Soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device and soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring a vertical permeability coefficient of soil. The device comprises a water injection vertical pipe, a pressure guide pipe, a water level gauge, a water storage sleeve system and a soil accommodating cavity, wherein the pressure guide pipe sleeves the water injection vertical pipe and is connected with the water level gauge; the water storage sleeve system comprises a water outlet, a sleeve and a ventilation pipeline, the water outlet, the ventilation pipeline and a pressure guide pipe are contained in the sleeve, the top of the ventilation pipeline is sealed, the bottom of the ventilation pipeline is open, the upper end and the lower end of the water outlet are open, and the distance between the bottom of the water outlet and the bottom of the sleeve is smaller than that between the bottom of the ventilation pipeline and the bottom of the sleeve. The sleeve is also provided with an exhaust port and a water injection port; the soil containing cavity comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe which are concentric and open up and down, the inner pipe is located in the outer pipe, the water injection vertical pipe is communicated with the inner pipe, and the projection of the ventilation pipeline in the soil containing cavity is located between the outer pipe and the inner pipe. The device is high in integration degree, convenient to carry and capable of being moved to an adjacent place at any time for multiple experiments.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil measurement, and particularly relates to a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device and a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing method for measuring the soil vertical permeability coefficient is mainly to inject water into the soil through a water storage vertical pipe, record the time sequence data of the water level change through a pressure sensor, and calculate the permeability coefficient of the experimental site sediment according to the obtained data.

[0003] However, the method for measuring the soil vertical permeability coefficient is a single-ring experiment, and the experimental precision is low.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art proposes a double-ring experiment, which simultaneously strikes the inner and outer rings into the same depth of the experimental soil layer, sets a Mariotte bottle near the outer ring, maintains the water level of the outer ring through the Mariotte bottle, injects water into the inner ring, and calculates the permeability coefficient according to the water level data of the inner ring.

[0005] However, the double-ring device for measuring the soil vertical permeability coefficient in the prior art needs to use the Mariotte bottle, and the device installation is relatively complex and does not have integrity, and cannot be quickly migrated. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device and a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring method in view of the technical problem that the double-ring device for measuring the soil vertical permeability coefficient in the prior art is relatively complex to install and does not have integrity.

[0007] The present application provides a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device, which comprises a water injection vertical pipe, a pressure guide pipe, a water level meter, a water storage sleeve system and a soil cavity, wherein the pressure guide pipe covers the water injection vertical pipe and is connected with the water level meter.

[0008] The water storage sleeve system comprises a drainage port, a sleeve and an air duct, the drainage port, the air duct and the pressure guide pipe are accommodated in the sleeve, the top of the air duct is sealed, the bottom of the air duct is open, the upper and lower ends of the drainage port are open, the distance between the bottom of the drainage port and the bottom of the sleeve is less than the distance between the bottom of the air duct and the bottom of the sleeve, and the sleeve is further provided with an exhaust port and a water injection port.

[0009] The soil cavity comprises a concentric outer pipe and an inner pipe which are open at the top and bottom, the inner pipe is located in the outer pipe, the water injection vertical pipe is in communication with the inner pipe, and the projection of the air duct in the soil cavity is located between the outer pipe and the inner pipe.

[0010] Further, the water storage sleeve system further comprises a sealing section fixed in the sleeve, the sealing section divides the sleeve into an upper sleeve section above the sealing section and a lower sleeve section below the sealing section, the drain, the air duct and the pressure guide pipe pass through the sealing section to reach the lower sleeve section, and the pipe wall of the lower sleeve section is provided with a plurality of pipe wall through holes.

[0011] Further, the pipe wall of the outer pipe and the pipe wall of the inner pipe of the soil cavity are both provided with cavity through holes.

[0012] Further, the water level meter comprises a sealed shell, a pressure sensor, a water level terminal, a battery, a communication module and a transmission module, the pressure sensor, the water level terminal, the battery, the communication module and the transmission module are accommodated in the sealed shell, the top of the sealed shell is provided with a water level meter opening, the pressure guide pipe and the water filling vertical pipe are jointly inserted into the sealed shell, and the water filling vertical pipe is in communication with the water level meter opening.

[0013] The pressure guide pipe is provided with a pressure gauge, the pressure gauge is electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the output end of the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the water level terminal, the output end of the water level terminal is electrically connected with the input end of the communication module, the battery is electrically connected with the power supply end of the water level terminal, and the output end of the communication module is electrically connected with the input end of the transmission module.

[0014] Further, a pipe valve for simultaneously opening or closing the air duct, the drain and the water filling vertical pipe is further included.

[0015] Further, two connecting flanges are further included, one of the connecting flanges is connected with the sleeve, and the other of the connecting flanges is connected with the soil cavity.

[0016] Further, a sealing gasket is further included, and the sealing gasket is located between the two connecting flanges.

[0017] Further, a steel mesh is further included, and the sealing gasket is two, and the steel mesh is located between the two sealing gaskets.

