Drip irrigation seeding method for egg-coated wheat in northern Xinjiang

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly discloses a northern Xinjiang egg-wrapped wheat drip irrigation sowing method, which comprises the technical key points of preparation before sowing, sowing, field management, timely harvesting and the like, and is completed by selecting an excellent wheat variety with high yield, good stress resistance and large high-yield potential and sowing 2-3 days before freezing, reasonable dripping, fertilization, chemical control, chemical weeding and pest control are carried out, and the yield of the northern Xinjiang egg-coated wheat is increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, and particularly relates to a drip irrigation seeding method for north Xinjiang egg-covered wheat. BACKGROUND

[0002] Egg-covered wheat refers to sowing wheat varieties in soil before the soil is frozen, overwintering in the form of seedlings under snow cover, and sprouting in early spring of the next year by using snowmelt. In production, it is called "soil incubation", "egg-covered wheat" or "field seed storage", and can be used for winter wheat varieties and spring wheat varieties.

[0003] In recent years, there is a situation of late-sowing winter wheat after cotton harvesting (in early and middle October) in the cotton area of north Xinjiang; however, practice shows that late-sowing winter wheat has obvious yield reduction under conventional cultivation measures. The whole growth period is shortened, individual development is poor, effective tiller number is small, and single plant earing rate is low, and it is easy to encounter high temperature and dry hot wind hazards in the late growth period. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the application is to solve the problems of unreasonable planting method of egg-covered wheat in north Xinjiang area and obvious yield reduction, and provide a drip irrigation seeding method for north Xinjiang egg-covered wheat, which can improve yield.

[0005] The purpose of the application is achieved by the following technical scheme: A drip irrigation seeding method for north Xinjiang egg-covered wheat, comprising the following steps and technical points: 1) Pre-seeding preparation 1.1) Seed selection Select excellent wheat varieties with high yield, good stress resistance and high yield potential; 1.2) Fine land preparation After cotton harvesting, return straw to the field, and deep plough after irrigation to achieve the standards of land leveling, loose and fine, suitable soil condition, and upper virtual and lower substantial; 1.3) Apply sufficient base fertilizer Apply base fertilizer in combination with autumn land preparation; 2) Seeding 2.1) Seed treatment Coat or pesticide seed dressing is performed on the seeds, and the seed purity is required to be greater than or equal to 99%, the cleanliness is required to be greater than or equal to 99%, the germination rate is required to be greater than or equal to 85%, and the seeds are required to be dried for 3-5 days before sowing; 2.2) Sow at the right time Sow the winter egg-covered wheat in north Xinjiang at a daily average temperature of 5-8℃, that is, from October 25 to November 5; sow the spring egg-covered wheat at a daily average temperature of 0-1℃, that is, from November 5 to 12, and sow completely 2-3 days before freezing, and press after sowing to ensure; 2.3) Seeding method Before sowing, the sowing machine is equipped with a drip irrigation tape laying device. Sowing, fertilization and drip irrigation tape laying are carried out in one operation. Fertilizer and seeds are separated during sowing, and the sowing machine is used for drilling. The drip irrigation tape is laid together with the sowing machine, and is buried in the soil at a depth of 2-3 cm; 2.4) Drip irrigation tape configuration The drip irrigation tape configuration for drip irrigated wheat is 1 piece of 4 pipes, 3.6 m wide, 4 drip irrigation tapes are laid, the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 60 cm, and the drip irrigation tapes are laid at a distance of 15-20 cm from the wheat; 3) Field management 3.1) Reasonable dripping Drip 7-8 times during the whole growth period, drip once every 10-12 days, and drip 350-400 m 3 / 667m 2 from April 15 to 20, drip 60 m 3 / 667m 2 ; drip 1-2 times at the jointing stage, heading stage, flowering stage and grain filling stage; 3.2) Scientific fertilization Use the method of dripping fertilizer with water, one water one fertilizer, and apply 7-8 times of fertilizer. During the whole growth period, drip 40-45 kg of urea per 667 m 2 , 20-22 kg of monoammonium phosphate per 667 m 2 , and 16-18 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 m 2 ; 3.3) Chemical control Spray 50% chlormequat 1-2 times before the wheat jointing; 3.4) Chemical weeding From the tillering stage to the jointing stage of wheat, use 20% dimethenamid water agent at 150-200 mL per 667 m 2 , and mix with 40 kg of water for surface spraying; 3.5) Disease and pest control The main diseases of wheat at the early heading stage are rust, powdery mildew and whole rot, and the pests are wheat thrips. At the early heading stage, use 0.015% brassinolide + pyraclostrobin or difenoconazole 25 grams + 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 15-20 grams + dihydrogen potassium phosphate 80-100 grams to mix with 25-30 kg of water for spraying for prevention and control; The main diseases in the wheat filling stage are powdery mildew and rust, and the main insect pests are wheat aphids; the aphid quantity and the number of natural enemies are investigated in time, when the aphid quantity per 100 plants exceeds 500, and the number of aphids and natural enemies is more than 150:1, the aphids need to be controlled, and pentazocine or benetazole + 40% acetamiprid wettable powder + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g is used to spray 25-30kg of water for prevention and treatment, 5% calcium regulator, 20g of content, or 10% calcium regulator, 10g of content, are sprayed once per mu in this stage to prevent dry hot wind and increase the thousand-grain weight; 4) timely harvesting Harvesting in the late wax maturity stage.

