Distant artificial sexual hybridization breeding and propagation method for wild wheat and high-quality wheat
By using the distant hybridization and breeding method between wild wheat and high-quality wheat, the problem of insufficient genetic variation in wheat breeding was solved, and the new variety Wangfa Wheat No. 1 was bred, which achieved high and stable yield, early maturity, stress resistance and environmental adaptability, and shortened the breeding cycle.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511227811.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-25
AI Technical Summary
In existing wheat breeding methods, the increased homozygosity of offspring genes leads to a narrower genetic base, a reduction in the types of variation, and difficulty in producing new combinations of superior traits. Furthermore, the ability to adapt to environmental changes is weak, and existing technologies cannot enrich genetic variation through distant hybridization.
Using artificial sexual hybridization and breeding methods between wild wheat and high-quality wheat, He Nong 6425 was selected as the female parent and Y2 wild wheat as the male parent. Through artificial emasculation, pollination and environmental control, a new variety, Wangfa Wheat No. 1, was bred. The breeding cycle was shortened and the propagation coefficient was increased by combining greenhouse and open field planting modes.
New wheat varieties have been developed that combine high yield, stable yield, early winter maturity, drought resistance, tolerance to poor soil, and lodging resistance, significantly improving yield traits, enhancing adaptability to environmental changes, and shortening the breeding cycle and number of reproductions.
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Figure CN121003137A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant breeding technology, specifically to a method for artificial sexual hybridization and breeding of wild wheat and high-quality wheat. Background Technology
[0002] In current agricultural production, wheat breeding mainly relies on selective breeding in field planting or hybridization of closely related varieties. However, this method has significant limitations: increased homozygosity in offspring leads to a narrower genetic base, fewer types of variation, and difficulty in developing new combinations of superior traits, thus limiting the space for selecting superior varieties in breeding; recessive harmful genes are more easily expressed homozygous, causing degenerative phenomena such as weakened growth, decreased disease resistance, and reduced yield in offspring; and offspring have a weaker ability to adapt to environmental changes such as climate fluctuations and pest and disease attacks. Therefore, enriching genetic variation through distant hybridization or intervarietal hybridization is of great significance.
[0003] The existing wheat variety He Nong 6425 has the advantages of high and stable yield, winter hardiness, and early maturity. Experimental observations have shown that Y2 wild wheat exhibits drought and alkali resistance, tolerance to poor soil, lodging resistance, slender spikes, and high yield. To utilize the hybrid vigor of wheat, this invention involves artificial sexual hybridization of the cultivated wheat variety He Nong 6425 with Y2 wild wheat to cultivate a new wheat variety with long spikes, lodging resistance, early winter maturity, drought and poor soil tolerance, and high, stable, and high yield, adaptable to both non-irrigated and irrigated land. Literature review has revealed no successful reports of hybridization between wild wheat (grass) and winter wheat in the central and northern winter wheat regions of Hebei Province. This invention fills this gap and provides a new approach for wheat germplasm innovation. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the problems existing in current breeding technologies, the purpose of this invention is to cultivate a new wheat variety, Wangfa Wheat No. 1, by using the distant hybridization breeding and propagation method of He Nong 6425 early-maturing wheat and Y2 wild wheat.
[0005] The solution adopted in this plan to address the technical problem is: a method for artificial sexual hybridization and breeding of wild wheat and high-quality wheat, including the following steps:
[0006] (1) Selecting parental lines
[0007] He Nong 6425 was selected as the female parent and wild wheat of type Y2 was selected as the male parent for distant artificial sexual hybridization. The female parent should be selected from the main spike of the plant with strong growth, and 11 spikelets should be retained at the upper part of the main spike. Each selected spikelet should retain 2 well-developed florets at the base.
[0008] (2) Pollination and flowering periods coincide
[0009] Based on the characteristic that the male parent, wild wheat, has a later flowering period, the growth environment of the female parent, wheat, is adjusted to ensure that their flowering periods coincide.
[0010] (3) Artificial emasculation and pollination
[0011] Within 3 days of the female parent's spikelet emergence, the entire spikelet is emasculated and then isolated by covering it with a sulfuric acid paper bag. Mature male flowers of the male parent with yellowish-green anthers are selected, and pollination is completed by gently touching the stigma of the artificially emasculated female parent. Contamination must be avoided throughout the process, and the bag is re-covered after pollination.
