MEMS and TMR fused overhead line lightweight monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses an MEMS and TMR fused overhead line lightweight monitoring device, and the device comprises an annular shielding cover which sleeves a to-be-detected overhead conductor and is coaxial with the to-be-detected overhead conductor, and the side wall of the annular shielding cover is provided with a through hole; the sensing unit comprises at least two MEMS electric field sensors and at least two TMR magnetic field sensors and is used for detecting an electric field and a magnetic field generated by the overhead conductor to be detected; the analysis processing unit is used for receiving, processing and transmitting the signal generated by the sensing unit; and the power supply unit is arranged in the annular shielding cover and is electrically connected with the sensing unit and the analysis processing unit. The beneficial effect of the invention is that the coupling crosstalk phenomenon generated by an external electromagnetic field can be effectively suppressed. Moreover, the monitoring device is small in size, is convenient to install and deploy in a complex line environment, provides a stable hardware basis for precise inversion of voltage and current through structural cooperation, and provides reliable support for intelligent monitoring of an overhead line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of overhead line voltage and current measurement technology, and more specifically, to a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines that integrates MEMS and TMR. Background Technology

[0002] In power systems, voltage and current monitoring of overhead lines currently relies mainly on electromagnetic transformers (PT / CT). However, these traditional devices have significant limitations: their large size, high cost, and complex insulation processes restrict their installation range, making wide-area deployment impossible and limiting the ability to analyze line electrical characteristics, identify faults, and locate faults.

[0003] Non-invasive measurement methods have become a research hotspot due to their higher safety and ease of deployment. However, existing non-invasive devices are still insufficient to meet the needs of large-scale power transmission deployments, and the complex electromagnetic field coupling effects in multi-conductor transmission scenarios can interfere with measurement signals, leading to increased voltage and current reconstruction errors in inversion algorithms and failing to provide effective data support for the safe and stable operation of power systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines that integrates MEMS and TMR.

[0005] This invention provides a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines that integrates MEMS and TMR, the device comprising:

[0006] The annular shield, in the form of a cylinder, is fitted over the overhead conductor to be tested and is coaxially arranged with the overhead conductor to be tested. Its sidewall has through holes to expose the local electric and magnetic fields of the overhead conductor to be tested.

[0007] The sensing unit, disposed inside the annular shield, includes:

[0008] At least two MEMS electric field sensors are arranged above the through hole in a direction perpendicular to the overhead conductor under test to measure the electric field strength around the overhead conductor under test.

[0009] At least two TMR magnetic field sensors are arranged around the overhead conductor under test to detect the magnetic field generated by the current in the overhead conductor under test;

[0010] An analysis and processing unit is disposed inside the annular shield near the sensing unit, and receives, processes and transmits signals generated by the sensing unit;