[0018] Further, the bottom edge of the soil cavity is provided with a cutting edge opening.

[0019] The application provides a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring method of the soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device.

[0020] Selecting a measuring point, vertically inserting or wedging the soil cavity into the soil of the measuring point of the experimental site until the upper surface of the soil cavity is flush with the soil surface.

[0021] placing the water storage sleeve system on the soil cavity, aligning the water injection vertical pipe with the inner pipe, and fastening the whole device;

[0022] closing the air duct, the water outlet, and the bottom opening of the water injection vertical pipe;

[0023] opening the air outlet and the water inlet of the sleeve, and filling the sleeve and the water injection vertical pipe with water;

[0024] closing the air outlet and the water inlet of the sleeve;

[0025] opening the air duct, the water outlet, and the bottom opening of the water injection vertical pipe;

[0026] obtaining time series data of the water level change of the water injection vertical pipe from the water level gauge, the time series data including the water level of the water injection vertical pipe and the corresponding time;

[0027] calculating the vertical permeability coefficient of the soil at the measuring point of the experimental site according to the time series data.

[0028] The water injection vertical pipe and the pressure guide pipe of the present application are both contained in the water storage sleeve system, water is injected into the inner ring of the soil cavity through the water injection vertical pipe, and water is injected into the outer ring through the water storage sleeve system. The present application has high integration degree, is convenient to carry, and can be moved to adjacent places for multiple experiments at any time. The water level in the outer ring is maintained by the water storage sleeve system in the measuring device, which plays a role in maintaining the water level in the outer ring, thereby improving the accuracy of the vertical permeability coefficient of the inner ring soil. At the same time, the soil cavity is a double-ring in-situ permeation, and the experimental precision is higher than that of a single ring, so that the soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device of the present application can quickly and accurately measure the soil vertical permeability coefficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 is a top view of a soil cavity of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic view of a clamp structure of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 is a sectional view of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic view of a sealing cross section of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 A sealing gasket of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 7 A work flow chart of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring method of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a water injection vertical pipe and a sleeve pipe of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to an embodiment of the present application before opening a pipe valve after the water injection vertical pipe and the sleeve pipe are filled with water;

[0037] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a water injection vertical pipe and a sleeve pipe of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to an embodiment of the present application before opening a pipe valve after the water injection vertical pipe and the sleeve pipe are filled with water;

[0038] Figure 10 A work flow chart of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring method of a soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Marking description

[0040] 1 - water injection vertical pipe; 2 - pressure guide pipe; 21 - pressure gauge; 3 - water level gauge; 31 - sealing shell; 32 - pressure sensor; 33 - water level terminal; 34 - battery; 35 - communication module; 36 - transmission module; 37 - water level gauge opening; 4 - water storage sleeve pipe system; 41 - drainage port; 42 - sleeve pipe; 43 - air pipe; 44 - exhaust port; 441 - exhaust port valve; 45 - water injection port; 451 - water injection port valve; 46 - sealing section; 47 - pipe wall through hole; 5 - connecting flange; 6 - sealing gasket; 7 - steel mesh; 8 - soil cavity; 81 - outer pipe; 82 - inner pipe; 83 - cavity through hole; 9 - pipe valve; 10 - clamp; 101 - clamp inner ring; 102 - clamp support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to the directions towards or away from the geometric center of a specific part.

[0042] As Figure 1The device for measuring vertical permeability coefficient of soil is shown in an embodiment of the application, comprising: a water injection vertical pipe 1, a pressure guide pipe 2, a water level gauge 3, a water storage sleeve system 4, and a soil cavity 8; wherein the pressure guide pipe 2 covers the water injection vertical pipe 1 and is connected with the water level gauge 3;

[0043] The water storage sleeve system 4 comprises a drainage port 41, a sleeve 42, and an air duct 43, the drainage port 41, the air duct 43, and the pressure guide pipe 2 are contained in the sleeve 42, the top of the air duct 43 is sealed, the bottom of the air duct 43 is open, the upper and lower ends of the drainage port 41 are open, the distance between the bottom of the drainage port 41 and the bottom of the sleeve 42 is less than the distance between the bottom of the air duct 43 and the bottom of the sleeve 42, and the sleeve 42 is further provided with an air outlet 44 and a water injection port 45;

[0044] The soil cavity 8 comprises a concentric outer pipe 81 and an inner pipe 82, the inner pipe 82 is located in the outer pipe 81, the water injection vertical pipe 1 is in communication with the inner pipe 82, and the projection of the air duct 43 on the soil cavity 8 is located between the outer pipe 81 and the inner pipe 82.

