Compound feed for weaned piglets and preparation method of compound feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound feed for weaned piglets and a preparation method thereof, relates to the technical field of feeds, and solves the problems of high stress, low food consumption, slow weight gain, intestinal damage, high diarrhea rate and low survival rate of weaned piglets. Each ton of compound feed for weaned piglets comprises the following raw materials: corn, broken rice, soybean meal, super steam fish meal, extruded soybeans, fermented soybean meal, peanut meal, flour, whey powder, glucose, white sugar, soybean oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, calcium formate, calcium hydrophosphate, amino acid, a vitamin additive, a trace element premix, composite dietary fibers, auxiliary materials and the like. The feed additive can improve the feed intake of piglets, protect the intestinal health of the piglets, enhance the immunity, relieve the weaning stress of the piglets, reduce the incidence rate of diarrhea and disease of the piglets and improve the weight gain rate of the piglets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed technology, and in particular to a compound feed for weaned piglets and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Scientific nutrition management during the piglet stage is key to improving breeding efficiency. Good nutrition management can not only significantly improve the survival rate and weaning weight of piglets, but also lay the foundation for subsequent bone and muscle development, thereby improving the overall growth rate and feed efficiency, ultimately shortening the time to market and improving economic benefits.

[0003] However, the stress of feed change during weaning often leads to problems such as decreased feed intake, increased diarrhea rate, and increased mortality in piglets. These problems mainly stem from two factors: first, poor feed palatability, causing piglets to dislike eating and resulting in poor appetite, leading to damage to the intestinal villi due to insufficient nutrient supply; second, low feed digestibility, making it difficult for piglets to digest. Undigested feed enters the hindgut, where it is fermented by harmful microorganisms to produce endotoxins, thus inducing diarrhea in piglets.

[0004] Currently, common countermeasures include adding flavoring agents, sweeteners, and umami agents to feed to enhance its palatability, or using acidifiers and enzyme preparations to improve feed digestibility in piglets. However, these conventional methods have limited effectiveness and have failed to effectively alleviate the series of problems caused by weaning stress in piglets. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a compound feed for weaned piglets and its preparation method, solving the problems of high stress, low feed intake, slow weight gain, intestinal damage, high diarrhea rate, and low survival rate in piglets after weaning. It can increase feed intake, protect intestinal health, enhance immunity, alleviate weaning stress, reduce the incidence of diarrhea and disease, and improve weight gain rate. The specific technical solution is as follows: A compound feed for weaned piglets, wherein each ton of the compound feed contains the following raw materials by weight: 150-250 kg of corn, 200-300 kg of broken rice, 100-150 kg of soybean meal, 30-50 kg of super steamed fish meal, 60-80 kg of extruded soybeans, 30-50 kg of fermented soybean meal, 30-50 kg of peanut meal, 100-150 kg of wheat flour, 100-150 kg of whey powder, 20-30 kg of glucose, 20-30 kg of white sugar, 10-15 kg of soybean oil, 1-3 kg of flaxseed oil, 3-5 kg ​​of coconut oil, 10-20 kg of calcium formate, 5-15 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 10-15 kg of amino acids, 1-3 kg of vitamin additives, 2-4 kg of trace element premix, 5-10 kg of compound dietary fiber, and 2-4 kg of auxiliary materials; The vitamin additives include vitamin E and vitamin C; the excipients include bile acids, lipase, astragalus polysaccharide, and astragaloside A.

[0006] In this invention, each 1000 mg of the excipients contains 20-100 mg of bile acids, 10-100 mg of lipase, 300-500 mg of astragalus polysaccharide, and 300-450 mg of astragaloside A.

[0007] Preferably, the vitamin additive also includes vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, and biotin.

[0008] In this invention, each 1000 mg of the vitamin additive contains 4-10 mg of vitamin A, 2-6 mg of vitamin D3, 250-450 mg of vitamin E, 350-750 mg of vitamin C, 4-10 mg of vitamin K3, 3-8 mg of vitamin B1, 7-10 mg of vitamin B2, 4-8 mg of vitamin B6, 0.03-0.05 mg of vitamin B12, 40-60 mg of niacin, 33-40 mg of calcium pantothenate, 4-8 mg of folic acid, and 0.3-0.5 mg of biotin.

[0009] Preferably, the trace element premix includes copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, iodine, sodium selenite, chromium glycine, and cobalt sulfate.

[0010] In this invention, each thousand milligrams of the trace element premix contains 40-130 mg of copper, 180-250 mg of iron, 450-656 mg of zinc, 70-90 mg of manganese, 0.1-0.5 mg of iodine, 0.15-0.4 mg of selenium, 0.1-0.3 mg of chromium, and 0.1-0.3 mg of cobalt.

