Feed additive, preparation method thereof and feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, and discloses a feed additive which is obtained by fermenting a pre-fermented material added with plant components through microorganisms, and the microorganisms are selected from at least one of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis. The plant components at least comprise radix astragali, radix codonopsis, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae and gallnut, and the mass ratio of the microorganisms to the pre-fermented material is (0.3-1): 100. The feed additive provided by the invention can effectively improve the gastrointestinal health of nursery piglets, is high in economy, uses green products in the whole process, is pollution-free, can improve the gastrointestinal problems of nursery pigs by adding zero chemical products, and can improve the health of the piglets. The diarrhea rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of feed production technology, and in particular to a feed additive and its preparation method, and feed. Background Technology

[0002] Diarrhea is a significant disease affecting pig health and farming efficiency in pig farming. Mild cases result in stunted growth and rough coats, while severe cases can lead to weight loss and even death. In current farming practices, pigs are typically divided into suckling, nursery, growth, and fattening periods, with pigs reaching approximately 120kg before market entry. The peak season for diarrhea is when piglets transition from suckling to nursery. Piglets are highly susceptible to diarrhea due to weaning stress and changes in feed. Farmers typically manage piglet diarrhea through feed restriction, antibiotics, and other medications. However, these methods have drawbacks. Feed restriction leads to low feed intake, slow growth, and weakened immunity; antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance, promote the development of superbugs, and leave residual bacteria; other treatments, such as intramuscular injections of antidiarrheal drugs, can further exacerbate weaning stress. Therefore, safe, pollution-free, and low-residue antidiarrheal drugs have become a focus in the pig farming industry.

[0003] The main measures to address this issue include: feeding creep feed to reduce feed change stress; feeding creep feed for two weeks before and two weeks after weaning, as some studies suggest that creep feed can help piglets adapt to feed earlier and facilitate a smoother weaning transition; a high-zinc oxide program, adding high doses of zinc oxide to creep feed to reduce feed irritation to the intestinal wall; and studies have shown that using zinc oxide in feed can reduce diarrhea rates and promote piglet growth and development; the use of antimicrobial peptides and other antimicrobial active substances can reduce pigs' dependence on antibiotics and reduce the incidence of diseases such as diarrhea; adding or mixing traditional Chinese medicine powders or extracts into feed can effectively improve pig immunity and reduce piglet diarrhea rates.

[0004] The problem this solution aims to solve is: how to provide a feed additive that reduces the rate of diarrhea in pigs, unlike existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a feed additive obtained by microbial fermentation of plant components.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a feed additive, which is obtained by fermenting a pre-fermented feed containing plant components with microorganisms, wherein the microorganisms are selected from at least one of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis.

[0007] The plant ingredients include at least Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, and Galla chinensis;

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of microorganisms to pre-fermented material is 0.3 to 1:100.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, and Galla chinensis is 5-7:6-8:4-6:4-6.

[0010] Preferably, the microorganism is a mixture of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis is 1:2 to 3:1.

[0011] Preferably, the pre-fermented material further includes corn and pure water, and the pre-fermented material comprises at least the following components by mass fraction:

[0012]

[0013] Preferably, the plant ingredients also include at least one of dried plum, Terminalia chebula pulp, Coptis chinensis, Curcuma longa, and Poria cocos.

[0014] Preferably, the pre-fermented material comprises at least the following components by mass fraction:

[0015]

[0016]

[0017] In addition, this application also discloses a method for preparing a feed additive, which involves mixing a pre-fermented feed containing plant components with microorganisms and fermenting it to obtain a feed additive.

[0018] Preferably, the procedure specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Mix the plant ingredients with corn, crush and sieve to obtain powder;

[0020] Step 2: Mix the powder with pure water to obtain the pre-fermented material;

[0021] Step 3: Inoculate the pre-fermented material with microorganisms and ferment it to obtain fermented material;

[0022] Step 4: Dry the fermented material and add glucose to obtain a feed additive;

[0023] Furthermore, in step 4, the mass ratio of glucose to the dried fermentation material is 1:18-20.

[0024] In addition, this application also discloses a feed containing 2 to 4 wt% of the feed additives described above.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this application are: the feed additive provided by this application can effectively improve the gastrointestinal health of weaned piglets, is highly economical, uses green products throughout the process, is pollution-free, has zero chemical additives, and can improve gastrointestinal problems in weaned piglets and reduce the diarrhea rate. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to its embodiments. It should be noted that, unless specific conditions are specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products.

[0027] It should be noted that the raw material information of the microorganisms and plant components involved in this application is as follows:

[0028] Astragalus was purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0029] The Codonopsis pilosula was purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0030] Atractylodes macrocephala was purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0031] Gallnuts were purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0032] The corn was purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0033] The dried plums were purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0034] The purslane meat was purchased from Qichun Zhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0035] Coptis chinensis was purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0036] The turmeric was purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0037] Poria cocos was purchased from Qichunzhen Medicinal Herbs and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Co., Ltd.

[0038] The yeast was purchased from Hunan Fenghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0039] The lactic acid bacteria were purchased from Hunan Fenghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0040] Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Hunan Fenghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0041] The preparation method of feed additives is as follows:

[0042] Step 1: Crush the plant ingredients and corn, and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain powder;

[0043] Step 2: Mix the powder obtained in Step 1 with water to obtain the pre-fermented material;

[0044] Step 3: Inoculate the pre-fermented material with lactic acid bacteria at a mass ratio of 0.5:100 and pack it into a bag with a breathing valve. Ferment for 5 days to obtain the fermented material.

[0045] Step 4: Dry the fermented material until the water content in the fermented material is less than 15% by mass. Then add glucose to the dried fermented material at a mass ratio of 19:1 to glucose and mix to obtain the feed additive.

