Experimental verification device and method for low-level control system under low power

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental verification device and method for a low-level control system under low power. The device comprises a main oscillator, the low-level control system, a power amplifier 1, a high-frequency resonant cavity, a power amplifier 2, a high-frequency cable and an oscilloscope. The high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment, and a power divider, an attenuator and a phase shifter for desktop experimental verification in the atmospheric environment are replaced by a sampler, self attenuation, an inner rod, and the method comprises the following steps: the high-frequency resonant cavity does not need to be vacuumized; the oscilloscope observes the frequency and amplitude information of the established high-frequency field, and observes that the low-level control system controls the carbon fiber transmission rod and the stepping motor to move towards the tuning direction by adjusting an inner rod of the high-frequency resonant cavity; the low-power dynamic characteristic verification of the low-level control system based on the high-frequency resonant cavity is realized for the first time in the atmospheric environment, and the problem that the actual change of the high-frequency resonant cavity during power feeding cannot be reflected in real time by a desktop experiment method is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electronic system, more particularly, to a low-power experimental verification device and method of low-level control system. BACKGROUND

[0002] High frequency system is an important part of cyclotron, which is usually composed of high frequency resonant cavity, transmitter, transmission line and low-level control system. In the high frequency system of cyclotron, the low-level control system controls the transmitter to generate high frequency driving power, and the high frequency field is established in the high frequency resonant cavity through the transmission line. The precision, stability and real-time performance of the low-level control system directly affect the performance of the whole high frequency system.

[0003] Before being actually put into use in the high frequency system, a series of performance tests need to be carried out on the low-level control system, for example, the response speed and control ability of the low-level control system can be tested by changing the frequency and output power of the main oscillator, changing the power attenuation of the attenuator or changing the phase of the phase shifter in the desktop experiment. However, this desktop experiment method simulates the change of the characteristics of the cavity by changing the above-mentioned external factors, which needs manual intervention and control of the test personnel, and cannot reflect the change of the actual high frequency resonant cavity when the power is fed in real time, so that the test data cannot be used as the cavity stability criterion of the high reliability high frequency system. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application proposes a low-power experimental verification device and method of low-level control system to solve the problem that the test personnel need to manually intervene and control in the desktop experiment method, which cannot reflect the change of the actual high frequency resonant cavity when the power is fed in real time, so that the test data cannot be used as the cavity stability criterion of the high reliability high frequency system.

[0005] The present application proposes the following technical solutions to solve the technical problem:

[0006] A low-power experimental verification device for a low-level control system is characterized by the following components arranged sequentially along the signal transmission path: a main oscillator, a low-level control system, a power amplifier 1 for low-power amplification, a high-frequency resonant cavity, a power amplifier 2 for high-power amplification, a high-frequency cable, and an oscilloscope. The main oscillator generates the frequency source required for the externally excited high-frequency system. The low-level control system serves as the test subject of the proposed experimental verification method and controls the high-frequency resonant cavity. The power amplifier 1 amplifies the power generated by the low-level control system and drives the high-frequency resonant cavity. The high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment, establishing a high-frequency field through a sampler, its own attenuation, an internal power divider, attenuator, and phase shifter used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment, driven by the output power of the power amplifier 1. The power amplifier 2 amplifies the sampling power of the high-frequency resonant cavity and inputs it to the low-level control system. The high-frequency cable ensures low-loss transmission of high-frequency signals between the components, guaranteeing signal stability. The oscilloscope measures the waveform of the sampling signal from the high-frequency resonant cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, the high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment. A sampler replaces the power divider in the atmospheric environment. Specifically, the high-frequency field is sampled by two samplers of the high-frequency resonant cavity to directly reflect the high-frequency field state. One sampler is connected to an oscilloscope, and the other sampler is connected to power amplifier 2.

[0008] Furthermore, the high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment. The phase shifter in the atmospheric environment is replaced by an inner rod. Specifically, the high-frequency resonant cavity is tuned, the electromagnetic field is shaped, and the impedance is matched by adjusting the inner rod of the high-frequency cavity, thus replacing the phase shifter in the atmospheric environment.