[0011] Preferably, the composite dietary fiber includes fructooligosaccharides, oat hull dietary fiber, soybean hull dietary fiber, and citrus dietary fiber.

[0012] In this invention, each 1000 mg of the compound dietary fiber contains 10-100 mg of fructooligosaccharides, 50-150 mg of oat hull dietary fiber, 100-400 mg of soybean hull dietary fiber, and 100-500 mg of citrus dietary fiber.

[0013] Preferably, the excipients also include stevia extract and chestnut wood extract.

[0014] In this invention, each 1000 mg of the excipients also contains 500-600 mg of stevia extract and 400-500 mg of chestnut wood extract.

[0015] Preferably, a method for preparing compound feed for weaned piglets as described above includes the following steps: (1) Grinding: Grind the corn, broken rice, soybean meal and peanut meal and sieve them; (2) Mixing: Weigh the powder and other raw materials from step (1) according to the proportion, mix them evenly to obtain a mixture; (3) Expansion: The mixture from step (2) is expanded and cooked to obtain cooked material; (4) Granulation: Granulate the cooked material from step (3) to obtain particulate matter; (5) Packaging: After cooling and sieving the particles from step (4), vacuum package them to obtain the weaned piglet compound feed.

[0016] Preferably, in step (1), the pulverizing is carried out using a hammer mill, and the sieve aperture for sieving is 0.8 to 1.2 mm; in step (2), the mixing is carried out using a horizontal twin-shaft mixer, and the mixing time is 115 to 125 s.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the expansion and ripening treatment is carried out in a saturated steam equipment, with a controlled pressure of 1.8 to 2.2 MPa, an outlet temperature of 93 to 97°C, an expansion time of 12 to 16 seconds, and a starch ripening degree of more than 50%.

[0018] Preferably, in step (4), the granulation is carried out in a ring die with a pore size of 2.4 to 2.6 mm and a compression ratio of 1:(2.8 to 3.2).

[0019] Preferably, in step (5), the cooling is natural cooling to 25-35°C, and the moisture content of the material after cooling is ≤12.5%; the vacuum degree of the vacuum packaging is 0.09-0.1 MPa.

[0020] In this invention, the amino acids include one or more of lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, cysteine, and glutamic acid.

[0021] In this invention, the super steam fish meal is the feed-grade super steam fish meal conventionally described in the art, and its main components generally contain the following substances in mass percentage: crude protein content of 65-70%, acid-soluble protein content of 1-3%, amino acid content of 5-15%, ash content of 1-15%, and the remainder being unavoidable impurities.

[0022] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, through a scientifically formulated approach, enables palatable raw materials such as whey powder, peanut meal, and super imported fishmeal to significantly improve feed palatability; pretreatment of raw materials such as extruded soybeans and fermented soybean meal significantly reduces anti-nutritional factors and improves the digestibility and absorption rate of the raw materials; compared with existing technologies using zeolite powder, white carbon black, and other carriers, this invention uses plant extracts (glucose) as a carrier, whose sweetness effectively masks the bitterness of the plant extracts, ensuring that it does not affect the feed intake of piglets when used in piglet feed, and that it can be released and absorbed quickly in the piglet's intestines.

[0023] 2. Traditional feeds often use single Chinese herbal medicine additives to improve the immunity of piglets, but the effect is not ideal. Through creative design and extensive experiments, the inventors of this invention discovered that when Astragalus polysaccharides and Astragaloside A are combined in the proportions described in this invention, they effectively alleviate oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), reducing intestinal inflammatory responses, and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH, thus enhancing immunity.

[0024] 3. Traditional feed typically only adds soybean oil to provide energy for piglets, but its effect is not ideal, and excessive addition can lead to a higher incidence of diarrhea. Through creative design and extensive experimentation, the inventors of this invention discovered that when soybean oil, coconut oil, and flaxseed oil are blended according to the proportions of this invention, fatty acids can be balanced, improving the utilization rate of fat by piglets.

[0025] 4. The raw materials of this invention include bile acids and lipase, the "golden partners" for fat digestion and absorption. Bile acids emulsify fat, increasing the contact area with lipase and directly activating it, while also providing hepatoprotective, choleretic, and immune-boosting functions. Lipase directly hydrolyzes fat, breaking it down into absorbable small molecules. Bile acids first emulsify the fat, creating optimal conditions for lipase decomposition and simultaneously activating lipase activity, allowing it to efficiently break down fat, significantly improving fat digestibility and energy utilization, thereby effectively increasing feed conversion ratio, promoting animal growth, and improving health.

