Morchella exogenous nutrition bag with corn as main material as well as preparation method and application of morchella exogenous nutrition bag

Abstract

The invention discloses a toadstool exogenous nutrition bag with corn as a main material and a preparation method and application of the toadstool exogenous nutrition bag, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. The toadstool exogenous nutrition bag provided by the invention comprises wheat, corn in a semi-crushed state and rice husks in a mass ratio of 1: 2. Experimental results show that when the exogenous nutrition bag is used for producing morchella esculenta, the time for hyphae to overgrow the exogenous nutrition bag can be shortened, infectious microbe breeding is reduced, and morchella esculenta can be fruiting in advance; the yield of the morchella esculenta can be greatly increased, and the highest average yield can reach 270.8 kg / 667 m < 2 > under the cold greenhouse condition and is greatly increased compared with the common yield of 100 kg / 667 m < 2 > in the local area. A new exogenous nutrition bag is provided for low-cost and high-efficiency production of morchella esculenta, wheat is replaced with corn, the replacement rate is 66.67%, the food safety pressure is relieved, and the method has wider applicability; the yield of the morchella esculenta can be remarkably increased, and the method has outstanding popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, and in particular to a corn-based exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Morel mushrooms (Morchella spp.) are a type of rare edible and medicinal fungus with significant economic and scientific research value. They are named for their caps, which resemble a sheep's stomach. Morels are rich in nutrients, containing not only various essential vitamins and amino acids but also unique flavor amino acids, giving them both a pleasant aroma and a delicious, mellow taste. As early as 1883, researchers cultivated morel ascocarps outdoors, and by the 1980s, indoor commercial cultivation of morels was achieved. Thanks to the continuous maturation of exogenous nutrient bag technology for morels, the domestic morel cultivation industry has ushered in a wave of large-scale development.

[0003] Currently, domestic morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bags generally utilize wheat as the carbon and nitrogen source, and sawdust and rice husks as fillers. This leads to several prominent problems for the morel mushroom industry: First, wheat is a staple food, and with the expansion of morel mushroom production, it may create a situation where morel mushrooms compete with humans for food; second, the relatively high price of wheat keeps the production cost of morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bags consistently high; third, using whole wheat grains to produce exogenous nutrient bags requires mycelium to consume a certain amount of energy and time to extend into the wheat to obtain nutrients, resulting in a longer time required for mycelium to fully colonize the nutrient bag and form a dominant species, which may lead to the proliferation of other competing fungi and affect morel mushroom yield.

[0004] Therefore, it is crucial to develop a low-cost exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms that avoids over-reliance on wheat. This invention aims to achieve the dual goals of reducing costs and increasing yield by optimizing the composition of the exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms, thereby alleviating pressure on food security to some extent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag with corn as the main ingredient, its preparation method, and its application, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag provided by this invention includes wheat and semi-crushed corn in a mass ratio of 1:2, and rice husks accounting for 80% of the nutrient bag volume; it provides a new exogenous nutrient bag for low-cost and high-efficiency production of morel mushrooms, replacing wheat with corn at a substitution rate of 66.67%, reducing the pressure on food security, and has wider applicability; it can also significantly increase morel mushroom yield and has outstanding promotional value.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] This invention provides a morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag with corn as the main material, wherein the morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag includes wheat, corn and rice husks;

[0008] The mass ratio of the wheat to the corn is 1:2.

[0009] Furthermore, the rice husks account for 80% of the volume of the morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The corn is crushed and soaked to obtain the processed corn.

[0012] The soaked wheat, the treated corn, and the rice husks are mixed evenly to obtain a homogeneous mixture;

[0013] The mixture is mixed with lime, stirred evenly, water is added, and stirred until the humidity reaches 60%. The mixture is then bagged, sterilized at high temperature, and cooled to obtain the exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms.

[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the lime to the mixed material is 1:100.