[0046] In the preparation process, the specific selection and composition of each raw material in the plant components are detailed in the specific descriptions of each embodiment.

[0047] Examples 1-6

[0048] A feed additive, the raw material composition and addition amount of its pre-fermented feed are shown in Table 1:

[0049] Table 1: Formulation of pre-fermented feed for Examples 1-6

[0050]

[0051] Example 7

[0052] The process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that in the preparation of the feed additive, a mixed strain of Bacillus subtilis and yeast is used to replace the lactic acid bacteria, and the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis to yeast is 1:1.

[0053] Example 8

[0054] The process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that in the preparation of the feed additive, a mixed strain of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast is used to replace the lactic acid bacteria, and the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast is 1:2:1.

[0055] Example 9

[0056] The process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria to pre-fermented feed is 0.3:100 during the preparation of the feed additive.

[0057] Example 10

[0058] The process is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria to pre-fermented feed is 1:100 during the preparation of the feed additive.

[0059] Comparative Examples 1-4

[0060] An additive, the raw material composition and addition amount of its pre-fermented feed are shown in Table 2:

[0061] Table 2: Formulation Tables for Comparative Examples 1-4

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Seventy-five 21-day-old weaned piglets with similar body condition and health status were randomly selected and divided into 15 groups (one of which was a blank control group), with 5 piglets in each group. The experimental groups were fed experimental feed (additives prepared in the examples and comparative examples were evenly mixed into creep feed at a ratio of 2.0 wt%), while the blank control group was fed only creep feed. The creep feed was purchased from Guangdong Bilimei Yingwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., model Xiaoduobao 100. The piglets were fed continuously for 15 days. During this period, the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and other growth performance of the experimental and control groups were recorded. The diarrhea rate and fecal score were recorded daily.

[0065] Diarrhea rate = (Number of diarrheal animals / Total number of animals) * 100%;

[0066] Daily feed intake = Total feed intake / Number of days in the experiment;

[0067] Daily weight gain = (final weight - initial weight) / number of days of trial;

[0068] Feed conversion ratio = Daily feed intake / Daily weight gain;

[0069] During the experiment, three professionals statistically analyzed the diarrhea symptoms in the piglets and scored their feces. The average score was taken as the final result. The fecal scoring criteria are shown in Table 3.

[0070] Table 3: Stool Scoring Criteria

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] The performance test results are shown in Table 4:

[0074] Table 4: Performance Test Results

[0075]

[0076] Results analysis:

[0077] 1. As can be seen from Examples 1-3 and Examples 9-10, when the amount of each raw material in the feed additive is adjusted slightly, the feed conversion ratio of Examples 1-3 shows a certain degree of fluctuation, but the fluctuation range is relatively small. However, considering the fecal score results, Example 2 is undoubtedly more advantageous.

[0078] 2. Further observation of Examples 4-6 shows that when Prunus mume, Terminalia chebula, Coptis chinensis, Curcuma longa, and Poria cocos were added to Example 4, the diarrhea rate of Examples 4-6 could be further inhibited. In addition, the feed conversion ratio was lower than that of Examples 1-3, indicating that the feed conversion efficiency of Example 4 was improved.

[0079] Furthermore, Example 4 not only has advantages over Examples 1-3 in diarrhea control and feed conversion ratio, but also has significant advantages over Examples 5-6; it is evident that there is a synergistic effect among Prunus mume, Terminalia chebula, Coptis chinensis, Curcuma longa, and Poria cocos.

[0080] 3. Observations of Examples 1 and 7-8 show that when Example 8 uses a mixed strain of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast, the feed conversion ratio of Example 8 also shows a good decreasing trend compared with Examples 1 and 7. It is speculated that Example 8 may increase the content of effective ingredients in feed additives that are easily absorbed by pigs through the fermentation of plant components by the above-mentioned mixed strains, thereby reducing the feed conversion ratio.

[0081] 4. As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4, although they still showed a certain diarrhea-inhibiting effect compared to the control group, when any one of Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, or Galla chinensis was missing from the plant components, the fecal scores of pigs in Comparative Examples 1-4 were significantly increased, and the diarrhea rate and severity of diarrhea were higher than those in Example 1. It can be seen that any one of Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, or Galla chinensis is indispensable.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that, The feed additive is obtained by fermenting a pre-fermented material containing plant components with microorganisms, wherein the microorganisms are selected from at least one of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis. The plant ingredients include at least Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, and Galla chinensis; Furthermore, the mass ratio of microorganisms to pre-fermented material is 0.3 to 1:

100.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, and Galla chinensis is 5-7:6-8:4-6:4-6.

3. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microorganisms are a mixture of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis is 1:2 to 3:

1.

4. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-fermented feed also includes corn and pure water, and the pre-fermented feed, by mass fraction, includes at least the following components:

5. The feed additive according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plant ingredients also include at least one of the following: dried plum, purslane pulp, coptis chinensis, turmeric, and poria cocos.

6. The feed additive according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pre-fermented feed comprises at least the following components by mass fraction:

7. A method for preparing a feed additive, characterized in that, A feed additive is obtained by mixing pre-fermented feed containing plant components with microorganisms and fermenting it.

8. The method for preparing the feed additive according to claim 7, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Mix the plant ingredients with corn, crush and sieve to obtain powder; Step 2: Mix the powder with pure water to obtain the pre-fermented material; Step 3: Inoculate the pre-fermented material with microorganisms and ferment it to obtain fermented material; Step 4: Dry the fermented material and add glucose to obtain a feed additive; Furthermore, in step 4, the mass ratio of glucose to the dried fermentation material is 1:18-20.

9. A feed, characterized in that, Contains 2 to 4 wt% of any of the feed additives described in claims 1-6.

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