[0045] Specifically, the water injection vertical pipe 1 is located above the ground surface during the measurement experiment and is used for water injection during the measurement experiment. The water injection vertical pipe 1 is contained in the pressure guide pipe 2, for example, connected through a clamp 10, the clamp inner ring 101 of the clamp 10 is tightly sleeved on the water injection vertical pipe 1, and the clamp support 102 of the clamp 10 protrudes and abuts against the pressure guide pipe 2. The pressure guide pipe 2 is used for measuring the liquid pressure of the water injection vertical pipe 1, the bottom of the pressure guide pipe 2 protrudes outward, and a pressure gauge 21 is arranged on the protruding part of the pressure guide pipe 2, so as to measure the liquid pressure of the water injection vertical pipe 1.

[0046] The pressure guide pipe 2 is connected with the water level gauge 3, and the water level gauge 3 is preferably an automatic water level gauge. The water level gauge 3 obtains the liquid pressure of the water injection vertical pipe 1 detected by the pressure guide pipe 2 and converts the liquid pressure into a water head height.

[0047] The water storage sleeve system 4 comprises the drainage port 41, the sleeve 42, and the air duct 43, the drainage port 41, the air duct 43, and the pressure guide pipe 2 are contained in the sleeve 42, the top of the air duct 43 is sealed, the bottom of the air duct 43 is open, the upper and lower ends of the drainage port 41 are open, and the sleeve 42 is further provided with the air outlet 44 and the water injection port 45 for air exhaust and water injection. The drainage port 41 is preferably a tubular nozzle. The materials of the water injection vertical pipe 1 and the water storage sleeve system 4 can be organic glass

[0048] The soil cavity 8 is located below the ground surface during the experiment, and is used for permeating and discharging water in the experimental section. The soil cavity 8 comprises an outer tube 81 and an inner tube 82. The inner tube 82 is the inner ring of the soil cavity 8, and the space between the outer tube 81 and the inner tube 82 is the outer ring of the soil cavity 8. The water storage sleeve system 4 is used to ensure that the water head of the outer ring of the soil cavity 8 is a constant water head.

[0049] During the experiment, the soil cavity 8 is vertically inserted / wedged into the soil of the experimental site, and then the water storage sleeve system 4 is connected and fixed with the soil cavity 8. After that, water is injected into the water storage sleeve system 4 and the water injection vertical pipe 1, and the time series data of the water level change of the water injection vertical pipe 1 is obtained from the water level gauge 3. The vertical permeability coefficient of the soil at the measurement point of the experimental site is calculated according to the time series data.

[0050] After the drainage port 41 is opened, the water in the sleeve 42 directly injects into the upper part of the outer ring of the soil cavity 8, and the water level at the bottom of the sleeve 42 begins to rise. Since the distance between the bottom of the drainage port 41 and the bottom of the sleeve 42 is less than the distance between the bottom of the air pipe 43 and the bottom of the sleeve 42. Therefore, when the water level rises to the bottom of the air pipe 43, the drainage port 41 stops discharging water due to Bernoulli's principle. At this time, since the inner and outer rings of the water simultaneously infiltrate into the soil, the water level of the outer ring decreases. When the water level of the outer ring decreases to the bottom of the air pipe 43 and is exposed to the water surface, the drainage port 41 continues to discharge water, and the water level of the outer ring rises. This is repeated to maintain the water level of the outer ring at the height of the bottom of the air pipe 43.

[0051] The water injection vertical pipe and the pressure guide pipe of the present application are both contained in the water storage sleeve system. Water is injected into the inner ring of the soil cavity through the water injection vertical pipe, and water is injected into the outer ring through the water storage sleeve system. The present application has high integration degree, is convenient to carry, and can be moved to adjacent places at any time for multiple experiments. The water level of the outer ring is maintained through the water storage sleeve system in the measuring device, which plays a role in maintaining the water level of the outer ring, and further improves the accuracy of the vertical permeability coefficient of the inner ring soil. At the same time, the soil cavity is a double-ring in-situ permeation, and the experimental precision is higher than that of a single ring, so that the soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device of the present application can quickly and accurately measure the soil vertical permeability coefficient.

[0052] As shown in Figures 1 to 6 The soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device in another embodiment of the present application comprises a water injection vertical pipe 1, a pressure guide pipe 2, a water level gauge 3, a water storage sleeve system 4, two connecting flanges 5, a sealing gasket 6, a steel mesh 7, and a soil cavity 8. The pressure guide pipe 2 surrounds the water injection vertical pipe 1 and is connected with the water level gauge 3.