[0015] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms in the cultivation and production of morel mushrooms.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating morel mushrooms, which includes the step of adding the above-mentioned exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms after sowing morel mushrooms.

[0017] Furthermore, the morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag was added 15 days after the morel mushrooms were sown.

[0018] Furthermore, based on the mass of corn in the morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag, the amount of morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag added is 300 kg / 667 m³. 2 .

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes the following steps:

[0020] The process includes setting up sheds, sowing, mulching, field management during the nutrient period, bud induction, field management and harvesting during the reproductive growth period.

[0021] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0022] The exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms provided by this invention comprises wheat and semi-crushed corn in a 1:2 mass ratio, and rice husks occupying 80% of the bag's volume. Experimental results show that using the exogenous nutrient bag provided by this invention to produce morel mushrooms can shorten the time it takes for the morel mycelium to fully colonize the bag, reduce the growth of other microorganisms, and promote earlier fruiting. It can also significantly increase morel mushroom yield, with a maximum average yield of 270.8 kg / 667 m³. 2 Compared to 100 kg / 667 m in this region 2 The yield of morel mushrooms has increased significantly. This invention provides a new exogenous nutrient bag for the low-cost and high-efficiency production of morel mushrooms, replacing wheat with corn at a rate of 66.67%, thus alleviating food security pressure and having wider applicability; it can also significantly increase the yield of morel mushrooms, and has outstanding promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 Images showing the changes in the appearance of morel mycelium at different stages;

[0025] Figure 2 Statistical graphs of morel biomass (a), grain consumption (b), and grain conversion rate (c) in the main culture medium of exogenous nutrient bags with different corn and wheat mass ratios;

[0026] Figure 3 Statistical graphs of morel biomass (a), grain consumption (b), and grain conversion rate (c) in the main culture medium of exogenous nutrient bag models with different amounts of corn and wheat added;

[0027] Figure 4 Main effect plot of the number of bags added per unit area (a), corn substitution rate (b), and amount of cereal added (c) on morel yield;

[0028] Figure 5 Photo showing the harvesting status of the Seven Sister Morel strain G10;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a picture showing the harvesting of the G5 strain of morel mushroom. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0032] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0033] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0034] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] 1. Experimental Materials

[0037] The tested type 6 morel mushrooms were provided by Chongqing Meizai Fungi Industry Co., Ltd.; corn, wheat, and rice husks were all commercially available products; agar powder was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd., and PDA powder was purchased from Shanghai Bowei Microbial Technology Co., Ltd.

[0038] 2. Test Methods

[0039] 2.1 Effects of different corn and wheat mass ratios of exogenous nutrient bag modules on mycelial biomass of the main culture medium

[0040] Following the method of Liu Qizheng et al. (Liu Qizheng, Qu Shan, Tan Fanghe, et al. Influencing factors of exogenous nutrition in morel mushrooms [J]. Acta Mycologica Sinica, 2021, 40(12):3157-3168.), an exogenous nutrient bag model for morel mushrooms was simulated. 15-20 mL of 1 / 5 PDA medium (PDB liquid medium stock solution diluted 5 times and 2% agar added) was sterilized and poured into 90 mm petri dishes. After solidification, it was used as the main culture medium. Different weights of corn (crushed to destroy the corn kernel structure, i.e., coarse particles broken, and passed through a 5-8 mesh sieve) and wheat (collectively referred to as "grains") were accurately weighed (within 5% error) and poured into 60 mm petri dishes. 10 mL of 2% agar was added for fixation, and the mixture was sterilized for later use. When sclerotia began to appear in the main culture medium (around 15 days), an exogenous nutrient bag module was added, and the mixture was cultured at 20℃ for 30 days.

