Relay, control device, battery pack and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a relay, a control device, a battery pack and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicles, the relay comprises a first shell, a driving assembly and a conductive assembly, and the first shell is provided with a static contact; the driving assembly is arranged in the first shell; the conductive assembly is connected with the driving assembly, the driving assembly can drive the conductive assembly to move towards a first direction or a second direction so as to enable the conductive assembly to be switched between a first conductive state and a second conductive state, the first direction is the direction of the conductive assembly towards the static contact, and the first direction is opposite to the second direction; the conductive assembly comprises a diverter and a first conductive part electrically connected with the diverter, the first conductive part is higher than the diverter, and in the first conductive state, the first conductive part is in contact conduction with the static contact, and the diverter is spaced from the static contact; and in the second conductive state, the first conductive piece is in contact conduction with the static contact, and the diverter is in contact conduction with the static contact. According to the relay provided by the embodiment of the invention, the integration level of the relay is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, specifically to relays, control devices, battery packs, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Vehicle control devices typically include relays to control functions such as connecting or disconnecting the high-voltage circuit of the battery pack.

[0003] In the prior art, a relay is provided, including an iron core, contact springs, and a spring disposed at the lower end of the iron core. One end of the spring is fixed to the iron core, and the other end of the spring is connected to an insulating washer. The contact spring is fixedly disposed outside the insulating washer. The spring and the iron core are fixed together by a spring clip. The end of the spring fixed to the iron core is above the end connected to the insulating washer, and the end of the spring fixed to the iron core is below the end connected to the insulating washer.

[0004] In the prior art, a pluggable solid-state relay for new energy vehicles is also provided, including a relay body, a contact plate, a contact, and a heat dissipation mechanism. The contact plate is horizontally disposed below the relay body, and a connecting post is vertically disposed on the top of the contact plate. Multiple connecting posts are disposed on the top of the contact plate and evenly distributed. A connecting sleeve is vertically disposed on the bottom of the relay body, and the connecting sleeve is fitted onto the connecting post. A first spring is disposed outside the connecting sleeve. The contact is vertically disposed on the bottom of the relay body, and the contact passes through the surface of the contact plate. The upper part of the contact is made of a soft conductive material. The heat dissipation mechanism is disposed between the relay body and the contact plate.

[0005] In the field of vehicle technology, with the continuous upgrading of new energy vehicles, the vehicle control system needs to integrate multiple module functions such as motor control, battery management, and autonomous driving perception, which places increasingly higher demands on the miniaturization of relays. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One objective of this application is to provide a relay to address the problem of improving the integration level of relays. A second objective of this application is to provide a control device. A third objective of this application is to provide a battery pack. A fourth objective of this application is to provide a vehicle.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a relay, which includes a first housing, a driving component, and a conductive component. The first housing has a stationary contact. The driving component is disposed within the first housing. The conductive component is connected to the driving component, and the driving component can drive the conductive component to move in a first direction or a second direction, so that the conductive component switches between a first conductive state and a second conductive state. The first direction is the direction in which the conductive component faces the stationary contact, and the first direction is opposite to the second direction. The conductive component includes a shunt and a first conductive element electrically connected to the shunt. The height of the first conductive element is higher than the height of the shunt. In the first conductive state, the first conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact and conducting electricity, while the shunt is spaced apart from the stationary contact. In the second conductive state, the first conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact and conducting electricity, while the shunt is in contact with the stationary contact and conducting electricity.

[0008] According to the above technical means, in the first conductive state, the first conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact and conducts electricity, while the shunt is spaced apart from the stationary contact. Current is pre-conducted through the first conductive element, which prevents excessive current from damaging the relay during conduction and improves the relay's service life.

[0009] In the second conductive state, the first conductive element conducts electricity in contact with the stationary contact, and the shunt also conducts electricity in contact with the stationary contact. At this time, the shunt and the stationary contact constitute the main current path, enabling the circuit to carry the maximum operating current and achieve normal power supply for the entire vehicle.

[0010] The shunt is located inside the first housing, eliminating the need for a separate shunt housing and external wiring space. This significantly reduces the overall space occupied by the shunt and relay, improving the integration of the relay.

[0011] In some embodiments, the conductive component further includes a second conductive element electrically connected to the shunt, the second conductive element being spaced apart from the first conductive element, the height of the first conductive element being higher than the height of the second conductive element, and the height of the second conductive element being higher than the height of the shunt, to switch between a first conductive state and a third conductive state, and between the third conductive state and the second conductive state; the third conductive state is that the first conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact, the second conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact, and the shunt is spaced apart from the stationary contact; the second conductive state is that the first conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact, the second conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact, and the shunt is in contact with the stationary contact; the first conductive state is that the first conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact, the second conductive element is spaced apart from the stationary contact, and the shunt is spaced apart from the stationary contact.

