Ship efficient wing-shaped sail with winglet

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship efficient airfoil sail with a winglet, which comprises a main wing, the winglet, a mast structure, a lifting mechanism, a rotary driving device, an angle adjusting mechanism and an intelligent control system, and is characterized in that the winglet with an adjustable angle is mounted at the wingtip of the main wing, so that the airflow flowing state at the end part of the main wing can be effectively changed, and the airfoil sail can be effectively controlled. Wingtip vortexes are inhibited, and induced resistance is reduced; the angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the angle of the winglet according to the actual wind condition, the induced resistance is effectively reduced, and the overall aerodynamic efficiency of the sail is improved; the sail is automatically adjusted by controlling the lifting mechanism, the rotary driving device and the angle adjusting mechanism. The sail system can improve the wind energy capturing and converting efficiency of the sail, assists a ship in emission reduction and efficiency improvement through wind energy, can adapt to different ship types and navigation working conditions, has the advantages of being reasonable in structure, remarkable in energy saving, wide in application range and the like, has important significance in promoting green shipping development of the ship, and can achieve energy-saving and efficiency-improving green navigation of the ship.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of unmanned sailboats, and particularly relates to a ship high-efficiency airfoil sail with wing tip winglet. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ship transportation is an important support for global trade, but traditional fuel power brings problems such as energy consumption and pollution gas emission. Wind energy, as a clean and renewable energy, is highly concerned in the shipping industry. The airfoil sail can efficiently utilize wind energy by utilizing Bernoulli's principle, thereby assisting the propulsion of the ship and reducing the fuel consumption of the ship. However, the existing airfoil sail has the following problems: when the ship is sailing, the airflow flowing through the main wing will form strong vortexes at the wing tip, which not only consumes a large amount of energy, but also increases the induced drag, reduces the efficiency of the sail, and limits the efficiency of wind energy utilization, thereby reducing the overall efficiency of the ship sailing. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application discloses a ship high-efficiency airfoil sail with wing tip winglet to overcome the above technical problems.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A ship high-efficiency airfoil sail with wing tip winglet, comprising: a main wing, a wing tip winglet, a mast structure, a lifting mechanism, a rotary driving device, an angle adjusting mechanism, and an intelligent control system. The mast structure is vertically arranged on the deck of the ship. The main wing is fixedly arranged at the top of the mast structure, and the mast structure is coplanar with the center plane of the main wing. The wing tip winglet is arranged at the top of the main wing and connected to the main wing through the angle adjusting mechanism. The intelligent control system is used to obtain the running data of the sailboat, and to obtain the optimal height data of the main wing, the optimal attack angle data of the main wing, and the optimal angle data of the wing tip winglet according to the running data of the sailboat. The lifting mechanism is in communication connection with the intelligent control system to receive the optimal height data of the main wing, and then drive the lifting mechanism through the intelligent control system to lift the mast structure, so as to adjust the height of the main wing. The rotary driving device is in communication connection with the intelligent control system to receive the optimal attack angle data of the main wing, and then drive the rotary driving device through the intelligent control system to rotate the mast structure, so as to adjust the attack angle of the main wing relative to the wind direction. The angle adjusting mechanism is in communication connection with the intelligent control system to receive the optimal angle data of the wing tip winglet, and then drive the angle adjusting mechanism through the intelligent control system to adjust the angle between the wing tip winglet and the main wing.

[0005] Further, the angle adjusting mechanism comprises: a first transmission rod, two first transmission gears, a second transmission rod, two second transmission gears, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic valve, a hydraulic motor; The first transmission rod is rotationally arranged on the top of the main wing, the axis of the first transmission rod is perpendicular to the axis of the mast structure, and the axis of the first transmission rod is coplanar with the central plane of the main wing; The two first transmission gears are coaxially fixed on the two sides of the first transmission rod; The second transmission rod is rotationally arranged on the top of the main wing, and the second transmission rod is arranged on the side of the first transmission rod away from the deck of the ship; the two second transmission gears are coaxially fixed on the two sides of the second transmission rod; the second transmission gears are externally meshed and connected with the first transmission gears; the winglet is fixedly connected with the second transmission rod; the winglet can rotate with the rotation of the second transmission rod; The hydraulic valve arranged between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor is in communication connection with the intelligent control system; the output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected with the first transmission rod; the hydraulic pump is connected with the hydraulic cylinder.

[0006] Further, the angle adjusting mechanism further comprises an angle sensor connected with the intelligent control system, for acquiring real-time angle data of the winglet and transmitting the angle data to the intelligent control system.