[0009] Furthermore, the low-level control system realizes the control of the high-frequency resonant cavity, specifically: the low-level control system adjusts the resonant frequency of the entire high-frequency resonant cavity by controlling the carbon fiber transmission rod and stepper motor of the high-frequency resonant cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, the output power P of the power amplifier 1 功放1 The output power P of power amplifier 2 功放2 and the power loss P of the high-frequency resonant cavity 腔损耗 Satisfying the formula:

[0011] |P 功放1 +P 功放2 |=|P 腔损耗 |, and P 功放1 <P 功放2 (1)

[0012] Formula (1) ensures that the output power and input power of the low-level control system are basically the same, which is beneficial for the closed-loop control system to maintain steady state.

[0013] Furthermore, the power amplifier 1 is slightly smaller than the power amplifier 1' required to amplify low-level control system signals in a vacuum environment; the power amplifier 2 is equal to the power loss of the high-frequency resonant cavity minus the power amplifier 1.

[0014] Furthermore, the low-level control system serves as the test subject for the proposed experimental verification method and realizes the control of the high-frequency system. Specifically, the low-level control system includes a clock distribution module, an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion module, an amplitude and phase demodulation module, an amplitude and phase modulation module, a PID controller module, a tuning control module, an interlocking protection module, a motor information readback module, and a power supply module. The clock distribution module is used to convert the frequency source generated by the main oscillator into a clock signal required by other modules. The analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion modules are used to acquire the output signal of power amplifier 2 and generate the drive signal of power amplifier 1. The amplitude... The amplitude and phase demodulation module is used to demodulate the output signal of the power amplifier 2 after analog-to-digital conversion to obtain its amplitude and phase information; the amplitude and phase modulation module is used to modulate the amplitude and phase of the high-frequency signal; the PID controller module is used to realize closed-loop negative feedback of amplitude and phase; the tuning control module is used to generate PWM control signals to control the stepper motor to achieve high-frequency cavity tuning control; the interlock protection module is used to realize interlock protection and cut off the high-frequency output when an abnormal situation is detected; the motor information readback module is used to obtain the status information of the stepper motor; and the power supply module is used to supply power to each module of the low-level control system.

[0015] An experimental verification method for a low-level control system under low power conditions, characterized by the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: No vacuum is required in the high-frequency resonant cavity. Complete the connection of the experimental verification device and power it on. Set the frequency and amplitude of the frequency source generated by the main oscillator;

[0017] Step 2: The main oscillator generates a frequency source output to the low-level control system, which then generates an open-loop output to power amplifier 1.

[0018] Step 3: Power amplifier 1 amplifies the power signal and drives the high-frequency resonant cavity to establish a high-frequency field inside the cavity. Two samplers are used, one connected to an oscilloscope and the other connected to power amplifier 2.

[0019] Step 4: The high-frequency signal acquired by the sampler is amplified by power amplifier 2 and transmitted to the low-level control system. After the high-frequency field stabilizes, the low-level system switches to closed loop.

[0020] Step 5: Observe the frequency and amplitude information of the established high-frequency field using an oscilloscope. By adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the main oscillator output frequency source, or by adjusting the low-level amplitude setting point, observe the corresponding changes in the oscilloscope waveform. By adjusting the internal rod of the high-frequency resonant cavity, observe the movement of the carbon fiber drive rod and stepper motor controlled by the low-level control system in the tuning direction. If arcing occurs in the high-frequency resonant cavity, the low-level control system detects the abnormal state, shuts down the high-frequency output, and resumes operation after a period of time.

[0021] Advantages and effects of the present invention

[0022] 1. Revolutionizing the reliance on vacuum environments for low-power experimental verification of low-level control systems using high-frequency resonant cavities, achieving efficient verification at atmospheric pressure: Core breakthrough: For the first time, low-power dynamic characteristic verification based on a high-frequency resonant cavity is achieved under atmospheric pressure. Advantages: Completely eliminates the constraints of vacuum systems, saving the complex vacuuming process, high equipment costs, and time consumption, significantly reducing the testing threshold and cycle. Makes the initial debugging, performance verification, and stability evaluation of low-level control systems and high-frequency resonant cavities more convenient and efficient, greatly improving R&D and testing efficiency.