[0041] The experimental setup for the grain mass ratio in the exogenous nutrient bag is shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1. Experimental Design of Grain Mass Ratio

[0043]

[0044] 2.2 Effects of different amounts of exogenous nutrient bag modules added with corn and wheat on mycelial biomass of the main culture medium

[0045] Using 1 / 5 PDA medium as the main culture medium, wheat and corn were added to the exogenous nutrient bag at the same time (the corn kernels were crushed to destroy the structure of the kernels, i.e., the coarse particles were broken and passed through a 5-8 mesh sieve). The amount of grains added is set as shown in Table 2.

[0046] Table 2 Experimental Design of Grain Addition Amount

[0047]

[0048] 2.3 Effects of different amounts of exogenous nutrient bags, corn substitution, and grain addition on morel mushroom yield

[0049] 2.3.1 Experimental Design

[0050] The amount of exogenous nutrient bag added (bag / 667 m) 2 The study focused on corn substitution rate (%) and cereal (corn, wheat) addition amount (g / bag) as research subjects. A field experiment was conducted using a 3-factor, 3-level orthogonal experimental design with a randomized block arrangement and a plot area of ​​3m². 2 .

[0051] Table 3 Factors and Levels

[0052] Table 4 Orthogonal Array (L34)

[0053]

[0054] 2.3.2 Production of exogenous nutrient bags

[0055] Within 5-15 days after sowing, following the method of Liu Wei et al. (Liu Wei et al., Morel Biology and Cultivation Technology, Jilin Agricultural University Press, 2017), exogenous nutrient bags were produced using 12 cm × 24 cm polypropylene bags. The formula was: grains (corn and wheat added according to Table 4), rice husks (accounting for about 80% of the nutrient bag volume), and quicklime 1%-1.5%. After manual bagging, the bags were sterilized at 121℃ for 90 minutes. When the temperature was cooled to below 20℃, two 10-15 cm long cuts were made with a knife, and one side of the cut was folded over to the bed surface.

[0056] 2.3.3 Field Management

[0057] Field management was carried out according to the methods described by Liu Wei et al. (Liu Wei et al., Morel Biology and Cultivation Techniques, Jilin Agricultural University Press, 2017), with watering of 30-40 L / m² around the beginning of spring. 2 To stimulate fruiting, during the fruiting period, the light intensity should be 500-1000 lx, the soil moisture content 25%-32%, the relative humidity 85%-95%, and the temperature 0-20℃.

[0058] 2.4 Indicator Measurement and Methods

[0059] 2.4.1 Determination of mycelial biomass in the main culture medium and consumption of exogenous nutrient bag modules

[0060] After cultivation, following the method of Liu Qizheng et al. (Liu Qizheng, Qu Shan, Tan Fanghe, et al. Influencing factors of exogenous nutrition in Morel [J]. Acta Mycologica Sinica, 2021, 40(12):3157-3168.), the exogenous nutrient bag and the main culture medium were separated using tweezers and a scalpel. The main culture medium and the exogenous nutrient bag module were placed in conical flasks, and 3-5 times the volume of distilled water were added and heated thoroughly to melt. While still hot, the mixture was filtered through a layer of gauze, and the mycelium on the filter cloth was transferred to filter paper. After drying at 45℃ to constant weight, the mixture was weighed, and the consumption of the exogenous nutrient bag module was calculated according to the following formula:

[0061] The consumption of exogenous nutrient bag modules = initial grain weight - grain weight after 30 days.

[0062] 2.4.2 Morel mushroom yield data determination

[0063] At harvest time, the yield is calculated based on the actual yield of morel mushrooms in each plot, which is the sum of the morel mushrooms harvested from the start to the end of the harvest. The yield is then calculated using the following formula:

[0064] 667 m 2Production = Actual production of the plot × 667 m 2 / Area of ​​the residential area.

[0065] 2.5 Data Analysis

[0066] After the experiment, the data were organized using Excel, multi-factor ANOVA was performed using SPSS 21 data analysis software, and DOE analysis was performed using Minitab 21 data analysis software.