[0053] The water level gauge 3 comprises a sealed shell 31, a pressure sensor 32, a water level terminal 33, a battery 34, a communication module 35, and a transmission module 36, wherein the pressure sensor 32, the water level terminal 33, the battery 34, the communication module 35, and the transmission module 36 are accommodated in the sealed shell 31, the sealed shell 31 is provided with a water level gauge opening 37 at the top, the pressure guide pipe 2 and the water filling vertical pipe 1 are jointly inserted into the sealed shell 31, and the water filling vertical pipe 1 is in communication with the water level gauge opening 37;

[0054] The pressure guide pipe 2 is provided with a pressure gauge 21, the pressure gauge 21 is electrically connected with the pressure sensor 32, the output end of the pressure sensor 32 is electrically connected with the water level terminal 33, the output end of the water level terminal 33 is electrically connected with the input end of the communication module 35, the battery 34 is electrically connected with the power supply end of the water level terminal 33, and the output end of the communication module 35 is electrically connected with the input end of the transmission module 36, and the transmission module 36 is used for communication connection with an external terminal;

[0055] The water storage sleeve system 4 comprises a drainage port 41, a sleeve 42, and an air duct 43, wherein the drainage port 41, the air duct 43, and the pressure guide pipe 2 are accommodated in the sleeve 42, the top of the air duct 43 is sealed, the bottom of the air duct 43 is open, the upper and lower ends of the drainage port 41 are open, the distance between the bottom of the drainage port 41 and the bottom of the sleeve 42 is less than the distance between the bottom of the air duct 43 and the bottom of the sleeve 42, and the sleeve 42 is further provided with an exhaust port 44 and a water filling port 45;

[0056] The water storage sleeve system 4 further comprises a sealed section 46 fixed in the sleeve 42, the sealed section 46 divides the sleeve 42 into an upper sleeve section above the sealed section 46 and a lower sleeve section below the sealed section 46, the drainage port 41, the air duct 43, and the pressure guide pipe 2 pass through the sealed section 46 to reach the lower sleeve section, and the pipe wall of the lower sleeve section is provided with a plurality of pipe wall through holes 47;

[0057] Further comprising a duct valve 9 for simultaneously opening or closing the air duct 43, the drainage port 41, and the water filling vertical pipe 1;

[0058] The soil cavity 8 comprises a concentric outer pipe 81 and an inner pipe 82 which are open at the top and bottom, the inner pipe 82 is located in the outer pipe 81, the water filling vertical pipe 1 is in communication with the inner pipe 82, the projection of the air duct 43 on the soil cavity 8 is located between the outer pipe 81 and the inner pipe 82, the pipe wall of the outer pipe 81 and the pipe wall of the inner pipe 82 of the soil cavity 8 are both provided with cavity through holes 83, and the bottom edge of the soil cavity 8 is provided with a cutting edge opening.

[0059] One of the connecting flanges 5 is connected with the sleeve 42, and the other connecting flange 5 is connected with the soil cavity 8. The sealing gaskets 6 are located between the two connecting flanges 5, and there are two sealing gaskets 6. The steel wire mesh 7 is located between the two sealing gaskets 6.

[0060] Specifically, the water injection vertical pipe 1 is located above the ground surface during the determination experiment, and is used for water injection during the determination experiment. The water injection vertical pipe 1 is accommodated in the pressure guide pipe 2. The pressure guide pipe 2 is used for determining the liquid pressure of the water injection vertical pipe 1. The bottom of the pressure guide pipe 2 extends outward, and a pressure gauge 21 is arranged on the extended portion of the pressure guide pipe 2. The liquid pressure of the water injection vertical pipe 1 is determined through the pressure gauge 21.

[0061] The water level meter 3 comprises a pressure sensor 32, a water level terminal 33, a battery 34, a communication module 35, and a transmission module 36 arranged in a sealed shell 31. The pressure sensor 32, the battery 34, and the communication module 35 are connected with the water level terminal respectively. The water injection vertical pipe 1 is in communication with a water level meter opening 37, and water can be injected into the water injection vertical pipe 1 through the water level meter opening 37. The upper end of the pressure guide pipe 2 is closed. The pressure gauge 21 in the pressure guide pipe 2 is electrically connected with the pressure sensor 32. The pressure sensor 32 obtains the pressure value of the water injection vertical pipe 1 detected by the pressure gauge 21, and sends the pressure value to the water level terminal 33. The pressure value is converted into a water level height, and is sent to the communication module 35. The communication module 35 is connected with the transmission module 36. The transmission module 36 is in communication connection with an external terminal. The water level height and the corresponding time are sent to the external terminal. The vertical permeability coefficient is calculated by the external terminal.

[0062] Preferably, the battery 34 is a lithium battery. Preferably, the transmission module 36 is a Bluetooth module, and the external terminal is a mobile phone.

[0063] The water storage sleeve system 4 comprises a drainage port 41, a sleeve 42, and an air duct 43. The drainage port 41, the air duct 43, and the pressure guide pipe 2 together with the water injection vertical pipe 1 are accommodated in the sleeve 42. The top of the air duct 43 is sealed, the bottom of the air duct 43 is open, and the upper and lower ends of the drainage port 41 are open. The sleeve 42 is further provided with an exhaust port 44 and a water injection port 45 for exhaust and water injection. Preferably, the drainage port 41 is a tubular nozzle.

[0064] The exhaust port 44 and the water injection port 45 are provided with an exhaust port valve 441 and a water injection port valve 451 to open or close the exhaust port 44 and the water injection port 45.

