Fuse made of novel graphene material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuses, in particular to a novel graphene material fuse which comprises a plug shell, a shell is arranged on one side of the plug shell, positioning bolts are arranged at the two corners of one side of the plug shell, an open groove is formed in one side of the shell, the open groove is closed through a cover plate, the fuse is arranged in the shell, and the fuse is arranged in the shell. The fuse comprises a shell installed in the shell, and electrodes are arranged at the two ends of the outer portion of the shell. The invention has the beneficial effect that through the combined design of the graphene sheet and the memory alloy sheet, a rapid and reliable short-circuit protection function is realized. When the temperature rises due to the abnormal rise of the current, the narrow contraction area on the graphene sheet is rapidly broken, the circuit is cut off in time, and further damage caused by short circuit is prevented. Meanwhile, the memory alloy sheet deforms when the temperature reaches a phase transformation point, the fracture part of the graphene sheet is driven to be far away, the distance of the fracture part is effectively increased, and potential hazards of electric arcs to a circuit are completely eradicated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuse technology, specifically to a novel graphene material fuse. Background Technology

[0002] Graphene, as a novel nanomaterial, has shown broad application prospects in various fields such as electronics, energy, and materials in recent years due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Particularly in the field of electrical protection, graphene's high conductivity, high strength, and excellent thermal stability make it an ideal choice for fuse materials. Researchers are attempting to apply graphene to fuse design to improve the performance and reliability of circuit protection devices. Theoretically, by introducing graphene sheets, fuses can achieve faster thermal response and more efficient current interruption, providing a new technological path for circuit safety.

[0003] However, despite the immense potential of graphene materials in fuse applications, existing graphene fuse designs still suffer from several significant drawbacks. First, the close proximity of the fracture points after a graphene sheet breaks makes it susceptible to arcing. This close proximity not only fails to effectively isolate the circuit but can also lead to continued arcing, further damaging the fuse's internal structure and potentially causing serious consequences such as fires. Furthermore, because the fracture points are too close together, the arc generated during a short circuit can cause secondary damage to the surrounding graphene material, reducing the fuse's overall reliability and lifespan. Additionally, existing designs lack intuitive methods for observing short circuits, preventing operators from quickly determining if a short circuit has occurred, delaying troubleshooting and increasing safety hazards. These shortcomings limit the widespread application of graphene fuses and necessitate further technological improvements and innovations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel graphene material fuse to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A novel graphene material fuse includes a plug-in shell. A housing is provided on one side of the plug-in shell, and positioning bolts are provided at both corners of one side of the plug-in shell. An opening slot is provided on one side of the housing, and the opening slot is closed by a cover plate. A fuse is disposed inside the housing. The fuse includes an outer shell installed inside the housing. Electrodes are provided at both ends of the outer shell, and conductive sheets are provided on the inner sides of both ends of the outer shell. Two conductive sheets are electrically connected to two electrodes respectively, and a graphene sheet is disposed between the two conductive sheets. Shape memory alloy sheets are disposed on both sides of the graphene sheet. When a short circuit occurs, the current passing through the graphene sheet causes its temperature to rise and break. The graphene sheet conducts the heat to the shape memory alloy sheets, which keep the break points of the graphene sheet far apart, preventing the electric arc from affecting the circuit.

[0006] Preferably, the graphene sheet includes a lower graphene sheet and an upper graphene sheet, and a narrow contraction region is provided between the opposite ends of the lower graphene sheet and the upper graphene sheet.

[0007] Preferably, the shape memory alloy sheet includes a heat-conducting part that is attached to one side of the graphene sheet near the narrow contraction area. One end of the heat-conducting part is integrally formed with a deformable part, and the other end of the deformable part is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell.

[0008] Preferably, the phase transition temperature of the deformable part is 500 degrees. When the deformable part has not reached the phase transition temperature, it bends along the direction of the graphene sheet. When the deformable part reaches the phase transition temperature, it gradually straightens and moves closer to the inner wall of the outer shell.

[0009] Preferably, both sides of the graphene sheet are provided with insulating substrates, the lower end of the insulating substrates is connected to the conductive sheet, and the opposite ends of the two insulating substrates are located near the narrow contraction area.

[0010] Preferably, the graphene novel material fuse further includes an early warning observer. The early warning observer includes a connecting rod hinged to the side of the heat-conducting part away from the graphene sheet. The other end of the connecting rod is hinged to a lower moving plate. An upper moving plate is connected to the upper side of the lower moving plate through a connecting strip. One side of the lower moving plate and the upper moving plate are respectively provided with a normal display area and an abnormal display area.