[0012] (4) After packing, ripen
[0013] Hybrid wheat ears with soil stalks are packed into boxes, covered with plastic film to retain moisture, and allowed to ripen in cardboard boxes to ensure seed maturity without delaying the next crop sowing, thus obtaining mature F1 generation seeds.
[0014] (5) Vernalize the F1 generation wheat seeds and propagate them by multiple generations to cultivate a new wheat variety, tentatively named Wangfa Wheat No. 1.
[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the parent plant has the characteristic of winter early maturity.
[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the parent plant is a plant whose leaf morphology is highly similar to cultivated wheat, found on the roadside and field ridges in the winter wheat area of central and northern Hebei Province. It is commonly known as wild wheat. It grows vigorously, has a well-developed root system, and has outstanding characteristics of drought resistance, tolerance to poor soil, and lodging resistance.
[0017] Based on the significant differences in the spike characteristics of wild wheat, it was divided into three types, numbered Y1 wild wheat, Y2 wild wheat, and Y3 wild wheat respectively. Among them, the spike length of Y2 wild wheat was significantly longer than that of common wheat and the other two types of wild wheat. Y2 wild wheat was finally selected as the male parent.
[0018] Furthermore, in step (2), the maternal wheat is grown on the east or west side of a vegetable greenhouse, using the partial shading of the greenhouse to reduce sunlight, inhibit the growth rate of the maternal wheat, and promote the flowering of both parents.
[0019] Furthermore, in step (5), the method of multigenerational propagation is as follows: ① Embryo rescue: 10-15 days after pollination, the embryos are taken out and cultured into seedlings using MS medium to improve the seedling rate; ② Environmental control: The temperature is maintained at 15-25℃, and 14-16 hours of light are provided every day. Supplemental light can be provided if necessary. The humidity is maintained at 60-70% to simulate the optimal growth conditions and shorten the growth period; at the same time, a planting density of 100-150 plants per square meter is selected to reduce the nutrient consumption of individual plants and promote the rapid heading of the group; ③ Accelerating propagation due to the difference between the north and south climates: The first generation is planted in Cangzhou in summer and the next generation is moved to Hainan in winter to achieve the propagation goal of 2-3 generations per year; ④ Accelerating development through chemical regulation: Gibberellin is sprayed during the seedling stage or jointing stage to promote stem elongation and heading, further shortening the flowering time.
[0020] The aforementioned new variety, Wangfa Wheat No. 1, possesses the following excellent characteristics:
[0021] It grows vigorously with a well-developed root system; the grains are dark red, and the plants produce large and plump grains with a thousand-grain weight of 52.3g, which is 14.7g more than the parent plant, representing an increase of 39.09%; the F1 generation has 20-24 tillers, with a plant height of 80cm, which is 12cm taller than the parent plant, and a single plant weight of 67.05g, which is 31.32g more than the parent plant, representing an increase of 87.65%.
[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0023] This invention uses the high-yielding, stable-yielding, winter-yielding, and early-maturing wheat variety He Nong 6425 as the female parent and the vigorous, well-developed root system, strong resistance to adverse conditions (especially drought and poor soil tolerance), and slender spikelet Y2 wild wheat as the male parent, to breed the new variety Wangfa Wheat No. 1 through sexual wide hybridization. This new variety not only combines the advantages of both parents—retaining the high-yielding, stable-yielding, winter-yielding, and early-maturing characteristics of He Nong 6425, but also inheriting the drought resistance, salt and alkali tolerance, poor soil tolerance, lodging resistance, and spikelet length advantages of the male parent Y2 wild wheat—but also significantly improves the shortcomings of traditional cultivated wheat, such as shallow root systems and low yields, achieving a breakthrough improvement in yield traits. Attached Figure Description
[0024] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.
[0025] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.
[0026] Figure 1 This invention showcases three types of wild wheat discovered along roadsides and field ridges in the winter wheat region of central and northern Hebei Province. Their leaf morphology is highly similar to that of cultivated wheat, but their spike characteristics are significantly different. They are respectively numbered as Y1 wild wheat, Y2 wild wheat, and Y3 wild wheat.
[0027] Figure 2 The growth of the high-quality wheat varieties He Nong 6425 (maternal parent), Y2 Wild Wheat (paternal parent), and their distant hybrid offspring F1 are shown in this invention.