[0065] The air duct 43, the drainage port 41, and the bottom of the water injection vertical pipe 1 are provided with a duct valve 9. The duct valve 9 controls the air duct 43, the drainage port 41, and the water injection vertical pipe 1 to be opened or closed at the same time.

[0066] The soil chamber 8 is located below the ground surface during the experiment, and is used for permeating and discharging water in the experimental section. The soil chamber 8 comprises an outer tube 81 and an inner tube 82 which are concentric and open upward and downward. The inner tube 82 is the inner ring of the soil chamber 8, and the space between the outer tube 81 and the inner tube 82 is the outer ring of the soil chamber 8. The water storage sleeve system 4 is used to ensure that the water head of the outer ring of the soil chamber 8 is a constant water head.

[0067] After the drainage port 41 is opened, the water in the sleeve 42 is directly injected into the upper part of the outer ring of the soil chamber 8, and the water level of the outer ring at the bottom of the sleeve 42 begins to rise, because the distance between the bottom of the drainage port 41 and the bottom of the sleeve 42 is less than the distance between the bottom of the air pipe 43 and the bottom of the sleeve 42. Therefore, when the water level rises to the bottom of the air pipe 43, the drainage port 41 stops discharging water due to Bernoulli's principle, and at this time, the water level of the outer ring decreases because the water in the inner and outer rings simultaneously infiltrates into the soil. When the water level of the outer ring decreases to the bottom of the air pipe 43 and is exposed to the water surface, the drainage port 41 continues to discharge water, and the water level of the outer ring rises. This is repeated to maintain the water level of the outer ring at the height of the bottom of the air pipe 43.

[0068] The connecting flange 5 comprises a connecting flange 5 connected to the sleeve 42 and a connecting flange 5 connected to the soil chamber 8, and is used to connect the water injection standpipe 1 and the soil chamber 8;

[0069] The sealing gasket 6 is located between the two connecting flanges 5, and is used to seal the connection between the water injection standpipe 1 and the soil chamber 8 to prevent water leakage;

[0070] The steel mesh 7 is located between the two sealing gaskets 6, and has the functions of buffering the water flow and avoiding blockage of foreign matter in the water in place.

[0071] The bottom edge of the soil chamber 8 has a cutting edge opening to facilitate insertion or wedging into the soil of the experimental site.

[0072] The sleeve 42 is divided into an upper section and a lower section by a sealing section 46, and the upper section of the sleeve is used for water storage; a part of the lower section of the sleeve is provided with a pipe wall through hole 47 for aeration, so that the water surface in the outer ring between the outer tube 81 and the inner tube 82 is in direct contact with the atmosphere, and the pipe wall through hole 47 is located below the sealing section 46 and generally has a width of 3 cm. The air pipe 43 extends to the lower section of the sleeve, and is used to control the water head height of the double-ring outer ring. The bottom of the air pipe 43 is generally within 5 cm from the height of the connecting flange 5.

[0073] In some embodiments, the bottom screen of the sleeve 42 with the screen hole is made of stainless steel. The diameter of the inner tube 82 is preferably 0.25 meters, the diameter of the outer tube 81 is preferably 0.5 meters, and the length of the soil chamber 8 is preferably 0.4 meters.

[0074] In some embodiments, the water injection vertical pipe 1 and the water storage sleeve pipe system 4 are made of organic glass, the length of the water injection vertical pipe 1 is preferably 1.5 meters, and the diameter is preferably 0.25 meters.

[0075] In some embodiments, the sleeve pipe 42 is divided into an upper sleeve pipe and a lower sleeve pipe, the upper end of the sleeve pipe is preferably 1 meter, which is a water storage part, and the lower sleeve pipe is preferably 0.3 meters, and 3 millimeter diameter pipe wall through holes 47 are uniformly distributed in the upper 0.1 meter area of the lower sleeve pipe, which functions as a drainage part, and the diameter is preferably 0.5 meters.

[0076] In some embodiments, the sealing gasket 6 is in a ring structure, preferably made of silica gel or rubber, and also has screw holes corresponding to the connecting flange 5, and after tightening the screw nuts, the whole device can be well sealed to prevent water leakage.

[0077] The embodiment ensures that the outer ring water head of the soil cavity is a constant water head through the water storage sleeve pipe system. The transmission module is set in the water level gauge to communicate with the external terminal, and the data collected by the device is directly transmitted to the external terminal and stored, without the need for wired network connection operation, which avoids the error of manual data recording. At the same time, the pipe valve is set to control the simultaneous opening or closing of the air pipe, the drainage port and the water injection vertical pipe, so that the experimental water discharge is controlled by a single valve, which is simple to operate and has a high fault tolerance. At the same time, the sealing gasket is set to prevent water leakage, and the steel mesh is set to buffer the water flow and avoid blockage of foreign matters in the in-situ water. Finally, the bottom edge of the soil cavity has a cutting edge opening to facilitate insertion or wedging into the soil of the experimental site.