[0006] As preferred, in step 1.2), the plowing depth is 28-30cm, and the land is leveled by a combined land leveler after plowing, and is raked once and diagonally raked twice.

[0007] As preferred, in step 1.3), the application amount of base fertilizer is: 10kg of urea per 667m 2 , 15kg of diammonium phosphate per 667m 2 .

[0008] As preferred, in step 2.2), the seeding amount is 28kg per 667m 2 , the seeding depth is 3-4cm, and the seeding amount is increased by 0.5kg per 667m 2 for every 2d delay in the seeding period.

[0009] As preferred, in step 2.3), 5kg of diammonium phosphate is applied as seed fertilizer when seeding, and a 3.6m seeding width 24-row or 28-row seeder is used for seeding.

[0010] As preferred, in step 2.4), the labyrinth type drip irrigation belt with moderate flow, uniform drip water and drip fertilizer is selected, the drip head spacing is required to be 20-25cm, and the drip head flow of the drip irrigation belt is 3.2L / h.

[0011] As preferred, in step 3.2), the wheat jointing stage and the heading stage are the key periods of fertilizer application, and 10-12kg of urea per 667m 2 is drip applied.

[0012] As preferred, in step 3.3), the application amount of chlormequatchloride is 300-350g per 667m 2 , and is sprayed with 30kg of water.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: The drip irrigation sowing method for northern Xinjiang wheat in this invention is beneficial for cotton-grain crop rotation, can coordinate the sowing periods of winter and spring wheat, alleviate the contradiction between machinery, labor and water, extend the wheat harvest time, enhance the wheat's drought resistance, cold resistance and lodging resistance, promote early wheat maturity, improve wheat yield and quality, reduce wheat production costs, and increase economic benefits, all of which have important practical significance. Practice shows that as long as a suitable wheat variety is selected and the high-yield sowing technology of northern Xinjiang wheat drip irrigation is applied, the yield per mu of winter wheat can be close to or reach the yield of sowing at the appropriate time. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0015] Example 1 A high-yield sowing method for wheat seedlings grown in northern Xinjiang using drip irrigation includes the following steps and key technical points: 1. Pre-broadcast preparation 1.1 Selecting superior varieties Select high-yielding, stress-resistant, and high-yield-potential superior wheat varieties, such as Xinchun 38.

[0016] 1.2 Fine land preparation After cotton harvest, return the straw to the field promptly, irrigate, and then deep plow to a depth of 28-30 cm. After plowing, use a combined tillage machine to harrow the land once straight and twice diagonally to achieve a level, loose, and finely textured soil with suitable moisture content and a firm subsoil.

[0017] 1.3 Apply sufficient base fertilizer In conjunction with autumn land preparation, apply 10 kg of urea per 667 m² as base fertilizer. 2 Diammonium phosphate 15kg / 667m 2 .

[0018] 2 Sowing 2.1 Seed Treatment Select high-quality seeds, coat or treat them with chemicals, and ensure that the seeds have a purity of ≥99%, a cleanliness of ≥99%, and a germination rate of ≥85%. Sun-dry the seeds for 3-5 days before sowing.

[0019] 2.2 Sowing at the appropriate time The sowing period of the egg wheat is strict and short. If sowing too early, the wheat will grow too fast and die in winter. If sowing too late, the seed will not germinate in winter and affect the normal development of the next year. According to the local meteorological data, the date of the soil freezing is determined accurately. The egg wheat in the north of Xinjiang is sowed from October 25 to November 5 when the average daily temperature is 5-8℃. The spring egg wheat is sowed from November 5 to 12 when the average daily temperature is 0-1℃. The sowing is preferably completed 2-3 days before the freezing. The sowing amount is 28 kg / 667m 2 , the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, the sowing amount is increased by 0.5 kg / 667m 2 every 2 days, and the sowing is pressed after sowing.

