Camellia oleifera shell mycelium composite material and application thereof
The method of preparing camellia fruit shell mycelium composite material by combining liquid deep fermentation and solid-state fermentation solves the problems of low mechanical properties and expensive matrix in the resource utilization of camellia fruit shell, and realizes efficient production and wide application in thermal insulation materials.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511044285.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for utilizing camellia fruit shells have limitations such as low mechanical properties and insufficient economic benefits. Furthermore, the high cost of existing mycelial composite matrix restricts their large-scale industrial application.
Using camellia fruit shells as a substrate, white-rot fungal seeds are prepared through liquid deep fermentation. Combined with solid-state fermentation technology, camellia fruit shell mycelial composite material is prepared, including first and second solid-state fermentation and drying and shaping steps. White-rot fungi such as sessile Ganoderma lucidum are selected to form a dense mycelial membrane.
It significantly improves the production efficiency of mycelial composite materials, overcomes the water-absorbing properties of camellia fruit shells, and possesses good compressive strength, heat insulation and flame retardant properties, expanding its application range and making it suitable for thermal insulation packaging and building materials.
Smart Images
Figure CN120966265A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste, specifically relating to a composite material of camellia fruit shell mycelium and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Camellia oleifera fruit shells are a byproduct of camellia oil processing. Each year, my country's camellia oleifera industry generates over 4 million tons of waste camellia oleifera fruit shells, which are typically either directly incinerated or dumped on-site, posing a serious threat to ecological and environmental safety. Camellia oleifera fruit shells have a rich mesoporous structure and a lignin content as high as 36%. Currently, the bottleneck restricting the resource utilization of camellia oleifera fruit shells is how to achieve industrial-scale utilization and realize economic benefits.
[0003] There are various existing methods for utilizing camellia fruit shells as resources, such as preparing artificial boards, organic fertilizers, activated carbon, and culture media. However, camellia fruit shells have short fibers and contain few nutrients, resulting in artificial boards with low mechanical properties and low fertilizer efficiency, which limits their application areas.
[0004] Compared to other common agricultural and forestry waste substrates, such as straw, sawdust, and rice husks, camellia fruit shells have a more porous texture, with a cellulose content of approximately 30%-40% and a lignin content as high as 31.35%-44.8%, and shorter fiber length. This presents inherent disadvantages in the preparation of composite materials.
[0005] Mycelial composites, using agricultural and forestry waste as a matrix and fungal mycelium as a natural binder, have attracted significant attention in the packaging and building materials industries as a green and renewable material type. These composites are produced using solid-state fermentation technology, where fungal mycelium absorbs nutrients from the waste substrate while physically binding loose substrate particles together. However, existing technologies for mycelial composites still have limitations. For example, some studies use relatively expensive wood fibers or specific agricultural byproducts as matrix materials, which to some extent limits the feasibility of large-scale industrial applications. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome at least one deficiency of the prior art and to provide a Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material and its application.
[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: The first aspect of the present invention provides: A composite material of Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: Prepare and sterilize a solid fermentation substrate made from camellia fruit shells. The solid fermentation substrate consists of the following components by mass: 90-100 parts camellia fruit shells, 3-8 parts organic nitrogen source, and appropriate amount of water. White rot fungus liquid seeds were inoculated into the solid fermentation substrate of camellia fruit shells, mixed well, and then filled into a mold for the first solid fermentation. After the mycelium covered the solid fermentation substrate, the mold was removed. After demolding, a second solid-state fermentation is carried out until a dense mycelial film forms on the surface, and then it is dried and shaped to obtain the Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelial composite material.
[0008] In some instances, the particle size of the camellia fruit shell is 1–12 mm.
[0009] In some instances, the white-rot fungus is selected from Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma sessileum). Ganoderma sessile ), Red Ganoderma ( Ganoderma lucidum Black Ganoderma () Ganoderma atrum ), Purple Ganoderma ( Ganoderma sinense ), oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ), Phoenix tail mushroom ( Pleurotus sajor caju ), *Amanita muscaria* ( Coriolus Versicolor ), Periospermum lacerum ( Emmia lacerata One of them.
[0010] In some instances, the organic nitrogen source is selected from at least one of wheat bran, soybean meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, fish meal, yeast powder, and peptone.