[0067] 3 Results and Analysis

[0068] 3.1 Changes in the appearance characteristics of morel mycelia at different stages

[0069] After adding the exogenous nutrient bag module, the morel mycelia on the main culture medium rapidly invaded the exogenous nutrient bag module. The mycelia on the main culture medium grew vigorously, gradually becoming denser, and the number of sclerotia increased. The morphological characteristics of morel mycelia at different stages are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, over time, the mycelia in the main culture medium become increasingly dense and their color gradually deepens. After adding the exogenous nutrient bag module for 6 days, the mycelia in the main culture medium are yellowish-gray. After adding the exogenous nutrient bag module for 12-30 days, the mycelia in the main culture medium gradually turn coffee-colored.

[0070] 3.2 Morel biomass, grain consumption, and grain conversion rate of exogenous nutrient bag modules with different corn-to-wheat mass ratios

[0071] Different corn and wheat weight ratios of exogenous nutrient bag modules, main culture medium morel biomass, such as Figure 2 As shown in Figure a, T4 morel biomass was the largest at 1.393 g, followed by T2 at 0.936 g, T1 at 0.787 g, T3 at 0.687 g, and CK at the lowest at 0.033 g. Analysis of variance showed that the biomass of T4 morel was significantly different from that of T3 and CK (P < 0.05), but not significantly different from that of T1 and T2. There were no significant differences among T1, T2, and T3, but T1, T2, T3, and T4 were all significantly different from CK.

[0072] Grain consumption of different corn and wheat weight ratios in exogenous nutrient bag modules, such as Figure 2 As shown in Figure b, T4 had the highest grain consumption at 3.414 g, followed by T2 at 2.843 g, T1 at 2.627 g, and T3 had the lowest at 2.557 g. Analysis of variance showed that, except for a significant difference in grain consumption between T4 and T3 (P < 0.05), there were no significant differences between T4 and T2 or T1, nor were there significant differences among T1, T2, and T3.

[0073] Grain conversion rates of exogenous nutrient bag modules with different corn-to-wheat mass ratios, such as Figure 2As shown in Figure c, T4 had the highest grain conversion rate at 39.984%, followed by T2 at 32.493%, T1 at 29.568%, and T3 had the lowest at 25.984%. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in grain conversion rate among the different treatments.

[0074] 3.3 Effects of different amounts of corn and wheat added on morel biomass, grain consumption, and grain conversion rate in the main culture medium

[0075] The effects of different amounts of corn and wheat added on the biomass of morel mycelia on the main culture medium, such as Figure 3 As shown in Figure a, the biomass of morel mushrooms was highest on T6 master medium at 1.227 g, followed by T5 at 0.797 g, and then T7 at 0.517 g. Analysis of variance showed that the mycelial biomass on T6 master medium was significantly higher than that on T7 and T5, and that on T7 and T5, it was significantly higher than that on the control (CK).

[0076] Grain consumption of exogenous nutrient bag modules with different amounts of corn and wheat added, such as Figure 3 As shown in Figure b, T7 had the highest grain consumption at 2.989 g, followed by T6 at 2.952 g, and T5 had the lowest at 1.624 g. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in grain consumption between T7 and T6, but both T7 and T6 had significantly higher grain consumption than T5 (P < 0.05).

[0077] Grain conversion rates of different corn and wheat addition amounts in exogenous nutrient bag modules, such as... Figure 3 As shown in Figure c, T5 had the highest grain conversion rate at 48.973%, followed by T6 at 40.9%, and T7 had the lowest at 17.485%. The analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in grain conversion rate between T5 and T6 (P > 0.05), but the grain conversion rates of T5 and T6 were significantly higher than those of T7 (P < 0.05).

