Brake for braking shaft and brake motor having brake

Abstract

The invention relates to a brake for braking a shaft and to a brake motor comprising a brake having a magnet and an energizable winding, the magnet having an inner pole and an outer pole, the outer pole being hollow-cylindrical, and the winding being wound around the inner pole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a brake for braking a shaft and a brake motor having the brake. Background Technology

[0002] As is well known, ferromagnetic magnets can be used as the coil core of an electromagnet, and the windings of an electromagnet can be wound onto a plastic coil frame.

[0003] A magnetic brake is known from the document US 2015 / 0 027 828 A1.

[0004] An electromagnetic brake is known from document DE 102006 062 302 A1.

[0005] An electromagnet is known from the document DE 10 2012 013 350 A1.

[0006] An electromagnetic braking device is known from document DE 90 11 582 U1.

[0007] An assembled coil core assembly is known from the document US 2011 / 0 121 935 A1.

[0008] An adjustable brake is known from the document US 5 685 398 A. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to construct an electromagnetically operable brake in a simple and cost-effective manner.

[0010] According to the invention, this objective is achieved by a brake according to the features given in claim 1 and a brake motor according to the features given in claim 15.

[0011] An important feature of the brake of the present invention for braking shafts—especially for braking motors—includes that the brake has a magnet and an energized winding.

[0012] The magnet has an inner pole and an outer pole.

[0013] Among them, the outer pole is a hollow columnar geological structure.

[0014] In this process, the windings—especially the direct windings—are wound around the inner poles.

[0015] In particular, the winding axis of the winding is oriented coaxially with the axis of rotation of the hollow cylindrical outer pole and / or with the axis of rotation of the shaft.

[0016] The advantage here is that the coil frame does not need to be made of plastic because the inner pole itself provides the necessary winding space, so the winding is directly wound onto the inner pole. The inner pole has two flanges for axially defining the winding space, while in the radial direction, the winding space is defined radially inward by the inner pole and radially outward by the outer pole. The outer pole is fitted onto the inner pole in the axial direction and is axially limited by a second flange of the inner pole, wherein a shoulder is formed at the second flange, which centers the outer pole relative to the inner pole, in particular aligning the cylindrical axis of the outer pole with the winding axis and / or the axial direction of the winding, i.e., the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft.

[0017] Although a radial gap is permissible between the outer pole and the first flange, this gap is insufficient to form an air gap that effectively prevents magnetic field penetration. Therefore, the second flange is implemented in a radially outward tapering manner, whereby this tapering region saturates at low winding currents and essentially functions as an air gap at rated currents. In this way, significant magnetic field penetration is prevented, especially preventing magnetic short circuits between the outer and inner poles.

[0018] In a favorable design, the inner pole is hollow, specifically in which the shaft passes through the inner pole axially. An advantage here is that, on the side of the brake facing away from the motor stator, the fan can be connected to the shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation, thus further improving brake cooling. Alternatively, however, an angle sensor for detecting the rotational position of the shaft can also be arranged on the side of the inner pole facing away from the motor stator.

[0019] In a favorable design, the inner electrode has an electrically insulating layer, particularly in the region axially arranged between the first and second flanges.

[0020] In particular, the electrical insulation layer is either a varnish layer or a plastic encapsulation. The advantage here is higher insulation strength. Therefore, the self-insulated winding wires of the winding, especially the self-adhesive wires, are separated from the metal inner pole by another layer. This improves insulation strength. This layer specifically defines the winding, i.e., the insulation layer is arranged at least on the outer surface of the inner pole in the surface area arranged axially between the two flanges, on the side of the first flange facing the second flange, and on the side of the second flange facing the first flange. This layer can be easily and quickly made into a varnish layer. However, alternatively, a more expensive encapsulation can be made using plastic.

[0021] In advantageous designs, through holes and non-through holes, especially blind holes, are formed along the axial direction in the outer pole. The advantage here is that the spring element can be received into the blind hole, thus providing guidance for linear motion.

[0022] In a favorable design, the inner pole, apart from the hole and at least one notch, especially a radial slit, is primarily a body of revolution / rotationally symmetric body, the axis of symmetry of which is coaxially oriented with the axis of the hollow cylindrical inner pole.