[0007] Further, the winglet comprises a winglet connecting part and a winglet main body; The winglet main body is fixedly connected with the winglet connecting part; The winglet connecting part is fixedly connected with the second transmission rod, and the central plane of the winglet main body is coplanar with the axis of the second transmission rod.

[0008] Further, the method for acquiring the optimal height data of the main wing, the optimal attack angle data of the main wing, and the optimal angle data of the winglet is as follows: S1: randomly generating an initial population, wherein each individual in the population is a combination of the height of the main wing, the attack angle of the main wing, and the angle of the winglet; S2: acquiring the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the fuel consumption of the sailboat, and the stability safety factor of the ship according to the running data of the sailboat, including the ship speed, the wind speed, the wind direction, and the ship roll angle; S3: establishing a fitness function according to the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the fuel consumption of the sailboat, and the stability safety factor of the ship to acquire the fitness value of the individual; S4: According to the fitness value of the individual, a roulette selection method is adopted to obtain the probability of each individual being selected, so as to obtain the selected individual; S5: For the selected individual, cross operation and mutation operation are sequentially performed to obtain the optimized individual; S6: Based on the optimized individual, steps S2-S5 are repeated until a preset iteration number is reached, or the change value of the fitness value of the individual in the population is less than a set threshold value; According to the individual with the highest fitness value in the optimized individual at this time, the height data of the best main wing, the attack angle data of the best main wing, and the angle data of the best wing tip winglet can be obtained.

[0009] Further, in S2, the formula used to obtain the propulsion efficiency of the sail is as follows:

[0010] In the formula, represents the propulsion efficiency of the sail; represents the lift coefficient; represents the drag coefficient; represents the relative wind angle; represents the sailing speed of the sailboat; represents the wind speed; The formula used to obtain the fuel consumption of the sailboat is as follows:

[0011] In the formula, represents the fuel consumption of the sailboat; represents the total resistance of the sailboat; represents the sail thrust; represents the sailing speed of the sailboat; represents the propeller torque coefficient; represents the wake coefficient; represents the main engine oil consumption rate; represents the sailing time; represents the shaft transmission efficiency; represents the relative rotation efficiency of the propeller; represents the propeller thrust coefficient; represents the propeller advance speed coefficient; represents the thrust deduction coefficient; The formula used to obtain the stability safety factor of the sailboat is as follows:

[0012] In the formula, represents the stability safety factor of the ship; represents the limiting roll angle; represents the righting moment of the ship; represents the wind heeling moment; represents the ship heeling angle.

[0013] Further, in the S3, the fitness function is represented as follows:

[0014] In the formula: represents the fitness value of the i-th individual; respectively represent the weight of the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the weight of the fuel consumption of the sailboat, and the weight of the stability safety factor of the ship; represents the i-th individual; represents the index number of the individual.

[0015] Further, in the S4, the formula for obtaining the probability of each individual being selected is as follows:

[0016] In the formula, represents the fitness value of the i-th individual; represents the total number of individuals; represents the probability of the i-th individual being selected.

[0017] Further, the intelligent control system comprises a sensor unit, a data processing and analysis unit, a control execution unit, and a human-computer interaction unit; The sensor unit is used to obtain the running data of the sailboat, including a wind speed and direction sensor, a speed sensor, and a gyroscope. The wind speed and direction sensor is used to obtain the wind speed and direction in real time. The speed sensor is used to obtain the ship speed. The gyroscope is used to obtain the ship heeling angle. The data processing and analysis unit is used to obtain the height data of the best main wing, the attack angle data of the best main wing, and the angle data of the wingtip winglet according to the running data of the sailboat, and transmit them to the control execution unit. The control execution unit is used to drive the lifting mechanism to lift the mast structure to adjust the height of the main wing, drive the rotary drive device to rotate the mast structure to adjust the attack angle of the main wing relative to the wind direction, and drive the angle adjustment mechanism to adjust the angle between the wingtip winglet and the main wing.

[0018] ​​​​​​Further, a human-computer interaction unit is further included for displaying the running state of the ship and the sail in real time, including the height data of the main wing, the attack angle data of the main wing, the angle data of the wing tip winglet, the wind speed, the wind direction, the ship speed and the ship roll angle.