[0012] According to the above technical means, by setting a second conductive element on the shunt, in the first conductive state, the driving component can drive the first conductive element to move toward the stationary contact and make the first conductive element contact the stationary contact to conduct electricity. At this time, the first conductive element is in contact with the stationary contact to conduct electricity, the second conductive element is spaced apart from the stationary contact, and the shunt is spaced apart from the stationary contact.

[0013] In the third conductive state, the driving component continues to drive the first conductive element to move, and the first conductive element maintains contact and conduction with the stationary contact. The second conductive element and the stationary contact conduct, and at this time the second conductive element becomes the current path, realizing a smooth transition of gradual current increase.

[0014] In the second conductive state, the drive assembly drives the first conductive element, the second conductive element, and the shunt to make contact with the stationary contact and conduct electricity. The shunt, the first conductive element, and the second conductive element simultaneously make contact with the stationary contact to form a parallel path, enabling the circuit to carry the maximum operating current and achieve normal power supply for the entire vehicle.

[0015] In some embodiments, the resistance value of the first conductive element is greater than the resistance value of the second conductive element.

[0016] According to the above technical means, the first conductive element conducts electricity in contact with the stationary contact. Since the resistance of the first conductive element is greater than that of the second conductive element, when the voltage is constant, the greater the resistance, the smaller the current. Therefore, it can limit the current passing through the relay, avoid large currents from impacting the relay, and play a role in protecting the relay.

[0017] As the driving component moves the conductive component towards the stationary contact, the second conductive element contacts and conducts electricity with the stationary contact, while the first conductive element also contacts the stationary contact, and the shunt separates from the stationary contact. Because the resistance of the second conductive element is less than that of the first conductive element, it can provide a larger current path, allowing the circuit to gradually enter normal operating condition. This achieves a smooth transition from the pre-charge stage to normal operation, thus preventing excessive current from damaging the relay during conduction and extending its service life.

[0018] In some embodiments, the resistance of the first conductive element is a ceramic resistor or an alloy resistor.

[0019] According to the above technical means, the ceramic matrix of the ceramic resistor has the characteristics of insulation and high temperature resistance, and can withstand the high temperature of the electric arc generated when the first conductive element separates from the stationary contact, thereby reducing the erosion of the surface of the first conductive element by the electric arc.

[0020] Alloy resistors are made of metal alloy materials with high hardness and stronger resistance to mechanical wear, which can extend the contact life between the first conductive element and the stationary contact.

[0021] In some embodiments, the conductive component further includes a first elastic element, which is connected to both the first conductive element and the shunt, and the first conductive element is movable relative to the shunt in a second direction.

[0022] According to the above technical means, when the driving component drives the first conductive element to move toward the stationary contact, the elastic element is disposed between the first conductive element and the shunt. As the driving component moves synchronously toward the stationary contact, at the instant the first conductive element contacts the stationary contact, the elastic element can absorb the impact force between the first conductive element and the stationary contact, further improving the arc extinguishing capability of the relay.

[0023] Furthermore, when switching from the first conductive state to the second conductive state, the elastic force of the first elastic element can keep the first conductive element in contact with the stationary contact, while the second conductive element is brought into contact with the stationary contact under the drive of the drive component, ensuring that the circuit is not interrupted during the switching process between the first conductive state and the second conductive state, and achieving a smooth transition.

[0024] In some embodiments, the relay further includes a second elastic element connected to both the second conductive element and the shunt, the second conductive element being movable relative to the shunt in a second direction.

[0025] According to the above technical means, when switching from the third conductive state to the second conductive state, the elastic force of the second elastic element can keep the second conductive element in contact with the stationary contact. At the same time, under the drive of the drive component, the shunt is made to contact the stationary contact, ensuring that the circuit is not interrupted during the switching process between the second conductive state and the third conductive state, and realizing a smooth current transition.

[0026] In some embodiments, the relay further includes a control board electrically connected to the shunt, wherein the control board acquires a first current between the shunt and the stationary contact; when the first current is greater than a first preset current value, the control board controls the drive assembly to separate the shunt and the stationary contact.

[0027] Based on the aforementioned technical means, the control board acquires the current between the shunt and the stationary contact in real time, and can monitor the current changes in the shunt. When an abnormality occurs in the shunt causing the first current to exceed the first preset current value, such as a short circuit or capacitor failure, the control board can quickly control the drive assembly to drive the shunt and the stationary contact to separate, thus preventing excessive current from damaging the relay.

[0028] In some embodiments, the relay further includes a third elastic element disposed on the side of the shunt facing the first direction, and the third elastic element is connected to the shunt and the housing respectively.

[0029] According to the above technical means, when the conductive component and the stationary contact are in the open state, the force of the third elastic element ensures that the conductive component is separated from the stationary contact. During the relay switching process, the third elastic element can also assist the conductive component in quickly resetting, improving the relay's response speed and operational stability.