[0023] 2. Obtaining Real-Time Operating Data to Enhance Reliability Criteria: The resonant cavity itself (rather than external attenuation / phase shifting devices) directly receives and responds to low-power signals, and a low-level radio frequency response (LLRF) system monitors the cavity's dynamic response (such as frequency and field changes) in real time and automatically. Advantages: The test data accurately reflects the cavity's instantaneous behavior and dynamic changes under actual input power excitation, avoiding data distortion caused by human intervention delays or equipment isolation in traditional desktop testing methods. The obtained data has extremely high reliability and authenticity, and can be directly used as a key criterion for evaluating the stability of high-frequency resonant cavity systems in high-reliability systems (such as cyclotrons), providing a solid guarantee for predicting the overall system performance.

[0024] 3. Highly Integrated Closed-Loop Control for Precise Automatic Fine-Tuning: Core Innovation: The Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) system highly integrates signal processing (detection and feedback control) with actuator drive functions, directly controlling the carbon fiber drive rod + stepper motor actuator to directly fine-tune the tuning elements (such as tuning capacitors) inside the resonant cavity. Advantages: Achieves fully closed-loop, automated fine-tuning, completely eliminating the cumbersome, lagging, and error-prone nature of traditional desktop testing methods that rely on manual adjustments to equipment. The application of the carbon fiber drive rod (lightweight, high-strength, and low thermal expansion) ensures high-precision (micron / submicron level) and low-interference precision displacement control. The LLRF's closed-loop control algorithm can quickly respond to changes in cavity parameters, achieving fast, stable, and accurate online tuning, significantly improving system response speed and automation level.

[0025] 4. Effectively overcome atmospheric environmental challenges and ensure safe and stable testing: Core solution: Precise power threshold control: The power of power amplifier 1 (low-power signal) fed into the cavity under atmospheric conditions is set slightly below its vacuum safe operating threshold. Signal link enhancement: Power amplifier 2 (high-power signal) is introduced to compensate for signal attenuation / interference caused by the atmospheric environment. Advantages: Effectively suppresses the risk of atmospheric breakdown (arson), ensuring equipment safety and experimental stability under normal pressure testing conditions. Significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio and measurement accuracy, overcoming the difficulty of low-power signal detection caused by strong atmospheric interference and low cavity Q value, ensuring accurate and reliable monitoring data. Minimizes tuning disturbances and ensures stable cavity performance: Core solution: Addresses the problem of the significant impact of direct fine-tuning of internal cavity components on sensitive parameters (Q value, resonant frequency f0). Advantages: Through the integration of high-precision closed-loop control of LLRF and precision transmission of carbon fiber drive rods, the instantaneous disturbance of tuning action on cavity characteristics is minimized. This ensures that the cavity performance (especially the Q value) remains basically stable during the adjustment process, and that the verification process is highly repeatable and the results are reliable, providing a reliable platform for evaluating the cavity's fine-tuning response under real working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a desktop experimental verification device for the low-level control system of existing cyclotron accelerators.

[0027] Figure 2 This is an experimental verification device for the low-level control system based on a high-frequency resonant cavity of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3a Open-loop functional block diagram of a low-level control system;

[0029] Figure 3b Closed-loop functional block diagram of a low-level control system;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the high-frequency resonant cavity of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the experimental verification method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] 1. Innovations of this invention: One key innovation is the core breakthrough of "Low-Power Atmospheric Environment Verification Based on a High-Frequency Cavity Resonator." This is the most fundamental innovation, solving the problem that traditional verification methods require manual intervention and control by test personnel, failing to reflect the real-time changes in the actual high-frequency resonator under feed power, thus rendering the test data unsuitable as a criterion for the cavity stability of a high-reliability high-frequency system. Another innovation is that while processing high-frequency signals, the low-level system also directly drives the tuning actuator: a carbon fiber drive rod + stepper motor. Observing changes in this mechanism reflects the low-level system's tuning control of the high-frequency resonator.

[0033] 2. Design challenges of this invention: First, the challenge of directly using a high-frequency resonant cavity under atmospheric pressure for experimental verification lies in: 1) Due to the lack of a vacuum environment, the breakdown voltage is low under atmospheric pressure, which can easily lead to arcing even in low-power experiments; 2) Under atmospheric pressure, the Q value of the resonant cavity decreases, the resonant frequency is prone to shift, and environmental interference is strong, which has a significant impact on low-power signals. Second, the challenge of replacing power dividers, attenuators, and phase shifters in desktop experiments lies in: 1) In the past, adjusting attenuators and phase shifters was a direct external adjustment of the equipment, but the new testing scheme requires direct adjustment of the high-frequency resonant cavity, and even small adjustments may have a significant impact on the cavity quality factor and resonant frequency;

