Real-time monitoring and scheduling method for battery of battery changing cabinet

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a battery replacement cabinet battery real-time monitoring and scheduling method, the health state of a battery is analyzed and evaluated according to a preset algorithm model, and the health state of the battery is evaluated by comparing a comprehensive health score, an internal resistance change rate and a capacity fading rate with corresponding threshold values; and determining a corresponding processing mode based on the evaluation result, including generating and sending abnormal alarm information to the operation and maintenance terminal, or executing an adjustable charging mode according to the state of residual electric quantity of the battery, or executing a protective charging mode according to the deterioration degree of the battery, the health state of the battery is actively evaluated to accurately identify an abnormal battery, for example, the electric quantity may be not low but potential safety hazards exist, in advance, so that targeted charging scheduling can be realized. According to the invention, real-time monitoring and active protection of the health and safety state of the battery are realized, so that the operation efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a method for real-time monitoring and scheduling of batteries in a battery swapping cabinet. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly mature battery and battery swapping technologies, many delivery and courier service workers are renting batteries from battery swapping stations. This allows them to directly replace fully charged batteries with fully charged ones at the stations and recharge nearly depleted batteries. The widespread availability of battery swapping stations and replaceable batteries significantly improves the range of electric vehicles and the convenience of battery swapping. However, current battery and battery swapping station systems used in the courier industry still rely on relatively rudimentary methods for managing battery charging, discharging, and cell lifespan. Battery safety and intelligent management are lacking, and maintenance is inadequate, easily leading to chaos and disorder in the use and management of battery swapping stations and batteries.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113872271A discloses a method, system, battery swapping cabinet, and storage medium for scheduling charging resources. The related technical solution obtains the remaining power percentage of multiple batteries connected to the charger. The batteries include batteries to be charged and fully charged batteries. The solution determines the relationship between the remaining power percentage of each battery to be charged and a first threshold. If at least one battery to be charged has a remaining power percentage within a first interval, the battery with the smallest remaining power percentage within the first interval is charged. The first interval is a range less than or equal to the first threshold. While this technical solution discloses a first charging scheduling based on remaining power, it does not address or solve the safety monitoring issues of batteries during charging and use. Relying solely on power scheduling cannot identify internal battery degradation (increased internal resistance, deterioration of active materials), easily leading to the safety hazard of 'normal power but high risk of thermal runaway,' and the one-size-fits-all charging accelerates battery life loss. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address this, the present invention provides a real-time battery monitoring and scheduling method for battery swapping cabinets, which overcomes the problem in the prior art that scheduling is not based on real-time battery health monitoring, safety warnings, and health status, resulting in low safety and intelligence of the battery swapping cabinet system operation and easy damage to the batteries.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for real-time monitoring and scheduling of batteries in a battery swapping cabinet, comprising: Real-time operating parameters of the batteries in the battery swapping cabinet are collected by battery monitoring equipment. These operating parameters include voltage, current, temperature, and the corresponding acquisition time. The real-time operating parameters are uploaded to the cloud server. The cloud server analyzes the real-time operating parameters according to a preset algorithm model to assess the health status of the battery, and determines whether to use the currently collected real-time operating parameters based on the contact resistance of the charging interface obtained by monitoring the battery swapping cabinet. If the cloud server determines that the battery is normal, it will perform an adjustable charging method on the battery based on the comparison result between the remaining power percentage and the remaining power percentage threshold. If the cloud server determines that the battery's health is deteriorating, it will perform a protective charging method on the battery based on the comparison results of the evaluation parameters and the corresponding thresholds. The preset algorithm model is configured to include, A comprehensive health score is calculated based on voltage, current, and temperature data; the internal resistance change rate is calculated based on voltage, current, and time data of the battery under load changes; and the capacity decay rate is calculated based on voltage, current, and time data of the battery during a complete charge. The protective charging method is associated with the evaluation parameter type: when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the comprehensive health score, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current and limit the upper limit of charging; when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the internal resistance change rate, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current; when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the capacity decay rate, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current and extend the charging time.

[0006] Furthermore, the process of assessing the battery health status based on the comparison result between the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold includes: The voltage, current, and temperature collected in real time are normalized to obtain voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score, respectively. The comprehensive health score is obtained by weighted fusion calculation of the voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold.

[0007] Furthermore, the process of assessing the battery health status based on the comparison result of the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold includes: When the battery load changes, the battery terminal voltage and load current are collected at a first time point and a second time point, respectively. The terminal voltage includes the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the load current includes the first load current and the second load current. The DC internal resistance is calculated based on the terminal voltage and the load current, and the rate of change of internal resistance is obtained by calculating the DC internal resistance with the initial internal resistance or historical internal resistance of the battery. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold.

[0008] Furthermore, the process of assessing the battery health status based on the comparison result of the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold includes: During the process of the battery completing one full charge, the charging time and charging current from the initial voltage to full voltage are recorded. The actual charging capacity is calculated based on the charging time and the charging current, and the capacity decay rate is calculated by comparing the actual charging capacity with the nominal capacity of the battery. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold.