[0078] As Figure 7 shown is a work flow chart of a soil vertical permeability coefficient determination method of the soil vertical permeability coefficient determination device, the method comprising:

[0079] Step S701, selecting a measurement point, vertically inserting or wedging the soil cavity 8 into the soil of the measurement point of the experimental site until the upper surface of the soil cavity 8 is flush with the soil surface;

[0080] Step S702, placing the water storage sleeve pipe system 4 on the soil cavity 8, aligning the water injection vertical pipe 1 with the inner pipe 82, and fastening the whole device;

[0081] Step S703, closing the air pipe 43, the drainage port 41 and the bottom opening of the water injection vertical pipe 1;

[0082] Step S704, opening the air outlet 44 and the water inlet 45 of the sleeve pipe 42, and filling the sleeve pipe 42 and the water injection vertical pipe 1 with water;

[0083] Step S705, closing the air outlet 44 and the water inlet 45 of the sleeve pipe 42.

[0084] Step S706, open the vent pipe 43, the drain 41 and the bottom opening of the water injection standpipe 1.

[0085] Step S707, obtain the time series data of the water level change of the water injection standpipe 1 from the water level gauge 3, which includes the water level of the water injection standpipe 1 and the corresponding time.

[0086] Step S708, calculate the vertical permeability coefficient of the soil at the measurement point of the experimental site according to the time series data.

[0087] Specifically, first, step S701 is performed, the measurement point is selected, and the soil container 8 is vertically inserted / wedged into the soil of the experimental site until the upper surface of the soil container 8 is flush with the soil surface, preferably until the connecting flange 5 of the soil container 8 is flush with the soil surface.

[0088] Before the measurement point is selected in step S701, the surface plants near the measurement point are removed, and the soil container 8 is vertically inserted into the soil of the experimental site to a depth of 40 cm.

[0089] Then, step S702 is performed, the water storage sleeve system 4 is placed on the soil container 8, the water injection standpipe 1 is aligned with the inner tube 82, and the entire device is fastened.

[0090] Preferably, the sealing gasket 6, steel mesh 7, and sealing gasket 6 are sequentially stacked on the connecting flange 5 of the soil container 8, and then the connecting flange 5 of the water storage sleeve system 4 is fastened with the connecting flange 5 of the soil container 8 with screw nuts, thereby fastening the entire device.

[0091] Then step S703 is performed, an external terminal such as a mobile phone is used to set the number and time and date within the effective distance range via Bluetooth, then the pipe valve 9 is closed, thereby closing the vent pipe 43, the drain 41 and the bottom opening of the water injection standpipe 1.

[0092] The mobile phone is generally within 5m in the effective distance range.

[0093] Then step S704 is performed, as shown in Figure 8 the water injection port 45 and the exhaust port 44 of the sleeve 42 are opened, and the sleeve 42 is filled with water, and the water injection standpipe 1 is also filled with water through the water level gauge opening 37. The sleeve 42 is filled with in-situ water to a predetermined height, generally 80-100 cm. The water injection standpipe 1 is filled with in-situ water to a predetermined height, generally 100-120 cm.

[0094] Then step S705 is performed to close the water injection port 45 and the exhaust port 44 of the sleeve 42.

[0095] Then step S706 is performed, after the water level data is corrected with an external terminal, such as a cell phone, and the pipe valve 9 is opened, as shown in FIG. 6, the water outlet 41 of the water storage sleeve system 4 directly injects water into the upper part of the outer ring between the inner pipe 82 and the outer pipe 81 of the soil container 8, and the water level at the flange 5 of the sleeve 42 begins to rise. When the water level rises to the bottom of the air pipe 43, the water outlet 41 stops discharging water due to the Bernoulli principle. At this time, because the inner and outer ring water simultaneously infiltrates the soil, the water level of the outer ring decreases. When the water level of the outer ring decreases and the bottom of the air pipe 43 is exposed to the water surface, the water outlet 41 continues to discharge water, and the water level of the outer ring rises. This is repeated so that the water level of the outer ring is maintained at the height of the bottom of the air pipe 43. The pipe valve 9 is used to control the end and start of the experiment, and can also avoid the impact of too high a water flow on the soil in the soil container 8 when injecting water. Figure 9

[0096] Step S707 is performed, and the water level gauge 3 transmits time series data of the change in the water level of the water injection vertical pipe 1 to an external terminal, such as a cell phone, in real time.

[0097] Step S708 is performed, and the experiment is ended. The collected data is calculated by a computer or a cell phone to calculate the vertical soil permeability coefficient of the in-situ soil of the experimental site.

[0098] Specifically, a cell phone can be used to collect multiple data and record all of them.

[0099] When a variable head experiment is performed, the vertical soil permeability coefficient of the in-situ soil of the experimental site is calculated according to the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] Wherein:

[0102] K v is the vertical soil permeability coefficient;

[0103] a is the sectional area of the water injection vertical pipe (cm 2 );

[0104] A is the sectional area of the inner ring of the soil container (cm 2 );

[0105] L V is the length of the working section of the soil container, that is, the length below the flange of the soil container (m);

[0106] h1 and h2 are the initial and terminal water heads, respectively (cm);

[0107] t1 and t2 are the initial time of reading the initial water head and the terminal time of reading the terminal water head, respectively (s).