[0034] 3. Solutions to Challenges: 1) To address the issue of low breakdown voltage of the high-frequency cavity under atmospheric conditions, which can easily lead to arcing even in low-power experiments, this invention adjusts the power amplifier 1 input to the high-frequency cavity under atmospheric conditions to be slightly lower than that input under vacuum conditions. Power amplifier 1 provides a low-power signal. Furthermore, the arcing issue can be addressed by testing the interlocking protection module. 2) After replacing the power divider, attenuator, and phase shifter with the high-frequency cavity, a power amplifier 2 is added to address the severe signal attenuation problem. Power amplifier 2 amplifies the high-frequency signal acquired by the sampler. 3) To address the issue that "small adjustments may have a significant impact on the cavity quality factor and resonant frequency," a low-level system is used to directly control the carbon fiber drive rod and stepper motor of the high-frequency resonant cavity.

[0035] 4. Design principle of this invention:

[0036] 1) Core principle of the device: By simulating the working state of a high-frequency resonant cavity in a vacuum environment through a simplified system under atmospheric conditions, the device achieves low-power, low-cost closed-loop control verification. The key innovation lies in replacing traditional desktop experimental components: power dividers, attenuators, and phase shifters, and establishing self-sustaining power balance.

[0037] 2) Core Component Function Analysis: The core innovation lies in replacing the power divider, attenuator, and phase shifter with a high-frequency resonant cavity.

[0038] ① Sampler replaces power divider: Two samplers directly acquire high-frequency field signals inside the cavity (one to the oscilloscope for monitoring, and one to power amplifier 2, eliminating dependence on the power divider).

[0039] ② Inner rod replaces phase shifter: By adjusting the position of the inner rod, cavity tuning, electromagnetic field shaping and impedance matching are achieved, replacing the function of the phase shifter.

[0040] ③ Atmospheric environment verification: No vacuuming is required, which significantly reduces the complexity and cost of experiments.

[0041] ④ Power Amplification System Design: Power Amplifier 1: Driver stage amplification (low power), meeting P功放1 ≈ Slightly smaller than the value required for power amplifier 1' in vacuum. Power amplifier 2: Feedback stage amplification, satisfying P 功放2 =P 腔损耗 -

[0042] P 功放1 ;

[0043] ⑤ Ensure input / output power balance in the low-level system to maintain closed-loop steady state (Equation (1)). Modular architecture of the low-level control system (LLRF):

[0044] Clock allocation: Divide the main oscillator frequency into clocks for each module;

[0045] Analog-to-digital conversion: Acquire feedback signal from power amplifier 2;

[0046] Digital-to-analog conversion: generates the drive signal for power amplifier 1;

[0047] Amplitude / phase demodulation: Extracting the amplitude and phase information of the feedback signal;

[0048] PID controller: Closed-loop feedback control (amplitude and phase stable);

[0049] Amplitude / phase modulation: modulation of the amplitude and phase of a high-frequency signal;

[0050] Tuning control: Generate PWM signal → Stepper motor → Adjust rod inside the cavity;

[0051] Interlock protection: Cuts off high-frequency output in case of abnormality;

[0052] Motor readback: Monitors the status of stepper motors;

[0053] Power supply module: Provides power to all modules;

[0054] Based on the above principles, this invention designs a low-power experimental verification device for a low-level control system of a cyclotron accelerator, as follows: Figure 2As shown, the low-power experimental verification device is characterized by the following components arranged sequentially along the signal transmission path: a main oscillator, a low-level control system, a power amplifier 1 for low-power amplification, a high-frequency resonant cavity, a power amplifier 2 for high-power amplification, a high-frequency cable, and an oscilloscope. The main oscillator is used to generate the frequency source required for the externally excited high-frequency system. The low-level control system serves as the test subject of the proposed experimental verification method and controls the high-frequency resonant cavity. The power amplifier 1 amplifies the power generated by the low-level control system and drives the high-frequency resonant cavity. The high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment, establishing a high-frequency field through a sampler, its own attenuator, an internal power divider, attenuator, and phase shifter used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment, and driven by the output power of the power amplifier 1. The power amplifier 2 amplifies the sampling power of the high-frequency resonant cavity and inputs it to the low-level control system. The high-frequency cable is used for low-loss transmission of high-frequency signals between the components to ensure signal stability. The oscilloscope is used to measure the waveform of the sampling signal from the high-frequency resonant cavity.