[0011] In some instances, the white-rot fungus liquid seed is prepared via liquid deep fermentation.
[0012] In some instances, the conditions for the first solid-state fermentation are: temperature 25–28°C, relative humidity 80–90%, ventilation, and protection from light.
[0013] In some instances, the conditions for the second solid-state fermentation are: temperature 28–30°C, relative humidity 85–95%, no ventilation, and protection from light.
[0014] In some instances, the initial culture period is 4 to 6 days.
[0015] In some instances, the secondary culture time is 2 to 3 days.
[0016] In some instances, the amount of water added to the solid fermentation substrate is 1 to 1.5 times the amount of solid matter.
[0017] In some instances, the drying and setting temperature is 65–80°C.
[0018] These features can be combined arbitrarily as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides: The application of the Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material described in the first aspect of the present invention in the preparation of thermal insulation materials.
[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material of some examples of the present invention, through the preparation method of combining liquid deep fermentation and solid-state fermentation, significantly improves the production efficiency of mycelium composite material.
[0021] The camellia fruit shell mycelium composite material of some examples of the present invention can make full use of camellia fruit shells and realize the resource utilization of camellia fruit shells.
[0022] The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material of some examples of the present invention has a hydrophobic surface, which unexpectedly overcomes the characteristic of Camellia oleifera fruit shell being easy to absorb water, thus expanding its application range.
[0023] The camellia fruit shell mycelium composite material of some examples of the present invention has good compressive strength and resilience, heat insulation and flame retardant properties, and has a wide range of applications.
[0024] The camellia fruit shell mycelium composite materials of some examples of the present invention can be used to prepare various heat-insulating packaging and building materials. Attached Figure Description
[0025] Figure 1 The growth morphology of a white-rot fungus strain on a Camellia oleifera fruit shell plate culture medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0026] Figure 2 The images show the morphology of camellia fruit shells with different particle sizes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0027] Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of a mycelial composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the surface hydrophobic properties of a mycelial composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the mechanical properties of a mycelial composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0030] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the thermal conductivity of a mycelial composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0031] Figure 7 This is an infrared thermal image of a mycelial composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0032] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the vertical combustion process of a mycelial composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0033] Figure 9 Fermentation time for preparing mycelial composite materials using different inoculation methods in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0034] A composite material of Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: Prepare and sterilize a solid fermentation substrate made from camellia fruit shells. The solid fermentation substrate consists of the following components by mass: 90-100 parts camellia fruit shells, 3-8 parts organic nitrogen source, and appropriate amount of water. White rot fungus liquid seeds were inoculated into the solid fermentation substrate of camellia fruit shells, mixed well, and then filled into a mold for the first solid fermentation. After the mycelium covered the solid fermentation substrate, the mold was removed. After demolding, a second solid-state fermentation is carried out until a dense mycelial film forms on the surface, and then it is dried and shaped to obtain the Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelial composite material.
[0035] The sterilization method can be a sterilization method commonly used in this field, such as sterilization at 121°C using an autoclave.
[0036] In some examples, the particle size of the camellia fruit shell is 1–12 mm. Specifically, it can be 1–3 mm, 3–6 mm, 6–9 mm, or 9–12 mm.
[0037] In some instances, the white-rot fungus is selected from Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma sessileum). Ganoderma sessile ), Red Ganoderma ( Ganoderma lucidum Black Ganoderma () Ganoderma atrum ), Purple Ganoderma ( Ganoderma sinense ), oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ), Phoenix tail mushroom ( Pleurotus sajor caju ), *Amanita muscaria* ( Coriolus Versicolor ), Periospermum lacerum ( Emmia lacerata One of them. Experimental data shows that these white-rot fungi can better utilize the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera for growth.
[0038] In some examples, the organic nitrogen source is selected from at least one of wheat bran, soybean meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, fish meal, yeast powder, and peptone. The addition of an organic nitrogen source can effectively promote the rapid growth of white-rot fungi and accelerate solid-state fermentation. Wheat bran is a better choice due to its low cost.