[0078] 3.4 Performance of Morel Mushroom Yield Based on Different Exogenous Nutrient Bag Formulas and Addition Amounts per Unit Area

[0079] The yield of morel mushrooms under different corn and wheat mass ratios and exogenous nutrient bag formulations and addition amounts per unit area are shown in Table 5. Treatment 4 (2000 exogenous nutrient bags / 667 m²) 2 The corn substitution rate was 0, and the highest yield of morel mushrooms (150 g / bag of grain) was 237.18 kg / 667 m³. 2 Processing 9 (3000 exogenous nutrient bags / 667 m³) 2 The corn substitution rate was 66.67%, followed by cereals (150 g / bag) at 222.2 kg / 667 m³. 2 Treatment 3 (1000 exogenous nutrient bags / 667 m³) 2The corn substitution rate was 66.67%, and the grain (200 g / bag) ranked third, at 205 kg / 667 m³. 2 Treatment 1 (1000 exogenous nutrient bags / 667 m³) 2 The corn substitution rate was 0%, and the lowest (grain 100 g / bag) was only 96.91 kg / 667 m³. 2 .

[0080] Table 5. Morel mushroom yield performance with different exogenous nutrient bag formulations and dosage per unit area.

[0081]

[0082] 3.5 Analysis of variance in morel yield based on different exogenous nutrient bag formulations and dosage per unit area

[0083] The variance analysis results of morel mushroom yield under different exogenous nutrient bag formulations and addition amounts per unit area are shown in Table 6. The significance coefficient of the corrected model is 0.324 (P>0.05), indicating that there is no significant difference in morel mushroom yield among treatments with different numbers of bags per unit area, corn substitution rate, and grain addition amount.

[0084] Table 6. Analysis of variance of morel mushroom yield with different exogenous nutrient bag formulations and dosage per unit area.

[0085] source Type III sum of squares df Mean Square F Sig. Correction model 33286.830a 6 5547.805 1.250 0.324 intercept 809511.166 1 809511.166 182.367 0.000 Number of bags 5546.534 2 2773.267 0.625 0.546 Corn percentage 1697.317 2 848.659 0.191 0.827 Grain quantity 26042.979 2 13021.489 2.933 0.076 error 88778.353 20 4438.918 total 931576.349 27 Corrected total 122065.183 26

[0086] Note: The R-squared value marked at point a is 0.273 (adjusted R-squared value = 0.055).

[0087] The results of the multiple comparative analysis are shown in Table 7. In terms of yield, the yield of morel mushrooms treated with different amounts of exogenous nutrient bags, from highest to lowest, was as follows: per 667 m³ 2 Add 3000 bags, per 667 m 2 Add 2000 bags, 667 m 2 Adding 1000 bags did not result in significant differences; the yield of morel mushrooms with different corn substitution rates, from highest to lowest, was 66.67% with corn substitution rate, 0% with corn substitution rate, and 33.33% with corn substitution rate, but the differences were not significant; the yield of morel mushrooms with different grain addition amounts, from highest to lowest, was 150 g / bag, 200 g / bag, and 100 g / bag, among which the yield of morel mushrooms with 150 g / bag and 100 g / bag differed significantly.

[0088] Table 7. Multiple comparisons of morel mushroom yields with different exogenous nutrient bag formulations and dosage per unit area.

[0089]

[0090] 3.6 DOE analysis of the effects of the number of bags added per unit area, corn substitution rate, and grain addition amount on morel mushroom yield

[0091] The mean response of different number of bags per unit area, corn substitution rate and grain addition amount to morel mushroom yield is shown in Table 8. The order is: grain addition amount, addition amount per unit area, and corn substitution rate. This indicates that the grain addition amount has the greatest contribution to morel mushroom yield, followed by the addition amount per unit area, and the corn substitution rate has the smallest contribution.

[0092] Table 8. Mean response of number of bags added per unit area, corn substitution rate, and grain addition amount to morel mushroom yield.