[0028] Figure 3 The present invention showcases the high-quality wheat He Nong 6425 (female parent), Y2 wild wheat (male parent), and the F1 generation seed numbered 009 obtained by distant hybridization of the two;
[0029] Figure 4 The growth of the F2 generation (numbered 003) obtained by hybridization of the high-quality wheat Henong 6425 (maternal parent) with this invention is shown during the seedling stage.
[0030] Figure 5 The growth of the F2 generation (numbered 003) obtained by hybridization of the high-quality wheat Henong 6425 (maternal parent) with this invention is shown during the greening period.
[0031] Figure 6 The growth of the F2 generation (numbered 003) obtained by crossing the high-quality wheat Henong 6425 (maternal parent) with it in this invention is shown during the jointing stage.
[0032] Figure 7 The growth of the F2 generation (numbered 003) obtained by crossing the high-quality wheat Henong 6425 (female parent) with it in this invention is shown during the heading stage.
[0033] Figure 8 The grain-filling growth of the F2 generation (numbered 003) obtained by hybridization of the high-quality wheat Henong 6425 (maternal parent) with this invention is shown.
[0034] Figure 9 The growth of some F2 generations obtained by distant hybridization of the high-quality wheat Henong 6425 (female parent) and Y2 wild wheat (male parent) in this invention is shown.
[0035] Figure 10 The present invention displays the high-quality wheat He Nong 6425 (maternal parent) seeds, the F1 generation seed numbered 009 obtained by crossing it with Y2 wild wheat (paternal parent), and all the F2 generation seeds produced by this hybridization combination. Detailed Implementation
[0036] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0037] The usage process of this invention embodiment is as follows:
[0038] Taking the climate and environment of Cangzhou as an example, this breeding method is explained.
[0039] (1) Selecting parental lines
[0040] Wild wheat plants with leaf morphology highly similar to cultivated wheat were found along roadsides and field ridges in winter wheat growing areas. Based on significant differences in ear characteristics, they were divided into three types, numbered Y1 wild wheat, Y2 wild wheat, and Y3 wild wheat. Among them, the ear length of Y2 wild wheat was significantly longer than that of common wheat and the other two wild wheat species (e.g., common wheat, cultivated wheat, and cultivated wheat). Figure 1 Based on this characteristic, Y2 wild wheat was ultimately selected as the male parent and artificially crossbred with the high-quality wheat variety Henong 6425 (the female parent) through distant hybridization.
[0041] (2) Pollination and flowering periods coincide
[0042] Based on the characteristic that the male parent, wild wheat, has a later flowering period, the growth environment of the female parent, wheat, is adjusted to ensure that their flowering periods coincide.
[0043] (3) Artificial emasculation and pollination
[0044] Within 3 days of the female parent's spikelet emergence, the entire spikelet is emasculated and then isolated by covering it with a sulfuric acid paper bag. Mature male flowers of the male parent with yellowish-green anthers are selected, and pollination is completed by gently touching the stigma of the artificially emasculated female parent. Contamination must be avoided throughout the process, and the bag is re-covered after pollination.
[0045] (4) After packing, ripen
[0046] Hybrid wheat ears with soil stalks are packed into boxes, covered with plastic film to retain moisture, and allowed to ripen in cardboard boxes to ensure seed maturity without delaying the next crop sowing, thus obtaining mature F1 generation seeds.
[0047] (5) Vernalization treatment of the F1 generation wheat seeds.
[0048] During the seedling stage of wheat sowing in November and December, temperature-controlled greenhouses were used to place the wheat seedlings in a low-temperature environment of 5-8℃ and maintain a relative humidity of 60%-70% for 20-25 days to complete vernalization. Through multiple generations of targeted breeding, a new hybrid wheat variety with excellent comprehensive properties, Wangfa Wheat No. 1, was developed based on the second generation.
[0049] Compared to He Nong 6425 (female parent), the F1 generation obtained by distant hybridization with Y2 wild wheat (male parent) showed superior growth (e.g. Figure 2 Furthermore, the grains are fuller and longer (e.g., Figure 3 The success of this hybrid combination provides key parental materials for the subsequent breeding of high-yield and high-efficiency new wheat varieties.