[0019] Beneficial effects: the ship high-efficiency airfoil sail with wing tip winglet of the application aims to solve the problem of low wind energy utilization efficiency of traditional ship sails, and comprises a main wing, a wing tip winglet, a mast structure, a lifting mechanism, a rotary driving device, an angle adjusting mechanism and an intelligent control system, wherein the wing tip winglet with adjustable angle is installed at the wing tip of the main wing, which can effectively change the airflow flow state of the end of the main wing, suppress the wing tip vortex and reduce the induced drag; the lifting mechanism can lift or lower the sail; the rotary driving device can drive the whole sail system to rotate 360 degrees around the vertical shaft; the angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the angle of the wing tip winglet according to the actual wind condition, effectively reduce the induced drag and improve the overall aerodynamic efficiency of the sail; through controlling the lifting mechanism, the rotary driving device and the angle adjusting mechanism, the automatic adjustment of the sail is realized. The sail system can improve the capture and conversion efficiency of wind energy of the sail, help the ship to utilize wind energy to reduce emissions and increase efficiency, can be adapted to different ship types and navigation conditions, has the advantages of reasonable structure, significant energy saving, wide application range and the like, has important significance for promoting the development of green shipping of the ship, and realizes the green navigation of the ship energy saving and efficiency increasing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ship high-efficiency airfoil sail with wing tip winglet of the application. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the main wing and the wing tip winglet in the embodiment of the application. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the wing tip winglet structure in the embodiment of the application. Figure 4 It is a flowchart of obtaining the running data of the sail ship in the embodiment of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] The embodiment introduces a high-efficiency wing sail of a ship with wing tip winglets, as shown in Figure 1 The embodiment introduces a high-efficiency wing sail of a ship with wing tip winglets, as shown in The mast structure 4 is vertically arranged with the deck of the ship. Specifically, the mast structure 4 of the embodiment has a solid structure for supporting and fixing the entire sail system on the deck, bearing the huge load generated by wind and ship movement. Carbon fiber composite material is selected so that the mast structure 4 has sufficient strength and stability to bear various loads received by the sail during work. The outer epoxy resin protective layer of the mast is subjected to corrosion treatment, the cross-sectional shape is circular, and the structure is a hollow segmented sleeve structure. The hollow structure can be arranged with cables, hydraulic pipelines and maintenance channels. The flanges are connected between each segment, and high-strength bolts are used in conjunction with positioning pins. From bottom to top, each segment of the mast is nested in turn, and the inner diameter decreases in turn. When the wing sail is raised, the upper mast is lifted, and its lower part overlaps and connects with the upper part of the mast of the lower layer in turn, forming a telescopic sleeve structure, which can adjust the height of the mast structure and further adjust the height of the main wing. In addition, the mast structure 4 is installed on the deck of the ship through the rotating drive device 5 and the lifting mechanism 6.

[0024] The main wing 2 is fixedly arranged at the top of the mast structure 4, and the center plane of the mast structure 4 and the main wing 2 is coplanar; so that the main wing 2 can rotate around the axis of the mast structure 4 with the rotation of the mast structure 4; Specifically, the main wing 2 is the main part of the sail, is the core component of generating aerodynamic force, adopts a high-efficiency hard sail device, and adopts a high-strength, light-weight and corrosion-resistant carbon fiber composite material, can work stably for a long time in a harsh marine environment, reduces maintenance cost and downtime, and has a cross section similar to an aircraft wing, has an arc windward surface and a leeward surface, and is arranged along the transverse direction of the ship. The cross section is similar to the aircraft wing, utilizes the Bernoulli principle, that is, the pressure difference force is generated when the air flows through the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil, and the wind wing is adjusted by adjusting the windward angle to utilize the pressure difference force to push the ship forward. In addition, the main wing 2 can also rotate 360° with the rotation of the mast structure, and can work under various wind direction conditions such as crosswind and headwind. The main wing is provided with a reinforcing rib structure to improve the structural strength and stability, so that it can work normally under strong wind conditions.

[0025] The wing tip winglet 1 is arranged at the top of the main wing 2 and connected with the main wing 2 through the angle adjusting mechanism 3. Figure 2 As shown in the figure. Specifically, the wing tip winglet 1 is a key component installed at the wing tip of the top end of the main wing 2, which is used to optimize the tip airflow and reduce the induced drag. The cross section of the wing tip winglet 1 is similar to that of an aircraft wing, and an angle-adjustable design is adopted, which is connected with the end of the main wing 2 through the angle adjusting mechanism 3. The shape of the wing tip winglet 1 can adapt to the special airflow environment at the end of the main wing 2.