[0108] ​In some embodiments, the experimental steps S701-S708 are repeated at the same location, and a plurality of experiments, such as at least nine experiments, are performed to obtain a plurality of soil vertical permeability coefficients;

[0109] The maximum value and the minimum value are removed, and the average value of the above experiments is taken, that is, the final soil vertical permeability coefficient is obtained.

[0110] The pipeline valve 9 located at the bottom of the water injection vertical pipe 1 and the sleeve pipe 42 in the step S7 is used to control the start and end of the experiment,

[0111] In the field measurement of the soil permeability coefficient, the combination of the "double ring system" and the "water storage sleeve pipe system" is adopted, so that the water level of the outer ring soil is constant, and the accuracy of the vertical permeability coefficient of the inner ring soil is improved; the collected data is directly stored through the automatic water level meter and the mobile phone without communication connection, without wired network connection operation, saving time cost, and avoiding the error of recording data; the calculation formula adopted requires few parameters, most of which are the size data of the container itself, which is easy to obtain, and the soil vertical permeability coefficient can be quickly and accurately measured.

[0112] As shown in Figure 10 The working flowchart of the soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring method of the soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring device is shown in the figure, and the working flowchart comprises the following steps:

[0113] S1001, selecting a measuring point, vertically inserting / wedging the soil container 8 into the soil of the experimental site until the connecting flange 5 of the soil container 8 is flush with the soil surface;

[0114] S1002, sequentially stacking the sealing gasket 6, the steel mesh 7 and the sealing gasket 6 on the connecting flange 5 of the soil container 8, and then fastening the whole device with screws and nuts;

[0115] S1003, setting the number and time and date in the effective distance range by the mobile phone through wireless communication or Bluetooth mode, and then closing the pipeline valve 9;

[0116] S1004, opening the water inlet 45 and the exhaust port 44 of the sleeve pipe 42, and filling the sleeve pipe 42 and the water injection vertical pipe 1 with water;

[0117] S1005, closing the water inlet 45 and the exhaust port 44 of the sleeve pipe 42;

[0118] S1006, opening the pipeline valve 9 after correcting the water level data by the mobile phone, and starting the test;

[0119] S1007, the automatic water level meter 3 transmits the time sequence data of the water level change of the water injection vertical pipe 1 to the mobile phone in real time;

[0120] S1008, the experiment ends, and the collected data is calculated by a computer or a mobile phone to obtain the vertical soil permeability coefficient of the in-situ soil in the experimental site;

[0121] S1009, repeating the experiment S1001-S1008 at the same location, and performing at least nine experiments;

[0122] S1010, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and taking the average value of the above experiments to obtain the final vertical soil permeability coefficient.

[0123] Preferably, the soil cavity 8 in step S1001 is made of stainless steel, the inner ring diameter is preferably 0.25 meters, the outer ring diameter is preferably 0.5 meters, and the length is preferably 0.4 meters.

[0124] Preferably, the water injection vertical pipe 1 and the water storage sleeve system 4 in step S1002 are made of organic glass, the length of the water injection vertical pipe 1 is preferably 1.5 meters, and the diameter is preferably 0.25 meters; the sleeve 42 is divided into upper and lower two sections, the upper section of 1 meter is a water storage part, and the lower section is preferably 0.3 meters, and is uniformly distributed with a pipe wall through hole 47 with a diameter of 3 millimeters at the upper 0.1 meter area of the lower section, which plays a role of drainage, and the diameter is preferably 0.5 meters; the sealing gasket 6 is annular in structure, preferably made of silica gel or rubber, and is also arranged with screw holes corresponding to the connecting flange 5, and after tightening the screw nuts, the whole device can be well sealed to prevent water leakage; the steel mesh 7 is located between the two sealing gaskets 6, and has the functions of buffering water flow and avoiding blockage of foreign matters in the in-situ water.

[0125] Preferably, the mobile phone in step S1003 is within an effective distance range, generally within 5 meters.

[0126] Preferably, in step S1004, the in-situ water is added to the water injection vertical pipe to a preset height, generally 100-120 cm.

[0127] Preferably, in step S1005, the in-situ water is added to the water storage sleeve to a preset height, generally 80-100 cm.

[0128] Preferably, the pipe valve 9 located at the bottom of the water injection vertical pipe 1 and the sleeve 42 in step S1007 is used to control the start and end of the experiment, and can also avoid the impact of too high water flow on the soil in the soil cavity 8 when water is injected.