[0030] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a control device, including a second housing and the aforementioned relay, wherein the relay is disposed within the second housing.

[0031] According to the above technical means, the relay is placed in the second housing. The second housing can provide physical protection for the relay, isolate it from interference factors such as dust, moisture and vibration in the external environment, and help maintain the stable working state of the relay.

[0032] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a battery pack, including a battery assembly and the aforementioned control device, wherein the control device is electrically connected to the battery assembly.

[0033] Based on the aforementioned technical means, the battery pack and control device are detachably connected, making the replacement, repair, and maintenance of the battery pack more convenient and reducing maintenance and time costs. When components inside the control device malfunction, it is not necessary to disassemble the entire battery pack, simplifying the repair process, shortening repair time, and significantly improving repair convenience and economy.

[0034] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a vehicle, including a vehicle body and the aforementioned battery pack, wherein the battery pack is disposed within the vehicle body.

[0035] In some embodiments, the control device and the battery assembly are spaced apart, with the battery assembly located at the bottom of the vehicle body and the control device located at the front-wheel drive position, the rear-wheel drive position, or the charging position of the vehicle body.

[0036] Based on the aforementioned technical methods, battery packs are typically installed at the bottom of the vehicle body. Moving the control unit to the front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, or charging location frees up installation space at the bottom of the vehicle, allowing for more battery cell modules to be accommodated within the same vehicle bottom dimensions. With the control unit integrated with the battery pack at the bottom, the wiring harness needs to extend from the bottom to the front and rear drive motors, typically resulting in a relatively long length. However, placing the control unit at the front or rear significantly shortens the wiring harness length, reducing the wiring path within the vehicle body, lowering resistance losses and electromagnetic interference risks caused by excessively long wiring harnesses, reducing safety hazards caused by wiring harness wear and aging, and improving the stability of the entire vehicle's electrical system. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application, and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack and control device in the vehicle provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a relay provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 for Figure 4 The exploded view of the relay structure provided in the embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive component in the relay provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first elastic element in the relay provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in the relay where the conductive components and the first contact are separated, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the contact structure between the first conductive element and the first contact in a relay provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the contact structure between the shunt and the first contact in a relay provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a control flowchart of the control board in the relay provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 The current curve of the relay provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure label: 100 - Relay; 110 - First housing; 111 - Stationary contact; 120 - Drive assembly; 121 - Motor; 122 - Transmission mechanism; 130 - Conductive component; 131 - Shunt; 132 - First conductive element; 133 - Second conductive element; 140 - First elastic element; 150 - Second elastic element; 160 - Third elastic element; 170 - Control panel; 200 - Control device; 210 - Second housing; 220 - Connector; 230 - Front drive connector; 240 - Rear drive connector; 250 - Low voltage connector; 260 - BMS motherboard; 270 - Control components; 280 - Fast charging connector; 290 - Cover; 300-Battery Components; 400 - Vehicle; 410 - Body; X - First direction; Y - Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0042] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0043] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, when describing pipelines, the terms "connected" and "linked" as used in this application have the meaning of establishing electrical connection. The specific meaning needs to be understood in conjunction with the context.

[0044] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0045] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0046] Please see Figures 1-12 This application provides a relay 100, which includes a first housing 110, a driving assembly 120, and a conductive assembly 130. The first housing 110 is provided with a stationary contact 111. The driving assembly 120 is disposed inside the first housing 110. The conductive assembly 130 is connected to the driving assembly 120, and the driving assembly 120 can drive the conductive assembly 130 to move in a first direction X or a second direction Y, so that the conductive assembly 130 switches between a first conductive state and a second conductive state. The first direction X is the direction in which the conductive assembly 130 moves towards... In the direction towards the stationary contact 111, the first direction X is opposite to the second direction Y; the conductive component 130 includes a shunt 131 and a first conductive element 132 electrically connected to the shunt 131. The height of the first conductive element 132 is higher than the height of the shunt 131. In the first conductive state, the first conductive element 132 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducting electricity, while the shunt 131 is spaced apart from the stationary contact 111. In the second conductive state, the first conductive element 132 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducting electricity, while the shunt 131 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducting electricity.

[0047] It should be noted that this application uses the shunt 131 as a reference, and the direction in which the shunt 131 extends towards the stationary contact 111 is the direction of height extension. Specifically, in the first conductive state, the first conductive element 132 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 for conduction, and the shunt 131 is spaced apart from the stationary contact 111. Current is pre-conducted through the first conductive element 132, which can prevent the relay 100 from being damaged by excessive current when it is turned on, thereby improving the service life of the relay 100.

[0048] In the second conductive state, the first conductive element 132 conducts electricity in contact with the stationary contact 111, and the shunt 131 conducts electricity in contact with the stationary contact 111. At this time, the shunt 131 and the stationary contact 111 constitute the main current path, enabling the circuit to carry the maximum operating current and achieve normal power supply for the entire vehicle 400.