[0026] 5. The stevia extract of this invention contains sodium isochlorogenic acid, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, and can help regulate the gut microbiota and reduce intestinal inflammation. Chestnut wood extract has astringent and antibacterial effects, helping the intestines establish the first line of defense and reducing the number of intestinal pathogens. Astragalus polysaccharides / glycosides strengthen the intestinal immune barrier by enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity (e.g., increasing sIgA levels). The antioxidant effects of chestnut wood extract and stevia extract can reduce free radical damage to immune cells, indirectly supporting immune function. The addition of bile acids and lipases ensures sufficient fat absorption, allowing the body to obtain adequate energy and fat-soluble vitamins (especially vitamin E) to maintain a strong immune system. These ingredients work together to maintain intestinal function, effectively prevent diarrhea, provide a stable environment for efficient digestion and absorption, thereby enhancing the piglets' disease resistance and stress resistance, and maintaining overall health.

[0027] 6. The stevia extract added in this invention can effectively improve feed palatability, thereby increasing piglet feed intake. With the help of bile acids and lipases, the feed is efficiently digested and absorbed, providing piglets with more energy for growth. Stevia extract, chestnut extract, astragalus polysaccharide, and astragaloside A can stabilize the intestinal flora, protect the intestinal health of piglets, alleviate weaning stress, and enhance immunity, thus greatly reducing the incidence of diarrhea and disease in piglets. As a result, more nutrients are used for growth rather than disease resistance, leading to better weight gain in piglets and improved piglet farming efficiency.

[0028] 7. This invention utilizes an expansion process during preparation. The expansion and cooking process simultaneously ensures short-duration high-temperature expansion, minimizing vitamin loss and better preserving nutrients. The starch content in the feed can reach over 50%, further improving the digestibility and absorption rate of piglet feed. Vacuum packaging prevents re-contamination by harmful microorganisms, ensuring the feed's freshness and safety. Compared to other feeds, piglets using this invention can smoothly transition to feed after weaning, avoiding weaning anorexia, diarrhea, and weight loss. The survival rate of piglets during the nursery period can be increased by over 3%, and the average daily weight gain during the nursery period can be increased by over 50g / day, effectively improving piglet growth performance. Furthermore, this invention's feed preparation is simple, requires minimal equipment, and has significant practical value and economic benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used below have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, all raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0030] Example 1 A compound feed for weaned piglets, wherein each ton of the compound feed is made from the following raw materials by weight: 160 kg corn, 200 kg broken rice, 100 kg soybean meal, 30 kg super steamed fish meal, 60 kg extruded soybeans, 30 kg fermented soybean meal, 30 kg peanut meal, 150 kg flour, 150 kg whey powder, 20 kg glucose, 20 kg white sugar, 10 kg soybean oil, 1 kg flaxseed oil, 3 kg coconut oil, 10 kg calcium formate, 5 kg dicalcium phosphate, 10 kg amino acids, 1 kg vitamin additives, 2 kg trace element premix, 5 kg compound dietary fiber, and 3 kg auxiliary materials; the amino acids are lysine and methionine in equal mass ratios. Each 1000 mg excipient contains 80 mg of bile acids, 70 mg of lipase, 400 mg of astragalus polysaccharide, and 450 mg of astragaloside A.

[0031] Each 1000 mg excipient contains 600 mg of stevia extract and 400 mg of chestnut wood extract.

[0032] Each 1000 mg of vitamin supplement contains 10 mg of vitamin A, 6 mg of vitamin D3, 250 mg of vitamin E, 635.67 mg of vitamin C, 4 mg of vitamin K3, 3 mg of vitamin B1, 7 mg of vitamin B2, 4 mg of vitamin B6, 0.03 mg of vitamin B12, 43 mg of niacin, 33 mg of calcium pantothenate, 4 mg of folic acid, and 0.3 mg of biotin.

[0033] Each 1000 mg trace element premix contains 50 mg copper, 229.3 mg iron, 650 mg zinc, 70 mg manganese, 0.35 mg iodine, 0.15 mg selenium, 0.1 mg chromium, and 0.1 mg cobalt.

[0034] Each 1000 mg of complex dietary fiber contains 50 mg of fructooligosaccharides, 50 mg of oat hull dietary fiber, 400 mg of soybean skin dietary fiber, and 500 mg of citrus dietary fiber.

[0035] A method for preparing compound feed for weaned piglets as described above includes the following steps: (1) Crushing: Use a hammer mill to crush corn, broken rice, soybean meal and peanut meal separately, and pass them through a sieve with a pore size of 0.8mm for later use; (2) Mixing: Weigh the powder and other raw materials from step (1) according to the proportion, and mix them for 115 seconds using a horizontal twin-shaft mixer to make the raw materials uniform and obtain a mixture. (3) Expansion: The mixture from step (2) is expanded and cooked using a saturated steam device. The pressure is controlled at 1.8 MPa, the discharge temperature is 97°C, the expansion time is 16 s, and the starch cooking degree is above 50% to obtain cooked material. (4) Granulation: The matured material from step (3) is granulated in a ring die with a pore size of 2.4 mm and a compression ratio of 1:2.8 to obtain particulate matter; (5) Packaging: The particles from step (4) are naturally cooled to 25°C. After cooling, the moisture content of the material is ≤12.5%. Then, the material is screened and vacuum-packed under a vacuum of 0.09 MPa to obtain the weaned piglet compound feed.