[0011] The power supply unit is located inside the annular shield and is electrically connected to the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the analysis and processing unit includes a signal conditioning circuit and a wireless communication unit. The signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the sensing unit, receives and converts the signal generated by the sensing unit, and the wireless communication unit transmits the converted signal to the terminal.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the signal conditioning circuit and the wireless communication unit are symmetrically distributed along the overhead conductor under test.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the power supply unit includes a CT module and a power module. The CT module is snapped onto the overhead conductor to be tested to obtain power by induction. The power module is located inside the annular shield on the side away from the through hole and is electrically connected to the CT module, the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit. It converts the electrical energy obtained by the CT module and outputs it to form a stable voltage or current.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the power supply unit further includes a battery disposed on both sides of the power module and electrically connected to the power module to assist in power supply.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the MEMS electric field sensor adopts a multi-point arrangement.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, an adaptive whale optimization algorithm with nonlinear weights is used to determine the distance between each MEMS electric field sensor and the overhead conductor to be tested.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the TMR magnetic field sensor adopts a multi-array deployment method.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the through hole adopts an adjustable louver structure.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the annular shield is a split structure, including a detachable upper shell and a lower shell.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by placing a ring-shaped shield over the overhead conductor under test and setting it to be coaxial with the conductor, the coupling crosstalk phenomenon generated by the external electromagnetic field can be effectively suppressed. Furthermore, the monitoring device designed in this application is compact, facilitating installation and deployment in complex line environments. Through structural coordination, it provides a stable hardware foundation for accurate voltage and current inversion, offering reliable support for intelligent monitoring of overhead lines. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines that integrates MEMS and TMR, as described in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is an overall schematic diagram of a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines that integrates MEMS and TMR, as described in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the XY cross section of a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines that integrates MEMS and TMR, as described in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the YZ cross section of a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines that integrates MEMS and TMR, as described in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the XZ cross section of a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines that integrates MEMS and TMR, as described in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram, 1 is a ring-shaped shield; 2 is a signal conditioning circuit; 3 is a MEMS electric field sensor; 4 is a TMR magnetic field sensor; 5 is a support component; 6 is a CT module; 7 is a power module; 8 is a battery; and 9 is a wireless communication unit. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0031] Furthermore, the terminology used in the description of this invention is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used to specify the presence of said elements, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements, steps, operations, and / or components. The terms "first," "second," etc., may be used to describe various elements, do not represent an order, and do not limit these elements. Moreover, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. These and / or other aspects become apparent in conjunction with the following drawings, and those skilled in the art will more readily understand the description of the embodiments of the invention. The drawings are used for illustrative purposes only to depict the embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods shown in the invention can be employed without departing from the principles of the invention.

[0032] like Figures 1-5 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines integrating MEMS and TMR is provided. The device includes:

[0033] The annular shield 1 has a cylindrical structure and is fitted on the outside of the overhead conductor to be tested and is coaxially arranged with the overhead conductor to be tested. Its side wall (the side wall facing the ground after the annular shield 1 is fitted on the overhead conductor to be tested) has through holes to expose the local electric field and magnetic field of the overhead conductor to be tested.

[0034] The sensing unit, disposed inside the annular shield 1, includes:

[0035] At least two MEMS electric field sensors 3 are arranged above the through hole in a direction perpendicular to the overhead conductor under test to measure the electric field strength around the overhead conductor under test.

[0036] At least two TMR magnetic field sensors 4 are arranged around the overhead conductor under test to detect the magnetic field generated by the current in the overhead conductor under test;

[0037] An analysis and processing unit is disposed inside the annular shield 1 near the sensing unit, and receives, processes and transmits signals generated by the sensing unit;

[0038] The power supply unit is located inside the annular shield 1 and is electrically connected to the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit.

[0039] Based on the principle of electrostatic shielding, the annular shield 1 and the coaxial overhead conductor to be measured form an equipotential body, so that the electric field of the internal cavity formed by the two is zero. This not only suppresses the coupling interference of the external electromagnetic field, but also suppresses the discharge of the external structure of the annular shield 1, effectively reducing the measurement error.

[0040] An insulating material is filled between the annular shield and the overhead conductor under test. The sensing unit, analysis and processing unit, and power supply unit are embedded inside this insulating material for fixation. It is understood that the insulating material includes, but is not limited to, epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, and silicone rubber, which can be selected according to actual needs.

[0041] By placing the MEMS electric field sensor 3 at the through hole, the overall structure of the annular shield 1 can be used to resist external interference, and a potential difference can be formed through the through hole, which makes it easy for the MEMS electric field sensor 3 to directly sense the electric field strength around the overhead conductor under test and invert the voltage.

[0042] By surrounding the overhead conductor under test with the TMR magnetic field sensor 4, the distance between the sensor and the conductor can be minimized, allowing it to more directly sense changes in the magnetic field generated by the current. This reduces the loss and distortion of the magnetic field during propagation, lowers the error caused by signal attenuation, and also reduces signal crosstalk between the two sensors by utilizing spatial layering, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of current measurement.