[0049] The shunt 131 is located inside the first housing 110, eliminating the need for a separate housing and external wiring space for the shunt 131. This significantly reduces the overall space ratio of the shunt 131 and the relay 100, thereby improving the integration of the relay 100.

[0050] In some embodiments, the conductive component 130 further includes a second conductive element 133, which is electrically connected to the shunt 131. The second conductive element 133 is spaced apart from the first conductive element 132, and the height of the first conductive element 132 is higher than the height of the second conductive element 133. The height of the second conductive element 133 is higher than the height of the shunt 131, so as to switch between a first conductive state and a third conductive state, and between the third conductive state and the second conductive state. The third conductive state is when the first conductive element 132 is in a static state. In the first conductive state, contact 111 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducts electricity. The second conductive element 133 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducts electricity. The shunt 131 is spaced apart from the stationary contact 111. In the second conductive state, the first conductive element 132 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducts electricity. The second conductive element 133 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducts electricity. The shunt 131 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducts electricity. In the first conductive state, the first conductive element 132 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducts electricity. The second conductive element 133 is spaced apart from the stationary contact 111. The shunt 131 is spaced apart from the stationary contact 111.

[0051] It should be noted that the relay 100 may include only the first conductive element 132, or the relay 100 may include both the first conductive element 132 and the second conductive element 133. This application is illustrated by way of example, where the relay 100 includes both the first conductive element 132 and the second conductive element 133.

[0052] Specifically, by providing a second conductive element 133 on the shunt 131, in the first conductive state, the drive assembly 120 can drive the first conductive element 132 to move toward the stationary contact 111 and make the first conductive element 132 contact and conduct electricity with the stationary contact 111. At this time, the first conductive element 132 is in contact with the stationary contact 111 and conducts electricity, the second conductive element 133 is spaced apart from the stationary contact 111, and the shunt 131 is spaced apart from the stationary contact 111.

[0053] In the third conductive state, the driving component 120 continues to drive the first conductive element 132 to move. The first conductive component 130 and the stationary contact 111 remain in contact and conduct electricity. The second conductive component 130 and the stationary contact 111 are in contact and conduct electricity. At this time, the second conductive element 133 becomes the current path, realizing a smooth transition of gradually increasing current.

[0054] In the second conductive state, the drive assembly 120 drives the first conductive element 132, the second conductive element 133 and the shunt 131 to make contact with the stationary contact 111 to conduct electricity. The shunt 131, the first conductive element 132 and the second conductive element 133 simultaneously make contact with the stationary contact 111 to form a parallel path, so that the circuit can pass the maximum operating current and realize the normal power supply of the entire vehicle 400.

[0055] In some examples, the heights of the first conductive element 132, the second conductive element 133, and the shunt 131 are arranged in descending order, thereby enabling the conductive component 130 to switch between different conductive states.

[0056] In some examples, there are two stationary contacts 111, two first conductive elements 132, and two second conductive elements 133. The two stationary contacts 111 are symmetrically arranged on the first housing 110. One first conductive element 132 and one second conductive element 133 can correspond to one stationary contact 111, which helps to balance the electrical connection, extend service life, and reduce the risk of short circuits. In other examples, there may be one stationary contact 111, one first conductive element 132, and one second conductive element 133, or other numbers, such as three, four, five, etc.

[0057] In some examples, the first housing 110 is rectangular in shape, while in other examples, the first housing 110 may also be circular, prismatic, or other shapes.

[0058] In some examples, the first conductive element 132 and the second conductive element 133 can both be block structures, columnar structures, etc.

[0059] In some examples, the materials of the first conductive element 132 and the second conductive element 133 can be conductive metals, such as copper, aluminum, etc.

[0060] In some embodiments, the resistance value of the first conductive element 132 is greater than the resistance value of the second conductive element 133.

[0061] Specifically, the first conductive element 132 conducts electricity in contact with the stationary contact 111. Since the resistance of the first conductive element 132 is greater than the resistance of the second conductive element 133, when the voltage is constant, the greater the resistance, the smaller the current. Therefore, it can limit the current passing through the relay 100, avoid large currents from impacting the relay 100, and play a role in protecting the relay 100.

[0062] When the drive assembly 120 drives the conductive assembly 130 to continue moving towards the stationary contact 111, the second conductive element 133 contacts and conducts electricity with the stationary contact 111, and the first conductive element 132 also contacts the stationary contact 111, while the shunt 131 separates from the stationary contact 111. Since the resistance of the second conductive element 133 is less than the resistance of the first conductive element 132, the second conductive element 133 can provide a larger current path, allowing the circuit to gradually enter normal operating condition. This achieves a smooth transition from the pre-charge stage to normal operation, thus preventing excessive current from damaging the relay 100 when it is turned on, and improving the service life of the relay 100.