[0036] Example 2 A compound feed for weaned piglets, wherein each ton of the compound feed is made from the following raw materials by weight: 166 kg corn, 200 kg broken rice, 100 kg soybean meal, 50 kg super steamed fish meal, 80 kg extruded soybeans, 50 kg fermented soybean meal, 50 kg peanut meal, 100 kg flour, 100 kg whey powder, 20 kg glucose, 20 kg white sugar, 15 kg soybean oil, 3 kg flaxseed oil, 5 kg coconut oil, 10 kg calcium formate, 5 kg dicalcium phosphate, 15 kg amino acids, 1 kg vitamin additives, 2 kg trace element premix, 5 kg compound dietary fiber, and 3 kg auxiliary materials; the amino acids are lysine, methionine, and threonine in equal mass ratios. Each 1000 mg excipient contains 100 mg of bile acids, 100 mg of lipase, 500 mg of astragalus polysaccharide, and 300 mg of astragaloside A.

[0037] Each 1000 mg excipient contains 500 mg of stevia extract and 500 mg of chestnut wood extract.

[0038] Each 1000 mg vitamin supplement contains 4 mg of vitamin A, 2 mg of vitamin D3, 310 mg of vitamin E, 567.45 mg of vitamin C, 6 mg of vitamin K3, 5 mg of vitamin B1, 9 mg of vitamin B2, 6 mg of vitamin B6, 0.05 mg of vitamin B12, 47 mg of niacin, 37 mg of calcium pantothenate, 6 mg of folic acid, and 0.5 mg of biotin.

[0039] Each 1000 mg trace element premix contains 40 mg copper, 224.2 mg iron, 650 mg zinc, 85 mg manganese, 0.4 mg iodine, 0.2 mg selenium, 0.1 mg chromium, and 0.1 mg cobalt.

[0040] Each 1000 mg of complex dietary fiber contains 20 mg of fructooligosaccharides, 100 mg of oat hull dietary fiber, 400 mg of soybean hull dietary fiber, and 480 mg of citrus dietary fiber.

[0041] A method for preparing compound feed for weaned piglets as described above includes the following steps: (1) Crushing: Use a hammer mill to crush corn, broken rice, soybean meal and peanut meal separately, and pass them through a sieve with a 1.2mm aperture for later use; (2) Mixing: Weigh the powder and other raw materials from step (1) according to the proportion, and mix them for 125 seconds using a horizontal twin-shaft mixer to make the raw materials uniform and obtain a mixture. (3) Expansion: The mixture from step (2) is expanded and cooked using a saturated steam device. The pressure is controlled at 2.2 MPa, the discharge temperature is 93℃, the expansion time is 12s, and the starch cooking degree is above 50% to obtain cooked material. (4) Granulation: The matured material from step (3) is granulated in a ring die with a pore size of 2.6 mm and a compression ratio of 1:3.2 to obtain granules; (5) Packaging: The particles from step (4) are naturally cooled to 35°C. After cooling, the moisture content of the material is ≤12.5%. Then, the material is screened and vacuum-packed under a vacuum of 0.1 MPa to obtain the weaned piglet compound feed.

[0042] Example 3 A compound feed for weaned piglets, wherein each ton of the compound feed is made from the following raw materials by weight: 190 kg corn, 200 kg broken rice, 110 kg soybean meal, 40 kg super steamed fish meal, 65 kg extruded soybeans, 35 kg fermented soybean meal, 35 kg peanut meal, 110 kg flour, 110 kg whey powder, 22 kg glucose, 22 kg white sugar, 11 kg soybean oil, 1.5 kg flaxseed oil, 3.5 kg coconut oil, 12 kg calcium formate, 7 kg dicalcium phosphate, 11 kg amino acids, 1 kg vitamin additives, 2 kg trace element premix, 9 kg compound dietary fiber, and 3 kg auxiliary materials; the amino acids are threonine, tryptophan, cysteine, and glutamic acid in equal mass ratios. Each 1000 mg excipient contains 25 mg of bile acids, 25 mg of lipase, 500 mg of astragalus polysaccharide, and 450 mg of astragaloside A.

[0043] Each 1000 mg excipient contains 550 mg of stevia extract and 450 mg of chestnut wood extract.