[0093] level <![CDATA[Addition amount per unit area (bags / 667 m 2 ).]]> Corn substitution rate Grain addition amount (g / bag) 1 140.2 153.2 119.7 2 158.5 150.6 187.8 3 171.9 167 163.2 Delta 31.7 16.4 68.1 Rank 2 3 1

[0094] The main effect diagram of the number of bags added per unit area, corn substitution rate, and grain addition amount on morel mushroom yield is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, when other factors are constant, the yield of morel mushrooms increases with the increase in the number of exogenous nutrient bags added per unit area. Figure 4 (a); When other factors are constant, morel mushroom production initially decreases slightly and then increases with the increase of corn substitution rate. Figure 4 (b) When other factors are constant, the amount of grain added shows a trend of first increasing sharply and then decreasing sharply. Figure 4 (c). Production forecast data shows that when per 667 m... 2 Adding 3000 bags of exogenous nutrients, with a corn substitution rate of 66.67% and 150 g of grain added per bag, the morel mushroom yield can reach 234.91 kg / 667 m². 2 It yields comparable to 100% wheat exogenous nutrient bags, but this nutrient bag formula has the advantage of a wide range of material sources (corn).

[0095] Example 2

[0096] A pilot-scale test was conducted on the morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag designed in Example 1.

[0097] 1. Basic Information on Pilot-Scale Testing

[0098] The pilot test was conducted in Yanjiao Town, Liuzhi Special District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, and was implemented by the Yanjiao Old Bamboo Forest Planting and Breeding Farmers Professional Cooperative of Liuzhi Special District. The base is located at an altitude of about 1200 m, with paddy soil. The previous crop was rice, with a planting scale of 12 mu (0.8 hectares). The planting mode was paddy rice-mushroom rotation, and simplified facilities were used for cultivation.

[0099] 2. Pilot-scale process

[0100] 2.1 Arched Canopy Construction

[0101] Starting in mid-to-late October 2022, following the method of Yang Jiezhong et al. (Yang Jiezhong et al., Cultivation of morel mushrooms in bamboo arch sheds [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2022, (07): 151-155.), bamboo strips with a diameter of not less than 5 cm were used to build arch sheds on-site. The arch sheds were about 4 m wide and the length was determined according to the terrain. The arch sheds were covered with shade nets with a density of 4 needles (for specific methods, see the Technical Specifications for High-Efficiency and Simplified Cultivation of Morel Mushrooms (Draft), DB 5202 / T).

[0102] In December, when the temperature drops, a transparent film is added to the outside of the greenhouse. In the spring of the following year, when the temperature rises again, side windows of about 30 cm × 40 cm in size and spaced 50 cm to 100 cm apart are opened on both sides of the greenhouse at a height of about 1.6 m to reduce the temperature. The film is gradually removed after the temperature rises in March.

[0103] 2.2 Land preparation

[0104] After setting up the shed, apply 200-300 kg / mu of lime inside the shed, plow the soil, mix the soil and lime evenly, rake the soil fine, and dig furrows 50 cm wide and 30 cm deep to form beds. Make 3 beds in each shed, and water the soil to make the field water holding capacity about 60%.

[0105] 2.3 Sowing

[0106] The pilot-scale experiment used five strains, of which G10 and G5 were purchased from Chongqing Meizai Fungi Industry Co., Ltd., and the remaining three strains were introduced from Guizhou Luxinyuan Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd. The cultivars were produced by Liupanshui Yueyi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and the Liupanshui Academy of Agricultural Sciences provided technical support for the production of exogenous nutrient bags.

[0107] Sowing began on November 17, 2022. First, three sowing furrows, 10-15 cm wide and 10-15 cm deep, were dug on the prepared beds. The crushed spawn was then evenly sown into the furrows at a rate of about 0.5 kg per square meter. The furrows were then covered with finely raked soil, ensuring that the spawn was not exposed.

[0108] 2.4 Coating

[0109] After covering with soil, cover with perforated black plastic film, and press a clod of soil on each side of the film at 50-100 cm intervals to prevent it from being blown away by the wind.