[0011] Preferably, the normal display area is green, representing that the circuit is normal, and the abnormal display area is red, representing that the circuit is abnormal.

[0012] Preferably, the outer shell is provided with an observation port communicating with its interior, and the inner wall of the shell is provided with guide grooves on both sides of the observation port. The lower moving plate and the upper moving plate are provided with flanges that are adapted to the guide grooves on both sides of one side. The flanges are longitudinally slidably disposed on the guide grooves. When the shape memory alloy sheet is not deformed, the normal display area on the lower moving plate corresponds exactly to the position of the observation port. When the flange on the lower moving plate slides to the bottom of the guide groove, the abnormal display area on the upper moving plate corresponds exactly to the position of the observation port.

[0013] Preferably, the graphene novel material fuse further includes a pressure relief device. The pressure relief device includes a limiting cylinder that passes through one side of the outer shell. One end of the limiting cylinder is located inside the outer shell and connected to a flared opening. A piston plate that is adapted to its internal dimensions is laterally slidably installed inside the limiting cylinder. A movable shaft is connected to one side of the piston plate. The other end of the movable shaft slides laterally through the inner side of one end of the limiting cylinder and is connected to a rubber block. A spring is sleeved on the outside of the movable shaft inside the limiting cylinder. The two ends of the spring are respectively connected to one side of the piston plate and the inner side of one end of the limiting cylinder.

[0014] Preferably, the cover plate includes a sealing plate rotatably mounted on the opening slot of the housing via a damping shaft. The upper end of the sealing plate is provided with a handle, and a rubber pad is provided on the side of the sealing plate near the housing. When the sealing plate closes the housing and no short circuit occurs, the rubber block at one end of the moving shaft is in contact with the rubber pad on the sealing plate.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: By combining graphene sheets and shape memory alloy sheets, a fast and reliable short-circuit protection function is achieved. When an abnormal increase in current leads to a rise in temperature, the narrow contraction zone on the graphene sheet rapidly breaks, promptly cutting off the circuit and preventing further damage caused by the short circuit. Simultaneously, the shape memory alloy sheet deforms when the temperature reaches its phase transition point, moving the fractured portion of the graphene sheet away from the break, effectively increasing the distance at the fracture point and eliminating the potential hazards of electric arcs to the circuit, ensuring the safety and stability of the circuit system.

[0016] Utilizing a mechanical linkage mechanism, the movement of the connecting rod and moving plate is driven by shape memory alloy sheets, achieving a clear fault display function. When a short circuit occurs, the abnormal display area on the upper moving plate corresponds to the observation port on the outer casing, with a clear red warning, facilitating quick identification and handling of the fault. Under normal circuit conditions, the green normal display area on the lower moving plate corresponds to the observation port, providing clear status indication and greatly improving the convenience and efficiency of equipment maintenance.

[0017] The integrated pneumatic drive and damping protection mechanism enhances the intuitiveness and safety of fault response. A short circuit causes an increase in internal air pressure, which drives the piston plate to open the cover, providing a clear indication of an electrical malfunction. Simultaneously, the damping shaft ensures the cover opens slowly, preventing potential secondary injuries from sudden opening. This design not only protects operators but also extends the equipment's lifespan, demonstrating both user-friendliness and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuse of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fuse of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the graphene sheet structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy sheet structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the early warning observer structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the fuse of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure relief device structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate structure of the present invention.