[0050] Compared with the current domestic breeding model of conventional winter wheat with one harvest per year and a propagation coefficient of 10 to 20 times, the new hybrid wheat variety Wangfa Wheat No. 1 provided by this invention achieves increased efficiency through the following technological breakthroughs:
[0051] The annual breeding cycle is shortened: artificial temperature control is used to break the dormancy period, enabling 2-3 generations of breeding per year;
[0052] Cultivation mode optimization: adopt sparse planting cultivation, reduce the planting density by 20% to 30% compared with the conventional method, reduce competition among plants, and promote the tillering and ear formation rate;
[0053] Increased reproductive coefficient: Under experimental conditions, the reproductive coefficient can reach 25 to 35 times, which is more than 40% higher than that of traditional methods.
[0054] The specific propagation method for the new variety Wangfa Wheat No. 1 is as follows:
[0055] The generation cycle can be shortened by accelerating growth in greenhouses and then integrating it with open fields. The specific methods are as follows:
[0056] (1) Greenhouse addition (winter)
[0057] Sowing time: In early December, select plump hybrid F1 seeds and sow them in greenhouse nutrient pots. The substrate ratio is well-rotted straw: garden soil: organic fertilizer = 3:5:2 to ensure fertility.
[0058] Environmental control: Maintain daytime temperatures between 15 and 20°C and nighttime temperatures no lower than 10°C. This can be achieved through heating or temperature control equipment to avoid interference from low-temperature vernalization. Provide artificial lighting for up to 14 hours daily, using LED plant lights with an intensity of 3000–5000 lux to promote heading and grain filling.
[0059] Management and control: Control watering and suppress seedling growth during the 3-4 leaf stage. Spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.1% boron fertilizer during the heading stage to promote grain filling. F2 generation seeds can be harvested in about 100-120 days, which is 40-50 days shorter than open field planting.
[0060] (2) Greenhouse generation (spring and summer)
[0061] Sowing schedule: At the end of April, sun-dry the seeds harvested in the greenhouse for 3-5 days. In early May, sow the sun-dried seeds directly in well-drained fields to avoid waterlogging during the summer rainy season. Reduce planting density by 30% compared to conventional methods (row spacing 30cm, plant spacing 15cm) to reduce competition among plants.
[0062] Stress management: During the jointing stage, spray the tall hybrid offspring with 5% acetamiprid EC diluted 300 times to control excessive growth and prevent lodging; during the high temperatures of July and August, when the temperature reaches above 35℃, set up a shade net with a shading rate of 30% after heading, or spray water in the evening to cool down, in order to avoid premature ripening due to high temperature.
[0063] Harvest time: The growing period is about 90 to 100 days. Harvest should be carried out before the peak of summer drought in late July to early August to ensure that the grains are plump.
[0064] (3) Greenhouse addition (autumn)
[0065] Sowing transition: Seeds harvested in August should be sown in early to mid-September to allow for natural cooling and vernalization. If the offspring require vernalization, mulch can be used in November to retain heat and ensure the accumulation of low temperatures during winter.
[0066] Management to promote early maturity: Spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + brassinolide in late October to accelerate growth.
[0067] Harvest time: early December (before frost), growing period is about 100-110 days, and the seeds can be directly used for the next round of greenhouse generation after harvest.
[0068] (4) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds harvested from each generation in 50°C warm water for 10 minutes to kill pathogens such as smut that may be carried by wild wheat and avoid cross-infection.
[0069] (5) Trait screening: Before each generation is harvested, priority is given to retaining single plants with 3 to 5 tillers, a panicle formation rate of over 70%, and no grain shattering (excluding wild wheat with strong grain shattering characteristics) to optimize the propagation coefficient.
[0070] Through this "greenhouse + open field" three-season cycle, three generations of breeding can be completed each year, which significantly accelerates the breeding process compared to the conventional one generation per year. It is also adapted to the climate rhythm of Cangzhou and takes into account both generation efficiency and seed quality.
[0071] The aforementioned artificial lighting refers to the following: Wheat, as a long-day self-pollinating crop, has a significantly increased need for light after its jointing stage. Generally, one 30-50W fluorescent lamp is installed for every 50 square meters, with the lamp tube 0.8-1.5m above the ground. The lamps are turned on from 6 pm to 8 am the following morning, for a total of 14 hours, to simulate long-day conditions.