[0023] In particular, the radial range covered by the notch overlaps with the radial range covered by the winding. The advantage here is that simple machining can be performed, and the electrical connection lines of the winding can pass through this radial gap.

[0024] In a favorable design, the inner electrode has: a first flange projecting radially onto the inner electrode; and a second flange spaced axially from the first flange, also projecting radially onto the inner electrode.

[0025] In particular, the inner electrode is integrally formed with the first and second flanges, especially as a single piece. The advantage here is that the winding space is defined axially by the two flanges, and potentially hazardous wiring is kept within the winding space. Furthermore, the inner and outer electrodes can be manufactured simply and cost-effectively, especially as machined parts.

[0026] In an advantageous design, the outer diameter of the second flange is larger than that of the first flange. This allows the hollow, cylindrical outer pole to be fitted onto the first flange during manufacturing, thereby abutting against the second flange, which thus serves as both a mating surface and an axial retainer. Furthermore, a threaded element passes through the second flange and the outer pole, allowing the outer pole to be connected to the second flange via the threaded element and a nut screwed onto it. The outer pole surrounds the first flange in a manner that forms a housing. Since the radially outer end region of the first flange is radially tapered outwards and therefore easily broken, this end region is arranged to be protected by the outer pole.

[0027] In a favorable design, the outer pole radially surrounds the first flange.

[0028] In particular, the radial region covered by the first flange is arranged radially inside the radial region covered by the outer pole.

[0029] The area covered by the outer pole along the axial direction includes the area covered by the first flange along the axial direction, or overlaps with the area covered by the first flange along the axial direction. The advantage here is that the outer pole protectively surrounds the first flange, along with the winding space, in a manner that forms a shell.

[0030] In a favorable design, the area covered by the outer pole along the axial direction is adjacent to, and in particular directly adjacent to, the area covered by the second flange along the axial direction.

[0031] Therefore, the outer electrode is particularly abutted against the second flange. An advantage here is that the outer electrode is spatially oriented relative to a flat surface section of the second flange, which in particular has a unique axial position.

[0032] In a favorable design, the inner electrode is made of a first material, and the outer electrode is made of a second material.

[0033] The first material has a lower saturation magnetic flux density than the second material. An advantage here is that two different materials can be used, thus allowing for optimization of material selection based on magnetic flux density and load force. Specifically, the force that loads the inner pole is transmitted to the inner pole via a spring, while the outer pole only conducts magnetic flux density and is not affected by such load forces.

[0034] In a favorable design, the primary material is gray cast iron and / or GGG cast iron and / or ferritic ductile iron, and the secondary material is steel. The advantage here is that simple and cost-effective manufacturing is achievable. In particular, the outer pole can be made into a simple machined part, and the inner pole can be made into a casting.

[0035] In an advantageous design, the wall thickness of the first flange, measured axially, decreases monotonically with increasing radial distance, particularly in the radially outer end region of the first flange, where it decreases strictly monotonically. This has the advantage that this end region saturates even at low magnetic flux levels, thus serving as an air gap for fluxes exceeding this low flux range. This prevents or at least minimizes magnetic short circuits between the first flange and the outer pole.

[0036] In an advantageous design, the first flange has a tapered surface section in the radially outer end region. The advantage here is that it enables simple manufacturing, particularly by allocating a flat surface section of the first flange with only a single axial position to the tapered surface section.

[0037] In a favorable design, a spring is received in a non-through hole on the outer pole, and this spring presses against the armature disc of the brake. The advantage here is that the spring can be easily guided and received.

[0038] In a favorable design, a through hole is formed axially in the second flange for a threaded element to pass through, the threaded element passing through the axial through hole of the outer pole.

[0039] In particular, it passes through the gap in the armature plate. This is advantageous.

[0040] In an advantageous design, the armature disk is connected to the magnet, particularly to the inner and / or outer poles, in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and is arranged to move axially. The advantage here is that friction can be introduced into the armature disk and then transmitted to the stationary components of the brake.

[0041] In a favorable design, the disc-shaped brake block carrier is connected to the shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and is arranged to move along the axial direction.