[0009] Furthermore, the contact resistance of the charging interface is obtained through the contact resistance monitoring module configured in the battery swapping cabinet; The cloud server also verifies the credibility of the health status assessment results obtained from the analysis based on the comparison between the charging interface contact resistance and the contact resistance threshold. If the contact resistance of the charging interface is greater than the contact resistance threshold, the real-time operating parameters collected this time are determined to be invalid, and the previous valid data is used for health status assessment.

[0010] Furthermore, the protective charging method includes at least one of the following: Reduce the charging current to a conservative current lower than the standard charging current; Limit the upper limit of charging by lowering the charging cut-off voltage to a conservative voltage that is lower than the full charge voltage; Extend the charging time, especially towards the end of the charging process.

[0011] Furthermore, the intensity of the protective charging method is positively correlated with the degree of health status deterioration. Specifically, the more severe the health status deterioration, the greater the reduction in conservative current, the reduction in conservative voltage, or the extension of charging time.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of performing the regulated charging method includes: Obtain the remaining power percentage of each normal battery; The adjustable charging method, which determines a normal health status by comparing the remaining battery percentage with a remaining battery percentage threshold, wherein... If the remaining battery percentage is less than or equal to the remaining battery percentage threshold, the preset charging current is reduced based on the difference in the remaining battery percentage, wherein the difference in the remaining battery percentage is the difference between the remaining battery percentage threshold and the remaining battery percentage. If the remaining battery percentage is greater than the remaining battery percentage threshold, the preset charging current is increased based on the remaining battery percentage offset value, wherein the remaining battery percentage offset value is the difference between the remaining battery percentage and the remaining battery percentage threshold.

[0013] Furthermore, when the preset charging current is reduced, The remaining power percentage difference is periodically calculated, and the preset charging current is reduced based on the comparison result between the remaining power percentage difference and the preset remaining power percentage difference. The reduction of the preset charging current is positively correlated with the remaining power percentage difference. When the preset charging current is increased The remaining battery percentage offset value is periodically calculated, and the preset charging current is increased based on the comparison result between the remaining battery percentage offset value and the preset remaining battery percentage offset value. The increase in the preset charging current is positively correlated with the remaining battery percentage offset value.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes remote monitoring steps: The cloud server pushes the battery's health status, remaining power, and alarm information to the user's terminal application. Users can view the battery information in the battery swapping cabinet in real time and make battery swapping appointments through the application.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet of the present invention are as follows: the cloud server analyzes and evaluates the health status of the batteries according to a preset algorithm model. The algorithm model is configured to perform at least one step: comparing the battery's health status with a comprehensive health score, internal resistance change rate, and capacity decay rate against corresponding thresholds to assess the battery's health status; determining the corresponding processing method based on the assessment results, including: generating and sending abnormal alarm information to the operation and maintenance terminal, or implementing an adjustable charging method based on the battery's remaining charge status, or implementing a protective charging method based on the battery's degree of degradation. By proactively assessing the battery's health status, abnormal batteries, such as those with "potentially high charge levels but hidden safety hazards," can be accurately identified in advance, thereby enabling targeted charging scheduling. Furthermore, during the assessment of the battery's health status, the obtained charging interface contact resistance can be used to assist in the assessment process, improving the accuracy of the assessment. This invention, while managing the scheduling of batteries in the battery swapping cabinet, achieves real-time monitoring and proactive protection of the battery's health and safety status, thereby improving operational efficiency while ensuring safety.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention also compares multiple parameters such as comprehensive health score and comprehensive health score threshold, internal resistance change rate and internal resistance change rate threshold, and capacity decay rate and capacity decay rate threshold to accurately determine the battery health status, thereby adopting different charging scheduling strategies to extend the overall battery pack life and reduce total operating costs.

[0017] Furthermore, when the battery health status is determined to be normal, the present invention can dynamically adjust the preset charging current in the regulated charging mode based on the comparison result of the remaining power percentage and the remaining power percentage threshold, so as to minimize the risk of battery damage and maximize the charging throughput.

[0018] Furthermore, when the battery health status is determined to be deteriorating, the present invention can determine the use of preventive and protective charging methods based on the degree of health status deterioration and different evaluation parameters, thereby achieving refined energy management and reducing battery damage in a "sub-healthy" state. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system modules used to implement the real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in the battery swapping cabinet in this invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the real-time battery monitoring and scheduling method for battery swapping cabinets in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process in this invention for assessing battery health status based on a comparison between a comprehensive health score and a comprehensive health score threshold. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the process in this invention for determining the validity of currently collected real-time operating parameters by comparing the charging interface contact resistance with the contact resistance threshold. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shows a system module schematic for implementing the real-time battery monitoring and scheduling method in the battery swapping cabinet in this embodiment. The system includes a battery swapping cabinet, several batteries to be charged, a battery monitoring device, a cloud server, an operation and maintenance terminal, and a user terminal application. The battery monitoring device collects real-time operating parameters of the batteries to be charged in the battery swapping cabinet. The cloud server is connected to the battery monitoring device, the operation and maintenance terminal, and the battery swapping cabinet to obtain the real-time operating parameters corresponding to each battery, analyze the real-time operating parameters according to a preset algorithm model to assess the battery's health status, perform auxiliary judgment based on the charging interface contact resistance obtained from monitoring the battery swapping cabinet, generate abnormal alarm information and send it to the operation and maintenance terminal when an abnormality is detected in the battery, and execute a protective charging mode when the battery is determined to be normally performing a regulating charging mode or its health status is deteriorating.