[0063] In some embodiments, the resistance of the first conductive element 132 is a ceramic resistor or an alloy resistor. Specifically, the ceramic matrix of the ceramic resistor has insulating and high-temperature resistant properties. The metal alloy material of the alloy resistor has high hardness and stronger resistance to mechanical wear, which can extend the contact life between the first conductive element 132 and the stationary contact 111.

[0064] In other examples, the resistor can also be a metal foil resistor, a metal oxide film resistor, or a wire-wound resistor.

[0065] In some examples, the surface of the first conductive element 132 is plated with a high-resistivity material, such as nickel-phosphorus alloy or tin oxide, to increase the resistance of the first conductive element 132.

[0066] In some examples, the surface of the first conductive element 132 may also be coated with a high-resistance insulating varnish, such as enamel varnish. Details are omitted here, as long as the resistance of the first conductive element 132 is greater than the resistance of the second conductive element 133.

[0067] In some embodiments, the conductive component 130 further includes a first elastic element 140, which is connected to the first conductive element 132 and the shunt 131 respectively. The first conductive element 132 is capable of moving relative to the shunt 131 in the second direction Y.

[0068] Specifically, when the drive assembly 120 drives the first conductive element 132 to move toward the stationary contact 111, the first elastic element 140 is disposed between the first conductive element 132 and the shunt 131. As the drive assembly 120 moves synchronously toward the stationary contact 111, at the instant the first conductive element 132 contacts the stationary contact 111, the first elastic element 140 can absorb the impact force between the first conductive element 132 and the stationary contact 111, further improving the arc extinguishing capability of the relay 100.

[0069] In some examples, the first elastic element 140 has a sheet-like structure. The shunt 131 and the first conductive element 132 are respectively disposed on the surface of the first elastic element 140 facing the stationary contact 111. The driving assembly 120 drives the shunt 131 and the first conductive element 132 to move synchronously toward the stationary contact 111. The first elastic element 140 can apply a force toward the stationary contact 111 to the first conductive element 132 so that the first conductive element 132 contacts the stationary contact 111 first, and then the second conductive element 133 contacts the stationary contact 111, thereby gradually increasing the circuit current and improving the service life of the relay 100.

[0070] In other examples, the first elastic element 140 may also be a columnar spring, a rubber element, a silicone element, etc.

[0071] In some other embodiments, a guide groove may be provided on the shunt 131, and the first conductive element 132 passes through the guide groove. There is friction between the first conductive element 132 and the inner wall surface of the guide groove. When the first conductive element 132 and the stationary contact 111 are pressed against each other, the stationary contact 111 will push the first conductive element 132 to move relative to the shunt 131. The first conductive element 132 can maintain a stable position under the friction between the first conductive element 132 and the inner wall surface of the guide groove, and contact the stationary contact 111.

[0072] In some examples, the conductive component 130 also includes a telescopic structure connected between the shunt 131 and the first conductive element 132. The telescopic structure can extend and retract to move the first conductive element 132 relative to the shunt 131 toward or away from the stationary contact 111.

[0073] For example, the telescopic mechanism can be a cylinder, an electric actuator, or a hydraulic actuator, etc.

[0074] In some embodiments, the relay 100 further includes a second elastic element 150, which is connected to the second conductive element 133 and the shunt 131 respectively. The second conductive element 133 is capable of moving relative to the shunt 131 in a second direction Y.

[0075] Specifically, when switching from the third conductive state to the second conductive state, the elastic force of the second elastic element 150 can keep the second conductive element 133 in contact with the stationary contact 111, while the shunt 131 is brought into contact with the stationary contact 111 under the drive of the drive component 120, so as to ensure that the circuit is not interrupted during the switching process between the second conductive state and the third conductive state and to achieve a smooth current transition.

[0076] In some examples, the connection between the second elastic element 150 and the shunt 131 and the second conductive element 133 can be the same as the connection between the first elastic element 140 and the first conductive element 132 and the shunt 131 in any of the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here. In other examples, the connection between the second elastic element 150 and the shunt 131 and the second conductive element 133 can be different from the connection between the first elastic element 140 and the first conductive element 132 and the shunt 131 in any of the above embodiments, and this application does not specifically limit this.

[0077] In some embodiments, the relay 100 further includes a control board 170, which is electrically connected to the shunt 131. The control board 170 acquires a first current between the shunt 131 and the stationary contact 111. When the first current is greater than a first preset current value, the control board 170 controls the drive assembly 120 to separate the shunt 131 and the stationary contact 111.

[0078] Specifically, the control board 170 monitors the current changes in the shunt 131 by acquiring the current between the shunt 131 and the stationary contact 111 in real time. When an abnormality occurs in the shunt 131 causing the first current to exceed the first preset current value, such as a short circuit or capacitor failure, the control board 170 can quickly control the drive assembly 120 to drive the shunt 131 and the stationary contact 111 to separate, thus preventing excessive current from damaging the relay 100.