[0042] In particular, the annular drive component is fitted onto the shaft and connected to the shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation, especially through keying or press-fitting.

[0043] The driving component has an external toothed portion, and the internal toothed portion of the brake block carrier is fitted onto the external toothed portion. In particular, the brake block carrier and the driving component are connected in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and are arranged to be movable in the axial direction.

[0044] The armature disk is arranged axially between the magnet and the brake block carrier, and the brake block carrier is arranged axially between the components of the armature disk that have a braking surface.

[0045] In particular, the brake block carrier has brake blocks on both sides along the axial direction. This has the advantage of enabling cost-effective manufacturing of the brake. Furthermore, when the winding is not energized, the armature disc is pressed against the brake block carrier by a spring, causing the brake block carrier to press against the brake surface on its side away from the armature disc, thus automatically engaging the brake.

[0046] Optionally, the brake block carrier can also be implemented integrally with the brake block, i.e., as a single piece.

[0047] In this paper, the external toothed portion always includes an external polygonal structure, especially a hexagonal structure; in this paper, the internal toothed portion always includes an internal polygonal structure.

[0048] A key characteristic of brake motors is that they consist of a motor and a brake, with the shaft being the motor's rotor shaft.

[0049] In particular, the component is designed as a bearing cover or friction plate.

[0050] In particular, the component is connected to the magnet in a manner that prevents relative rotation.

[0051] The advantage here is that the brake motor can be manufactured simply and cost-effectively, for which the windings can be directly wound onto the inner poles, thus enabling the brake and therefore the brake motor to be implemented with the smallest possible structural volume and / or compactness. The outer poles, which can be made of steel, can be manufactured simply and cost-effectively by turning.

[0052] Further advantages are provided by the dependent claims. The invention is not limited to the combination of features of the claims. For those skilled in the art, particularly for purposes proposed and / or proposed by comparison with the prior art, other reasonable combinations of features of the claims and / or individual claims and / or description features and / or drawings are possible. Attached Figure Description

[0053] The invention will now be further illustrated with the aid of the illustrative accompanying drawings:

[0054] exist Figure 1 The magnet of the brake according to the invention is shown in a perspective view.

[0055] exist Figure 2 The image shows a longitudinal sectional view of the brake's magnet.

[0056] exist Figure 3 The diagram shows an exploded view of the magnet in the brake.

[0057] exist Figure 4 The image shows a cross-sectional view of the brake. Detailed Implementation

[0058] As shown in the figure, the magnet has an annular outer pole 2, which is pushed onto the inner pole 1 of the magnet.

[0059] Therefore, the magnet is implemented in two parts and different materials can be used.

[0060] In particular, the following material is used as the material of the outer pole 2, and the saturation magnetic flux density of the material is higher than that of the material of the inner pole 1.

[0061] Preferably, steel is used as the material for the outer electrode 2, and gray cast iron and / or GGG cast iron, especially ferritic ductile iron, is used as the material for the inner electrode 1. Therefore, machining can be easily performed.

[0062] The outer pole 2 is designed as a hollow column, wherein axial through holes and axial non-through holes, especially axial holes, are formed at intervals along the circumferential direction. A spring 3 is inserted into the axial non-through hole, i.e., blind hole, which is supported at the outer pole 2 and pressed against the armature disc 43 of the brake.

[0063] A bolt 4 passes through the axial through hole of the outer pole 2 and also through the notch of the armature disk 43, thereby allowing the armature disk 43 to be arranged axially movable and in a manner that prevents it from rotating relative to the outer pole 2. Alternatively or additionally, a guide pin may be provided, which passes through the notch of the armature disk 43 and is fixed to the outer pole 2.

[0064] An annular drive member 41 is fitted onto the shaft to be braked, particularly the rotor shaft. The drive member has external teeth and is connected to the shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation, particularly by means of a key connection.

[0065] The disc-shaped brake block carrier 42 has its inner teeth fitted onto its outer teeth, wherein the inner teeth mesh with the outer teeth. Therefore, the brake block carrier 42 and the drive member 41 are connected in a manner that prevents relative rotation, but they can move in the axial direction.

[0066] A braking surface 40 is constructed on the side of the brake block carrier 42 that is axially opposite to the armature disk 43, particularly on the friction plate received in the housing 44 or at the bearing cover of the motor, which receives the bearing of the motor rotor shaft.