[0026] The intelligent control system 7 is used to obtain the running data of the sailboat, so as to obtain the optimal height data of the main wing, the optimal attack angle data of the main wing and the optimal angle data of the wing tip winglet according to the running data of the sailboat. The lifting mechanism 6 is in communication connection with the intelligent control system 7 to receive the optimal height data of the main wing, and then drive the lifting mechanism 6 through the intelligent control system 7, so that the mast structure 4 performs lifting movement to adjust the height of the main wing. Specifically, the lifting mechanism 6 is used to control the height of the sail system, adopts a hydraulic-driven chain transmission mechanism, can stably realize the lifting operation of the mast structure, and then realizes the lifting operation of the whole sail system, improves the stability and safety of the ship. A plurality of limit switches are arranged on the mast structure 4, when the sail is raised or lowered to the preset limit position, the limit switch will automatically trigger, so that the lifting mechanism 6 stops working, to ensure the safety of operation. In addition, the lifting mechanism 6 is also equipped with an overload protection device, which will automatically start when the load is too large due to abnormal resistance, to avoid damage to the equipment. The lifting mechanism in the embodiment adopts a conventional structure in the art, and the structural details will not be described in detail here.

[0027] The rotating driving device 5 is in communication connection with the intelligent control system 7 to receive the attack angle data of the optimal main wing, and the rotating driving device 5 is driven by the intelligent control system 7 to rotate the mast structure 4, so as to adjust the attack angle of the main wing 2 relative to the wind direction; Specifically, the rotating driving device 5 of the embodiment is located at the bottom of the mast 4, and the rotating driving device 5 drives the rotation of the mast structure by receiving the adjustment instruction of the intelligent control system 7, so as to realize the 360° rotation of the entire sail including the main wing and the winglet around the vertical axis, to accurately adjust the attack angle of the main wing 2 relative to the wind direction, maximize the utilization of wind energy, and improve the efficiency of the sail.

[0028] The rotating driving device 5 of the embodiment is driven by a hydraulic pump driven by an independent motor, and the hydraulic motor is a trochoid motor or an axial plunger motor. The rated torque is determined according to the load of the mast. In addition, the absolute value encoder installed on the output shaft of the rotating driving device 5 can monitor the rotation angle in real time and feed back the signal to the intelligent control system 7. The intelligent control system 7 compares the feedback signal with the calculated optimal angle value, adjusts the flow of the hydraulic system, and realizes the accurate control of the rotation angle of the mast 4, to ensure that the sail is always at the optimal wind-approaching angle. The rotating driving device 5 is a prior art, which will not be described here.

[0029] The angle adjusting mechanism 3 is in communication connection with the intelligent control system 7 to receive the angle data of the optimal winglet 1, and the angle adjusting mechanism 3 is driven by the intelligent control system 7 to adjust the angle between the winglet and the main wing. Preferably, the angle adjusting mechanism 3 comprises a first transmission rod 31, two first transmission gears 33, a second transmission rod 34, two second transmission gears 35, a hydraulic pump 36, a hydraulic valve 37, and a hydraulic motor 38. The first transmission rod 31 is rotationally arranged at the top of the main wing 2, and the axis of the first transmission rod 31 is perpendicular to the axis of the mast structure 4, and the axis of the first transmission rod 31 is coplanar with the central plane of the main wing 2. Specifically, the axis of the first transmission rod 31 is located on the central plane of the sail surface of the main wing. The two first transmission gears 33 are coaxially and fixedly arranged on the two sides of the first transmission rod 31, so that the first transmission gears 33 can rotate with the rotation of the first transmission rod 31. The second transmission rod 34 is arranged at the top of the main wing 2 and is arranged on the side of the first transmission rod 31 away from the deck of the ship; two second transmission gears 35 are coaxially fixed on the two sides of the second transmission rod 34; the second transmission gears 35 are externally meshed with the first transmission gears 33; specifically, when the first transmission gears 33 rotate, the second transmission gears 35 rotate due to the external meshing with the first transmission gears 33, thereby driving the second transmission rod 34 to rotate.

[0030] The winglet 1 is fixedly connected with the second transmission rod 34; the winglet 1 can rotate with the rotation of the second transmission rod 34; The intelligent control system 7 is in communication connection with the hydraulic valve 37 arranged between the hydraulic pump 36 and the hydraulic motor 38, so as to control the opening of the hydraulic valve and further control the output speed of the hydraulic motor, so that the mechanical energy is transmitted to the second transmission rod through the first transmission rod, the first transmission gear, the second transmission gear, and the second transmission rod in turn, thereby controlling the rotation angle of the second transmission rod and adjusting the angle between the winglet and the main wing; the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 38 is connected with the first transmission rod 31; the hydraulic pump is connected with the oil cylinder.

