and solar radiation heat gain to calculate the building's indoor environmental parameters.

[0085] In one possible implementation, simulation module 52 imports the 3D building model into the CFD, performs ventilation and thermal environment simulations based on outdoor meteorological data, and calculates the average wind speed in the activity area for: Import the 3D building model into CFD, set the preset height of the indoor ground as the indoor wind speed calculation height, and perform ventilation and thermal environment simulation to output the average wind speed in the activity area.

[0086] In one possible implementation, simulation module 52 imports the 3D building model into EnergyPlus, performs ventilation and thermal environment simulations based on human metabolic rate, clothing thermal resistance, equipment heat dissipation, and solar radiation heat gain, and calculates the building's indoor environmental parameters for: Import the 3D building model into EnergyPlus, define the metabolic rate of personnel, thermal resistance of clothing, heat dissipation of equipment and heat gain from solar radiation, and set the output frequency of indoor air temperature, relative humidity and average radiation temperature to simulate ventilation and thermal environment, and output indoor air temperature, relative humidity and average radiation temperature.

[0087] In one possible implementation, after processing module 53 calculates PMV and PPD, it is also used for: If the PMV and / or PPD do not meet the preset conditions, adjust the width, height and opening angle of the ventilation fan's geometric specifications, and re-perform the ventilation and thermal environment simulation and subsequent steps until the new PMV and new PPD both meet the preset conditions.

[0088] In one possible implementation, the processing module 53 is further configured to: Multiple sets of geometric specifications of ventilation fans are generated through preset experiments. Then, the process jumps to the step "simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, personnel data and the three-dimensional model of the building, calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and the indoor environmental parameters of the building" and subsequent steps are executed to obtain multiple sets of PMV and PPD that meet the preset conditions. The geometric specifications of the ventilation fan are used as input, and PMV and PPD are used as output to train the mapping model. The target mapping model is obtained by solving the problem under parameter constraints through an optimization algorithm. Input the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan to be designed into the target mapping model, and output the combination of geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan that meets the preset conditions; input the combination of geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan that meets the preset conditions into the building 3D model in sequence to determine the optimal geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan.

[0089] The above embodiments provide a design device for a ventilation openable fan. Based on architectural drawings and facade window information, a model building module establishes a three-dimensional building model, including the geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan. Then, a simulation module simulates the ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, personnel data, and the three-dimensional building model, calculating the average wind speed in the activity area and indoor environmental parameters. A processing module establishes a PMV-PPD calculation battery pack, inputting the average wind speed in the activity area and indoor environmental parameters to calculate PMV and PPD. If both PMV and PPD meet preset conditions, the geometric specifications are determined as the target parameters for the ventilation openable fan. The ventilation openable fan design method provided by this invention does not rely on the designer's experience and achieves a bidirectional correlation between the ventilation openable fan's geometric specifications and simulation results, as well as deep coupling between parametric design and PMV-PPD. It possesses quantitative advantages such as improved indoor thermal comfort compliance, reduced energy consumption, and increased design efficiency in scenarios using ventilation openable fans.

[0090] In this embodiment of the invention, the processing module further determines the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan that meet the thermal comfort performance of the human body through mapping model training. The determined geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan can be directly used in the 3D modeling of the building, reducing the number of CFD simulations. It can also achieve accurate matching between the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan and the target parameters of indoor air comfort, as well as an intelligent and accurate "design-evaluation-optimization" process for the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan, thereby improving the design efficiency of the ventilation open fan.

[0091] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the terminal 6 in this embodiment includes: a processor 60, a memory 61, and a computer program 62 stored in the memory 61 and executable on the processor 60. When the processor 60 executes the computer program 62, it implements the steps in the various ventilation fan design method embodiments described above, for example... Figure 1 Steps 101 to 104 are shown. Alternatively, when the processor 60 executes the computer program 62, it implements the functions of each module / unit in the above-described device embodiments, for example... Figure 5 The functions of each module / unit are shown.

[0092] For example, the computer program 62 can be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory 61 and executed by the processor 60 to complete the present invention. The one or more modules / units can be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing a specific function, which describe the execution process of the computer program 62 in the terminal 6. For example, the computer program 62 can be divided into... Figure 5 The modules / units shown are shown.

[0093] The terminal 6 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 60 and a memory 61. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 6 This is merely an example of terminal 6 and does not constitute a limitation on terminal 6. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, the terminal may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0094] The processor 60 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0095] The memory 61 can be an internal storage unit of the terminal 6, such as a hard disk or memory of the terminal 6. The memory 61 can also be an external storage device of the terminal 6, such as a plug-in hard disk, Smart Media Card (SMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, or Flash Card equipped on the terminal 6. Furthermore, the memory 61 can include both internal storage units and external storage devices of the terminal 6. The memory 61 is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the terminal. The memory 61 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0097] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0098] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0099] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / terminals and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / terminal embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0100] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0101] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0102] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the above embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the above-described ventilation fan design method embodiments. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc.