[0067] The armature disc 43 is arranged axially between the brake block carrier 42 and the outer pole 2. The brake block carrier 42 is arranged axially between the armature disc 43 and the brake surface.

[0068] An energized winding 5, especially a coil winding, is wound on the inner pole 1. When the winding is energized, the armature disk 43 overcomes the elastic force generated by the spring 3 and is attracted toward the magnet, especially toward the outer pole 2, thereby allowing the brake block carrier to get away from the brake surface.

[0069] When the winding 5 is not energized, the spring 3 presses the armature disc 43 against the brake block carrier 42, thus pressing the brake block carrier against the brake surface located on the side opposite to the armature disc 43. Therefore, frictional locking occurs axially on both sides of the brake block carrier 42, particularly frictional locking with the brake surface on one side and frictional locking with the armature disc 43 on the other side.

[0070] Preferably, the winding 5 is directly wound onto the inner pole 1, thus eliminating the need for a plastic component in the middle, and especially eliminating the need for a coil frame.

[0071] The inner pole 1 has: a first flange 31 projecting radially, which defines the winding 5 in the axial direction; and a second flange 32 projecting radially, which defines the winding in the opposite direction to the axial direction. The second flange 32 preferably projects further than the first flange 31, such that the hollow cylindrical outer pole 2 abuts against the axial end face of the second flange 32, and the first flange 31 is arranged radially inside the outer pole 2.

[0072] The area covered by the outer pole 2 in the axial direction includes the area covered by the first flange 31 in the axial direction, and in particular, it also includes the area covered by the winding in the axial direction.

[0073] The first flange 31 has a flat axial end face, which serves as the pole face 33.

[0074] The first flange 31 is tapered at its radially outer end region, such that the axial wall thickness of the first flange 31 decreases monotonically with increasing radial distance, and in particular, decreases strictly monotonically.

[0075] Therefore, the first flange 31 has a bevel 6, particularly a tapered surface, in the radial end region. Due to this tapered shape, the tapered region can achieve magnetic saturation even when a small current flows through the winding, and thus mainly serves as an air gap between the outer pole 2 and the inner pole 1. Nevertheless, axially defining the winding 5 is still achieved.

[0076] Here, the radial direction and radial spacing are always referenced to the axis of rotation of the shaft. The axial direction is parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft, and the circumferential direction is referenced to the axis of rotation of the shaft. The winding axis of winding 5 is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the winding.

[0077] The area covered by the second flange 32 along the axial direction is adjacent to the area covered by the outer pole 2 along the axial direction.

[0078] The inner pole 1 and the outer pole 2 are made of ferromagnetic materials.

[0079] The bolt 4 passes through a notch arranged radially outside the first flange in the second flange and is aligned accordingly with a corresponding notch in the outer pole 2, and the bolt 4 also passes through the corresponding notch in the outer pole.

[0080] The notch 30 is formed as a radial slot in the second flange 32, allowing the connecting lines of the winding 5 to pass through. The radial range covered by the radial slot overlaps with the radial range covered by the winding 5 in the radial direction.

[0081] Except for the notch and notch 30 through which bolt 4 passes, the inner pole 1 is implemented as a rotating body.

[0082] In order to allow the shaft to be braked, especially the rotor shaft of a brake motor with a brake, to pass through the brake axially, the inner pole 1 is hollow. Therefore, the brake can be mounted on the motor of the brake motor, and an angle sensor for detecting the rotational position of the shaft and / or a fan can be arranged on the side of the brake axially away from the motor stator.

[0083] The pole face 30 is designed to be flush with the outer pole 2 along the axial direction, and in particular, the axial position of the pole face 30—especially in the axial direction—defines the area covered by the outer pole 2 along the axial direction.

[0084] In another embodiment of the invention, the pole face 30 protrudes axially, such that the area covered by the first flange 31 in the axial direction overlaps with the area covered by the outer pole 2 in the axial direction.

[0085] In another embodiment of the invention, the inner electrode 1 has an electrically insulating layer to improve insulation strength. The electrically insulating layer may be a varnish layer or a plastic encapsulation portion. Preferably, the contact surface facing the outer electrode 2 is configured to have no insulating layer.