[0043] In this application, the annular shield 1 is fitted over the overhead conductor under test and is positioned coaxially with it, effectively suppressing coupling crosstalk caused by external electromagnetic fields. The inclusion of a MEMS electric field sensor 3 and a TMR magnetic field sensor 4 allows for simultaneous capture of electromagnetic field signals in different spatial dimensions, reducing blind spots in single-direction measurements. The analysis and processing unit is positioned close to the sensing unit, shortening the signal transmission path and further reducing noise introduction during transmission. The power supply unit is directly connected to each component (sensing unit, signal conditioning circuit 2, and wireless communication unit 9), ensuring timely power supply and preventing data loss due to power supply delays. This design maintains the device's lightweight characteristics, meets the needs of wide-area and distributed deployment of overhead lines, facilitates rapid identification and location of line faults, reduces errors in the diagnostic process, improves location accuracy, and enables rapid fault handling, effectively reducing maintenance costs.

[0044] Furthermore, the through-hole adopts an adjustable louver structure to dynamically adjust the exposure range of the electric and magnetic fields. By changing the opening angle and degree of louver opening and closing, the actual transparent area of ​​the through-hole can be flexibly adjusted. This not only ensures the sensor's efficiency in acquiring effective signals but also enhances the device's adaptability to complex electromagnetic environments. For example, when it is necessary to expand the monitoring range to obtain more comprehensive electromagnetic field information, the louver opening can be increased, allowing more electric and magnetic field signals to pass through the through-hole and be captured by the internal MEMS electric field sensor 3 and / or TMR magnetic field sensor 4; while when there is strong external electromagnetic interference or when it is necessary to focus on measuring a specific area, the louver opening can be reduced to decrease the mixing of non-target electromagnetic fields and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0045] The louvers are made of non-metallic materials, such as epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and silicone rubber, to avoid interference with electric and magnetic fields and reduce measurement errors.

[0046] Preferably, the outer surface of the annular shield 1 is coated with a hydrophobic and anti-fouling coating to reduce the impact of environmental factors on the measurement and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data. Its hydrophobic properties make it difficult for liquids such as rainwater to remain on its surface, reducing the impact on the surface electric field; its anti-fouling properties can effectively prevent the adhesion of dust, pollutants, etc., maintain the stability of the surface physical properties of the annular shield 1, and ensure its electrostatic shielding function and the relative stability of the measurement environment of each internal sensor.

[0047] Furthermore, the annular shield 1 is a split structure, including a detachable upper shell and a lower shell, which facilitates installation and maintenance.

[0048] The upper and lower housings can be secured with clips or screws, depending on the application scenario and requirements. For example, when the detection device is used for long-term monitoring, more robust and reliable screws can be selected for fixation to ensure that the measurement environment inside the annular shield 1 remains stable. When the detection device is used for short-term monitoring, simpler and faster clips can be selected for fixation, facilitating quick installation and deployment by personnel and subsequent recovery work, saving time and improving work efficiency.

[0049] Furthermore, the annular shield 1 is made of a highly conductive material, including but not limited to silver, copper, aluminum, gold, and their alloys.

[0050] Preferably, to reduce the overall weight of the device, a 3D printed model can be used, and then a high-conductivity metal film can be applied.

[0051] In one embodiment, the analysis and processing unit includes a signal conditioning circuit 2 and a wireless communication unit 9. The signal conditioning circuit 2 is electrically connected to the sensing unit, receives and converts the signal generated by the sensing unit, and the wireless communication unit 9 transmits the converted signal to the terminal.

[0052] The signal conditioning circuit 2 processes the received signal through signal amplification, signal filtering, signal isolation, linearization, and compensation. Signal amplification: A suitable amplifier is used to linearly amplify the signals transmitted by the MEMS electric field sensor 3 and the TMR magnetic field sensor 4, increasing the signal amplitude to a suitable range for subsequent processing and transmission. Signal filtering: A high-pass filter suppresses low-frequency drift noise, and a band-pass filter locks the effective signal frequency band (50Hz power frequency and harmonics) while shielding against high-frequency electromagnetic interference, further improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Signal isolation: Optical isolation and transformer isolation are used to allow signals to be transmitted only in a specific, electrical-interference-free manner, achieving electrical isolation between the sensing unit and subsequent circuits, ensuring signal stability during transmission and the independence of each module's operation. Linearization and compensation: Based on the inherent nonlinear output characteristics of the MEMS electric field sensor 3 and the TMR magnetic field sensor 4, the output signal is linearized to correct the sensor's nonlinear response or environmental drift.