[0072] This variety is suitable for planting in brown soil or sandy loam areas. Sowing time is September 27th, with a sowing rate of 11.5 catties per mu (approximately 7.75 catties per hectare). The sowing rate may be adjusted depending on the sowing time. Apply approximately 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu at sowing (consistent with field standards). Seedlings emerge on October 4th; tillering stage on October 19th; irrigation on November 24th (minimum temperature -17℃ to -20℃); greening stage on March 21st, irrigation to promote tillering, application of 83 catties of compound fertilizer per mu, and intensified cultivation; management after jointing according to wheat growth; heading on April 30th; grain filling on May 15th, control of aphids and other pests and diseases; waxy ripening stage on May 30th; maturity on June 8th.
[0073] Judging from its growth, this variety's emergence period (such as...) Figure 4 ), the greening period (such as Figure 5 ), rising period (such as Figure 6 ), heading period (such as Figure 7 ), Grouting period (such as Figure 8 The growth of the plants was better than that of He Nong 6425 (the parent plant).
[0074] Based on years of trials, the following are the suitable areas or environmental conditions for planting Wangfa Wheat No. 1, as well as the key cultivation techniques:
[0075] (1) Variety characteristics: Wangfa Wheat No. 1 has a plant height of 87.7cm, an ear length of 10.0cm, 59.0 grains per ear, 160 plants per meter, a thousand-grain weight of 54.48g, and a yield of 1693 jin per mu. The grains are of medium size, suitable for large-scale cultivation in medium or higher fertile soils. After years of propagation and cultivation experiments, the following table records the phenotypic characteristics of the F2 generation of the He Nong 6425*Y2 wild wheat hybrid population:
[0076]
[0077]
[0078] As can be seen from the table above, under the same sowing conditions, the number of ears per mu (unit of land area) of the F2 generation increased by 1.15 million to 2.06 million compared to He Nong 6425 (the female parent), with an average increase of 1.6 million, representing a growth rate of 55.53%. In terms of plant height, some lines increased by 10 cm. In terms of thousand-grain weight, the average weight exceeded 50g, with high-yielding lines reaching over 51g, and the highest reaching 54.48g, with plump grains. In terms of yield, the highest measured yield per mu in the plot increased by 310 jin compared to the female parent, representing a growth rate of 22.41%.
[0079] Furthermore, judging from the wheat growth, the F2 generation shows considerable growth (e.g. Figure 9 From the perspective of grain color, the F2 generation shows obvious differences from the parent parent (e.g., Figure 10 It is worth noting that although the thousand-grain weight and yield of the diseased varieties decreased with the severity of the disease at the waxy ripening stage, their yield was still no lower than that of the maternal parent, indicating that the distant hybridization combination of He Nong 6425 (maternal parent) and Y2 wild wheat (paternal parent) has certain potential in terms of disease resistance and stable yield.
[0080] (2) Adaptable regions: Since 2021, Wangfa Wheat No. 1 has been propagated in Qingxian County, Xianxian County and Nanpi County of Hebei Province for multiple generations. It has grown and developed well in irrigated land, dry land and fertile land, proving that the variety has a wide adaptability.
[0081] (3) Cultivation points: Wangfa Wheat No. 1 is suitable for planting in brown soil or sandy loam areas. The sowing period is September 27th, with a sowing rate of 11.5 jin per mu. The sowing amount needs to be adjusted according to the sowing time. Apply about 50 jin of compound fertilizer per mu at the time of sowing (consistent with the field standard). Seedlings emerge on October 4th; tillering stage on October 19th; watering on November 24th, with a minimum temperature of -17℃ to -20℃; greening stage on March 21st, watering to promote tillering, applying 83 jin of compound fertilizer per mu, and strengthening inter-row cultivation and hoeing; after jointing, management should be carried out according to the growth of wheat; heading on April 30th, grain filling on May 15th, and prevention and control of aphids and other pests and diseases are required; waxy ripening stage on May 30th; maturity on June 8th.
