Method for dynamically measuring and calculating carbon emission of building envelope

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building carbon emission measurement and calculation, and provides a building envelope structure carbon emission dynamic measurement and calculation method which comprises the following steps: step 1, area delimitation: dividing building areas, and combining the same kind of building areas; step 2, individual enclosure structure collection: the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for aerial photography to collect all-angle camera pictures of the individual building enclosure structure in the building area; by considering different time variation and space planning of the building, the heat transfer process of the building envelope and the indoor temperature change are dynamically simulated, the carbon emission measurement and calculation result is updated in real time, and the dynamic change of the carbon emission of the building is reflected in time; the heat transfer and heating capacity of the building envelope structure can be accurately measured and calculated under the influence of solar radiation intensity and outdoor temperature change in different time periods of a building in one day and different orientations, different floors and surrounding environments of the building on heat transfer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building carbon emission measurement technology, specifically a method for dynamic measurement of carbon emissions from building envelopes. Background Technology

[0002] Building envelope refers to the enclosure of a building and its rooms, and is divided into two types: transparent and opaque. Opaque envelopes include walls, roofs, floors, and ceilings; transparent envelopes include windows, skylights, balcony doors, and glass partitions. Based on whether they are in direct contact with outdoor air, they can also be divided into external envelopes and internal envelopes. Unless otherwise specified, the term "enclosure" usually refers to the external envelope, including exterior walls, roofs, windows, balcony doors, exterior doors, and partition walls and entrance doors in unheated stairwells.

[0003] With the increasing prominence of global warming and environmental issues, the accurate measurement and effective control of building carbon emissions has become an important issue in the construction field. As the structure that directly contacts the outside world, the building envelope directly affects the indoor temperature of the building. Through the influence of heat conduction and direct sunlight, the indoor temperature of the building will change, such as the temperature rising in summer and the insulation capacity changing in winter. This determines whether to turn on appliances such as air conditioners to regulate the indoor temperature, and the use of appliances will affect the carbon emissions of a building.

[0004] Traditional methods for measuring building carbon emissions have many limitations. They are mostly based on fixed parameters and static models, neglecting the dynamic characteristics of the building envelope and its complex impact on indoor temperature and electrical appliance use. This results in low accuracy and an inability to reflect actual dynamic changes in carbon emissions, leading to significant discrepancies between the calculated carbon emissions and the actual situation. This seriously affects the formulation and implementation of building energy conservation and carbon reduction measures. Therefore, a dynamic method for measuring carbon emissions from building envelopes is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes. This method solves the problem that traditional building carbon emission calculation methods are mostly based on fixed parameters and static models, neglecting the dynamic characteristics of the building envelope and its complex impact on indoor temperature and electrical appliance use.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes includes the following steps: Step 1: Area delineation. This involves dividing building areas and merging similar building areas. Step 2: Individual building envelope data collection. Use drones to collect aerial images of individual building envelopes from various angles within the building area. Step 3: Individual building 3D parameter reconstruction. The building is identified from various angle camera images of the individual building envelope, and various parameters of the building are extracted to establish a scale model. Step 4: Separate the building images from the camera images and merge them onto a scaled model to form a simulation data acquisition model; Step 5: Calculate the heat transfer of the building envelope, and calculate the amount of heat received and transferred by the building envelope in one day; Step 6: Based on the collected data on the heat received and heat transfer of the individual building envelope, and taking into account time variation parameters and spatial variation parameters, correct the indoor temperature variation value of the individual building. Step 7: Based on the calculated indoor temperature variation values, construct an indoor temperature change curve. Determine whether various indoor temperature-changing appliances that can generate carbon emissions should be turned on based on the temperature change curve. Step 8: Collect the average daily carbon emissions from previous years as a benchmark, and use the average electricity consumption of individual buildings in the building area as a reference. Calculate the carbon emissions of the variable temperature appliance based on the results of the temperature change curve at this time.

[0007] Preferably, in step two, the number of camera images of each angle of the individual building envelope is at least three.

[0008] Preferably, the specific steps for establishing the proportional model in step three include: S1. Preprocess the captured images from various angles, including image enhancement and noise removal, to improve image quality; S2. Use image recognition algorithms to extract architectural feature points from the processed image to determine the building's outline and key structural points; S3. Based on the extracted feature points, calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the building and determine the basic dimensional parameters of the building, such as length, width, and height. S4. Based on the calculated dimensional parameters, construct a scaled 3D model of the building using modeling software.