[0053] The wireless communication unit 9 uses wireless communication technologies, such as common Bluetooth, ZigBee, 4G / 5G and other communication methods, to transmit the processed signal to the terminal.

[0054] Preferably, the wireless communication unit 9 supports two-way communication and can receive control commands (such as parameter configuration and sampling frequency adjustment) issued by the terminal to achieve remote management of the monitoring device. The terminal includes a server in the monitoring center and mobile devices for staff, so that relevant personnel can obtain relevant data on the electric and magnetic fields of the overhead conductor under test in a timely manner, and then perform operations such as line status analysis, fault diagnosis, and subsequent operation and maintenance decisions based on this data, thereby realizing remote and efficient monitoring and management of the overhead conductor under test.

[0055] Furthermore, the signal conditioning circuit 2 and the wireless communication unit 9 are symmetrically distributed along the overhead conductor under test. This not only avoids interference with the electric and magnetic fields generated by the overhead conductor under test, thus preventing disruption of the original state of the electromagnetic field, but also avoids problems such as inconsistent signal attenuation and uneven electromagnetic interference caused by factors such as differences in line length and wiring direction. This ensures that the signal can be transmitted from the signal conditioning circuit 2 to the wireless communication unit 9 in a relatively stable and consistent state, thereby improving the reliability of the entire data transmission process.

[0056] In one embodiment, the power supply unit includes a CT module 6 and a power module 7. The CT module 6 is snapped onto the overhead conductor to be tested to draw power inductively. The power module 7 is located inside the annular shield 1 on the side away from the through hole and is electrically connected to the CT module 6, the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit. It converts the electrical energy sensed by the CT module 6 and outputs it to form a stable voltage or current.

[0057] When an alternating current flows through the overhead conductor under test, an alternating magnetic field is generated around it. The core of the CT module 6 is a closed iron core (or magnetic core) with a secondary coil wound around it. When the module is fixed to the overhead conductor under test, the conductor acts as the primary coil of the current transformer, passing through the center of the iron core and becoming the source of the magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force in the secondary coil. The alternating current in the overhead conductor under test generates an alternating magnetic field, which passes through the iron core and induces a secondary current or voltage in the secondary coil proportional to the primary current. The CT module 6 outputs induced electrical energy through the secondary coil and transmits it to the power supply module 7, which processes it to power the entire device. This process achieves energy transfer from the high-voltage conductor to the low-voltage side without direct electrical connection, ensuring power supply safety. It achieves non-contact, safe power extraction and adapts to dynamic changes in line current, providing continuous power to the device.

[0058] After receiving the induced electrical energy transmitted by the CT module 6, the power module 7 first converts it into unidirectional pulsating DC power through a rectifier circuit, then smooths the ripple through a filter circuit to reduce fluctuations, and then stabilizes the voltage at the rated value required by each component with the help of a voltage regulator chip, and finally outputs stable electrical energy to supply core components such as the sensing unit, signal conditioning circuit 2, and wireless communication unit 9.

[0059] Preferably, the power module 7 integrates overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions. When the input power is abnormal (such as instantaneous high voltage), it can automatically cut off the output or limit the current to ensure circuit safety.

[0060] Preferably, a support member 5 is provided below the CT module 6 to prevent the CT module 6 from becoming loose or shifting, further ensuring that the CT module 6 is accurately and firmly fixed on the overhead conductor to be tested. Multiple support members 5 are evenly distributed to distribute the load and avoid deformation of the support member 5 or loosening of the CT module 6 due to concentrated force.

[0061] Furthermore, the power supply unit also includes a battery 8, which is disposed on both sides of the power module 7 and electrically connected to the power module 7 to assist in power supply.

[0062] Placing the battery 8 on both sides of the power module 7 facilitates a compact circuit connection with the power module 7, reduces the complexity of internal wiring, and makes full use of the limited space inside the annular shield 1, resulting in a more balanced overall layout and easier installation and fixation.