[0039] In some instances, the white-rot fungus liquid seed is prepared via submerged liquid fermentation. Submerged fermentation yields a seed liquid containing a large number of mycelial pellets, which allows for better mixing with the solid-state fermentation substrate, accelerating fermentation. Preferably, the liquid culture medium for submerged fermentation comprises 20 g / L corn starch, 10 g / L soybean flour, 3 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.5 g / L thiamine.
[0040] In some instances, the conditions for the first solid-state fermentation are: temperature 25–28°C, relative humidity 80–90%, ventilation, and protection from light.
[0041] In some instances, the conditions for the second solid-state fermentation are: temperature 28–30°C, relative humidity 85–95%, no ventilation, and protection from light.
[0042] In some instances, the conditions for the first solid-state fermentation are: temperature 25–28°C, relative humidity 80–90%, ventilation, and protection from light; the conditions for the second solid-state fermentation are: temperature 28–30°C, relative humidity 85–95%, no ventilation, and protection from light, with the temperature of the second solid-state fermentation being higher than that of the first solid-state fermentation.
[0043] The time for the first culture can be determined based on the growth of the mycelium. In some cases, the first culture time is 4 to 6 days.
[0044] The time for the second culture can be determined based on the growth of the mycelium. In some cases, the second culture time is 2 to 3 days.
[0045] In some instances, the amount of water added to the solid fermentation substrate is 1 to 1.5 times the amount of solid matter.
[0046] In some instances, the drying and shaping temperature is 65–80°C. At this temperature, white-rot fungi can be effectively inactivated without damaging the shape of the composite material.
[0047] These features can be combined arbitrarily as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods, and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods, and equipment in this technical field.
[0049] Example 1 The initial screening steps for white-rot fungal strains are as follows: The slant mother cultures of Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum var. rubrum, Ganoderma lucidum var. rubrum, Ganoderma lucidum var. purpureus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus thunbergii were respectively inoculated onto a plate culture medium with Camellia oleifera fruit shell powder as the sole nutrient source for cultivation. Based on the growth rate and mycelial density, white-rot fungi strains suitable for preparing Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelial composite materials were selected.
[0050] The growth morphology of various white-rot fungi on Camellia oleifera fruit shell agar plates, such as... Figure 1 As shown.
[0051] The growth rate and mycelial density of each white-rot fungus on Camellia oleifera fruit shell plate culture medium are shown in Table 1.
[0052] Table 1. Evaluation of the growth of various white-rot fungi on Camellia oleifera fruit shell agar plates. white rot fungus strains mycelial growth rate Hyphae density Ganoderma lucidum without stem +++ +++ Red Ganoderma + + Black Ganoderma +++ ++ Purple Ganoderma ++ +++ Oyster mushrooms + +++ Phoenix tail mushroom ++ + Colored Velvet Cap Fungus +++ +++ Tearing of the waxy fungus +++ +++ Note: "++" indicates excellent, "++" indicates average, and "+" indicates poor.
[0053] Through Table 1 and Figure 1 A comparison of the growth results of different white-rot fungal strains on Camellia oleifera fruit shell plate culture medium revealed that the mycelial growth rate of four white-rot fungi strains, namely Ganoderma lucidum sessileum, Ganoderma lucidum var. niger, Ganoderma lucidum var. niger, and Ganoderma schizophyllum commune, was faster and the mycelium was denser, indicating that they were relatively superior white-rot fungal strains.
[0054] Example 2 The steps for secondary screening of white-rot fungal strains are as follows: Based on the initial screening results of white-rot fungal strains, four white-rot fungal strains—Ganoderma lucidum sessileum, Ganoderma lucidum var. niger, Ganoderma lucidum var. niger, and Ganoderma lucidum var. niger—were inoculated into sterilized Camellia oleifera fruit shell solid fermentation substrate to evaluate the growth of each strain on the solid fermentation medium. Three 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm pieces of mycelial growth grown on Camellia oleifera fruit shell plate medium were taken and inoculated onto 50 g of sterilized Camellia oleifera fruit shell solid fermentation substrate, placed in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation, and the mycelial growth of each strain was evaluated.
[0055] The growth rate and mycelial density of each white rot fungus on the solid fermentation substrate of Camellia oleifera fruit shell are shown in Table 2.