[0031] Specifically, the angle adjusting mechanism 3 adopts a hydraulic driving mode and can accurately adjust the angle of the winglet 1 according to the instruction of the intelligent control system 7, and the adjustment range is ±30 degrees. When the ship sails under different wind directions and wind speeds, the intelligent control system 7 calculates the optimal angle of the winglet 1 according to the real-time collected data and adjusts the angle through the angle adjusting mechanism 3, thereby effectively reducing the induced drag of the end of the main wing 2 and improving the propulsion efficiency of the sail. In addition, when the winglet 1 is perpendicular to the deck of the ship, the aspect ratio of the ship sail increases, which can improve the thrust and aerodynamic efficiency of the sail.

[0032] Specifically, the angle adjusting mechanism 3 receives the adjustment instruction of the intelligent control system 7, converts the control signal into hydraulic energy, and then converts the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy through the hydraulic motor 15 to output torque and speed, so as to realize the angle adjustment of the winglet 1 through the transmission gear, effectively reduce the induced drag, and improve the operation efficiency of the sail.

[0033] Preferably, the angle adjusting mechanism 3 further comprises an angle sensor 32 connected with the intelligent control system 7, which is used to acquire real-time angle data of the winglet and transmit the data to the intelligent control system, so as to assist the intelligent control system 7 in adjusting the angle between the winglet and the main wing. Specifically, the angle sensor can monitor the angle of the winglet 1 in real time and feed back the signal to the intelligent control system 7, forming a closed-loop control to ensure the accuracy of the angle adjustment.

[0034] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the winglet 1 includes: a winglet connecting part 11 and a winglet body 12; The winglet body 12 is fixedly connected to the winglet connecting part 11; The winglet connecting part 11 is fixedly connected to the second transmission rod 34. The center plane of the winglet body 12 is coplanar with the axis of the second transmission rod 34, so that the winglet can rotate with the rotation of the second transmission rod 34, thereby realizing the adjustment of the winglet angle.

[0035] Preferably, the high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets in this embodiment also includes a human-machine interface unit for real-time display of the ship's and sail's operating status, including the main wing's height data, the main wing's angle of attack data, the winglet's angle data, wind speed, wind direction, ship speed, ship heel angle, etc.

[0036] Preferably, the intelligent control system 7 includes a sensor unit, a data processing and analysis unit, a control execution unit, and a human-computer interaction unit; The sensor unit is used to acquire the operating data of the sailboat, including wind speed, wind direction, boat speed, and boat heel angle. Preferably, the sensor unit includes: a wind speed and direction sensor, a flight speed sensor, and a gyroscope; The wind speed and direction sensor is used to acquire wind speed and direction in real time. The speed sensor is used to obtain the ship's speed through the Doppler effect; The gyroscope is used to obtain the ship's roll angle.

[0037] Specifically, the sensor unit can monitor and collect the operating status of the sailboat in real time, including wind speed, wind direction, boat speed, and boat heel angle, and transmit the collected sailboat operating data to the data processing and analysis unit.

[0038] The data processing and analysis unit is used to obtain the optimal main wing height, the optimal main wing angle of attack relative to the wind direction, and the optimal angle between the main wing and the winglet based on the sailboat's operating data; and transmit these values ​​to the control execution unit. The data processing and analysis unit in this embodiment uses a high-performance microprocessor to analyze and process the collected data, and calculates the optimal height of the sail and the optimal angle of the main wing 2 and the winglet 1 under the current wind conditions based on a genetic algorithm.

[0039] The control execution unit is configured to drive the lifting mechanism 6 to lift the mast structure 4 to adjust the height of the main wing, drive the rotary driving device 5 to rotate the mast structure 4 to adjust the angle of attack of the main wing 2 relative to the wind direction, and drive the angle adjustment mechanism 3 to adjust the angle between the winglet and the main wing.

[0040] Specifically, the control execution unit sends adjustment instructions to the lifting mechanism 6, the rotary driving device 5, and the angle adjustment mechanism 3 according to the calculation results of the data processing and analysis unit to adjust the height of the mast structure 4, the angle of attack of the main wing 2 relative to the wind direction, and the angle between the winglet and the main wing 2, thereby achieving automatic adjustment of the sail.