[0110] 2.5 Add exogenous nutrient bags

[0111] The exogenous nutrient bags are manufactured by Liupanshui Yueyi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., using 300 kg of corn, 150 kg of wheat, approximately 1% lime, and approximately 150 kg of rice husks per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). Technical support is provided by the Liupanshui Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The production method is as follows:

[0112] (1) Material preparation

[0113] Weigh out wheat, corn, and rice husks. The specific amount added depends on the production scale, with wheat at 150 kg / 667 m³. 2 300 kg of corn per 667 m 2 Rice husks are used as filler, with a dosage of approximately 150 kg / 667 m³. 2 .

[0114] (2) Corn kernel crushing

[0115] The corn is crushed to break down the structure of the kernels, i.e., coarse particles are broken down and passed through a 5-8 mesh sieve to prevent starch gelatinization during high-temperature sterilization, which would cause clumping of the exogenous nutrient bags during extrusion and affect the mycelial absorption efficiency.

[0116] (3) Soaking

[0117] Before producing the exogenous nutrient bags, soak the wheat grains and crushed corn for 24-72 hours, depending on the temperature, until the wheat grains absorb water and swell. Add a small amount of lime during soaking to reduce the consumption of nutrients from the wheat and corn by acidophilic bacteria.

[0118] (4) Mixing ingredients

[0119] Before mixing, accurately calculate the amounts of corn, wheat, and rice husks to be added based on the number of exogenous nutrient bags that can be produced by mixing the materials sequentially. The dosage is 150 kg of wheat (before soaking) per 667 m³. 2 300 kg of corn per 667 m 2 Rice husks account for 80% of the volume of the external nutrient bag (calculated mass is approximately 150 kg / 667 m³). 2 Add the following ingredients: Mix the corn, wheat, and rice husks required for the mixture, add 1% lime, mix thoroughly manually or with a mixer, add water and continue mixing until the moisture content of the mixture is about 60% (measured with a hygrometer).

[0120] (5) Bagging

[0121] Use a bagging machine to ensure that the weight of material in each exogenous nutrient bag is equal. When using the bagging machine, promptly remove bags with too much or too little material, empty the material, and re-bag them.

[0122] (6) Sterilization

[0123] Sterilize using a programmed micro-pressure sterilizer. Evenly pack the exogenous nutrient bags into the sterilizer to prevent them from squeezing each other and causing uneven temperature. Sterilize for about 8 hours. After sterilization and cooling, remove the exogenous nutrient bags from the sterilizer and place them in a cooling room for later use.

[0124] On December 2, 2022, add exogenous nutrient bags. First, remove the plastic film and use a blade to make two 15cm slits on one side of the exogenous nutrient bag. Then, place the slit side onto the bed surface and gently pat it down. The amount added is about 3,000 bags per acre. After adding the nutrient bags, cover the plastic film again using the same method as 2.4.

[0125] 2.6 Field Management During the Vegetative Growth Period

[0126] The period from sowing to bud formation is the vegetative growth period, lasting approximately 75 days. During this time, maintain a temperature of 0-22℃. If the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds 22℃ for an extended period, spray water onto the roof to cool it down for 2-5 minutes. Do not add water during the vegetative growth period. If there is a prolonged drought, spray water onto the surface of the beds for 5 minutes to replenish moisture; do not remove the mulch film during this process. Ventilate the greenhouse approximately every two weeks on a cloudy or rainy day.

[0127] 2.7 Bud induction

[0128] On January 30, 2023, bud induction was performed. During bud induction, water was poured directly into the trench until the water level in the trench was basically level with the surface of the bed. The water was drained after about half an hour.

[0129] 2.8 Install sprinkler systems and construct small arched sheds

[0130] Spraying was installed on February 3, 2023, at which time a large number of primordia had already differentiated on the surface of the truck bed; small arched sheds were built on the surface of the truck bed using bamboo strips about 2 meters long, and covered with 30 g / m³ of water. 2 Use black non-woven fabric (for specific operating methods, see the "Technical Specifications for High-Efficiency and Simplified Cultivation of Morel Mushrooms (Draft)", DB 5202 / T). After March, uncover half of the non-woven fabric to prevent excessive humidity from breeding diseases.