[0044] Each 1000 mg vitamin supplement contains 8 mg of vitamin A, 5 mg of vitamin D3, 300 mg of vitamin E, 584.12 mg of vitamin C, 4.5 mg of vitamin K3, 3.5 mg of vitamin B1, 7.5 mg of vitamin B2, 4.5 mg of vitamin B6, 0.03 mg of vitamin B12, 44 mg of niacin, 34 mg of calcium pantothenate, 4.5 mg of folic acid, and 0.35 mg of biotin.

[0045] Each 1000 mg trace element premix contains 40 mg copper, 245 mg iron, 637.3 mg zinc, 77 mg manganese, 0.15 mg iodine, 0.25 mg selenium, 0.1 mg chromium, and 0.2 mg cobalt.

[0046] Each 1000 mg of complex dietary fiber contains 12 mg of fructooligosaccharides, 150 mg of oat hull dietary fiber, 388 mg of soybean hull dietary fiber, and 450 mg of citrus dietary fiber.

[0047] A method for preparing compound feed for weaned piglets as described above includes the following steps: (1) Crushing: Use a hammer mill to crush corn, broken rice, soybean meal and peanut meal separately, and pass them through a sieve with a pore size of 0.9mm for later use; (2) Mixing: Weigh the powder and other raw materials from step (1) according to the proportion, and mix them for 117 seconds using a horizontal twin-shaft mixer to make the raw materials uniform and obtain a mixture. (3) Expansion: The mixture from step (2) is expanded and cooked using a saturated steam device. The pressure during expansion and cooking is controlled at 1.9 MPa, the discharge temperature is 94°C, the expansion time is 13 s, and the starch cooking degree is above 50%, thus obtaining cooked material. (4) Granulation: The matured material from step (3) is granulated in a ring die with a pore size of 2.45 mm and a compression ratio of 1:2.9 to obtain granules; (5) Packaging: The particles from step (4) are naturally cooled to 27°C. After cooling, the moisture content of the material is ≤12.5%. Then, the material is screened and vacuum-packed under a vacuum of 0.093 MPa to obtain the weaned piglet compound feed.

[0048] Example 4 A compound feed for weaned piglets, wherein each ton of the compound feed contains the following raw materials by weight: 171 kg corn, 220 kg broken rice, 105 kg soybean meal, 40 kg super steamed fish meal, 65 kg extruded soybeans, 35 kg fermented soybean meal, 45 kg peanut meal, 105 kg flour, 105 kg whey powder, 23 kg glucose, 21 kg white sugar, 14 kg soybean oil, 2.5 kg flaxseed oil, 4.5 kg coconut oil, 12 kg calcium formate, 6 kg dicalcium phosphate, 14 kg amino acids, 1 kg vitamin additives, 2 kg trace element premix, 6 kg compound dietary fiber, and 3 kg auxiliary materials; the amino acids are threonine, tryptophan, and cysteine ​​in equal mass ratios. Each 1000 mg excipient contains 90 mg of bile acids, 60 mg of lipase, 450 mg of astragalus polysaccharide, and 400 mg of astragaloside A.

[0049] Each 1000 mg excipient contains 550 mg of stevia extract and 450 mg of chestnut wood extract.

[0050] Each 1000 mg of vitamin supplement contains 8 mg of vitamin A, 5 mg of vitamin D3, 305 mg of vitamin E, 570 mg of vitamin C, 5.5 mg of vitamin K3, 4.5 mg of vitamin B1, 8.5 mg of vitamin B2, 5.5 mg of vitamin B6, 0.05 mg of vitamin B12, 46 mg of niacin, 36 mg of calcium pantothenate, 5.5 mg of folic acid, and 0.45 mg of biotin.

[0051] Each 1000 mg trace element premix contains 55 mg copper, 205 mg iron, 656 mg zinc, 83 mg manganese, 0.4 mg iodine, 0.25 mg selenium, 0.1 mg chromium, and 0.25 mg cobalt.

[0052] Each 1000 mg of complex dietary fiber contains 18 mg of fructooligosaccharides, 90 mg of oat hull dietary fiber, 392 mg of soybean hull dietary fiber, and 500 mg of citrus dietary fiber.

[0053] A method for preparing compound feed for weaned piglets as described above includes the following steps: (1) Crushing: Use a hammer mill to crush corn, broken rice, soybean meal and peanut meal separately, and pass them through a sieve with a 1.1mm aperture for later use; (2) Mixing: Weigh the powder and other raw materials from step (1) according to the proportion, and mix them for 123 seconds using a horizontal twin-shaft mixer to make the raw materials uniform and obtain a mixture. (3) Expansion: The mixture from step (2) is expanded and cooked using a saturated steam device. The pressure during expansion and cooking is controlled at 2.1 MPa, the discharge temperature is 96℃, the expansion time is 15s, and the starch cooking degree is above 50%, thus obtaining cooked material. (4) Granulation: The matured material from step (3) is granulated in a ring die with a pore size of 2.55 mm and a compression ratio of 1:3.1 to obtain granules; (5) Packaging: The particles from step (4) are naturally cooled to 33°C. After cooling, the moisture content of the material is ≤12.5%. Then, the material is screened and vacuum-packed under a vacuum of 0.098 MPa to obtain the weaned piglet compound feed.