[0079] like Figure 12 As shown, T1 is the time for relay 100 to identify the circuit current. Td is the time it takes for the first preset current value to reach its maximum. I1 is the threshold value of the first preset current value. Id is the maximum value of the first preset current value. t is the time axis, and I is the current value axis.

[0080] The following describes the workflow of the control board 170 for the relay 100 provided in this application: Shunt 131 detects the loop current and feeds it back to control board 170. When the detected current exceeds the fault current threshold, control board 170 actively controls relay 100 to perform a power-off action, that is, controls drive component 120 to drive shunt 131 to switch to the disconnected state. For example, a trigger-type control loop power-off command can be used, so that a disconnect signal will be issued within microseconds after the fault current is detected, realizing the disconnection of the fault loop before the current reaches its maximum. At the same time, relay 100 can also perform a power-off action after receiving a power-off command from BMS, and relay 100 feeds back a cut-off signal to BMS after power-off.

[0081] Upon receiving the power-off command, the drive assembly 120 drives the shunt 131 to separate from the stationary contact 111. At this time, the second conductive element 133 is in contact with the stationary contact 111, and the voltage difference between the shunt 131 and the stationary contact 111 is small, so no large-energy electric arc is generated.

[0082] The drive assembly 120 continues to operate. At this time, the voltage between the second conductive element 133 and the stationary contact 111 is the high-voltage circuit voltage. If a large-energy arc is generated at this time, the arc generation point is mainly between the second conductive element 133 and the stationary contact 111. The location of the arc energy damage is also between the second conductive element 133 and the stationary contact 111. Since the relay 100 mainly carries the overcurrent through the contact position between the contacts of the shunt 131 and the shunt 131, the second conductive element 133 is only used as the arc point. Even if the surface of the second conductive element 133 is damaged by the arc energy, it will not affect the current carrying capacity of the entire relay 100. Therefore, multiple large-current interruptions can be performed.

[0083] In some examples, such as Figure 11As shown, the BMS motherboard 260 is connected to the control board 170 via power supply lines, control signals, and signal feedback lines. The control board 170 drives the motor 121, and the motor 121 drives the shunt 131.

[0084] In some embodiments, the splitter 131 has an installation space, and the control board 170 is located within the installation space.

[0085] Specifically, the control board 170 is accommodated in the installation space of the shunt 131, eliminating the need to reserve an external installation location for the control board 170 separately. This significantly reduces the overall size of the relay 100, making the relay 100 more compatible with the battery management module of the vehicle 400.

[0086] In some other embodiments, the control board 170 may also be located outside the shunt 131. The control board 170 and the shunt 131 are electrically connected. By separating the control board 170 and the shunt 131, it is easier to troubleshoot and improve the ease of use of the relay 100.

[0087] In some embodiments, the drive assembly 120 includes a motor 121 and a transmission mechanism 122, which are connected in a transmission manner. The transmission mechanism 122 is capable of driving the conductive assembly 130 to move toward or away from the stationary contact 111.

[0088] For example, motor 121 can be a stepper motor.

[0089] Specifically, the motor 121 can precisely control the rotation angle of the rotor and, in conjunction with the transmission mechanism 122, convert the rotational motion into linear movement of the conductive component 130 toward or away from the stationary contact 111. The drive component 120 can achieve precise control of the position of the conductive component 130, ensuring that the first conductive element 132, the second conductive element 133, the shunt 131 and the stationary contact 111 are in contact or separated in different states, thereby improving the working level of the relay 100.

[0090] In some embodiments, the transmission mechanism 122 includes a transmission wheel, the output shaft of the motor 121 is connected to the transmission wheel, and the axes of the output shaft of the motor 121 and the transmission wheel are spaced apart. That is, the output of the motor 121 is eccentrically positioned on the transmission wheel. In this way, when the motor 121 drives the transmission wheel to rotate, different positions on the outer circumferential surface of the transmission wheel contact the conductive component 130, which will push the conductive component 130 to rise and fall.

[0091] In some other examples, the transmission mechanism 122 can also be a crankshaft, with the distributor 131 located above the crankshaft. The motor 121 drives the crankshaft to rotate, thereby causing the distributor 131 to move toward the stationary contact 111, thus enabling the conductive component 130 to switch between different conductive states.

[0092] In some examples, the transmission mechanism 122 can also be a cam. When the motor 121 drives the cam to rotate, different positions on the outer peripheral surface of the cam contact the conductive component 130, which can drive the shunt 131 to move toward the stationary contact 111.