[0009] Preferably, the specific steps for constructing the simulation data acquisition model in step four are as follows: S1. Anchor the building image in the camera image at several points until the several anchor points form a closed loop, with the same spacing between each anchor point; S2. Using the anchor points on the building image in S1 as a reference, mark the anchor points on the scaled model as anchor point two. S3. Compare the positions of anchor point one and anchor point two, make corrections, and deform the architectural image to conform to the correct three-point perspective; S4. Merge architectural images with scaled models.

[0010] Preferably, the specific calculation steps for the amount of heat received and the amount of heat transferred in step five are as follows: S1. Mark the heat-prone areas in the simulation data acquisition model. Heat-prone areas include building envelope structures such as windows and balconies that are prone to affecting indoor temperature. Mark the heat-prone areas as heat-affected areas. S2. Mark the exterior walls, roofs, and other areas of the building that are exposed to direct sunlight, label them as heat-conducting surfaces, collect data on the building's infrastructure materials, and calculate the heat transfer efficiency based on the type of building infrastructure materials; S3. Simulate sunlight shining on the building, establish a time window, record the contact time between the hot spot and the sunlight in each time period, and record the area of ​​the heat-conducting surface exposed to sunlight in each time period. S4. Calculate the total duration of sunlight exposure to the hot spots, calculate the amount of heat received, and calculate the total area of ​​the heat-conducting surface exposed to sunlight to calculate the amount of heat transfer.

[0011] Preferably, the time variation parameter in step six is ​​a factor that varies with time, such as the solar radiation intensity at different times of the day, changes in outdoor temperature, and the activity patterns of people inside the building.

[0012] Preferably, the spatial variation parameters in step six are factors that vary with space, such as the building's different orientations, different floors, and the influence of the surrounding environment on the building's heating and heat dissipation.

[0013] Preferably, in step seven, the indoor temperature change curve is compared with the operating temperature threshold of various indoor temperature-changing appliances. When the indoor temperature exceeds or falls below the corresponding threshold, it is determined that the appliance may be turned on.

[0014] Preferably, in step eight, the carbon emissions of the individual building envelope of the building area are calculated based on the determined status of the variable temperature appliances, the power and usage time of each appliance, and the carbon emission factor of the local electricity.

[0015] Preferably, the variable temperature appliances in step seven include household appliances that affect indoor temperature, such as air conditioners and heaters.

[0016] This invention provides a method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes. It offers the following advantages: 1. This invention dynamically simulates the heat transfer process of the building envelope and indoor temperature changes by considering time variations and different spatial planning of buildings, and updates the carbon emission calculation results in real time. It reflects the dynamic changes in building carbon emissions in a timely manner, so that the heat transfer and heat received by the building envelope can be accurately calculated under the influence of solar radiation intensity, outdoor temperature changes, different building orientations, different floors and the surrounding environment at different times of the day. In order to adaptively obtain the carbon emissions generated by the use of indoor temperature-changing electrical appliances under dynamic conditions, it reflects the dynamic changes in building carbon emissions in a timely manner.