[0020] 2.3 Sowing method The drip irrigation belt laying device is installed before sowing. The sowing, fertilization and drip irrigation belt laying are operated in one line. The fertilizer and seed are separated during sowing. The seed is sowed with diammonium phosphate 5 kg. The sowing is generally operated by the 3.6 m sowing machine with 24 or 28 rows. The drip irrigation belt is laid with the sowing machine. The drip irrigation belt is buried in the soil 2-3 cm deep. The direction of the drip irrigation belt is correct and the labyrinth is upward.

[0021] 2.4 Drip irrigation belt configuration The drip irrigation belt configuration of the drip irrigation wheat is 1 belt 4 pipes, 3.6 m sowing belt, 4 drip irrigation belts, the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 60 cm, the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the wheat is 15-20 cm. The labyrinth drip irrigation belt with moderate flow, uniform and consistent drip water and drip fertilizer is selected. The distance between the drip heads is 20-25 cm. The flow of the drip head of the drip irrigation belt is 3.2 L / h.

[0022] 3 Field management 3.1 Reasonable drip irrigation The drip irrigation is generally operated 7-8 times during the whole growth period. The drip irrigation is operated once every 10-12 days. The drip irrigation is 350-400 m 3 / 667m 2 during the whole growth period. The seedling water is generally dripped from April 15 to 20. The drip irrigation amount is 60 m 3 / 667m 2 . The drip irrigation is operated once or twice during the jointing stage, the heading stage, the flowering stage and the grain filling stage.

[0023] 3.2 Scientific fertilization The water and the fertilizer are dripped together. The drip irrigation is operated 7-8 times. The urea, the monoammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate are dripped 40-45 kg / 667m 2 , 20-22 kg / 667m 2 and 16-18 kg / 667m 2Wheat jointing and heading stage is the key period of fertilizer, generally each period of drip urea 10-12 kg / 667m 2 .

[0024] 3.3 chemical control Before the wheat jointing, spray 50% chlorocholine 1-2 times, according to different varieties, the amount of application is 300-350 g / 667m 2 Water 30 kg spray.

[0025] 3.4 chemical weeding Wheat tillering stage to jointing, select 20% dimethenamid water agent according to 150-200 mL / 667m 2 , 40 kg water surface spray, can prevent most of the annual broadleaf weeds, spray should be carried out before cotton emergence or sunny day no wind, in order to improve the drug effect and prevent the drift of liquid on the surrounding cotton produce drug damage.

[0026] 3.5 disease and pest control Disease and pest control mainly by agricultural control and biological control, can be carried out by selecting disease resistant varieties, crop rotation, deep ploughing and improving the field ventilation and light conditions and other measures.

[0027] In the early stage of heading, the main diseases of wheat are rust, powdery mildew, whole erosion disease, and the main pests are wheat thrips. In the early stage of heading, 0.015% brassinolide + pyraclostrobin (or difenoconazole) 25 grams + 10% imidacloprid (nimexin) 15-20 g + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 80-100 grams are used per mu, and 25-30 kg of water is used for spraying.

[0028] The main diseases of wheat in the filling stage are powdery mildew and rust, and the main pests are wheat aphids. Investigate the number of aphids and natural enemies in time. When the number of aphids per 100 plants is more than 500, and the number of aphids and natural enemies is more than 150:1, control is needed. Zoxazolium (or difenoconazole) + 40% acetamiprid wettable powder + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 g, 25-30 kg of water is used for spraying, and the amount of drug is according to the requirements of the product specification; 5% calcium regulator, content 20 grams (or 10% calcium regulator, content 10 grams) can be sprayed once per mu in this stage to prevent dry heat and increase the thousand grain weight.

[0029] 4 timely harvest Harvest in the middle and late stages of ripening, wheat grain yield and quality. Using the drip irrigation high yield sowing technology of north Xinjiang egg package wheat, the yield of winter wheat per mu is generally 600-650 kg, close to or reaching the yield of sowing in time.