[0024] Please see Figure 2 As shown, this is a flowchart illustrating the real-time battery monitoring and scheduling method for the battery swapping cabinet in this embodiment. The process includes at least the following steps: S1: Collect real-time operating parameters of several batteries to be charged in the battery swapping cabinet through battery monitoring equipment. The operating parameters include voltage, current, temperature and the time corresponding to the collection. S2: Upload the real-time operating parameters to the cloud server. The cloud server analyzes the real-time operating parameters according to the preset algorithm model to evaluate the health status of the battery, and determines whether to use the currently collected real-time operating parameters based on the charging interface contact resistance obtained by monitoring the battery swapping cabinet. S3: If the cloud server determines that the battery is normal, it will perform an adjustable charging method on the battery based on the comparison result of the remaining power percentage and the remaining power percentage threshold. S4: If the cloud server determines that the battery's health is deteriorating, it will perform a protective charging method on the battery based on the comparison results of the evaluation parameters and the corresponding thresholds. The preset algorithm model is configured to include at least one of the following: S21: Calculate the comprehensive health score in the evaluation parameters based on dynamic data of voltage, current and temperature, and evaluate the health status of the battery based on the comparison results of the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold. S22: The internal resistance change rate in the evaluation parameters is calculated based on the dynamic data of voltage, current and time corresponding to the battery under load changes. The health status of the battery is evaluated based on the comparison results of the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold. S23: The capacity decay rate in the evaluation parameters is calculated based on the dynamic data of voltage, current and time corresponding to a complete charge of the battery. The health status of the battery is evaluated based on the comparison result of the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold.

[0025] In this embodiment, the battery monitoring device includes one or more of a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor; the contact resistance detection module includes a high-precision four-wire measurement circuit and a dedicated contact impedance detection chip. Before charging begins or during charging intervals, the contact resistance detection module monitors the battery swapping cabinet to obtain the contact resistance of the charging interface.

[0026] Please see Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the process for evaluating battery health status based on the comparison of comprehensive health score and comprehensive health score threshold in this embodiment.

[0027] Specifically, in step S21, the process of assessing the battery health status based on the comparison result between the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold includes: The voltage, current, and temperature collected in real time are normalized to obtain voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score, respectively. The comprehensive health score is obtained by weighted fusion calculation of the voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold.

[0028] In this embodiment, normalization involves defining a health function for each parameter. This function describes the mapping relationship between the parameter value and its health score. Based on the corresponding health function, the voltage health score, current health score, or temperature health score is calculated. The temperature health score is crucial for battery life and safety, and its health function is set as a "trapezoidal" or "peak-shaped" function. The score is highest within the optimal temperature range, and the score decreases linearly when deviating from this range. The voltage health score mainly focuses on whether the voltage is within a safe and normal range. Its health function is set as a "plateau" function. The score is high within the normal voltage range, and the score drops sharply when there is overvoltage or undervoltage. The current health score usually focuses on whether there is an abnormally large charging or discharging current. Its health function is set as a "decreasing" function. The larger the absolute value of the current, the lower the score.

[0029] For example, taking a single lithium-ion battery as an example, the temperature health score is determined as follows: the upper limit of the optimal temperature is 35℃, the lower limit of the optimal temperature is 15℃, the minimum allowable temperature is 0℃, and the maximum allowable temperature is 50℃. If the measured temperature is less than or equal to 0℃ or greater than or equal to 50℃, the temperature health score is 0 points; if the measured temperature is ∈ [15℃, 35℃], the temperature health score is 100 points (full marks); if the measured temperature is greater than 35℃ and less than 50℃, the temperature health score linearly decreases from 100 points to 0 points. For example, taking a single lithium-ion battery as an example, the voltage health score is determined as follows: the lower limit of normal voltage is 3.2V, the upper limit of normal voltage is 4.2V, the critical undervoltage is 2.8V, and the critical overvoltage is 4.5V. If the measured voltage is less than or equal to 2.8V or greater than or equal to 4.5V, the voltage health score is 0. If the measured voltage is within [3.2V, 4.2V], the voltage health score is 100. If the measured voltage is greater than 4.2V and less than 4.5V, the voltage health score drops linearly from 100 to 0. For example, taking a single lithium-ion battery as an example, the current health score is determined. The corresponding safe current is 1C (the current of the battery capacity value), and the critical dangerous current is 2C. If the measured absolute value of the current is greater than or equal to 2C, the current health score is 0. If the measured absolute value of the current is ∈ [0, 1C], the current health score is 100. If the absolute value of the current is greater than 1C and less than 2C, the current health score drops linearly from 100 to 0.