[0019] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Insert shell; 2. Shell; 3. Cover plate; 4. Outer shell; 5. Electrode; 6. Conductive sheet; 7. Graphene sheet; 8. Shape memory alloy sheet; 9. Lower graphene sheet; 10. Upper graphene sheet; 11. Narrowing area; 12. Heat-conducting part; 13. Deformable part; 14. Insulating substrate plate; 15. Connecting rod; 16. Lower moving plate; 17. Connecting strip; 18. Upper moving plate; 19. Normal display area; 20. Abnormal display area; 21. Flange; 22. Observation port; 23. Guide groove; 24. Limiting cylinder; 25. Horn mouth; 26. Piston plate; 27. Moving shaft; 28. Rubber block; 29. ​​Spring; 30. Sealing plate; 31. Damping rotating shaft; 32. Handle; 33. Rubber pad; 34. Positioning bolt; 35. Opening groove. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] This invention provides three technical solutions: Example 1: As Figures 1-3 As shown, a novel graphene material fuse includes a plug-in shell 1, a housing 2 on one side of the plug-in shell 1, and positioning bolts 34 at both corners of one side of the plug-in shell 1. An opening groove 35 is provided on one side of the housing 2, and the opening groove 35 is closed by a cover plate 3. A fuse is installed inside the housing 2, and the fuse includes an outer shell 4 installed inside the housing 2. Electrodes 5 are provided at both ends of the outer shell 4, and conductive sheets 6 are provided on the inner sides of both ends of the outer shell 4. The two conductive sheets 6 are electrically connected to the two electrodes 5 respectively, and a graphene sheet 7 is provided between the two conductive sheets 6. Shape memory alloy sheets 8 are provided on both sides of the graphene sheet 7. When a short circuit occurs, the current passing through the graphene sheet 7 causes the temperature to rise and break. The graphene sheet 7 conducts the temperature to the shape memory alloy sheets 8, and the shape memory alloy sheets 8 keep the break points of the graphene sheet 7 far apart, preventing the electric arc from affecting the circuit.

[0022] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the graphene sheet 7 includes a lower graphene sheet 9 and an upper graphene sheet 10, and a narrowing region 11 is provided between the opposite ends of the lower graphene sheet 9 and the upper graphene sheet 10. After opening the cover plate 3, the fuse is installed in the housing 4, and the electrode 5 on the housing 4 is connected to the wire contact to facilitate circuit connection. When the circuit is normal, current is transmitted through the graphene sheet 7. When a short circuit occurs, the current will increase, and the temperature will rise. When the current passes through the graphene sheet 7, the temperature of the graphene sheet 7 will rise. Since the narrowing region 11 on the graphene sheet 7 is relatively narrow, the narrowing region 11 will break quickly, so that it reacts quickly and cuts off the circuit.

[0023] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 as well as Figure 8 As shown, the shape memory alloy sheet 8 includes a heat-conducting part 12 that is attached to one side of the graphene sheet 7 near the narrow contraction area 11. One end of the heat-conducting part 12 is integrally formed with a deformation part 13, and the other end of the deformation part 13 is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 4.

[0024] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 as well as Figure 8As shown, the phase transition temperature of the deformable part 13 is 500 degrees. When the deformable part 13 has not reached the phase transition temperature, the deformable part 13 bends along the direction of the graphene sheet 7. When the deformable part 13 reaches the phase transition temperature, the deformable part 13 gradually straightens and moves closer to the inner wall of the outer shell 4.

[0025] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the graphene sheet 7 rises, the graphene sheet 7 conducts the temperature to the heat-conducting part 12 on the shape memory alloy sheet 8. The heat-conducting part 12 conducts the temperature to the deformable part 13, and then to the entire shape memory alloy sheet 8. When the temperature of the shape memory alloy sheet 8 is higher than 500 degrees, the shape memory alloy sheet 8 reaches the phase transition temperature, causing the deformable part 13 to gradually straighten and move closer to the inner wall of the outer shell 4. Because the two shape memory alloy sheets 8 on the graphene sheet 7 are arranged opposite to each other, the two shape memory alloy sheets 8 move away from each other, thereby causing the opposite ends of the lower graphene sheet 9 and the upper graphene sheet 10 to move away from each other, increasing the distance at the fracture point and preventing the arc from affecting the circuit.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, both sides of the graphene sheet 7 are provided with insulating substrate plates 14. The lower end of the insulating substrate plate 14 is connected to the conductive sheet 6, and the opposite ends of the two insulating substrate plates 14 are located near the narrow contraction area 11. The insulating substrate plate 14 supports the graphene sheet 7 and is elastic, which facilitates the movement of the fracture point when the shape memory alloy sheet 8 is deformed.

[0027] Example 2: Figures 2-3 as well as Figures 6-8 As shown, the graphene novel material fuse also includes an early warning observer. The early warning observer includes a connecting rod 15 hinged to the side of the heat-conducting part 12 away from the graphene sheet 7. The other end of the connecting rod 15 is hinged to a lower moving plate 16. The upper side of the lower moving plate 16 is connected to an upper moving plate 18 through a connecting strip 17. One side of the lower moving plate 16 and the upper moving plate 18 are respectively provided with a normal display area 19 and an abnormal display area 20.

[0028] like Figures 2-3 as well as Figures 6-8 As shown, the normal display area 19 is green, indicating that the circuit is normal, while the abnormal display area 20 is red, indicating that the circuit is abnormal.