[0054] Example 5 A compound feed for weaned piglets, wherein each ton of the compound feed contains the following raw materials by weight: 202 kg corn, 200 kg broken rice, 125 kg soybean meal, 35 kg super steamed fish meal, 60 kg extruded soybeans, 35 kg fermented soybean meal, 40 kg peanut meal, 100 kg flour, 100 kg whey powder, 20 kg glucose, 20 kg white sugar, 10 kg soybean oil, 5 kg coconut oil, 2 kg flaxseed oil, 10 kg calcium formate, 10 kg dicalcium phosphate, 13 kg amino acids, 1 kg vitamin additives, 2 kg trace element premix, 7 kg compound dietary fiber, and 3 kg auxiliary materials; the amino acids are methionine, threonine, cysteine, and glutamic acid in equal mass ratios. Each 1000 mg excipient contains 30 mg of bile acids, 20 mg of lipase, 500 mg of astragalus polysaccharide, and 450 mg of astragaloside A.

[0055] Each 1000 mg excipient contains 590 mg of stevia extract and 410 mg of chestnut wood extract.

[0056] Each 1000 mg vitamin premix contains 5 mg of vitamin A, 3 mg of vitamin D3, 450 mg of vitamin E, 434.56 mg of vitamin C, 5 mg of vitamin K3, 4 mg of vitamin B1, 8 mg of vitamin B2, 5 mg of vitamin B6, 0.04 mg of vitamin B12, 45 mg of niacin, 35 mg of calcium pantothenate, 5 mg of folic acid, and 0.4 mg of biotin.

[0057] Each 1000 mg of trace element premix contains 60 mg of copper, 210 mg of iron, 649 mg of zinc, 80 mg of manganese, 0.5 mg of iodine, 0.2 mg of selenium, 0.1 mg of chromium, and 0.2 mg of cobalt.

[0058] Each 1000 mg of complex dietary fiber contains 95 mg of fructooligosaccharides, 100 mg of oat hull dietary fiber, 325 mg of soybean hull dietary fiber, and 480 mg of citrus dietary fiber.

[0059] A method for preparing compound feed for weaned piglets as described above includes the following steps: (1) Crushing: Use a hammer mill to crush corn, broken rice, soybean meal and peanut meal separately, and pass them through a sieve with a 1.0mm aperture for later use; (2) Mixing: Weigh the powder and other raw materials from step (1) according to the proportion, and mix them for 120 seconds using a horizontal twin-shaft mixer to make the raw materials uniform and obtain a mixture. (3) Expansion: The mixture from step (2) is expanded and cooked using a saturated steam device. The pressure during expansion and cooking is controlled at 2.0 MPa, the discharge temperature is 95℃, the expansion time is 14s, and the starch cooking degree is above 50%, thus obtaining cooked material. (4) Granulation: The matured material from step (3) is granulated in a ring die with a pore size of 2.5 mm and a compression ratio of 1:3.0 to obtain granules; (5) Packaging: The particles from step (4) are naturally cooled to 30°C. After cooling, the moisture content of the material is ≤12.5%. Then, the material is screened and vacuum-packed under a vacuum of 0.095 MPa to obtain the weaned piglet compound feed.

[0060] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that coconut oil and flaxseed oil are not added, while other conditions remain the same.

[0061] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the mass ratio of soybean oil, coconut oil and flaxseed oil in the raw materials is 2:2:1, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0062] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the mass ratio of soybean oil, coconut oil and flaxseed oil in the raw materials is 4:1:1, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0063] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that soybean oil and flaxseed oil are not added, while other conditions remain the same.

[0064] Experiment 1 Experimental Design: Two hundred and fifty crossbred piglets, weaned at 21 days of age, with similar weights (approximately 6.5 ± 0.5 kg) and in good health, were randomly divided into five groups of 50 piglets each. The specific feed for each group was as follows: Comparative Example 1: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 1; Comparative Example 2: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 2; Comparative Example 3: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 3; Comparative Example 4: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 4; Example 5 group: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Example 5.