[0041] Preferably, as shown in Figure 4 The method for obtaining the optimal height data of the main wing, the optimal angle of attack data of the main wing, and the optimal angle data of the winglet is as follows: S1: randomly generate an initial population, wherein each individual in the population is a combination of the height of the main wing, the angle of attack of the main wing, and the angle of the winglet; Specifically, an initial population formed by combinations of the height of the main wing, the angle of attack of the main wing, and the angle of the winglet 1 is generated, wherein each combination of the height of the main wing, the angle of attack of the main wing, and the angle of the winglet 1 represents an individual. In this embodiment, the height of the sail is randomly selected between 5-30 meters, the angle of the main wing 2 is randomly selected between 0°-360°, and the angle of the winglet 1 is randomly selected between -30° and +30°.

[0042] S2: obtain the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the fuel consumption of the sail, and the stability safety factor of the ship according to the ship speed, the wind speed, the wind direction, and the ship roll angle; The calculation of the propulsion efficiency of the sail is shown in formula (S-1): (S-1) In the formula, represents the propulsion efficiency of the sail; represents the lift coefficient; represents the drag coefficient; represents the relative wind angle; represents the sailing speed of the sail; represents the wind speed; The calculation of the fuel consumption of the sail is shown in formula (S-2): (S-2) In the formula, represents the fuel consumption of the sail; represents the total resistance of the sail; represents the sail thrust; Indicates the speed of a sailboat; Indicates the propeller torque coefficient; Indicates the wake coefficient; Indicates the fuel consumption rate of the main engine; Indicates sailing time; Indicates the transmission efficiency of the shaft system; Indicates the relative rotational efficiency of the propeller; Indicates the propeller thrust coefficient; Indicates the propeller advance coefficient; Indicates the thrust reduction factor; The safety factor for the stability of a sailboat is calculated as shown in formula (S-3): (S-3) In the formula, Indicates the safety factor for ship stability; Indicates the limiting yaw angle; Indicates the ship's restoring moment; Indicates wind-driven tilting moment; Indicates the ship's heel angle.

[0043] S3: Based on the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the fuel consumption of the sailboat, and the ship's stability safety factor, establish a fitness function to obtain the fitness value of an individual. Preferably, the established fitness function is expressed as follows:

[0044] In the formula: Indicates the first The fitness value of each individual; , , The weights are respectively the weights of the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the weight of the fuel consumption of the sailboat, and the weight of the ship's stability safety factor; Indicates the first Individual; Indicates the index number of an individual.

[0045] Specifically, based on current environmental data such as wind speed and direction, a comprehensive index is calculated for each individual vessel, including sail propulsion efficiency, fuel consumption, and hull stability, to construct a fitness function. In the comprehensive score, sail propulsion efficiency accounts for 20%, fuel consumption for 30%, and hull stability for 50%. The higher the comprehensive score, the higher the individual's fitness value.

[0046] S4: Based on the fitness value of an individual, use the roulette wheel selection method to obtain the probability of each individual being selected, and then obtain the selected individuals; Based on the fitness value, a roulette selection method is used to select individuals with higher fitness from the current population, i.e. individuals whose probability of being selected is greater than a set probability threshold, so that they have a greater probability of entering the next generation population. Each individual The probability of being selected is calculated as shown in formula (S-4): (S-4) In the formula, denotes the fitness value of the i-th individual; is the total number of individuals; denotes the probability of the i-th individual being selected.

[0047] S5: For the selected individuals, cross operation and mutation operation are performed in turn to obtain optimized individuals; Specifically, the selected individuals are paired two by two, and part of the genes (i.e. the height of the sail, the angle of the main wing and the angle of the winglet) are exchanged according to a crossover probability of 0.8 to generate new individuals. For the generated new individuals, part of the gene values are randomly changed according to a mutation probability of 0.01 to obtain optimized individuals, so as to maintain the diversity of the population and avoid the algorithm falling into a local optimal solution.

[0048] S6: Based on the optimized individuals, steps S2-S5 are repeated, and the overall fitness of the population is continuously improved through multiple generations of evolution. Until a preset number of iterations is reached, or the change value of the fitness value of the individuals in the population is less than a set threshold, the iteration is stopped. At this time, the individual with the highest fitness value among the optimized individuals, i.e. the individual capable of obtaining the best height data of the main wing, the best angle of attack data of the main wing and the best angle data of the winglet, is obtained.