[0029] like Figures 2-3 as well as Figures 6-8As shown, the outer shell 4 is provided with an observation port 22 communicating with its interior, and the inner wall of the outer shell 4 is provided with guide grooves 23 on both sides of the observation port 22. The lower moving plate 16 and the upper moving plate 18 are provided with flanges 21 that are adapted to the guide grooves 23 on both sides of one side. The flanges 21 are longitudinally slidably disposed on the guide grooves 23. When the shape memory alloy sheet 8 is not deformed, the normal display area 19 on the lower moving plate 16 corresponds exactly to the position of the observation port 22. When the flanges 21 on the lower moving plate 16 slide to the bottom of the guide groove 23, the abnormal display area 20 on the upper moving plate 18 corresponds exactly to the position of the observation port 22. The deformation of the shape memory alloy sheet 8 can make the flanges 21 slide to the bottom of the guide groove 23.

[0030] In this embodiment, when the shape memory alloy sheet 8 moves the fractured part closer to the inner wall of the outer shell 4, the shape memory alloy sheet 8 drives the connecting rod 15 to move. The connecting rod 15 will drive the lower moving plate 16 to move down. When the flange 21 on the lower moving plate 16 moves to the bottom of the guide groove 23, the abnormal display area 20 on the upper moving plate 18 corresponds to the observation port 22 on the outer shell 4. The abnormal display area 20 on the upper moving plate 18 is red, so the abnormal display area 20 can be seen through the observation port 22, so that the personnel know that a short circuit has occurred. When no short circuit has occurred, the shape memory alloy sheet 8 will not deform. At this time, the normal display area 19 on the lower moving plate 16 will correspond to the observation port 22. The normal display area 19 on the lower moving plate 16 is green, which means that the circuit is normal.

[0031] Example 3: Figure 2 as well as Figures 9-10 As shown, the graphene novel material fuse also includes a pressure relief device. The pressure relief device includes a limiting cylinder 24 that passes through one side of the outer shell 4. One end of the limiting cylinder 24 is located inside the outer shell 4 and connected to a flared mouth 25. A piston plate 26 that matches the internal size is laterally slidably installed inside the limiting cylinder 24. A moving shaft 27 is connected to one side of the piston plate 26. The other end of the moving shaft 27 slides laterally through the inner side of one end of the limiting cylinder 24 and is connected to a rubber block 28. A spring 29 is sleeved on the outside of the moving shaft 27 inside the limiting cylinder 24. The two ends of the spring 29 are respectively connected to one side of the piston plate 26 and the inner side of one end of the limiting cylinder 24.

[0032] like Figure 2 as well as Figures 9-10As shown, the cover plate 3 includes a sealing plate 30 rotatably mounted on the opening slot 35 of the housing 2 via a damping shaft 31. The upper end of the sealing plate 30 is provided with a handle 32, and a rubber pad 33 is provided on the side of the sealing plate 30 near the housing 2. When the sealing plate 30 closes the housing 2 and no short circuit occurs, the rubber block 28 at one end of the moving shaft 27 is in contact with the rubber pad 33 on the sealing plate 30. Through the setting of the rubber block 28 and the rubber pad 33, when the moving shaft 27 pushes the sealing plate 30 to open, it can protect the sealing plate 30 and prevent the sealing plate 30 from being damaged.

[0033] In this embodiment, when a short circuit occurs, the temperature rises, increasing the internal air pressure of the outer casing 4. Under the pressure difference between the inside and outside, the air pressure inside the outer casing 4 enters the limiting cylinder 24 through the flared opening 25, thereby pushing the piston plate 26. Under the elasticity of the spring 29, the piston plate 26 drives the moving shaft 27 to move towards the cover plate 3, causing the rubber block 28 at one end of the moving shaft 27 to push the sealing plate 30 on the cover plate 3, thus opening the cover plate 3. Under the action of the damping rotating shaft 31, the cover plate 3 will open slowly, providing protection for the cover plate 3. In this way, when personnel see the cover plate 3 open, they will immediately know that the circuit is abnormal.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel graphene material fuse, comprising a plug-in shell (1), a housing (2) provided on one side of the plug-in shell (1), and positioning bolts (34) provided at both corners of one side of the plug-in shell (1), an opening groove (35) provided on one side of the housing (2), the opening groove (35) being closed by a cover plate (3), and a fuse provided inside the housing (2), characterized in that: The fuse includes an outer shell (4) installed inside the housing (2). Electrodes (5) are provided at both ends of the outer shell (4), and conductive sheets (6) are provided on the inner sides of both ends of the outer shell (4). Two conductive sheets (6) are electrically connected to two electrodes (5) respectively, and a graphene sheet (7) is provided between the two conductive sheets (6). Memory alloy sheets (8) are provided on both sides of the graphene sheet (7). When a short circuit occurs in the circuit, the temperature rises when the current passes through the graphene sheet (7) and causes it to break. The graphene sheet (7) conducts the temperature to the memory alloy sheet (8). The memory alloy sheet (8) keeps the break points of the graphene sheet (7) far apart from each other, preventing the electric arc from affecting the circuit.