[0131] 2.9 Field Management During Reproductive Growth Period

[0132] From bud induction to harvest, which is the reproductive growth period, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse at 4-20℃, the soil moisture content at 25%-32%, and the relative humidity inside the small arched greenhouse at no less than 70%. Spray water approximately every 3 days, each time for 3-5 minutes (spraying in the morning at 9:00-10:00 on sunny days and in the afternoon at 16:00-18:00 on cloudy days; do not spray water on rainy days or when the temperature is below 10℃). Spray with supersaturated lime water approximately every 5 days to prevent spider web disease.

[0133] 3 Harvesting

[0134] Harvesting began at the base on February 20, 2023. By the end of April 2023, the total harvest of morel mushrooms at the base was 4812.4 jin (approximately 2488.6 catties), with an average yield of over 400 jin (approximately 200 kg) per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). Among them, the Qimei morel mushroom strain G10 (planted on 4.2 mu of land) performed best, with an average yield of 541.6 jin (approximately 228.8 catties) per mu. The harvest details are as follows: Figure 5 As shown; strain G5 (sown on 3 mu) performed second best, with an actual yield of 395.8 jin per mu. Harvest details are as follows. Figure 6 As shown; the other three strains have weak adaptability in this region, with a yield of only 281.3 jin per mu.

[0135] Example 3

[0136] The trial planting of morel mushrooms was carried out by the trial planting company (Guizhou Yunchuang Xiangjun Industry Technology Co., Ltd.) using the exogenous nutrient bags of the present invention.

[0137] (1) During the trial planting in 2021, it was observed that, compared with the formula of commercially available whole wheat exogenous nutrient bags, the exogenous nutrient bags of this invention have the following advantages:

[0138] a. Morel mushrooms consume nutrients quickly, and the time required for mycelium to fully colonize the exogenous nutrient bag is short, resulting in a significant reduction in the infection rate of miscellaneous bacteria in the exogenous nutrient bag;

[0139] b. Morel primordia differentiate early, which has the potential to produce fruit earlier. It can be used for pre-New Year mushroom production (high unit price and good benefits) or for morel production with late sowing.

[0140] (2) In 2022, a mushroom-growing trial at the company’s base showed that, under the same management measures, the treatment with the exogenous nutrient bags of the present invention resulted in mushrooms growing 1-2 weeks earlier than the traditional nutrient bag treatment.

[0141] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag with corn as the main ingredient, characterized in that, The exogenous nutrient bags for morel mushrooms include wheat, corn, and rice husks; The mass ratio of the wheat to the corn is 1:

2.

2. The morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rice husks account for 80% of the volume of the morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag.

3. A method for preparing a morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The corn is crushed and soaked to obtain the processed corn. The soaked wheat, the treated corn, and the rice husks are mixed evenly to obtain a homogeneous mixture; The mixture is mixed with lime, stirred evenly, water is added, and stirred until the humidity reaches 60%. The mixture is then bagged, sterilized at high temperature, and cooled to obtain the exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the lime to the mixed material is 1:

100.

5. The application of the morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag as described in claim 1 or 2 in the cultivation and production of morel mushrooms.

6. A method for cultivating morel mushrooms, characterized in that, This includes the step of adding the exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms as described in claim 1 or 2 after the morel mushrooms are sown.

7. The cultivation method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Add the exogenous nutrient bag for morel mushrooms 15 days after inoculation.

8. The cultivation method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the mass of corn in the morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag, the amount of morel mushroom exogenous nutrient bag added is 300 kg / 667 m³. 2 .

9. The cultivation method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: The process includes setting up sheds, sowing, mulching, field management during the nutrient period, bud induction, field management and harvesting during the reproductive growth period.

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