Spatial special-shaped steel pipe structure installation deviation analysis method based on three-dimensional laser scanning

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of steel structure design and installation, in particular to a spatial special-shaped steel pipe structure installation deviation analysis method based on three-dimensional laser scanning, which comprises the following steps: step 1, scanning a field structural member through a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain point cloud data of a steel pipe chord member of a steel pipe structure and key connection points thereof, establishing an actual measurement model; 2, setting a reference target point on site, fitting and aligning the actual measurement model and the design model, and unifying a coordinate system; and step 3, selecting a tangent plane at the key part of the steel pipe structure, and calculating the circle center coordinate and radius of the tangent plane by adopting a three-point fitting mathematical method. Through the combination of the three-dimensional laser scanning technology and the innovative geometric algorithm, the industrial problem of space special-shaped steel structure installation deviation analysis is solved, breakthrough is achieved in the four dimensions of precision, efficiency, cost and standardization, and a quantizable and reusable technical normal form is provided for quality control of complex steel structure engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of steel structure design and installation technology, and in particular to a method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning. Background Technology

[0002] During the actual monitoring of spatial irregular steel structure projects, surveyors use 3D scanners to perform 3D positioning and scanning measurements of the installed components, collect point data formed in the space of the components, process the data, and use software to form a point cloud model. Then, they use the design model built in the computer to combine the two models.

[0003] Current traditional measurement methods cannot meet the monitoring requirements of spatial irregular steel structure projects. Three-dimensional laser scanning is gradually being introduced from other fields into the steel structure field, providing precise guidance for the installation of steel structure projects. Practice has proven that the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in spatial irregular steel structure projects is practically feasible.

[0004] However, in the actual scanning process of spatial irregular steel structures, due to the complexity of the project, 3D scanners often cannot completely scan the outline of the components. Therefore, the collected data only covers a limited area. Faced with complex and massive point cloud data models, restoring the complete outline is quite difficult for computers, and the model restored by the software has a non-negligible bias during fitting. Therefore, in this case, a reliable and accurate method for analyzing the deviation of 3D laser scanning measurement and control of spatial irregular steel structures is particularly important.

[0005] This invention relates to a software-aided deviation analysis method for spatial irregular steel structures, and more particularly to a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement and control deviation analysis method for spatial chord-type steel structures. This method reduces the initial investment of a large amount of site and manpower, and the subsequent analysis determines the actual installation deviation based on the comparison of the measured / design model component diameters and the distance between the centers of the key point tangential surfaces, thus achieving error control of steel component installation and providing a reference for similar steel structure projects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems mentioned in the background section, this invention provides a method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning.

[0007] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: a method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Scan the on-site structural components using a 3D laser scanner to obtain point cloud data of the steel pipe chords and their key connection points, and establish a test model.

[0009] Step 2: By setting reference target points on site, fit and align the measured model and the design model and unify the coordinate system;

[0010] Step 3: By selecting a cross-section at a key part of the steel pipe structure, the coordinates of the center and the radius of the cross-section are calculated using a three-point fitting mathematical method;

[0011] Step 4: Calculate the diameter of the measured model and the design model at the selected cross-section, and calculate the deviation of their cross-section diameters, which is the installation deviation.

[0012] Step 5: By comparing installation deviations and thresholds, determine whether the solution needs adjustment;

[0013] If the installation deviation exceeds the threshold, the plan needs to be adjusted; otherwise, no adjustment is needed.

[0014] Furthermore, the steel pipe structure is a spatial chord steel structure.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 2, target points need to be set symmetrically at different positions, which will serve as the reference points for subsequent fitting and comparison.

[0016] Furthermore, the cut surface is a cut surface perpendicular to the axis of the chord.

[0017] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the diameter deviation is: |2R0-2R|, where: R is the radius of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the measured model chord, and R0 is the radius of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the designed model chord.

[0018] Furthermore, the method for calculating the radius R of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the chord in the measured model is as follows:

[0019] Construct chord sections aligned with the design model;

[0020] In this cross-section, select three spatial points from the measured point cloud that are located as close as possible to the circumference; denoted as: point 1 (x1, y1, z1), point 2 (x2, y2, z2), and point 3 (x3, y3, z3).