[0056] Table 2 Evaluation of the growth of various white-rot fungi on the solid fermentation substrate of Camellia oleifera fruit shells white rot fungus strains mycelial growth rate Hyphae density Ganoderma lucidum without stem +++ +++ Black Ganoderma ++ ++ Colored Velvet Cap Fungus + +++ Tearing of the waxy fungus ++ +++ Note: "++" indicates excellent, "++" indicates average, and "+" indicates poor.
[0057] By comparing the growth results of four different white-rot fungal strains on the solid fermentation substrate of Camellia oleifera fruit shell in Table 2, it was found that the mycelial growth rate of Ganoderma lucidum sessile was faster and the mycelium was denser, which indicates that it was the relatively optimal white-rot fungal strain.
[0058] Example 3 The steps for preparing the solid fermentation substrate from camellia fruit shells are as follows: Solid waste from Camellia oleifera (family Theaceae) was processed by removing impurities, drying, crushing, and sieving. The resulting Camellia oleifera fruit shells had particle sizes of 1-3 mm, 3-6 mm, 6-9 mm, and 9-12 mm.
[0059] The different particle sizes of camellia fruit shells were mixed with wheat bran separately using a mixer, each mixture consisting of 95% camellia fruit shells and 5% wheat bran. The amount of water added was 1.3-1.5 times the weight of the solid fermentation substrate. The mixture was then sterilized at 121°C for 1 hour in an autoclave and cooled to room temperature after removal.
[0060] Morphology images of Camellia oleifera fruit shells with different particle sizes, such as Figure 2 As shown.
[0061] Example 4 The steps for preparing liquid seeds of white-rot fungi are as follows: Three 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm mycelial growths of the white-rot fungus strain *Ganoderma lucidum* obtained from secondary screening and grown on *Camellia oleifera* fruit shell agar plates were inoculated into liquid culture medium on a sterile operating table and placed in a shaker incubator at 28°C and 150 rpm for deep liquid fermentation. The fermentation broth containing a large number of mycelial balls after fermentation is the seed liquid mentioned above, which is used for solid-state fermentation inoculation.
[0062] The liquid culture medium consists of 20 g / L corn starch, 10 g / L soybean flour, 3 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 g / L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.5 g / L thiamine.
[0063] Example 5 The preparation steps for Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material with a particle size of 1-3 mm are as follows: S1) Prepare a solid fermentation medium with camellia fruit shells with a particle size of 1-3 mm. The medium consists of 95% by mass of camellia fruit shells, 5% by mass of wheat bran, and water added at 1.3-1.5 times the weight of the solid fermentation substrate. S2) The seed liquid from Example 4 was inoculated into the sterilized and cooled solid fermentation medium. The inoculation amount was 0.1 times the weight of the sterilized and cooled solid fermentation substrate. The mixture was then filled into a 15 cm × 15 cm × 3 cm mold and placed in a well-ventilated and dark environment with a temperature of 25-27°C and a relative humidity of 80-90% for the first solid fermentation. After 4 days, the substrate was covered with mycelium. S3) Demold and place in a non-ventilated, light-proof environment with a temperature of 28-30℃ and a relative humidity of 85-95% for a second solid-state fermentation until a mycelial film forms on the surface of the mycelial composite material, about 2 days. S4) Finally, the mycelium composite material after the second solid-state fermentation is placed in a hot air drying device at 65°C for 10 hours to dry the mycelium composite material, so as to dehydrate and shape it, and finally obtain the finished mycelium composite material.
[0064] Scanning electron microscope image of mycelial composite material prepared from Camellia oleifera fruit shell, as shown below. Figure 3As shown in the figure. Figure (a) is a micro-electron micrograph of the interior of the mycelial composite material, (b) is a micro-electron micrograph of the cell cavities of the Camellia oleifera fruit shell inside the mycelial composite material, (c) is a micro-electron micrograph of the mycelial membrane covering the surface of the mycelial composite material, and (d) is a micro-electron micrograph of some hyphae in the mycelial membrane. From Figure 3 As can be seen, in the mycelial composite material prepared by this invention, the mycelium is tightly bonded to the camellia fruit shell, and the internal mycelial network is distributed in an irregular mesh structure. The mycelium not only adheres to the surface of the camellia fruit shell but also penetrates deep into the cell cavity to absorb nutrients and tightly bind different particles together. Observation of the surface of the mycelial composite material reveals that the surface of the material is wrapped by a dense mycelial membrane, with different mycelia intertwined.