2. The graphene novel material fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graphene sheet (7) includes a lower graphene sheet (9) and an upper graphene sheet (10), and a narrowing region (11) is provided between the opposite ends of the lower graphene sheet (9) and the upper graphene sheet (10).

3. The graphene novel material fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shape memory alloy sheet (8) includes a heat-conducting part (12) attached to one side of the graphene sheet (7) near the narrow contraction area (11). One end of the heat-conducting part (12) is integrally formed with a deformation part (13), and the other end of the deformation part (13) is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (4).

4. The graphene novel material fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that: The phase transition temperature of the deformable part (13) is 500 degrees. When the deformable part (13) has not reached the phase transition temperature, the deformable part (13) bends along the direction of the graphene sheet (7). When the deformable part (13) reaches the phase transition temperature, the deformable part (13) gradually straightens and moves closer to the inner wall of the outer shell (4).

5. A novel graphene material fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that: The graphene sheet (7) has an insulating substrate (14) on both sides. The lower end of the insulating substrate (14) is connected to the conductive sheet (6), and the opposite ends of the two insulating substrates (14) are located near the narrow contraction area (11).

6. A novel graphene material fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that: The graphene novel material fuse also includes an early warning observer. The early warning observer includes a connecting rod (15) hinged to the side of the heat-conducting part (12) away from the graphene sheet (7). The other end of the connecting rod (15) is hinged to a lower moving plate (16). The upper side of the lower moving plate (16) is connected to an upper moving plate (18) through a connecting strip (17). One side of the lower moving plate (16) and the upper moving plate (18) are respectively provided with a normal display area (19) and an abnormal display area (20).

7. A novel graphene material fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that: The normal display area (19) is green, indicating that the circuit is normal, and the abnormal display area (20) is red, indicating that the circuit is abnormal.

8. A novel graphene material fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer shell (4) is provided with an observation port (22) communicating with its interior. The inner wall of the outer shell (4) is provided with guide grooves (23) on both sides of the observation port (22). The lower moving plate (16) and the upper moving plate (18) are provided with flanges (21) that are adapted to the guide grooves (23) on both sides of one side. The flanges (21) are slidably disposed on the guide grooves (23). When the shape memory alloy sheet (8) is not deformed, the normal display area (19) on the lower moving plate (16) corresponds to the position of the observation port (22). When the flanges (21) on the lower moving plate (16) slide to the bottom of the guide groove (23), the abnormal display area (20) on the upper moving plate (18) corresponds to the position of the observation port (22).

9. A novel graphene material fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graphene novel material fuse also includes a pressure relief device, which includes a limiting cylinder (24) passing through one side of the outer shell (4). One end of the limiting cylinder (24) is located inside the outer shell (4) and connected to a flared mouth (25). A piston plate (26) adapted to its internal size is slidably installed inside the limiting cylinder (24). A moving shaft (27) is connected to one side of the piston plate (26). The other end of the moving shaft (27) slides laterally through the inner side of one end of the limiting cylinder (24) and is connected to a rubber block (28). A spring (29) is sleeved on the outside of the moving shaft (27) inside the limiting cylinder (24). The two ends of the spring (29) are respectively connected to one side of the piston plate (26) and the inner side of one end of the limiting cylinder (24).

10. A novel graphene material fuse according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cover plate (3) includes a sealing plate (30) rotatably mounted on the opening slot (35) of the housing (2) via a damping shaft (31). The upper end of the sealing plate (30) is provided with a handle (32), and a rubber pad (33) is provided on the side of the sealing plate (30) close to the housing (2). When the sealing plate (30) closes the housing (2) and the circuit is not short-circuited, the rubber block (28) at one end of the moving shaft (27) is in contact with the rubber pad (33) on the sealing plate (30).

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