[0093] In other examples, the transmission mechanism 122 is a set of meshing gears. The rotational motion of the motor 121 is transmitted after being reduced or increased in speed by the gears. The rotational motion can be converted into linear motion by the cooperation of the gears and racks, which drives the conductive component 130 to move linearly, thereby improving the transmission accuracy of the transmission mechanism 122.

[0094] In some other examples, the transmission mechanism 122 is a lead screw and nut mechanism, where the motor 121 drives the lead screw to rotate, and the nut that cooperates with the lead screw moves along the lead screw axis, thereby driving the conductive component 130 to move.

[0095] In other examples, the transmission mechanism 122 can also be a belt drive mechanism, a chain drive mechanism, etc.

[0096] In some other embodiments, the drive assembly 120 may also be an electric actuator, a cylinder, etc.

[0097] In some embodiments, the relay 100 further includes a third elastic element 160, which is disposed on the side of the shunt 131 facing the first direction X, and is connected to the shunt 131 and the housing respectively.

[0098] Specifically, when the conductive component 130 and the stationary contact 111 are in the open state, the force of the third elastic element 160 ensures that the conductive component 130 is separated from the stationary contact 111. During the switching process of the relay 100, the third elastic element 160 can also assist the conductive component 130 to quickly reset, thereby improving the response speed and operational stability of the relay 100.

[0099] In some examples, the third elastic element 160 is a helical spring, which provides force for separating the conductive component 130 and the stationary contact 111.

[0100] In some examples, the third elastic element 160 can also be an elastic sheet, a torsion spring, or a leaf spring, etc.

[0101] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a control device 200, including a second housing 210 and the aforementioned relay 100, wherein the relay 100 is disposed within the second housing 210.

[0102] Specifically, the relay 100 is housed within the second housing 210. The second housing 210 provides physical protection for the relay 100, isolating it from external environmental interference factors such as dust, moisture, and vibration, which helps maintain the stable working state of the relay 100.

[0103] In some embodiments, the control device 200 further includes a BMS motherboard 260 and a control unit 270. The BMS motherboard 260, as the core control unit, integrates a processor, sampling circuit, protection module, etc., and is responsible for monitoring key parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the battery pack, and judging the status of the battery pack based on a preset algorithm.

[0104] The control unit 270 serves as the execution unit between the BMS main board 260 and the relay 100. The input terminal of the control unit 270 is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the BMS main board via a wire, and receives control commands issued by the BMS main board 260.

[0105] In some embodiments, the control device 200 further includes a front-drive connector 230, a rear-drive connector 240, a low-voltage connector 250, and a fast-charging connector 280. One end of the front-drive connector 230 is connected to the output terminal of the relay 100 via a cable, and the other end of the front-drive connector 230 is used to interface with the front-drive motor controller of the vehicle 400. The front-drive connector 230 integrates high-voltage pins and low-voltage signal pins, transmitting high-voltage power from the battery pack and communicating with the BMS motherboard 260 via low-voltage signals to provide feedback on the operating status of the front-drive system.

[0106] The rear drive connector 240 connects the output of the relay 100 to the rear drive motor controller, and is responsible for delivering high-voltage electrical energy to the rear drive system.

[0107] The fast charging connector 280 is connected to the input terminal of the relay 100, and the pin specifications of the fast charging connector 280 are adapted to the high current output of the fast charging pile.

[0108] The low-voltage connector 250 transmits vehicle status information in real time. When an abnormality in the low-voltage power supply is detected, the control device 200 is automatically triggered to switch to backup power.

[0109] In some embodiments, the control device 200 further includes a cover 290, which is used to seal the opening of the second housing 210, protect the components inside the second housing 210, and improve the service life of the control device 200.

[0110] In some embodiments, the second housing 210 is provided with a guide plate for connecting the control device 200 and the battery pack, preventing misalignment between the control device 200 and the battery pack and causing circuit failure, thereby improving the connection stability between the control device 200 and the battery pack.

[0111] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a battery pack, including a battery assembly 300 and the aforementioned control device 200, wherein the control device 200 is electrically connected to the battery assembly 300 via a connector 220.

[0112] Specifically, the battery pack 300 and the control device 200 are detachably connected, making the replacement, repair, and maintenance of the battery pack 300 more convenient and reducing maintenance and time costs. When a component inside the control device 200 malfunctions, it is not necessary to disassemble the entire battery pack 300, simplifying the repair process, shortening repair time, and significantly improving repair convenience and economy.

[0113] Fourthly, this application embodiment also provides a vehicle 400, including a body 410 and the aforementioned battery pack, the battery pack being disposed within the body 410.

[0114] In some examples, vehicle 400 can be a pure electric vehicle 400, a hybrid electric vehicle 400, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 400, a range-extended electric vehicle 400, etc.

[0115] In some embodiments, the control device 200 and the battery assembly 300 are spaced apart, with the battery assembly 300 located at the bottom of the vehicle body 410 and the control device 200 located at the front-wheel drive position, the rear-wheel drive position, or the charging position of the vehicle body 410.