[0065] The surface hydrophobic properties of the mycelial composite material prepared from Camellia oleifera fruit shell are shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown in the figure. Figure (a) shows the surface water contact angle of Camellia oleifera fruit shell (COS) and the water contact angle of Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material (CMBC), and (b) shows the morphology of water droplets falling on the surface of Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material at different times. Figure 4 It can be seen that the mycelial composite material prepared by the present invention has good surface hydrophobicity.
[0066] Example 6 The camellia fruit shells used had a particle size of 3-6 mm, and other steps and experimental parameters were the same as in Example 5.
[0067] Example 7 The camellia fruit shells used had a particle size of 6-9 mm, and other steps and experimental parameters were the same as in Example 5.
[0068] Example 8 The camellia fruit shells used had a particle size of 9-12 mm, and other steps and experimental parameters were the same as in Example 5.
[0069] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is a traditional commercial petroleum-based foamed plastic, polystyrene (EPS) insulation board.
[0070] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 describes the preparation of Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelial composite material using the "solid-solid method". The inoculation method involved taking 10 pieces of mycelial moss (0.5 cm × 0.5 cm) from the slant mother culture of Ganoderma lucidum without stalks and inoculating them into a sterilized and cooled solid fermentation medium. Other steps and experimental parameters were the same as in Example 5.
[0071] Fermentation time for preparing mycelial composite materials using different inoculation methods, such as Figure 9 As shown. Example 5 is the "liquid-solid method" of the present invention, and Comparative Example 2 is the traditional "solid-solid method". Figure 9The fermentation time results of different inoculation methods for preparing mycelial composite materials show that the total time for the two solid-state fermentation stages in the "liquid-solid method" used in this invention is 6 days, while the total time for the "solid-solid method" is 22 days. This indicates that the white rot fungus seed liquid prepared by deep liquid fermentation has higher activity and higher biomass. After being inoculated into the solid fermentation substrate, it will grow and develop rapidly and absorb nutrients from the substrate for cell proliferation. The introduction of this inoculation method significantly improves the production efficiency of mycelial composite materials.
[0072] Characterization and performance testing To better illustrate the present invention, the compressive strength and tensile strength of all embodiments were tested using an electronic universal testing machine (CMT5504, Sansi, Shenzhen, China). The mechanical property test results of the Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite materials prepared in Examples 5-8 are as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the figure. Figure (a) shows the compressive strength change curve of the mycelial composite material during the 50% compressive strain process. When the compressive strain reaches 50%, the compressive strengths of Examples 5, 6, 7, and 8 are 0.36 MPa, 0.49 MPa, 0.64 MPa, and 0.73 MPa, respectively. When the compressive deformation is less than 10%, the stress response of all examples shows a linear increase. This process mainly involves the compression of the pores between the mycelia filling the mycelial composite material and the camellia fruit shell particles. Subsequently, under continuous stress, the compressive strength of the mycelial composite material significantly increases, which is mainly attributed to the mutual compression between the matrix particles. Figure (b) shows the rebound rate of the mycelial composite material after pressure unloading after the compressive strain reaches 50%. All examples show excellent elastic recovery ability, with Example 5 achieving an elastic recovery rate of 85.2%. This elastic recovery ability is attributed to the encapsulation and flexibility of the mycelia, enabling the mycelial composite material to recover to its initial shape after compression. Figure (c) shows the tensile strength of the mycelial composite material as a function of tensile strength. The stress of the mycelial composite material gradually decreases with the increase of the Camellia oleifera fruit shell particle size, from 1.72 MPa in Example 5 to 1.08 MPa in Example 8. Example 5 contains more mycelium compounded with Camellia oleifera fruit shell particles in the material, thus providing a stronger stress response.