[0086] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0087] 1. Inner pole

[0088] 2. External pole

[0089] 3. Spring components

[0090] 4 bolts

[0091] 5. Coil winding

[0092] 6. Inclined surfaces, especially conical surfaces

[0093] 30 gap

[0094] 31 First flange

[0095] 32 Second flange

[0096] 33 The polar surface of inner pole 1

[0097] 40 Braking surface

[0098] 41 Drive components

[0099] 42 Brake block carrier

[0100] 43 Armstock

[0101] 44. Housing components.

Claims

1. A brake, particularly for braking a motor and for braking a shaft, said brake having a magnet and an energized winding, characterized in that, Magnets have inner and outer poles. Hollow columnar geomorphic structure at the outer pole. The windings—especially the direct windings—are wound around the inner poles. In particular, the winding axis of the winding is oriented coaxially with the axis of the hollow cylindrical outer pole, and / or coaxially with the axis of rotation of the shaft.

2. The brake according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner pole is hollow, and in particular, the shaft passes through the inner pole axially. And / or, The inner electrode has an electrically insulating layer, particularly in the region axially arranged between the first flange and the second flange. In particular, the electrical insulation layer is a varnish layer or a plastic encapsulation.

3. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Through holes and non-through holes, especially blind holes, are formed in the outer electrode along the axial direction.

4. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The inner pole, apart from the hole and at least one notch, especially the radial slit, is a body of revolution. The axis of symmetry of this body of revolution is oriented coaxially with the axis of the hollow cylindrical inner pole. In particular, the radial range covered by the gap overlaps with the radial range covered by the winding.

5. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The inner electrode has: a first flange that projects radially onto the inner electrode; and a second flange that projects radially onto the inner electrode and is axially spaced from the first flange. In particular, the inner pole is integrally formed with the first flange and the second flange, especially as a single piece.

6. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the second flange is larger than that of the first flange.

7. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The outer pole radially surrounds the first flange. In particular, the radial region covered by the first flange is arranged radially inside the radial region covered by the outer pole. The area covered by the outer pole along the axial direction includes the area covered by the first flange along the axial direction, or overlaps with the area covered by the first flange along the axial direction.

8. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The region covered by the outer pole along the axial direction is adjacent to the region covered by the second flange along the axial direction—especially directly. In particular, the outer pole is attached to the second flange.

9. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The inner electrode is made of a first material, and the outer electrode is made of a second material. The first material has a lower saturation magnetic flux density than the second material. In particular, the first material is gray cast iron and / or GGG cast iron and / or ferritic ductile iron, while the second material is steel.

10. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The wall thickness of the first flange, measured along the axial direction, decreases monotonically with increasing radial distance, especially in the radially outer end region of the first flange, where it decreases strictly monotonically. And / or, The first flange has a tapered surface section in the radially outer end region.

11. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, A spring is received in the non-through hole of the outer pole, and the spring presses against the armature disc of the brake.

12. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, An axial through hole is formed on the second flange, through which a threaded component passes. The threaded component also passes through the axial through hole of the outer pole. And especially through the gap in the armature plate.

13. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The armature disk is connected to the magnet, especially to the inner pole and / or outer pole, in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and is arranged to move along the axial direction.

14. The brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The disc-shaped brake block carrier is connected to the shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and is arranged to move along the axial direction. In particular, the annular drive component is fitted onto the shaft and connected to the shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation, especially via a key connection. The driving component has an external toothed portion, and the internal toothed portion of the brake block carrier is fitted onto the external toothed portion, specifically such that the brake block carrier and the driving component are connected in a manner that prevents relative rotation, and are arranged to move in the axial direction. The armature disk is arranged axially between the magnet and the brake block carrier, and the brake block carrier is arranged axially between the components of the armature disk that have braking surfaces. In particular, the brake block carrier has brake blocks on both sides along the axial direction.

15. A brake motor comprising a motor and a brake according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The shaft is the rotor shaft of the motor. In particular, the component is designed as a bearing cover or friction plate. In particular, the component is connected to the magnet in a manner that prevents relative rotation.

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