[0103] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a ventilation openable fan, characterized in that, include: A three-dimensional building model is created based on the architectural drawings and facade window information, including the geometric specifications of the ventilation sashes. Based on environmental data, personnel data, and the three-dimensional model of the building, ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed to calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and the building's indoor environmental parameters. A PMV-PPD calculation battery pack is established, and the average wind speed of the personnel activity area and the indoor environmental parameters of the building are input into the battery pack to calculate PMV and PPD; If both the PMV and the PPD meet the preset conditions, then the geometric specification parameters are determined as the target parameters for the ventilation fan.

2. The design method for a ventilation fan according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of creating a three-dimensional building model based on architectural drawings and facade window information includes: Based on the architectural drawings and facade window information, determine the room parameters adjacent to the exterior facade; Based on the room parameters, a three-dimensional model of the building block is established; Based on the three-dimensional model of the building block, a three-dimensional model of the building skin is established according to the building drawings, and the window opening parameters of the building facade are defined to obtain the main building model; Based on the main building model, ventilation fans are constructed, and their geometric specifications are defined to obtain a three-dimensional building model.

3. The design method for a ventilation fan according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the main building model, ventilation fans are constructed, and their geometric specifications are defined to obtain a three-dimensional building model, including: Based on the main building model, according to the window opening parameters, the number and position of ventilation opening fans in each exterior window opening are controlled by a battery, and the geometric specifications of each ventilation opening fan are defined. The geometric specifications of the ventilation opening fan include: opening shape, width, height, opening angle, glass heat transfer coefficient, window frame material thermal conductivity, opening method, minimum opening angle, and opening size. The batteries are combined into a battery pack, which controls the geometric specifications of the ventilation openings in the window openings on the building facade, thus obtaining a three-dimensional model of the building.

4. The design method for a ventilation fan according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves simulating ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, occupant data, and the building's 3D model, calculating the average wind speed in the occupant activity area and indoor environmental parameters, including: Obtain outdoor weather data for the building's location in different seasons; Import the building's 3D model into CFD, simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on the outdoor meteorological data, and calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area; Based on the function of the building rooms, determine the metabolic rate of people, the thermal resistance of clothing, the heat dissipation of equipment, and the heat gain from solar radiation. The 3D model of the building is imported into EnergyPlus. Based on the metabolic rate of the personnel, the thermal resistance of clothing, the heat dissipation of equipment, and the heat gain from solar radiation, ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed to calculate the indoor environmental parameters of the building.

5. The design method for a ventilation fan according to claim 4, characterized in that, Import the 3D building model into CFD, perform ventilation and thermal environment simulations based on the outdoor meteorological data, and calculate the average wind speed in the activity area, including: The 3D model of the building is imported into CFD, the preset height of the indoor ground is set as the indoor wind speed calculation height, and ventilation and thermal environment simulation is performed to output the average wind speed in the activity area of ​​the people.

6. The design method for a ventilation fan according to claim 4, characterized in that, The 3D model of the building is imported into EnergyPlus. Ventilation and thermal environment simulations are performed based on the metabolic rate of the personnel, the thermal resistance of clothing, the heat dissipation of equipment, and the heat gain from solar radiation. The indoor environmental parameters of the building are calculated, including: Import the 3D building model into EnergyPlus, define the metabolic rate of personnel, thermal resistance of clothing, heat dissipation of equipment and heat gain from solar radiation, and set the output frequency of indoor air temperature, relative humidity and average radiation temperature to perform ventilation and thermal environment simulation, and output indoor air temperature, relative humidity and average radiation temperature.

7. The design method of the ventilation fan according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, After calculating PMV and PPD, the following is also included: If the PMV and / or the PPD do not meet the preset conditions, the width, height and opening angle of the ventilation fan's geometric specifications are adjusted, and the ventilation and thermal environment simulation and subsequent steps are performed again until the new PMV and new PPD both meet the preset conditions.

8. The design method of the ventilation fan according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple sets of geometric specifications of ventilation fans are generated through preset experiments. Then, the process jumps to the step "simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, personnel data and the three-dimensional model of the building, calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and the indoor environmental parameters of the building" and subsequent steps to obtain multiple sets of PMV and PPD that meet the preset conditions. The geometric specifications of the ventilation fan are used as input, and PMV and PPD are used as output to train the mapping model. The target mapping model is obtained by solving the problem under parameter constraints through an optimization algorithm. Input the geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan to be designed into the target mapping model, and output the combination of geometric specifications of the ventilation open fan that meets the preset conditions; The geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan that meet the preset conditions are sequentially input into the three-dimensional building model to determine the optimal geometric specifications of the ventilation openable fan.

9. A design device for a ventilation fan, characterized in that, include: The model building module is used to create a three-dimensional building model based on architectural drawings and facade window information, including the geometric specifications of ventilation vents. The simulation module is used to simulate ventilation and thermal environment based on environmental data, personnel data and the three-dimensional model of the building, and to calculate the average wind speed in the personnel activity area and indoor environmental parameters of the building. The processing module is used to establish a PMV-PPD calculation battery pack, and input the average wind speed of the personnel activity area and the indoor environmental parameters of the building into the battery pack to calculate PMV and PPD; The processing module is further configured to determine the geometric specification parameters as the target parameters of the ventilation fan if both the PMV and the PPD meet the preset conditions.

10. A terminal, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory for storing a computer program, the processor for calling and running the computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the design method for a ventilation openable fan as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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