[0082] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for breeding and propagating wild wheat through distant sexual hybridization with high-quality wheat, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Selecting parental lines He Nong 6425 was selected as the female parent and wild wheat of type Y2 was selected as the male parent for distant artificial sexual hybridization. The female parent should be selected from the main spike of the plant with strong growth, and 11 spikelets should be retained at the upper part of the main spike. Each selected spikelet should retain 2 well-developed florets at the base. (2) Pollination and flowering periods coincide Based on the characteristic that the male parent, wild wheat, has a later flowering period, the growth environment of the female parent, wheat, is adjusted to ensure that their flowering periods coincide. (3) Artificial emasculation and pollination Within 3 days of the female parent's ear emergence, the entire ear is emasculated and isolated by covering it with a sulfuric acid paper bag. Select mature male flowers of the male parent with yellow-green anthers and gently touch the stigma of the manually emasculated female parent to complete pollination. Avoid contamination throughout the process and re-bag the ear after pollination. (4) After packing, ripen Hybrid wheat ears with soil stalks are packed into boxes, covered with plastic film to retain moisture, and allowed to ripen in cardboard boxes to ensure seed maturity without delaying the next crop sowing, thus obtaining mature F1 generation seeds. (5) Vernalization treatment and generational propagation were carried out on the F1 generation wheat seeds to cultivate a new wheat variety, named Wangfa Wheat No.
1.
2. The method for breeding and propagation of wild wheat and high-quality wheat through distant artificial sexual hybridization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wild wheat mentioned is jointed wheat.
3. The method for breeding and propagation of wild wheat and high-quality wheat through distant artificial sexual hybridization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Wangfa Wheat No. 1 variety has the following characteristics: vigorous growth and well-developed root system; deep red grains; large and plump grains; thousand-grain weight of 52.3g, an increase of 14.7g compared to the parent plant, representing an increase of 39.09%; F1 generation has 20-24 tillers, plant height of 80cm, an increase of 12cm compared to the parent plant, and a single plant weight of 67.05g, an increase of 31.32g compared to the parent plant, representing an increase of 87.65%.
4. The method for breeding and propagation of wild wheat and high-quality wheat through distant artificial sexual hybridization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the parent plant has the characteristics of winter early maturity and high and stable yield.
5. The method for breeding and propagation of wild wheat and high-quality wheat through distant artificial sexual hybridization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the parent plant is a plant whose leaf morphology is highly similar to that of cultivated wheat, found on the roadside and field ridges in the winter wheat area. It is commonly known as wild wheat. It grows vigorously, has a well-developed root system, and has outstanding characteristics of drought resistance, tolerance to poor soil, and lodging resistance. Based on the significant differences in the spike characteristics of wild wheat, it was divided into three types, numbered Y1 wild wheat, Y2 wild wheat, and Y3 wild wheat respectively. Among them, the spike length of Y2 wild wheat was significantly longer than that of common wheat and the other two types of wild wheat. Y2 wild wheat was finally selected as the male parent.
6. The method for breeding and propagation of wild wheat and high-quality wheat through distant artificial sexual hybridization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the growing environment of the maternal wheat is partial shading to reduce light exposure, inhibit the growth rate of the maternal wheat, and promote the flowering period of both parents to coincide.
7. The method for breeding and propagation of wild wheat and high-quality wheat through distant artificial sexual hybridization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the multigeneration propagation method is as follows: ① Embryo rescue: 10-15 days after pollination, the embryos are taken out and cultured into seedlings using MS medium to improve the seedling rate; ② Environmental control: The temperature is maintained at 15-25℃, and 14-16 hours of light are provided every day. Supplemental light can be provided if necessary. The humidity is maintained at 60-70% to simulate the optimal growth conditions and shorten the growth period; at the same time, a planting density of 100-150 plants per square meter is selected to reduce the nutrient consumption of individual plants and promote rapid heading of the population; ③ Accelerating propagation due to the difference between the north and south climates: The first generation is planted in the winter wheat area of North China in summer and the next generation is planted in the winter wheat area of South China in winter, thereby achieving the propagation goal of 2-3 generations per year; ④ Accelerating development through chemical regulation: Gibberellin is sprayed during the seedling or jointing stage to promote stem elongation and heading, further shortening the flowering time.
8. The method for breeding and propagation of wild wheat and high-quality wheat through distant artificial sexual hybridization according to claim 5, characterized in that, The North China winter wheat region in step ③ specifically refers to the winter wheat region in the central and northern parts of Hebei Province, and the South China winter wheat region specifically refers to the winter wheat region in Hainan Province.