[0030] Therefore, normal range thresholds and critical thresholds can be preset for each battery parameter (including voltage, current, and temperature). When the parameter value is within the normal range threshold, its corresponding single-item health score is full; when the parameter value exceeds the normal range threshold but does not reach the critical threshold, its corresponding single-item health score drops linearly from full to zero; when the parameter value reaches or exceeds the critical threshold, its corresponding single-item health score is zero.

[0031] In this embodiment, according to the formula Calculate the comprehensive health score ,in, , as well as These are the weighting coefficients for voltage, current, and temperature, respectively. , , These are respectively the voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score, among which... Then set a comprehensive health score. Corresponding comprehensive health score threshold Based on the comprehensive health score With comprehensive health score threshold The comparison results are used to assess the battery's health status and determine if any abnormalities have occurred. Multiple experiments are conducted on different battery models, and subsequent thresholds are determined by combining historical analysis data and industry standards.

[0032] It should be noted that the weighted fusion algorithm described in this invention is technically sound based on the inherent physical correlation between various parameters of the battery system. In practical applications, the battery's voltage, current, and temperature are not completely independent variables, but rather mutually coupled and influential. This invention addresses this by setting parameter veto items or minimum individual threshold values, such as explicitly specifying 'when any individual health score...' , , When the score is below the corresponding preset absolute threshold, regardless of the overall health score Anything that is too high is directly judged as abnormal, and the inherent correlation between the above parameters is sufficient to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation results.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, to more accurately assess the health status of the battery, a comprehensive health score threshold can be used. Classified as the first comprehensive health score threshold Second comprehensive health score threshold For example, a first comprehensive health score threshold is set. A score of 60 is the second comprehensive health score threshold. A score of 80, based on a comprehensive health score. Compared with the first comprehensive health score threshold With the second comprehensive health score threshold The process of comparing batteries to assess their health includes: if If the battery malfunctions, the cloud server will generate an 'emergency fault' alarm and send it to the maintenance terminal. Simultaneously, before the battery is retrieved, it will be locked in a disabled state in the battery swapping cabinet to prevent the user from swapping it. If the battery's health is determined to be deteriorating, the cloud server will send a 'maintenance reminder' message to the operations and maintenance management platform, mark the battery's status in the system as 'sub-healthy,' execute a protective charging mode, and recommend that maintenance personnel prioritize replacement to achieve predictive maintenance; if... If the battery is healthy, an adjustable charging method will be implemented based on the remaining battery power.

[0034] It is understandable that the aforementioned comprehensive health score thresholds can be adjusted within a reasonable range based on different battery types, such as lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium, operating costs, and service level agreements. For example, the first comprehensive health score threshold... (Sub-health / abnormality threshold) can be selected from (50 points, 70 points), the second comprehensive health score threshold. (Health / Sub-health dividing line) can be selected from (70 points, 85 points).

[0035] Specifically, in step S22, the process of assessing the battery health status based on the comparison result of the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold includes: When the battery load changes, the battery terminal voltage and load current are collected at a first time point and a second time point, respectively. The terminal voltage includes the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the load current includes the first load current and the second load current. The DC internal resistance is calculated based on the terminal voltage and the load current, and the rate of change of internal resistance is obtained by calculating the DC internal resistance with the initial internal resistance or historical internal resistance of the battery. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold.

[0036] In this embodiment, the terminal voltage and load current are collected when the load changes due to battery charging or discharging. The first terminal voltage and first load current correspond to a first time point, and the second terminal voltage and second load current correspond to a second time point. The voltage change between the first and second time points is calculated. and change in current And then according to the formula The DC internal resistance was calculated. Then according to the formula The rate of change of internal resistance was calculated. ,in, The battery's initial internal resistance is set at the factory or is a historical internal resistance calculated previously; then, an internal resistance change rate threshold corresponding to the rate of change of internal resistance is set. According to the rate of change of internal resistance With the threshold of the rate of change of internal resistance The comparison results are used to assess the health status of the battery and determine whether the battery is abnormal.

[0037] In one specific embodiment, to more accurately assess the battery's health status, an internal resistance change rate threshold can be used. Classified as the first internal resistance change rate threshold Second internal resistance change rate threshold exemplary settings It is 18%. It is 50%, based on the rate of change of internal resistance. Compared with the first internal resistance change rate threshold Second internal resistance change rate threshold The process of comparing batteries to assess their health includes: if If the battery is normal, then the charging method will be adjusted according to the remaining battery power; otherwise... If the battery's health is deemed to be deteriorating, the cloud server will send a 'maintenance reminder' message to the operations and maintenance management platform, mark the battery's status in the system as 'sub-healthy,' and execute a protective charging method. It is recommended that operations and maintenance personnel prioritize replacement to achieve predictive maintenance. If the battery is found to be faulty, the cloud server will generate an 'emergency fault' alarm and send it to the maintenance terminal. At the same time, before the battery is retrieved, it will be locked in a disabled state in the battery swapping cabinet to prevent the user from swapping it.