[0021] The center point O(x0, y0, z0) is obtained by determining the coordinates of the circle using three points; the radius R of the tangent plane is obtained through mathematical derivation and calculation, as shown in the following formula:

[0022]

[0023] Furthermore, the radius R0 of the tangential circle at the corresponding position of the chord in the design model is obtained using the design standard specifications or by calculating using the method described above.

[0024] Furthermore, the threshold can be approximately referenced to Article 8.5.7 of GB_50205-2020 "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures" regarding the allowable deviation in the fabrication of components, and its threshold is ±d / 250, ±5.0mm.

[0025] This invention proposes a computer device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-mentioned method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning.

[0026] This invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] First, this invention effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of steel pipe structure installation deviation analysis by introducing three-dimensional laser scanning technology, combined with spatial point cloud data modeling and a three-point fitting algorithm, enabling precise identification of installation errors in key parts of the chord members. Second, the proposed method can be widely applied to complex, irregularly shaped steel structures where traditional measurement methods are difficult to adapt, solving the problem of model fitting difficulties caused by incomplete scanning and complex point cloud data in practical engineering, demonstrating good adaptability and practicality.

[0029] Furthermore, this invention, relying on digital scanning methods and computer-aided analysis, significantly reduces manual intervention and manpower input during on-site measurement, lowers construction costs, and improves operational efficiency. Simultaneously, by quantitatively comparing the geometric deviations between the measured model and the design model, and by setting judgment thresholds in accordance with national standards, precise control of construction quality is achieved, providing a scientific basis for construction decisions and helping to ensure the safety and quality of steel structure projects.

[0030] Furthermore, the analysis method provided by this invention can be automatically implemented by a computer program, has good modular integration capabilities, is suitable for the needs of construction informatization and intelligent development, and has high promotion value and application prospects.

[0031] This invention solves the industry problem of analyzing installation deviations in spatially irregular steel structures by combining three-dimensional laser scanning technology with innovative geometric algorithms. It achieves breakthroughs in four dimensions: accuracy, efficiency, cost, and standardization, and provides a quantifiable and reusable technical paradigm for quality control of complex steel structure projects. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the analysis method proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 2 Point cloud data for one of the key nodes in the spatial irregular steel tube structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This refers to the point cloud data of the chord members in the spatial irregular steel tube structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 Point cloud diagram of key locations of the chord members in this invention (black represents the measured model, gray represents the design model).

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the key structural features and circumferential points in the spatial irregular steel pipe structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] Reference Figures 1-5 This embodiment proposes a method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning, which includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Scan the on-site structural components using a 3D laser scanner to obtain point cloud data of the steel pipe chords and their key connection points, and establish a test model.

[0041] Step 2: By setting reference target points on-site, the measured model and the design model are fitted, aligned, and their coordinate systems are unified. Commonly used software includes Geomagic series, Hi-Target, and BIM series software. Specifically, the target points are determined based on the component's external dimensions, key endpoints, division points, inflection points, and other feature points. The measured model is then compared and matched with the design model based on these feature points.

[0042] Step 3: By selecting a cross-section at a key part of the steel pipe structure, the coordinates of the center and the radius of the cross-section are calculated using a three-point fitting mathematical method;

[0043] Step 4: Calculate the diameter of the measured model and the design model at the selected cross-section, and calculate the deviation of their cross-section diameters, which is the installation deviation.

[0044] Step 5: By comparing installation deviations and thresholds, determine whether the solution needs adjustment;

[0045] If the installation deviation exceeds the threshold, the plan needs to be adjusted; otherwise, no adjustment is needed.

[0046] In detail, the steel pipe structure is a spatial chord steel structure.

[0047] Furthermore, the cut surface is a cut surface perpendicular to the axis of the chord.

[0048] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the diameter deviation is: |2R0-2R|, where: R is the radius of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the measured model chord, and R0 is the radius of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the designed model chord.

[0049] In this scheme, the radius R of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the measured model chord is calculated as follows:

[0050] Construct chord sections aligned with the design model;

[0051] In this cross-section, select three spatial points from the measured point cloud that are located as close as possible to the circumference; denoted as: point 1 (x1, y1, z1), point 2 (x2, y2, z2), and point 3 (x3, y3, z3). The cross-section and points 1, 2, and 3 are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the center of the circle is obtained using the mathematical method of determining the center from three points.