[0073] The thermal conductivity and insulation performance of Examples 5-8 were tested using a thermal conductivity meter (TPS3500, Hot Disk, Sweden) and an infrared thermal imager (Fluke TIS75, USA). The thermal conductivity of each example is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the thermal conductivity of Examples 5, 6, 7, and 8 is 0.041 W / m². -1 K -1 0.044 Wm -1 K-1 0.051 Wm -1 K -1 0.056 Wm -1 K -1 All embodiments use materials with low thermal conductivity. This is because the prepared mycelial composite material is a porous, multi-level layered material. The rich pore structure of the camellia fruit shell itself, as well as the pores between the internal camellia fruit shell particles, form a good barrier to heat conduction. The growth of mycelium consumes the lignin of the camellia fruit shell, further promoting the formation of pores in the matrix particles. The temperature changes of the materials in Examples 5-8 and Comparative Example 1 during heating for 2 hours on a 100°C heating platform are shown below. Figure 7 As shown. After heating at 100°C for 2 hours, the temperature changes of Examples 5, 6, 7, and 8 were 8.3°C, 8.5°C, 8.9°C, and 9.9°C, respectively. All examples showed good heat insulation effects, while the temperature change of Comparative Example 1 reached 21.4°C. Considering both the thermal conductivity and infrared thermography results, the mycelial composite material prepared in Example 5 has good heat insulation performance.
[0074] The flame retardant properties of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 were tested using a horizontal and vertical burning tester (UL94-X, Modis, China). The vertical burning test results of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows: Figure 8 As shown. Comparative Example 1 burned out completely after 6 seconds of initial ignition, exhibiting melting and dripping phenomena, which would be extremely dangerous if applied to packaging or building materials in the event of a fire. In contrast, Example 5, after the flame was removed 10 seconds after the initial ignition, the mycelial composite material self-extinguished after 4 seconds, and after a second 10-second ignition, it self-extinguished 8 seconds after the flame was removed. This demonstrates that the mycelial composite material prepared in Example 5 of this invention has excellent flame-retardant properties. This is due to the presence of a large amount of mycelium in the material. The mycelial membrane on the material surface rapidly carbonizes upon contact with the flame, forming a char layer that protects the internal camellia fruit shell matrix. Simultaneously, the nitrogen in the proteins of the mycelium releases protective gases upon heating, giving the mycelial composite material excellent flame-retardant properties.
[0075] The above is a further detailed description of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation on the specific implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the concept of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite material of Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: A solid fermentation substrate for camellia fruit shells was prepared and sterilized. The mass composition of the solid fermentation substrate included: 90-100 parts of camellia fruit shell, 3-8 parts of organic nitrogen source, and appropriate amount of water; White rot fungus liquid seeds were inoculated into the solid fermentation substrate of camellia fruit shells, mixed well, and then filled into a mold for the first solid fermentation. After the mycelium covered the solid fermentation substrate, the mold was removed. After demolding, a second solid-state fermentation is carried out until a dense mycelial film forms on the surface, and then it is dried and shaped to obtain the Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelial composite material.
2. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the camellia fruit shell is 1–12 mm.
3. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The white-rot fungus was selected from Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma sinense). Ganoderma sessile ), Red Ganoderma ( Ganoderma lucidum Black Ganoderma () Ganoderma atrum ), Purple Ganoderma ( Ganoderma sinense ), oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ), Phoenix tail mushroom ( Pleurotus sajor caju ), *Amanita muscaria* ( Coriolus Versicolor ), Periospermum lacerum ( Emmia lacerata One of them.
4. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic nitrogen source is selected from at least one of wheat bran, soybean meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, fish meal, yeast powder and peptone, and / or the white rot fungus liquid seed is prepared by liquid deep fermentation.
5. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for the first solid-state fermentation are: temperature 25-28℃, relative humidity 80-90%, ventilation, and protection from light.
6. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for the second solid-state fermentation are: temperature 28-30℃, relative humidity 85-95%, no ventilation, and protection from light.
7. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying and shaping temperature is 65–80°C.
8. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the solid fermentation substrate, the amount of water added is 1 to 1.5 times the amount of solid matter.
9. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first culture period is 4 to 6 days, and / or the second culture period is 2 to 3 days.
10. The application of the Camellia oleifera fruit shell mycelium composite material according to claims 1 to 9 in the preparation of thermal insulation materials.