[0038] It is understandable that the aforementioned internal resistance change rate thresholds can be adjusted within a reasonable range based on different battery types (such as lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium), application scenarios, and requirements. For example, the first internal resistance change rate threshold... The (health threshold) can be selected from (15%, 35%), and the second internal resistance change rate threshold is also available. The fault threshold can be selected from (40%, 60%).

[0039] Specifically, in step S23, the process of assessing the battery health status based on the comparison result of the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold includes: During the process of the battery completing one full charge, the charging time and charging current from the initial voltage to full voltage are recorded. The actual charging capacity is calculated based on the charging time and the charging current, and the capacity decay rate is calculated by comparing the actual charging capacity with the nominal capacity of the battery. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold.

[0040] In this embodiment, the charging time is calculated. and charging current And then according to the formula The actual filling capacity was calculated. Then according to the formula The capacity decay rate was calculated. ,in, Set the battery's nominal capacity; then set a value related to the capacity decay rate. Corresponding capacity decay rate threshold According to the capacity decay rate With capacity decay rate threshold The comparison results are used to assess the health status of the battery and determine whether the battery is abnormal.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, to more accurately assess the health status of the battery, a capacity decay rate threshold can be used. Classified as the first capacity decay rate threshold Second capacity decay rate threshold For example, a first capacity decay rate threshold is set. The second capacity decay rate threshold is 60%. It is 80%, based on the capacity decay rate. Compared with the first capacity decay rate threshold Second capacity decay rate threshold The process of comparing batteries to assess their health includes: if If the battery malfunctions, the cloud server will generate an 'emergency fault' alarm and send it to the maintenance terminal. Simultaneously, before the battery is retrieved, it will be locked in a disabled state in the battery swapping cabinet to prevent the user from swapping it. If the battery's health is deteriorating and its capacity has significantly decreased, but it is still usable, the cloud server will send a 'maintenance reminder' message to the operations and maintenance management platform and mark the battery's status in the system as 'sub-healthy,' executing a protective charging method and recommending that operations and maintenance personnel prioritize replacement to achieve predictive maintenance; if... If the battery is determined to be normal, an adjustable charging method will be executed based on the remaining battery power.

[0042] Understandably, the aforementioned capacity degradation rate thresholds can be adjusted within a reasonable range based on different battery types, such as lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium, application scenarios, and requirements. For example, the first capacity degradation rate threshold... The (anomaly detection threshold) can be selected from (50%, 70%), and the second capacity decay rate threshold is... The degradation warning threshold can be selected from (70%, 85%).

[0043] Please see Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the process in this embodiment for determining the validity of currently collected real-time operating parameters based on a comparison between the charging interface contact resistance and a contact resistance threshold. Specifically, in step S2, the charging interface contact resistance is obtained through the contact resistance monitoring module configured in the battery swapping cabinet. The cloud server also verifies the credibility of the health status assessment results obtained from the analysis based on the comparison results of the charging interface contact resistance and the contact resistance threshold. If the charging interface contact resistance is greater than the contact resistance threshold, the real-time operating parameters collected this time are determined to be invalid, and the previous valid data is used for health status assessment.

[0044] In this embodiment, the contact resistance detection module is connected to the charging interface and configured to apply a test current. It calculates the contact resistance by measuring the voltage drop across the contacts during charging and combining this with the charging current. A contact resistance threshold F0 corresponding to the charging interface contact resistance F is set. The process of comparing the charging interface contact resistance F with the contact resistance threshold F0 to verify the reliability is as follows: If F is less than or equal to F0, it indicates that the battery charging contacts are making normal contact with the battery swapping cabinet contacts, and the real-time operating parameters collected this time are valid data. If F is greater than F0, it indicates that the contact resistance of the detected battery compartment is abnormally increased, which will cause the voltage reading to rise abnormally during charging. Therefore, the real-time operating parameters currently monitored are abnormal, and the real-time operating parameters collected this time are determined to be invalid. The real-time operating parameters collected last time are used as valid data for health status assessment.

[0045] Specifically, in step S4, the protective charging method includes: Reduce the charging current to a conservative current lower than the standard charging current; Limit the upper limit of charging by lowering the charging cut-off voltage to a conservative voltage that is lower than the full charge voltage; Extend the charging time, especially towards the end of the charging process; Preferably, if the battery is determined to be in a state of deterioration based on the comprehensive health score, the protective charging method is to reduce the charging current and limit the charging upper limit; If the battery is determined to be in a state of deterioration based on the rate of change of internal resistance, the protective charging method is to reduce the charging current. If the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the capacity decay rate, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current and extend the charging time.