[0055] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment. Figure 4 Sampler replacement Figure 1 A power divider in an atmospheric environment, specifically: through Figure 4 The high-frequency resonant cavity uses two samplers to sample the high-frequency field, directly reflecting the high-frequency field state. One sampler is connected to the oscilloscope, and the other sampler is connected to power amplifier 2.

[0056] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment. Figure 4 Replacement of inner rod Figure 1 Phase shifters in atmospheric environments, specifically: by adjusting Figure 4 The inner rod of the high-frequency cavity is used for high-frequency resonant cavity tuning, electromagnetic field shaping, and impedance matching, replacing... Figure 1 Phase shifters in atmospheric environments.

[0057] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the low-level control system realizes the control of the high-frequency resonant cavity, specifically as follows: Figure 2 The low-level control system controls Figure 4 The carbon fiber drive rod and stepper motor of the high-frequency resonant cavity adjust the resonant frequency of the entire high-frequency resonant cavity.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the output power P of the power amplifier 1 功放1 The output power P of power amplifier 2 功放2and the power loss P of the high-frequency resonant cavity 腔损耗 Satisfying the formula:

[0059] |P 功放1 +P 功放2 |=|P 腔损耗 |, and P 功放1 <P 功放2 (1)

[0060] Formula (1) ensures that the output power and input power of the low-level control system are basically the same, which is beneficial for the closed-loop control system to maintain steady state.

[0061] Furthermore, the power amplifier 1 is slightly smaller than the power amplifier 1' required to amplify low-level control system signals in a vacuum environment; the power amplifier 2 is equal to the power loss of the high-frequency resonant cavity minus the power amplifier 1.

[0062] like Figure 3a , 3b As shown, the low-level control system serves as the test subject for the proposed experimental verification method and realizes the control of the high-frequency system. Specifically, the low-level control system includes a clock distribution module, an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion module, an amplitude and phase demodulation module, an amplitude and phase modulation module, a PID controller module, a tuning control module, an interlocking protection module, a motor information readback module, and a power supply module. The clock distribution module is used to convert the frequency source generated by the main oscillator into a clock signal required by other modules. The analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion modules are used to acquire the output signal of power amplifier 2 and generate the drive signal of power amplifier 1. The amplitude and phase demodulation module is used to acquire the output signal of power amplifier 2 and generate the drive signal of power amplifier 1. The phase demodulation module is used to demodulate the output signal of the power amplifier 2 after analog-to-digital conversion to obtain its amplitude and phase information; the amplitude and phase modulation module is used to modulate the amplitude and phase of the high-frequency signal; the PID controller module is used to realize closed-loop negative feedback of amplitude and phase; the tuning control module is used to generate PWM control signals to control the stepper motor to achieve high-frequency cavity tuning control; the interlocking protection module is used to realize interlocking protection and cut off the high-frequency output when an abnormal situation is detected; the motor information readback module is used to obtain the status information of the stepper motor; and the power supply module is used to supply power to each module of the low-level control system.

[0063] An experimental verification method for a low-level control system under low power conditions, such as Figure 5 As shown, its characteristics include the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: No vacuum is required in the high-frequency resonant cavity. Complete the connection of the experimental verification device and power it on. Set the frequency and amplitude of the frequency source generated by the main oscillator;

[0065] Step 2: The main oscillator generates a frequency source output to the low-level control system, which then generates an open-loop output to power amplifier 1.

[0066] Supplementary note 1 like Figure 3a The diagram shown is an open-loop functional block diagram of a low-level control system. Figure 3b The diagram shows the closed-loop functional block diagram of a low-level control system. The main difference between open-loop and closed-loop control lies in the presence or absence of feedback. Open-loop control has no feedback; the output of the low-level system can be directly set. Closed-loop control has feedback (i.e., a PID control module), requiring a comparison between the measured value and the set value of the high-frequency system to adjust the output of the low-level system. Open-loop control is simpler to implement than closed-loop control, while closed-loop control offers higher accuracy.

[0067] Step 3: Power amplifier 1 amplifies the power signal and drives the high-frequency resonant cavity to establish a high-frequency field inside the cavity. Two samplers are used, one connected to an oscilloscope and the other connected to power amplifier 2.