[0063] Battery 8 is electrically connected to power module 7, forming a bidirectional energy exchange link. When CT module 6 senses sufficient power, power module 7 supplies power to the core components of the device while also replenishing battery 8, storing excess energy to ensure battery 8 is always in a fully charged or nearly fully charged standby state. When CT module 6 senses insufficient or interrupted power, battery 8 can quickly switch to power supply mode through power module 7, continuously providing power to the core components of the device (sensing unit, signal conditioning circuit 2, wireless communication unit 9, etc.), avoiding data loss or device shutdown due to power outages. This not only achieves efficient energy storage and utilization but also ensures the stability and endurance of the power supply system through the intelligent charging and discharging control of power module 7, further improving the reliability of the entire monitoring device under complex operating conditions.

[0064] Figure 1 The area of ​​the through-hole shown is much larger than the area of ​​the MEMS electric field sensor, and multiple MEMS electric field sensors can be arranged in the area where the through-hole is located. In one embodiment, the MEMS electric field sensor 3 is arranged in a multi-point manner. Multi-point arrangement can effectively offset the measurement error caused by the installation position deviation or local electromagnetic field distortion of a single sensor. By fusing and analyzing multiple electric field data, the true distribution characteristics of the electric field to be measured can be more comprehensively reflected, the influence of random errors on the measurement results can be reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of the data can be improved.

[0065] Preferably, multiple MEMS electric field sensors 3 are symmetrically arranged. When there is slight electromagnetic interference in the external environment or the device undergoes slight displacement due to vibration or other factors, the symmetrically distributed MEMS electric field sensors 3 can effectively reduce the impact of interference on the overall measurement through mutual verification and compensation of signals, thereby further improving the accuracy and stability of voltage inversion.

[0066] Furthermore, an adaptive whale optimization algorithm with nonlinear weights is used to determine the distance between each MEMS electric field sensor and the overhead conductor under test.

[0067] Design nonlinear weights S1 and S2 to dynamically adjust the current optimal position and encirclement step size.

[0068]

[0069] Wherein, γ is the range of S1 and S2 (preferably γ = 0.5), and λ is the step size of S1 and S2 (preferably λ = 1).

[0070] It mainly consists of three stages: surrounding the prey (moving towards the current best individual), bubble attack (spiraling position update), and random search (global random walk).

[0071] Step 1: Randomly generate a whale population (the whale population is a group of MEMS electric field sensors, including multiple MEMS electric field sensors, and the position of the whales represents the position of the MEMS electric field sensors), and set the convergence factor a and the maximum number of iterations T.

[0072] Step 2: Calculate the individual fitness and record the best individual.

[0073] Step 3: Generate a random number p (p is a random number between 0 and 1). Adjust the encirclement step size A according to the update status of the current optimal solution. If the optimal solution has not been updated for several consecutive generations, increase a to expand the search range.

[0074]

[0075] A = 2a·ra

[0076] C = 2r

[0077] Where a is a convergence factor that decreases linearly from 2 to 0 as the number of iterations increases, t is the current iteration number, r is a random number between 0 and 1, and C is a parameter vector.

[0078] Step 4: If p < 0.5 and |A| < 1, surround the prey:

[0079]

[0080] If p < 0.5 and |A| ≥ 1, perform a random search:

[0081]

[0082] If p ≥ 0.5, spiral update position:

[0083]

[0084] Where D is the distance between the current individual position and the optimal individual position. The optimal sensor spacing combination found so far. Let this be the current individual's position vector. Let b be a position vector randomly selected from the current population, b be a constant used to define the shape of the spiral, l be a random number between -1 and 1, and D' be the distance between each individual and the optimal individual.

[0085] Repeat steps 2-4 above until the maximum number of iterations is reached, then output the optimal solution.

[0086] The adaptive whale optimization algorithm with nonlinear weights can effectively balance global search and local exploitation. It not only converges faster and improves optimization efficiency, but also improves optimization accuracy, making sensor spacing more precise. It enhances adaptability and robustness in complex environmental interference, further improving the accuracy of electric field measurement and the performance of the monitoring system, and providing strong support for sensor layout optimization.