[0046] The reason for choosing to reduce the charging current when the internal resistance change rate is to determine the degradation is that the increase in internal resistance leads to an increase in the charging and discharging heat generation power (I²R). Reducing the charging current can directly suppress the temperature rise and avoid the risk of thermal runaway.

[0047] Overall Health Score It is a multi-dimensional comprehensive indicator that takes into account voltage, current, and temperature simultaneously. When based on a comprehensive health score... When battery degradation is identified, it usually indicates a complex, systemic aging process, rather than a single fault. In this case, reducing the charging current and limiting the charging upper limit keeps the positive and negative electrode materials within a more stable electrochemical window, significantly extending the battery's cycle life and improving safety.

[0048] When battery degradation is determined based on the rate of change of internal resistance, it mainly indicates a decrease in the battery's "conductivity" and an increase in "heating tendency," reflecting the obstruction of the ion and electron conduction paths inside the battery. At this time, reducing the charging current will significantly reduce ohmic heat and improve charging efficiency.

[0049] When based on capacity decay rate When a battery is deemed to be deteriorating, the positive electrode active material (such as LiCoO2) falls off, reducing the lithium-ion insertion channels. In this case, reducing the charging current and extending the charging time can make lithium ions more evenly insert into the remaining active sites, thereby extending the battery's cycle life.

[0050] In this embodiment, if the current battery health is determined to be deteriorating, a protective charging method different from the charging strategy for normal batteries should be adopted to extend the battery's lifespan and ensure safety. In this protective charging method, a comprehensive health score is used... When determining battery degradation, simultaneously reducing both the charging current and the charging limit is chosen to protect the battery from both current and voltage perspectives, maximizing the safety margin; based on the rate of change of internal resistance... When determining battery degradation, reduce the charging current to fundamentally reduce heat generation, prevent overheating, and alleviate internal stress; based on the capacity decay rate... When battery degradation is determined, a gentler charging method that simultaneously reduces charging current and extends charging time is chosen, as it is more suitable for the chemical characteristics of aging batteries and slows down capacity decay. Users are given priority access to fully charged, healthy batteries, while degraded batteries are used as backup backups.

[0051] Specifically, the intensity of the protective charging method is positively correlated with the degree of health status deterioration. The more severe the health status deterioration, the greater the reduction in conservative current, the reduction in conservative voltage, or the extension of charging time.

[0052] In this embodiment, different evaluation parameters are used, including comprehensive health scores. Rate of change of internal resistance and capacity decay rate Different charging strategies and amplitude adjustment settings are available for protective charging methods. The standard charging current is a rated current value when using protective charging methods, and the standard full-charge voltage is a rated voltage value when using protective charging methods. Both are related to the rated capacity of the battery. For example, the standard charging current is set to 1.5A and the standard full-charge voltage is set to 4.2V.

[0053] For example, if based on a comprehensive health score When determining battery degradation, for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 0.7A, and the standard full-charge voltage is reduced to a conservative voltage of 3.75V; for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.1A, and the standard full-charge voltage is reduced to a conservative voltage of 4.05V; for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.3A, and the standard full-charge voltage is reduced to a conservative voltage of 4.15V.

[0054] For example, if based on the rate of change of internal resistance When determining battery degradation, for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.35A; for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.0A; for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 0.75A.

[0055] For example, if based on capacity decay rate When determining battery degradation, for At this time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 0.75A, and at the end of the charging process, it is switched to trickle current or pulse current and the charging time is extended by 10 minutes; for At that time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.08A, extending the charging time by 7 minutes; for At this time, the standard charging current is reduced to a conservative current of 1.25A, extending the charging time by 4 minutes.

[0056] Specifically, in step S3, the process of executing the adjustable charging method includes: Obtain the remaining power percentage of each normal battery; The adjustable charging method, which determines a normal health status by comparing the remaining battery percentage with a remaining battery percentage threshold, wherein... If the remaining battery percentage is less than or equal to the remaining battery percentage threshold, the preset charging current is reduced based on the difference in the remaining battery percentage, wherein the difference in the remaining battery percentage is the difference between the remaining battery percentage threshold and the remaining battery percentage. If the remaining battery percentage is greater than the remaining battery percentage threshold, the preset charging current is increased based on the remaining battery percentage offset value, wherein the remaining battery percentage offset value is the difference between the remaining battery percentage and the remaining battery percentage threshold.

[0057] In this embodiment, when charging a normal battery, the appropriate adjustable charging method can be determined based on the comparison between the remaining battery percentage M and the corresponding remaining battery percentage threshold M0. For example, M0 = 60%. The process of determining the adjustable charging method by comparing M and M0 is as follows: If M is less than or equal to M0, the preset charging current is reduced to prevent excessive charging current from damaging the current battery, which is in line with the principle of safety first. If M is greater than M0, the preset charging current is increased to quickly convert the battery into a usable "fully charged battery" for battery swapping service, thereby improving the overall operational efficiency of the battery swapping station.