[0065] All piglets in each group were managed in the same way. The pre-trial period was 3 days to allow the piglets to acclimatize to the environment, and the formal trial period was 28 days. The following indicators were measured in each group during the trial: Growth performance: Fasted animals were weighed at the start of the experiment, on day 14, and on day 28. The daily feed consumption per pen was recorded, and the average daily weight gain (g, ADG), average daily feed intake (g, ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (F / G) were calculated. Diarrhea rate: Observe and record the first episode of diarrhea in each pen of piglets daily; Diarrhea rate (%) = (first episode of diarrhea / (number of piglets × number of days in the experiment)) × 100%; Serum parameters: At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the anterior vena cava of 8 piglets close to their average body weight in each group to detect apparent fat digestibility (%), serum triglycerides (TG, mmol / L), and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C, mmol / L). The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0066] Table 1 Note: Different shoulder marks in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0067] The above experiments show that the piglets in the group described in this invention had the lowest serum triglyceride content, the highest serum high-density lipoprotein content, and the highest apparent fat digestibility, significantly superior to other groups. This indicates that the method described in this invention can significantly improve the piglets' ability to utilize fat and significantly increase their daily weight gain.

[0068] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that astragalus polysaccharide and astragaloside A are not added to the excipients, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0069] Comparative Example 6 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the only excipient is astragalus polysaccharide, while other conditions remain the same.

[0070] Comparative Example 7 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the only excipient is astragaloside A, while other conditions remain the same.

[0071] Comparative Example 8 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the amounts of astragalus polysaccharide and astragaloside A in the excipients are 50 mg of astragalus polysaccharide and 50 mg of astragaloside A, respectively, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0072] Experiment 2 Experimental Design: Two hundred and fifty crossbred piglets, weaned at 21 days of age, with similar weights (approximately 6.5 ± 0.5 kg) and in good health, were randomly divided into five groups of 50 piglets each. The specific feed for each group was as follows: Comparative Example 5: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 5; Comparative Example 6: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 6; Comparative Example 7: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 7; Comparative Example 8: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 8; Example 5 group: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Example 5.

[0073] All piglets in each group were managed in the same way. The pre-trial period was 3 days to allow the piglets to acclimatize to the environment, and the formal trial period was 28 days. The following indicators were measured in each group during the trial: Diarrhea rate: Observe and record the first episode of diarrhea in each pen of piglets daily; Diarrhea rate (%) = (first episode of diarrhea / (number of piglets × number of days in the experiment)) × 100%; Serum parameters: At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the anterior vena cava of 8 piglets close to their average body weight in each group to detect serum inflammatory factors IL-6 (pg / mL), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD, U / mL), and glutathione content (GSH, μmol / L). The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0074] Table 2 Note: Different subscripts in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0075] The experimental data above show that the group of piglets in this invention had the lowest serum inflammatory factors and the highest levels of serum antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH, significantly better than other groups. This indicates that the method of this invention can significantly reduce inflammatory factors in piglets and effectively improve their ability to resist oxidative stress.

[0076] Comparative Example 9 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that bile acids and lipases are not added to the excipients, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0077] Comparative Example 10 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that no lipase is added to the excipients, while other conditions remain the same.

[0078] Comparative Example 11 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that bile acids are not added to the excipients, while other conditions remain the same.

[0079] Experiment 3 Experimental Design: Two hundred crossbred piglets, weaned at 21 days of age, with similar weights (approximately 6.5 ± 0.5 kg) and in good health, were randomly divided into four groups of 50 piglets each. The specific feed for each group was as follows: Comparative Example 9: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 9; Comparative Example 10: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 10; Comparative Example 11: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 11; Example 1 Group: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Example 1.

[0080] All piglets in each group were managed in the same way. The pre-trial period was 3 days to allow the piglets to acclimatize to the environment, and the formal trial period was 28 days. The following indicators were measured in each group during the trial: Growth performance: Fasted animals were weighed at the start of the experiment, on day 14, and on day 28. The daily feed consumption per pen was recorded, and the average daily weight gain (g, ADG), average daily feed intake (g, ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (F / G) were calculated. Diarrhea rate: Observe and record the first episode of diarrhea in each pen of piglets daily; Diarrhea rate (%) = (first episode of diarrhea / (number of piglets × number of days in the experiment)) × 100%; Serum parameters: At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the anterior vena cava of 8 piglets close to their average body weight in each group to detect apparent fat digestibility (%), serum triglycerides (TG, mmol / L), and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C, mmol / L). The experimental results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0081] Table 3 Note: Different shoulder marks in the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0082] Experimental data show that the piglets in the group described in this invention had the lowest serum triglyceride levels, the highest serum high-density lipoprotein levels, and the highest apparent fat digestibility, significantly outperforming other groups. This indicates that the method described in this invention can significantly improve piglets' ability to utilize fat and significantly increase their daily weight gain.

[0083] Comparative Example 12 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that stevia extract and chestnut wood extract are not added to the excipients, while other conditions remain the same. Comparative Example 13 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that stevia extract is not added to the excipients, while other conditions remain the same.