[0087] In the optimization of MEMS electric field sensors, the optimization range is limited to the vertical path between the overhead conductor under test and the through hole. For example, if there are three MEMS electric field sensors, and the distances between the three MEMS electric field sensors and the center of the overhead conductor under test are set as m1, m2, and m3 respectively, with m1 < m2 < m3, then an adaptive whale optimization algorithm with nonlinear weights is used to determine the specific values ​​of m1, m2, and m3, and the MEMS electric field sensors are installed and set according to these values.

[0088] In one embodiment, the TMR magnetic field sensor 4 is deployed in a multi-array configuration.

[0089] Multi-array deployment includes, but is not limited to, ring arrays, parallel arrays, and staggered arrays. Multiple TMR magnetic field sensors 4 are arranged according to a preset pattern, enabling the TMR magnetic field sensors 4 to simultaneously acquire magnetic field signals around the overhead conductor under test from different spatial points. This overcomes the spatial limitations of a single sensor, simultaneously acquiring the intensity and distribution characteristics of the magnetic field in different directions (such as radial and circumferential) and at different distances. Through cross-validation and fusion analysis of multiple sets of data, the three-dimensional spatial distribution pattern of the magnetic field is more accurately reconstructed, effectively avoiding misjudgments of magnetic field characteristics caused by single-point measurement deviations. Moreover, the multiple TMR magnetic field sensors 4 in the array can form a redundant measurement mechanism. That is, when a local area is subjected to transient electromagnetic interference, the data from other unaffected TMR magnetic field sensors 4 can serve as an effective supplement. By eliminating outliers through algorithms, the stability of the overall measurement data is further ensured.

[0090] Preferably, the distance between each TMR magnetic field sensor and the overhead conductor to be tested is determined using the aforementioned adaptive whale optimization algorithm with nonlinear weights, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0091] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0092] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments.

[0093] Those skilled in the art will understand that although the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, various changes may be made and its elements may be substituted with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, many modifications may be made to adapt particular situations or materials to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight monitoring device for overhead lines integrating MEMS and TMR, characterized in that, include: The annular shield, in the form of a cylinder, is fitted over the overhead conductor to be tested and is coaxially arranged with the overhead conductor to be tested. Its sidewall has through holes to expose the local electric and magnetic fields of the overhead conductor to be tested. The sensing unit, disposed inside the annular shield, includes: At least two MEMS electric field sensors are arranged above the through hole in a direction perpendicular to the overhead conductor under test to measure the electric field strength around the overhead conductor under test. At least two TMR magnetic field sensors are arranged around the overhead conductor under test to detect the magnetic field generated by the current in the overhead conductor under test; An analysis and processing unit is disposed inside the annular shield near the sensing unit, and receives, processes and transmits signals generated by the sensing unit; The power supply unit is located inside the annular shield and is electrically connected to the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit.

2. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The analysis and processing unit includes a signal conditioning circuit and a wireless communication unit. The signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the sensing unit, receives and converts the signal generated by the sensing unit, and the wireless communication unit transmits the converted signal to the terminal.

3. The monitoring device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The signal conditioning circuit and the wireless communication unit are symmetrically distributed along the overhead conductor under test.

4. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply unit includes a CT module and a power module. The CT module is snapped onto the overhead conductor under test to draw power by induction. The power module is located inside the annular shield on the side away from the through hole and is electrically connected to the CT module, the sensing unit and the analysis and processing unit. It converts the electrical energy sensed by the CT module and outputs it to form a stable voltage or current.

5. The monitoring device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply unit also includes a battery, which is disposed on both sides of the power module and electrically connected to the power module to assist in power supply.

6. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The MEMS electric field sensor is arranged in a multi-point configuration.

7. The monitoring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, An adaptive whale optimization algorithm with nonlinear weights is used to determine the distance between each MEMS electric field sensor and the overhead conductor under test.

8. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The TMR magnetic field sensor is deployed in a multi-array configuration.

9. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The through-hole adopts an adjustable louver structure.

10. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The annular shield is a split structure, consisting of a detachable upper shell and a lower shell.

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