[0058] Specifically, when it is determined that the preset charging current needs to be reduced, the remaining battery percentage difference is calculated periodically, and the preset charging current is reduced based on the comparison between the remaining battery percentage difference and the preset remaining battery percentage difference. The reduction in the preset charging current is positively correlated with the remaining battery percentage difference. When it is determined that the preset charging current needs to be increased, the remaining battery percentage offset value is calculated periodically, and the preset charging current is increased based on the comparison between the remaining battery percentage offset value and the preset remaining battery percentage offset value. The increase in the preset charging current is positively correlated with the remaining battery percentage offset value.

[0059] In this embodiment, the remaining power percentage difference Q is the difference between the remaining power percentage threshold M0 and the remaining power percentage M. When the remaining current percentage difference Q is larger, the remaining power percentage M is smaller. Because the current battery power is very low, a small current is used to "activate" and protect the battery first. The current is increased after the voltage recovers. Therefore, the preset charging current needs to be as small as possible within a reasonable range. After the remaining current percentage M increases, the preset charging current is gradually increased.

[0060] The remaining current percentage offset value W is the difference between the remaining power percentage M and the remaining power percentage threshold M0. When the remaining current percentage offset value W is larger, the remaining power percentage M is larger, because it has a high power level and can withstand a larger current, so it can be fully charged as quickly as possible. Therefore, the preset charging current needs to be larger within a reasonable range.

[0061] The preset charging current is a rated current value when using an adjustable charging method. It is related to the rated capacity of the battery. For example, the original preset charging current I0 = 2.5A can be set.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, to more accurately determine the reduction range of the preset charging current I0, the preset remaining battery percentage difference Q0 can be divided into a first preset remaining battery percentage difference Q1 and a second preset remaining battery percentage difference Q2. For example, Q1 = 10% and Q2 = 20%. The process of comparing the remaining battery percentage difference Q0 with the first preset remaining battery percentage difference Q1 and the second preset remaining battery percentage difference Q2 to determine the reduction range of the preset charging current is as follows: If Q is less than or equal to Q1, the original I0 remains unchanged; if Q is greater than Q1 and less than or equal to Q2, the original I0 is reduced by 15%; if Q is greater than Q2, the original I0 is reduced by 30%. Understandably, the reduction can also be set to other reasonable values, for example, when Q is greater than Q2, the reduction can be set to 35%.

[0063] In a specific embodiment, in order to more accurately determine the increase of the preset charging current I0, the preset remaining current percentage offset value W0 can be divided into a first preset remaining current percentage offset value W1 and a second preset remaining current percentage offset value W2. For example, W1=15% and W2=25%. The process of comparing the remaining current percentage offset value W with the first preset remaining current percentage offset value W1 and the second preset remaining current percentage offset value W2 to determine the increase of the preset charging current is as follows: If W is less than or equal to W1, the original I0 remains unchanged; if W is greater than W1 and less than or equal to W2, the original I0 is increased by 20%; if W is greater than W2, the original I0 is increased by 40%. Understandably, the increase can also be set to other reasonable values, for example, when W is greater than W2, the increase can be set to 45%.

[0064] Specifically, it also includes remote monitoring step S5: The cloud server pushes the battery's health status, remaining power, and alarm information to the user's terminal application; the user can view the battery information in the battery swapping cabinet in real time and make a battery swapping reservation through the application.

[0065] It is understood that the information push and user terminal application described in step S5 above can be implemented in any of the existing technologies, as long as they have the above functions, and will not be elaborated here.

[0066] The test was conducted based on the charging interface contact resistance verification given in this embodiment, and the experimental data are provided in Table 1 for the test based solely on power scheduling and the test based on no charging interface contact resistance verification.

[0067] Table 1. Comparative experimental data of the examples Test group Battery failure rate (500 cycles) Capacity retention rate after 1000 cycles Fully charged battery supply efficiency Contact resistance verification 2% 75% 90% Based solely on power dispatch 15% 50% 70% Non-contact resistance verification 8% 62% 80%

[0068] As can be clearly seen from Table 1, this invention ensures that the accuracy of real-time operating parameters is improved to over 95% through "contact resistance verification," providing a reliable data foundation for three-dimensional evaluation parameters; through "targeted charging strategies," the lifespan of degraded batteries is extended by 15%-20%, while the supply efficiency of fully charged batteries is improved by 20%, achieving a balance between safety and efficiency.

[0069] Any technologies not mentioned in the above embodiments are applicable to existing technologies.

[0070] It is understood that no specific limitation is made to any preset parameter or critical parameter in the embodiments of the present invention, and the above values ​​are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make corresponding adjustments to the preset parameters or critical parameters according to actual needs, analysis of historical data, or equipment usage.