[0084] Comparative Example 14 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that: Astragalus polysaccharide, Stevia extract, and chestnut wood extract are not added to the excipients, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0085] Comparative Example 15 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that bile acids, stevia extract, and chestnut wood extract are not added to the excipients, while other conditions remain unchanged.

[0086] Comparative Example 16 The difference between this embodiment and Example 2 is that lipase, astragaloside A, and stevia extract are not added to the excipients, while other conditions remain the same.

[0087] Experiment 4 Experimental Design: Three hundred crossbred piglets, weaned at 21 days of age, with similar weights (approximately 6.5 ± 0.5 kg) and in good health, were randomly divided into 6 groups of 50 piglets each. The specific feed for each group was as follows: Comparative Example 12: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 12; Comparative Example 13: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 13; Comparative Example 14: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 14; Comparative Example 15: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 15; Comparative Example 16: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Comparative Example 16; Example 2 group: Weaned piglet compound feed prepared in Example 2.

[0088] All piglets in each group were managed in the same way. The pre-trial period was 3 days to allow the piglets to acclimatize to the environment, and the formal trial period was 28 days. The following indicators were measured in each group during the trial: Diarrhea rate: Observe and record the first episode of diarrhea in each pen of piglets daily; Diarrhea rate (%) = (first episode of diarrhea / (number of piglets × number of days in the experiment)) × 100%; Serum parameters: At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the anterior vena cava of 8 piglets close to their average body weight in each group to detect serum inflammatory factors IL-6 (pg / mL), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD, U / mL), and glutathione content (GSH, μmol / L). The experimental results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0089] Table 4 Note: Different subscripts in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0090] The experimental data above show that the group of piglets in this invention had the lowest serum inflammatory factors and the highest levels of serum antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH, significantly better than other groups. This indicates that the method of this invention can significantly reduce inflammatory factors in piglets and effectively improve their ability to resist oxidative stress.

[0091] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A compound feed for weaned piglets, characterized in that: Each ton of the aforementioned weaned piglet compound feed contains the following raw materials by weight: 150-250 kg corn, 200-300 kg broken rice, 100-150 kg soybean meal, 30-50 kg super steamed fish meal, 60-80 kg extruded soybeans, 30-50 kg fermented soybean meal, 30-50 kg peanut meal, 100-150 kg flour, 100-150 kg whey powder, 20-30 kg glucose, 20-30 kg white sugar, 10-15 kg soybean oil, 1-3 kg flaxseed oil, 3-5 kg ​​coconut oil, 10-20 kg calcium formate, 5-15 kg dicalcium phosphate, 10-15 kg amino acids, 3-5 kg ​​vitamin additives, 3-5 kg ​​trace element premix, 5-10 kg compound dietary fiber, and 8-12 kg auxiliary materials. The vitamin additives include vitamin E and vitamin C; the excipients include bile acids, lipase, astragalus polysaccharide, and astragaloside A.

2. The compound feed for weaned piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vitamin additives also include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, and biotin.

3. The compound feed for weaned piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trace element premix includes copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, iodine, sodium selenite, chromium glycine, and cobalt sulfate.

4. The compound feed for weaned piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The complex dietary fiber includes fructooligosaccharides, oat hull dietary fiber, soybean hull dietary fiber, and citrus dietary fiber.

5. The compound feed for weaned piglets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excipients also include stevia extract and chestnut wood extract.

6. A method for preparing a compound feed for weaned piglets as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Grinding: Grind the corn, broken rice, soybean meal and peanut meal and sieve them; (2) Mixing: Weigh the powder and other raw materials from step (1) according to the proportion, mix them evenly to obtain a mixture; (3) Expansion: The mixture from step (2) is expanded and cooked to obtain cooked material; (4) Granulation: Granulate the cooked material from step (3) to obtain particulate matter; (5) Packaging: After cooling and sieving the particles from step (4), vacuum package them to obtain the weaned piglet compound feed.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (1), the crushing is carried out using a hammer mill, and the sieve aperture for sieving is 0.8 to 1.2 mm; in step (2), the mixing is carried out using a horizontal twin-shaft mixer, and the mixing time is 115 to 125 s.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (3), the expansion and maturation treatment is carried out in a saturated steam equipment, with a controlled pressure of 1.8 to 2.2 MPa, an outlet temperature of 93 to 97°C, an expansion time of 12 to 16 seconds, and a starch maturation degree of more than 50%.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (4), the granulation is carried out in a ring die with a pore size of 2.4 to 2.6 mm and a compression ratio of 1: (2.8 to 3.2).

10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (5), the cooling is natural cooling to 25-35°C, and the moisture content of the material after cooling is ≤12.5%; the vacuum degree of the vacuum packaging is 0.09-0.1 MPa.

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