[0030] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application, and although the present application is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalently replace some technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A kind of northern border egg package egg drip irrigation seeding method, it is characterized in to include the following steps and technical essentials: 1) preparation before sowing 1.1) Selection of seeds Select good wheat varieties with high yield, good stress resistance and high yield potential; 1.2) Fine land preparation After cotton harvest, straw is returned to the field and deep plowing is done after irrigation to achieve the standards of land leveling, loose and fine soil, suitable soil condition, and upper virtual and lower substantial; 1.3) Apply enough base fertilizer Combine with fall land preparation to apply base fertilizer; 2) Seeding 2.1) Seed treatment Seed coating or seed dressing is required, with seed purity ≥ 99%, cleanliness ≥ 99%, germination rate ≥ 85%, and seed drying for 3-5 days before sowing; 2.2) Sow seeds in time Sow winter egg-laying wheat in north Xinjiang with daily average temperature of 5-8℃, i.e. from October 25 to November 5; sow spring egg-laying wheat with daily average temperature of 0-1℃, i.e. from November 5 to 12, and sow before freezing for 2-3 days, and press firmly after sowing; 2.3) Seeding method Install drip irrigation tape laying device on the seeding machine before sowing, and use one-stop operation for seeding, fertilizing and drip irrigation tape laying, separate seed and fertilizer during seeding, and use strip seeding machine; drip irrigation tape is laid with the seeding machine, and is buried in the soil 2-3 cm deep; 2.4) Drip irrigation tape configuration The drip irrigation tape configuration for drip irrigation wheat is 1 piece of 4 tubes, 3.6 m wide, laying 4 drip irrigation tapes, with a spacing of 60 cm, and the distance between drip irrigation tapes and wheat is 15-20 cm; 3) Field management 3.1) Reasonable drip irrigation Drip water 7-8 times during the whole growth period, drip water once every 10-12 days, drip water 350-400 m 3 / 667m 2 Drip water 60 m 3 / 667m 2 Drip water once at the jointing stage, heading stage, flowering stage and grain filling stage 3.2) Scientific fertilization The water and fertilizer are dripped together, one water and one fertilizer, 7-8 times of topdressing, 40-45 kg / 667m of urea, 20-22 kg / 667m of monoammonium phosphate and 16-18 kg / 667m of potassium sulfate are dripped during the whole growth period. 2 2 2 ;​​ 3.3) Chemical control Spray 50% chlormequat 1-2 times before wheat jointing; 3.4) Chemical weeding Wheat tillering stage to before emergence, select 20% chlorpyrifos water agent according to 150~200 mL / 667m 2 , 40 kg of water surface spray; 3.5) Disease and pest control The main diseases of wheat in the early heading stage are rust, powdery mildew and whole rot, and the main pests are wheat thrips, and 0.015% brassinolide + pyraclostrobin or difenoconazole 25g + 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 15-20g + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 80-100g in 25-30kg water is used for spraying control; The main diseases of wheat in the grain filling stage are powdery mildew and rust, and the main pests are wheat aphids, and the number of aphids and natural enemies is investigated in time, and when the number of aphids per 100 plants is more than 500, and the number of aphids and natural enemies is more than 150:1, control is needed, and tebuconazole or difenoconazole + 40% acetamiprid wettable powder + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g in 25-30kg water is used for spraying control, and 5% calcium regulator with content of 20g or 10% calcium regulator with content of 10g is sprayed once per mu to prevent dry heat and increase thousand seed weight; 4) Harvest in time Harvest in the middle and late stages of ripening.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In step 1.2), the plowing depth is 28-30 cm, and the land is leveled with a combined land leveling machine after plowing, and straight raking is done once and diagonal raking is done twice.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 1.3), the application amount of base fertilizer: 10 kg of urea per 667 m 2 , 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per 667 m 2 .

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used for the northern Xinjiang region. In step 2.2, the seeding amount is 28 kg / 667 m 2 , the seeding depth is 3-4 cm, and the seeding period is delayed by 2 days each time, and the seeding amount is increased by 0.5 kg / 667 m 2 .

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used for the northern region of China. In step 2.3), 5 kg of diammonium phosphate is used as seed fertilizer during seeding, and 3.6m seeding machine with 24 or 28 rows is used for seeding.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used for the northern region of China. In step 2.4), labyrinthine drip irrigation tape with moderate flow rate, uniform drip irrigation and fertilizer is selected, with a distance of 20-25 cm between drip heads, and the flow rate of drip irrigation tape drip head is 3.2L / h.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used for the northern region of China. In step 3.2), the wheat jointing stage and the heading stage are the key periods of fertilizer requirement, and each drip application of urea is 10-12 kg / 667m 2 .

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is used for the northern Xinjiang region. In Step 3.3, the application amount of chlormequat is 300-350 g / 667 m 2 Spray with 30 kg of water.