[0071] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring and scheduling of batteries in a battery swapping cabinet, characterized in that, include: Real-time operating parameters of the batteries in the battery swapping cabinet are collected by battery monitoring equipment. These operating parameters include voltage, current, temperature, and the corresponding acquisition time. The real-time operating parameters are uploaded to the cloud server. The cloud server analyzes the real-time operating parameters according to a preset algorithm model to assess the health status of the battery, and determines whether to use the currently collected real-time operating parameters based on the contact resistance of the charging interface obtained by monitoring the battery swapping cabinet. If the cloud server determines that the battery is normal, it will perform an adjustable charging method on the battery based on the comparison result between the remaining power percentage and the remaining power percentage threshold. If the cloud server determines that the battery's health is deteriorating, it will perform a protective charging method on the battery based on the comparison results of the evaluation parameters and the corresponding thresholds. The preset algorithm model is configured to include, A comprehensive health score is calculated based on voltage, current, and temperature data; the internal resistance change rate is calculated based on voltage, current, and time data of the battery under load changes; and the capacity decay rate is calculated based on voltage, current, and time data of the battery during a complete charge. The protective charging method is associated with the evaluation parameter type: when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the comprehensive health score, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current and limit the upper limit of charging; when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the internal resistance change rate, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current; when the battery is determined to be in a state of degradation based on the capacity decay rate, the protective charging method selects to reduce the charging current and extend the charging time.

2. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of assessing battery health status based on the comparison between the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold includes: The voltage, current, and temperature collected in real time are normalized to obtain voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score, respectively. The comprehensive health score is obtained by weighted fusion calculation of the voltage health score, current health score, and temperature health score. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the comprehensive health score and the comprehensive health score threshold.

3. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of assessing battery health status based on the comparison between the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold includes: When the battery load changes, the battery terminal voltage and load current are collected at a first time point and a second time point, respectively. The terminal voltage includes the first terminal voltage and the second terminal voltage, and the load current includes the first load current and the second load current. The DC internal resistance is calculated based on the terminal voltage and the load current, and the rate of change of internal resistance is obtained by calculating the DC internal resistance with the initial internal resistance or historical internal resistance of the battery. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the internal resistance change rate and the internal resistance change rate threshold.

4. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of assessing battery health based on the comparison between the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold includes: During the process of the battery completing one full charge, the charging time and charging current from the initial voltage to full voltage are recorded. The actual charging capacity is calculated based on the charging time and the charging current, and the capacity decay rate is calculated by comparing the actual charging capacity with the nominal capacity of the battery. The battery is determined to be abnormal based on the comparison between the capacity decay rate and the capacity decay rate threshold.

5. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact resistance of the charging interface is obtained through the contact resistance monitoring module configured in the battery swapping cabinet; The cloud server also verifies the credibility of the health status assessment results obtained from the analysis based on the comparison between the charging interface contact resistance and the contact resistance threshold. If the contact resistance of the charging interface is greater than the contact resistance threshold, the real-time operating parameters collected this time are determined to be invalid, and the previous valid data is used for health status assessment.

6. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective charging method includes: Reduce the charging current to a conservative current lower than the standard charging current; Limit the upper limit of charging by lowering the charging cut-off voltage to a conservative voltage that is lower than the full charge voltage; Extend the charging time, especially towards the end of the charging process.

7. The real-time battery monitoring and scheduling method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intensity of the protective charging method is positively correlated with the degree of health status deterioration. Specifically, the more severe the health status deterioration, the greater the reduction in conservative current, the reduction in conservative voltage, or the extension of charging time.

8. The real-time battery monitoring and scheduling method for battery swapping cabinets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing the aforementioned adjustable charging method includes: Obtain the remaining power percentage of each normal battery; The adjustable charging method, which determines a normal health status by comparing the remaining battery percentage with a remaining battery percentage threshold, wherein... If the remaining battery percentage is less than or equal to the remaining battery percentage threshold, the preset charging current is reduced based on the difference in the remaining battery percentage, wherein the difference in the remaining battery percentage is the difference between the remaining battery percentage threshold and the remaining battery percentage. If the remaining battery percentage is greater than the remaining battery percentage threshold, the preset charging current is increased based on the remaining battery percentage offset value, wherein the remaining battery percentage offset value is the difference between the remaining battery percentage and the remaining battery percentage threshold.

9. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the preset charging current is reduced, The remaining power percentage difference is periodically calculated, and the preset charging current is reduced based on the comparison result between the remaining power percentage difference and the preset remaining power percentage difference. The reduction of the preset charging current is positively correlated with the remaining power percentage difference. When the preset charging current is increased The remaining battery percentage offset value is periodically calculated, and the preset charging current is increased based on the comparison result between the remaining battery percentage offset value and the preset remaining battery percentage offset value. The increase in the preset charging current is positively correlated with the remaining battery percentage offset value.

10. The real-time monitoring and scheduling method for batteries in a battery swapping cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes remote monitoring steps: The cloud server pushes the battery's health status, remaining power, and alarm information to the user's terminal application. Users can view the battery information in the battery swapping cabinet in real time and make battery swapping appointments through the application.

Images