[0017] 2. This invention uses drones to collect images of the building envelope from multiple angles, and employs image recognition and 3D modeling technology to accurately restore the building's three-dimensional parameters, constructing a simulation data acquisition model. Combined with calculations of heat received and heat transfer, it comprehensively considers the impact of time and space variations on indoor temperature, determining the usage of electrical appliances inside the building, making the calculation results closer to reality, and providing reliable data support for building energy conservation and carbon reduction. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example: Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Area delineation. This involves dividing building areas and merging similar building areas. Step 2: Individual building envelope data collection. Use drones to collect aerial photographs of individual building envelopes from various angles within the building area. At least three photographs of each individual building envelope from each angle are required. Step 3: Individual Building 3D Parameter Reconstruction. This involves identifying the building from various angles of the building envelope using camera images, extracting its parameters, and creating a scaled model. The specific steps for creating the scaled model include: S1. Preprocess the captured images from various angles, including image enhancement and noise removal, to improve image quality; S2. Use image recognition algorithms to extract architectural feature points from the processed image to determine the building's outline and key structural points; S3. Based on the extracted feature points, calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the building and determine the basic dimensional parameters of the building, such as length, width, and height. S4. Based on the calculated dimensional parameters, construct a scaled 3D model of the building using modeling software; Step 4: Separate the building images from the camera images and merge them onto a scaled model to form a simulation data acquisition model. The specific steps for constructing the simulation data acquisition model are as follows: S1. Anchor the building image in the camera image at several points until the several anchor points form a closed loop, with the same spacing between each anchor point; S2. Using the anchor points on the building image in S1 as a reference, mark the anchor points on the scaled model as anchor point two. S3. Compare the positions of anchor point one and anchor point two, make corrections, and deform the architectural image to conform to the correct three-point perspective; S4. Merge architectural images with scaled models; Step 5: Calculate the heat transfer of the building envelope. Calculate the amount of heat received and transferred by the building envelope within one day. The specific calculation steps for the amount of heat received and transferred are as follows: S1. Mark the heat-prone areas in the simulation data acquisition model. Heat-prone areas include building envelope structures such as windows and balconies that are prone to affecting indoor temperature. Mark the heat-prone areas as heat-affected areas. S2. Mark the exterior walls, roofs, and other areas of the building that are exposed to direct sunlight, label them as heat-conducting surfaces, collect data on the building's infrastructure materials, and calculate the heat transfer efficiency based on the type of building infrastructure materials; S3. Simulate sunlight shining on the building, establish a time window, record the contact time between the hot spot and the sunlight in each time period, and record the area of ​​the heat-conducting surface exposed to sunlight in each time period. S4. Calculate the total duration of sunlight exposure to the hot spots, calculate the amount of heat received, and calculate the total area of ​​the heat-conducting surface exposed to sunlight to calculate the amount of heat transfer. Step Six: Based on the collected data on the heat received and heat transfer of the individual building envelope, take into account time variation parameters and spatial variation parameters to correct the indoor temperature variation value of the individual building. The time variation parameters are factors that change over time, such as solar radiation intensity at different times of the day, outdoor temperature changes, and the activity patterns of people inside the building. The spatial variation parameters are factors that change over space, such as the building's different orientations, different floors, and the influence of the surrounding environment on the building's heat reception and dissipation. Step 7: Based on the calculated indoor temperature variation value, construct an indoor temperature change curve. Based on the temperature change curve, determine whether various indoor temperature-changing appliances that can generate carbon emissions are turned on. Based on the indoor temperature change curve, compare it with the turning temperature threshold of various indoor temperature-changing appliances. When the indoor temperature exceeds or falls below the corresponding threshold, it is determined that the appliance may be turned on. Step 8: Collect the average daily carbon emissions from previous years as a benchmark, and use the average electricity consumption of individual buildings in the building area as a reference. Calculate the carbon emissions of variable-temperature appliances based on the temperature change curve at this time. Combine the determined activation status of variable-temperature appliances with the power, usage time, and local electricity carbon emission factor of each appliance to calculate the carbon emissions of the building envelope of individual buildings in the building area. Variable-temperature appliances include household appliances that affect indoor temperature, such as air conditioners and heaters.

[0021] By considering the time variations and different spatial planning of buildings, the system dynamically simulates the heat transfer process of the building envelope and indoor temperature changes, updates the carbon emission calculation results in real time, and reflects the dynamic changes in building carbon emissions in a timely manner. It accurately calculates the heat transfer and heat received by the building envelope under the influence of solar radiation intensity, outdoor temperature changes, different building orientations, different floors, and the surrounding environment at different times of the day, so as to adaptively obtain the carbon emissions generated by the operation of indoor temperature-changing electrical appliances under dynamic conditions and reflect the dynamic changes in building carbon emissions in a timely manner.