[0049] Specifically, the individual with the highest fitness is selected from the final population, and the combination of the sail height and sail angle corresponding to the individual is the optimal selection after the genetic algorithm optimization, which is used to control the adjustment of the sail by the lifting mechanism 6, the rotary drive device 5 and the angle adjusting mechanism 3.

[0050] ​​In this embodiment, the main wing adopts a high-efficiency airfoil optimized by fluid mechanics, which has good aerodynamic performance and can generate a large thrust under different wind speed and direction conditions; at the wing tip of the main wing, an adjustable angle winglet is installed, which can effectively change the airflow flow state at the end of the main wing, suppress wing tip vortex and reduce induced drag; the winglet is widely used in the field of aviation and surface vehicles as a fluid dynamics optimization design, which can effectively reduce the induced drag of the airfoil and improve the lift, solving the deficiency of traditional sail structure in high-efficiency aerodynamic performance, improving the overall efficiency of ship navigation, and promoting the sustainable development of shipping industry. The mast structure is used to support the entire sail system; the lifting mechanism can raise or lower the sail; the rotary drive device can drive the entire sail system to rotate 360° around the vertical axis; the angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the angle of the winglet according to the actual wind condition, effectively reduce the induced drag and improve the overall aerodynamic efficiency of the sail; the intelligent control system is responsible for collecting real-time data such as wind speed, wind direction and ship speed, and controlling the lifting mechanism, rotary drive device and angle adjusting mechanism to realize automatic adjustment of the sail. The sail system can improve the capture and conversion efficiency of wind energy by the sail, help ships to reduce emissions and increase efficiency by using wind energy, and can adapt to different ship types and navigation conditions, with the advantages of reasonable structure, significant energy saving, wide application range and other advantages, which has important significance for promoting the development of green shipping, realizing the green navigation of ship energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0051] Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency airfoil sail for ships with winglets, characterized in that, include: Main wing (2), winglets (1), mast structure (4), lifting mechanism (6), rotation drive device (5), angle adjustment mechanism (3), intelligent control system (7); The mast structure (4) is set perpendicular to the ship's deck; The main wing (2) is fixedly mounted on the top of the mast structure (4), and the center plane of the mast structure (4) is coplanar with that of the main wing (2); The winglet (1) is disposed on the top of the main wing (2) and is connected to the main wing (2) through the angle adjustment mechanism (3); The intelligent control system (7) is used to acquire the operating data of the sailboat, so as to acquire the optimal main wing height data, the optimal main wing angle of attack data, and the optimal winglet angle data based on the operating data of the sailboat. The lifting mechanism (6) is communicatively connected to the intelligent control system (7) to receive the optimal main wing height data, and then drives the lifting mechanism (6) through the intelligent control system (7) to raise and lower the mast structure (4) so ​​as to adjust the height of the main wing. The rotary drive device (5) is communicatively connected to the intelligent control system (7) to receive the optimal angle of attack data of the main wing, and drives the rotary drive device (5) through the intelligent control system (7) to make the mast structure (4) rotate, so as to adjust the angle of attack of the main wing (2) relative to the wind direction; The angle adjustment mechanism (3) is communicatively connected to the intelligent control system (7) to receive the angle data of the optimal winglet and drive the angle adjustment mechanism (3) through the intelligent control system (7) to adjust the angle between the winglet and the main wing.

2. The high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism (3) includes: a first transmission rod (31), two first transmission gears (33), a second transmission rod (34), two second transmission gears (35), a hydraulic pump (36), a hydraulic valve (37), and a hydraulic motor (38). The first transmission rod (31) is rotatably mounted on the top of the main wing (2), the axis of the first transmission rod (31) is perpendicular to the axis of the mast structure (4), and the axis of the first transmission rod (31) is coplanar with the center plane of the main wing (2); The two first transmission gears (33) are coaxially fixed on both sides of the first transmission rod (31); The second transmission rod (34) is rotatably mounted on the top of the main wing (2), and the second transmission rod (34) is located on the side of the first transmission rod (31) away from the ship deck; two second transmission gears (35) are coaxially fixedly mounted on both sides of the second transmission rod (34); the second transmission gears (35) are externally meshed with the first transmission gear (33); the winglet (1) is fixedly connected to the second transmission rod (34); the winglet (1) can rotate with the rotation of the second transmission rod (34); The hydraulic valve (37) located between the hydraulic pump (36) and the hydraulic motor (38) is communicatively connected to the intelligent control system (7); the output shaft of the hydraulic motor (38) is connected to the first transmission rod (31); and the hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic cylinder.