[0052] Equation of a plane determined by three points in space

[0053]

[0054] in:

[0055] A1=y1·z2-y1·z3-z1·y2+z1·y3+y2·z3-y3·z2

[0056] B1=-x1·z3+x1·z3+z1·x2-z1·z3-x2·z3+z3·z2

[0057] C1=x1·y2-x1·y3-y1·x2+y1·x3+x2·y3-x3·y2

[0058] D1=-x1·y2·z3+x1·y3·z2+x2·y1·z3-x3·y1·z2-x2·y3·z1+x3·y2·z1

[0059] By constraining the three points to be equidistant from the coordinates of the center of the circle, we obtain a system of linear algebraic equations about the coordinates of the center:

[0060]

[0061] The coordinates of the center of the circle are:

[0062]

[0063] This method determines the center coordinates of the circle by three points, obtaining the center point O(x0, y0, z0); then, through mathematical derivation and calculation, the radius R of the tangent plane is obtained.

[0064] Furthermore, the radius R0 of the tangential circle at the corresponding position of the chord in the design model is obtained using the design specifications or by the method described above.

[0065] In detail, the threshold refers to Appendix C0.7 of GB_50205-2020 "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures", which specifies the allowable deviation of the threshold as ±d / 500, ±5.0mm.

[0066] In this scheme, if the criteria are met, the coordinates of the three points on the cross-section can be used to accurately solve the installation deviation. Finally, the deviation of the chord point cloud between the measured model and the design model is the distance between the center coordinates of the chord after the two models are fitted and aligned, which is the installation deviation.

[0067] This invention determines the magnitude, nature, and cause of deviations by comparing the installation components with the design model during the construction process, and adjusts the construction plan in a timely manner, effectively reducing installation errors in the construction project.

[0068] This invention proposes a computer device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-mentioned method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning.

[0069] This invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and modules described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or modules may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0072] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0073] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0074] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0075] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0076] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Scan the on-site structural components using a 3D laser scanner to obtain point cloud data of the steel pipe chords and their key connection points, and establish a test model. Step 2: By setting reference target points on site, fit and align the measured model and the design model and unify the coordinate system; Step 3: By selecting a cross-section at a key part of the steel pipe structure, the coordinates of the center and the radius of the cross-section are calculated using a three-point fitting mathematical method; Step 4: Calculate the diameter of the measured model and the design model at the selected cross-section, and calculate the deviation of their cross-section diameters, which is the installation deviation. Step 5: By comparing installation deviations and thresholds, determine whether the solution needs adjustment; If the installation deviation exceeds the threshold, the plan needs to be adjusted; otherwise, no adjustment is needed.

2. The method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steel pipe structure is a spatial chord steel structure.

3. The method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, target points need to be set at different locations, which will serve as the reference points for subsequent fitting and comparison.

4. The method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cut surface is perpendicular to the axis of the chord.

5. The method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the diameter deviation is: |2R0-2R|, where: R is the radius of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the measured model chord, and R0 is the radius of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the designed model chord.

6. The method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for calculating the radius R of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the chord in the measured model is as follows: Construct chord sections aligned with the design model; In this cross-section, select three spatial points from the measured point cloud that are located as close as possible to the circumference; denoted as: point 1 (x1, y1, z1), point 2 (x2, y2, z2), and point 3 (x3, y3, z3). The center point O(x0, y0, z0) is obtained by determining the coordinates of the circle using three points; the radius R of the tangent plane is obtained through mathematical derivation and calculation, as shown in the following formula:

7. The method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radius R0 of the tangent circle at the corresponding position of the chord in the design model is obtained by adopting the design standard specifications or by calculating using the above method.

8. The method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The threshold can be approximately referenced to Article 8.5.7 of GB_50205-2020 "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures" regarding the allowable deviation in the fabrication of components, and its threshold is ±d / 250, ±5.0mm.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for analyzing installation deviations of spatial irregular steel pipe structures based on three-dimensional laser scanning as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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