[0129] When the experimental device in the application is used to measure the in-situ soil permeability coefficient in the field, it has a wide range of applications, is simple to install and easy to operate, the mobile phone directly stores the collected data without the need for wired network connection operation, avoiding the error of manual data recording; the calculation formula requires fewer parameters and is easy to obtain, and can quickly and accurately measure the vertical soil permeability coefficient

[0130] The above embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the patent scope of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which are all within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the vertical permeability coefficient of a soil, characterized in that it comprises: The application relates to a water injection vertical pipe (1), a pressure guide pipe (2), a water level gauge (3), a water storage sleeve system (4) and a soil cavity (8), wherein the pressure guide pipe (2) covers the water injection vertical pipe (1) and is connected with the water level gauge (3). The water storage sleeve system (4) comprises a drainage port (41), a sleeve (42) and an air duct (43), the drainage port (41), the air duct (43) and the pressure guide pipe (2) are arranged in the sleeve (42), the top of the air duct (43) is sealed, the bottom of the air duct (43) is open, the upper and lower ends of the drainage port (41) are open, the distance between the bottom of the drainage port (41) and the bottom of the sleeve (42) is smaller than the distance between the bottom of the air duct (43) and the bottom of the sleeve (42), the sleeve (42) is further provided with an exhaust port (44) and a water injection port (45). The soil cavity (8) comprises a concentric outer pipe (81) and an inner pipe (82), the inner pipe (82) is arranged in the outer pipe (81), the water injection vertical pipe (1) is communicated with the inner pipe (82), and the projection of the air duct (43) in the soil cavity (8) is located between the outer pipe (81) and the inner pipe (82). The water storage sleeve system (4) further comprises a sealing section (46) fixed in the sleeve (42), the sealing section (46) divides the sleeve (42) into an upper sleeve section above the sealing section (46) and a lower sleeve section below the sealing section (46), the drainage port (41), the air duct (43) and the pressure guide pipe (2) pass through the sealing section (46) and reach the lower sleeve section, and the pipe wall of the lower sleeve section is provided with a plurality of pipe wall through holes (47).

2. The soil vertical permeability coefficient measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The pipe wall of the outer pipe (81) and the pipe wall of the inner pipe (82) of the soil cavity (8) are provided with cavity through holes (83).

3. The soil vertical hydraulic conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The water level gauge (3) comprises a sealed shell (31), a pressure sensor (32), a water level terminal (33), a battery (34), a communication module (35) and a transmission module (36), the pressure sensor (32), the water level terminal (33), the battery (34), the communication module (35) and the transmission module (36) are arranged in the sealed shell (31), the top of the sealed shell (31) is provided with a water level gauge opening (37), the pressure guide pipe (2) and the water injection vertical pipe (1) are inserted into the sealed shell (31) together, and the water injection vertical pipe (1) is communicated with the water level gauge opening (37).

4. The soil vertical hydraulic conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein ​ The pressure gauge (21) is electrically connected with the pressure sensor (32), the output end of the pressure sensor (32) is electrically connected with the water level terminal (33), the output end of the water level terminal (33) is electrically connected with the input end of the communication module (35), the battery (34) is electrically connected with the power end of the water level terminal (33), and the output end of the communication module (35) is electrically connected with the input end of the transmission module (36).

5. The soil vertical hydraulic conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The pipeline valve (9) is further arranged to control the simultaneous opening or closing of the air pipe (43), the drainage port (41) and the water injection vertical pipe (1).

6. The soil vertical hydraulic conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The two connecting flanges (5) are further arranged, one of which is connected with the sleeve (42), and the other is connected with the soil cavity (8).

7. The soil vertical hydraulic conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 6, wherein The sealing gasket (6) is further arranged between the two connecting flanges (5).

8. The soil vertical hydraulic conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 7, wherein The steel mesh (7) is further arranged between the two sealing gaskets (6).

9. The soil vertical hydraulic conductivity measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The bottom edge of the soil cavity (8) has a cutting edge opening.

10. A method of measuring the vertical permeability coefficient of soil using the apparatus for measuring the vertical permeability coefficient of soil according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Selecting a measuring point, vertically inserting or wedging the soil cavity (8) into the soil at the measuring point of the experimental site until the upper surface of the soil cavity (8) is flush with the soil surface; Placing the water storage sleeve system (4) on the soil cavity (8), aligning the inner pipe (82) with the water injection vertical pipe (1), and fastening the whole device; Close the air pipe (43), the drainage port (41) and the bottom opening of the water injection vertical pipe (1); Open the air outlet (44) and the water inlet (45) of the sleeve (42), and fill the sleeve (42) and the water injection vertical pipe (1) with water; Close the air outlet (44) and the water inlet (45) of the sleeve (42); Open the air pipe (43), the drainage port (41) and the bottom opening of the water injection vertical pipe (1); Obtain the time series data of the water level change of the water injection vertical pipe (1) from the water level gauge (3), which includes the water level of the water injection vertical pipe (1) and the corresponding time; According to the time series data, the vertical permeability coefficient of the soil at the measuring point of the experimental site is calculated.

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