[0116] Specifically, the battery pack 300 is typically installed at the bottom of the vehicle body 410. Moving the control device 200 to the front-wheel drive position, rear-wheel drive position, or charging position of the vehicle body 410 can free up installation space for the battery pack 300 at the bottom of the vehicle body 410, allowing the battery pack 300 to accommodate more battery cell modules within the same bottom dimensions of the vehicle body 410. Since the control device 200 and battery pack 300 are integrated at the bottom of the vehicle body 410, the wiring harness needs to extend from the bottom to the front and rear drive motors, which is typically quite long. Placing the control device 200 at the front or rear can significantly shorten the wiring harness length, reduce the wiring harness routing path within the vehicle body 410, reduce resistance loss and electromagnetic interference risks caused by excessive wiring harness length, and also reduce safety hazards caused by wiring harness wear and aging, thereby improving the stability of the entire vehicle's electrical system.

[0117] Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Features described in one embodiment may be applied, alone or in combination with other features, to another embodiment, unless that feature is not applicable in that other embodiment or is otherwise stated.

[0118] The application has been described through the above embodiments; however, it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the application to the described embodiments. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the application is not limited to the above embodiments, and many more variations and modifications can be made based on the teachings of this application, all of which fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A relay, characterized in that, include: A first housing (110) is provided with a stationary contact (111); A drive assembly (120) is disposed within the first housing (110); A conductive component (130) is connected to the driving component (120). The driving component (120) can drive the conductive component (130) to move in a first direction (X) or a second direction (Y) to switch the conductive component (130) between a first conductive state and a second conductive state. The first direction (X) is the direction in which the conductive component (130) faces the stationary contact (111). The first direction (X) is opposite to the second direction (Y). The conductive component (130) includes a shunt (131) and a first conductive element (132) electrically connected to the shunt (131), wherein the height of the first conductive element (132) is greater than the height of the shunt (131). In the first conductive state, the first conductive element (132) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity, while the shunt (131) is spaced apart from the stationary contact (111); in the second conductive state, the first conductive element (132) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity, while the shunt (131) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity.

2. The relay according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive component (130) further includes a second conductive element (133), which is electrically connected to the shunt (131). The second conductive element (133) is spaced apart from the first conductive element (132). The height of the first conductive element (132) is higher than the height of the second conductive element (133), and the height of the second conductive element (133) is higher than the height of the shunt (131), so as to switch between the first conductive state and the third conductive state and between the third conductive state and the second conductive state. The third conductive state is that the first conductive element (132) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity, the second conductive element (133) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity, and the shunt (131) is spaced apart from the stationary contact (111); The second conductive state is that the first conductive element (132) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity, the second conductive element (133) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity, and the shunt (131) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity. The first conductive state is that the first conductive element (132) is in contact with the stationary contact (111) and conducting electricity, the second conductive element (133) is spaced apart from the stationary contact (111), and the shunt (131) is spaced apart from the stationary contact (111).

3. The relay according to claim 2, characterized in that, The resistance value of the first conductive element (132) is greater than the resistance value of the second conductive element (133).

4. The relay according to claim 3, characterized in that, The resistance of the first conductive element (132) is a ceramic resistor or an alloy resistor.

5. The relay according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first elastic element (140), which is connected to the first conductive element (132) and the shunt (131) respectively. The first conductive element (132) is capable of moving relative to the shunt (131) in the second direction (Y).

6. The relay according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a second elastic element (150), which is connected to the second conductive element (133) and the shunt (131) respectively. The second conductive element (133) is capable of moving relative to the shunt (131) in the second direction (Y).

7. The relay according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It also includes a control board (170), which is electrically connected to the shunt (131). In the first conductive state, the control board (170) acquires the first current between the shunt (131) and the stationary contact (111); When the first current is greater than the first preset current value, the control board (170) controls the drive assembly (120) to separate the shunt (131) and the stationary contact (111).

8. The relay according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a third elastic element (160), which is disposed on the side of the diverter (131) facing the first direction (X), and the third elastic element (160) is connected to the diverter (131) and the housing respectively.

9. A control device, characterized in that, It includes a second housing (210) and a relay (100) as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, the relay (100) being disposed within the second housing (210).

10. A battery pack, characterized in that, It includes a battery assembly (300) and a control device (200) as described in claim 9, wherein the control device (200) is electrically connected to the battery assembly (300).

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes a vehicle body (410) and a battery pack as claimed in claim 10, the battery pack being disposed within the vehicle body (410).

12. The vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that, The control device (200) and the battery assembly (300) are spaced apart. The battery assembly (300) is located at the bottom of the vehicle body (410). The control device (200) is located at the front-wheel drive position, the rear-wheel drive position, or the charging position of the vehicle body (410).

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