[0022] Furthermore, by acquiring multi-angle images of the building envelope using drones, image recognition and 3D modeling technologies are employed to accurately reconstruct the building's three-dimensional parameters, constructing a simulation data acquisition model. Combined with calculations of heat input and heat transfer, the model comprehensively considers the impact of temporal and spatial variations on indoor temperature. Based on changes in indoor temperature, the model accurately determines the operation of temperature-controlled appliances. Moreover, by utilizing the power of each appliance, its usage duration, and local electricity carbon emission factors, carbon emissions are precisely calculated, making the calculation results more realistic and providing reliable data support for building energy conservation and carbon reduction. Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Area delineation. This involves dividing building areas and merging similar building areas. Step 2: Individual building envelope data collection. Use drones to collect aerial images of individual building envelopes from various angles within the building area. Step 3: Individual building 3D parameter reconstruction. The building is identified from various angle camera images of the individual building envelope, and various parameters of the building are extracted to establish a scale model. Step 4: Separate the building images from the camera images and merge them onto a scaled model to form a simulation data acquisition model; Step 5: Calculate the heat transfer of the building envelope, and calculate the amount of heat received and transferred by the building envelope in one day; Step 6: Based on the collected data on the heat received and heat transfer of the individual building envelope, and taking into account time variation parameters and spatial variation parameters, correct the indoor temperature variation value of the individual building. Step 7: Based on the calculated indoor temperature variation values, construct an indoor temperature change curve. Determine whether various indoor temperature-changing appliances that can generate carbon emissions should be turned on based on the temperature change curve. Step 8: Collect the average daily carbon emissions from previous years as a benchmark, and use the average electricity consumption of individual buildings in the building area as a reference. Calculate the carbon emissions of the variable temperature appliance based on the results of the temperature change curve at this time.

2. The method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the number of camera images of the individual building envelope from each angle is at least three.

3. The method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for establishing the proportional model in step three include: S1. Preprocess the captured images from various angles, including image enhancement and noise removal, to improve image quality; S2. Use image recognition algorithms to extract architectural feature points from the processed image to determine the building's outline and key structural points; S3. Based on the extracted feature points, calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the building and determine the basic dimensional parameters of the building, such as length, width, and height. S4. Based on the calculated dimensional parameters, construct a scaled 3D model of the building using modeling software.

4. The method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for constructing the simulation data acquisition model in step four are as follows: S1. Anchor the building image in the camera image at several points until the several anchor points form a closed loop, with the same spacing between each anchor point; S2. Using the anchor points on the building image in S1 as a reference, mark the anchor points on the scaled model as anchor point two. S3. Compare the positions of anchor point one and anchor point two, make corrections, and deform the architectural image to conform to the correct three-point perspective; S4. Merge architectural images with scaled models.

5. The method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific calculation steps for the amount of heat received and the amount of heat transferred in step five are as follows: S1. Mark the heat-prone areas in the simulation data acquisition model. Heat-prone areas include building envelope structures such as windows and balconies that are prone to affecting indoor temperature. Mark the heat-prone areas as heat-affected areas. S2. Mark the exterior walls, roofs, and other areas of the building that are exposed to direct sunlight, label them as heat-conducting surfaces, collect data on the building's infrastructure materials, and calculate the heat transfer efficiency based on the type of building infrastructure materials; S3. Simulate sunlight shining on the building, establish a time window, record the contact time between the hot spot and the sunlight in each time period, and record the area of ​​the heat-conducting surface exposed to sunlight in each time period. S4. Calculate the total duration of sunlight exposure to the hot spots, calculate the amount of heat received, and calculate the total area of ​​the heat-conducting surface exposed to sunlight to calculate the amount of heat transfer.

6. The method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time-varying parameters in step six are factors that change over time, such as solar radiation intensity, outdoor temperature changes, and the activity patterns of people inside the building at different times of the day.

7. The method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial variation parameters in step six are factors that vary with space, such as the building's different orientations, different floors, and the influence of the surrounding environment on the building's heating and heat dissipation.

8. The method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step seven, the indoor temperature change curve is compared with the operating temperature threshold of various indoor temperature-changing appliances. When the indoor temperature exceeds or falls below the corresponding threshold, it is determined that the appliance may be turned on.

9. The method for dynamically calculating carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step eight, based on the determined status of the variable-temperature appliances being turned on, and according to the power, usage time, and local electricity carbon emission factor of each appliance, the carbon emission of the individual building envelope in the building area is calculated.

10. The method for dynamic calculation of carbon emissions from building envelopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable temperature appliances mentioned in step seven include household appliances that affect indoor temperature, such as air conditioners and heaters.

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