3. A high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets for ships according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle adjustment mechanism (3) also includes an angle sensor (32), which is connected to the intelligent control system (7) to acquire real-time winglet angle data and transmit it to the intelligent control system.

4. A high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The winglet (1) includes: a winglet connecting part (11) and a winglet body (12); The main body (12) of the winglet is fixedly connected to the connecting part (11) of the winglet; The winglet connecting part (11) is fixedly connected to the second transmission rod (34), and the center plane of the winglet body (12) is coplanar with the axis of the second transmission rod (34).

5. A high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The methods used to obtain the optimal main wing height data, optimal main wing angle of attack data, and optimal winglet angle data are as follows: S1: Randomly generate the initial population, where each individual in the population is a combination of the height of the main wing, the angle of attack of the main wing, and the angle of the winglet; S2: Based on the operating data of the sailboat, including boat speed, wind speed, wind direction, and the ship's heel angle, obtain the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the fuel consumption of the sailboat, and the ship's stability safety factor. S3: Based on the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the fuel consumption of the sailboat, and the ship's stability safety factor, establish a fitness function to obtain the fitness value of an individual. S4: Based on the fitness value of an individual, use the roulette wheel selection method to obtain the probability of each individual being selected, and then obtain the selected individuals; S5: For the selected individuals, perform crossover and mutation operations in sequence to obtain optimized individuals; S6: Based on the optimized individuals, repeat steps S2-S5 until the preset number of iterations is reached, or the change in the fitness value of individuals in the population is less than the set threshold. Based on the individual with the highest fitness value among the optimized individuals, the best main wing height data, the best main wing angle of attack data, and the best winglet angle data can be obtained.

6. A high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the formula used to obtain the propulsion efficiency of the sail is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the propulsion efficiency of the sail; Indicates the lift coefficient; Indicates the drag coefficient; Indicates the relative wind direction angle; Indicates the speed of a sailboat; Indicates wind speed; The formula used to obtain the fuel consumption of the sailboat is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the fuel consumption of a sailboat; This indicates the total resistance of the sailboat; Indicates the thrust of the sail; Indicates the speed of a sailboat; Indicates the propeller torque coefficient; Indicates the wake coefficient; Indicates the fuel consumption rate of the main engine; Indicates sailing time; Indicates the transmission efficiency of the shaft system; Indicates the relative rotational efficiency of the propeller; Indicates the propeller thrust coefficient; Indicates the propeller advance coefficient; Indicates the thrust reduction factor; The formula used to obtain the stability safety factor of the sailboat is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the safety factor for ship stability; Indicates the limiting yaw angle; Indicates the ship's restoring moment; Indicates wind-driven tilting moment; Indicates the ship's heel angle.

7. A high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S3, the established fitness function is expressed as follows: In the formula, Indicates the first The fitness value of each individual; , , The weights are respectively the propulsion efficiency of the sail, the fuel consumption of the sailboat, and the safety factor of the ship's stability; Indicates the first Individual; Indicates the index number of an individual.

8. A high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, the formula used to obtain the probability of each individual being selected is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the first The fitness value of each individual; The total number of individuals; Indicates the first The probability of an individual being selected.

9. A high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control system (7) includes a sensor unit, a data processing and analysis unit, a control execution unit, and a human-machine interaction unit; The sensor unit is used to acquire the operating data of the sailboat, including: a wind speed and direction sensor, a speed sensor, and a gyroscope; the wind speed and direction sensor is used to acquire wind speed and direction in real time; the speed sensor is used to acquire the boat speed; and the gyroscope is used to acquire the boat's heel angle. The data processing and analysis unit is used to obtain the optimal main wing height data, the optimal main wing angle of attack data, and the optimal winglet angle data based on the sailboat's operating data; and transmit them to the control execution unit. The control execution unit is used to drive the lifting mechanism (6) to raise and lower the mast structure (4) to adjust the height of the main wing; drive the rotation drive device (5) to rotate the mast structure (4) to adjust the angle of attack of the main wing (2) relative to the wind direction; and drive the angle adjustment mechanism (3) to adjust the angle between the winglet and the main wing.

10. A high-efficiency airfoil sail with winglets for ships according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a human-computer interaction unit for real-time display of the ship's and sails' operating status, including the main wing's altitude data, the main wing's angle of attack data, the winglet's angle data, wind speed, wind direction, ship speed, and ship's heel angle.

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