[0068] Step 4: The high-frequency signal acquired by the sampler is amplified by power amplifier 2 and transmitted to the low-level control system. After the high-frequency field stabilizes, the low-level system switches to closed loop.

[0069] Step 5: Observe the frequency and amplitude information of the established high-frequency field using an oscilloscope. By adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the main oscillator output frequency source, or by adjusting the low-level amplitude setting point, observe the corresponding changes in the oscilloscope waveform. By adjusting the internal rod of the high-frequency resonant cavity, observe the movement of the carbon fiber drive rod and stepper motor controlled by the low-level control system in the tuning direction. If arcing occurs in the high-frequency resonant cavity, the low-level control system detects the abnormal state, shuts down the high-frequency output, and resumes operation after a period of time.

[0070] It should be emphasized that the above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to the above embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. An experimental verification device for a low-power control system, characterized in that: The low-power experimental verification device is arranged sequentially along the signal transmission path as follows: a main oscillator, a low-level control system, a power amplifier 1 for low-power amplification, a high-frequency resonant cavity, a power amplifier 2 for high-power amplification, a high-frequency cable, and an oscilloscope. The main oscillator is used to generate the frequency source required for the externally excited high-frequency system. The low-level control system serves as the test subject of the proposed experimental verification method and controls the high-frequency resonant cavity. The power amplifier 1 amplifies the power generated by the low-level control system and drives the high-frequency resonant cavity. The high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment. It uses a sampler, its own attenuation, and an internal rod to replace the power divider, attenuator, and phase shifter used for desktop experimental verification in an atmospheric environment, and establishes a high-frequency field under the output power of the power amplifier 1. The power amplifier 2 amplifies the sampling power of the high-frequency resonant cavity and inputs it to the low-level control system. The high-frequency cable is used for low-loss transmission of high-frequency signals between the components to ensure signal stability. The oscilloscope is used to measure the waveform of the sampling signal from the high-frequency resonant cavity.

2. The experimental verification device for a low-level control system under low power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment. A sampler replaces the power divider in the atmospheric environment. Specifically, the high-frequency field is sampled by two samplers in the high-frequency resonant cavity to directly reflect the high-frequency field state. One sampler is connected to an oscilloscope and the other sampler is connected to power amplifier 2.

3. The experimental verification device for a low-level control system under low power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency resonant cavity is used for experimental verification in an atmospheric environment. The phase shifter in the atmospheric environment is replaced by an inner rod. Specifically, the high-frequency resonant cavity is tuned, the electromagnetic field is shaped, and the impedance is matched by adjusting the inner rod of the high-frequency cavity, thus replacing the phase shifter in the atmospheric environment.

4. The experimental verification device for a low-level control system under low power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-level control system controls the high-frequency resonant cavity. Specifically, the low-level control system adjusts the resonant frequency of the entire high-frequency resonant cavity by controlling the carbon fiber drive rod and stepper motor of the high-frequency resonant cavity.

5. The experimental verification device for a low-level control system under low power according to claim 4, characterized in that: The output power P of the power amplifier 1 功放1 The output power P of power amplifier 2 功放 2. and the power loss P of the high-frequency resonant cavity. 腔损耗 Satisfying the formula: |P 功放1 +P 功放2 |=|P 腔损耗 |, and P 功放1 <P 功放2 (1) Formula (1) ensures that the output power and input power of the low-level control system are basically the same, which is beneficial for the closed-loop control system to maintain steady state.

6. The experimental verification device for a low-level control system under low power according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power amplifier 1 is slightly smaller than the power amplifier 1' required to amplify the low-level control system signal by placing the high-frequency resonant cavity in a vacuum environment; the power amplifier 2 is equal to the power loss of the high-frequency resonant cavity minus the power amplifier 1.

7. The experimental verification device for a low-level control system under low power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-level control system serves as the test subject for the proposed experimental verification method and realizes the control of the high-frequency system. Specifically, the low-level control system includes a clock distribution module, an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion module, an amplitude and phase demodulation module, an amplitude and phase modulation module, a PID controller module, a tuning control module, an interlocking protection module, a motor information readback module, and a power supply module. The clock distribution module is used to convert the frequency source generated by the main oscillator into a clock signal required by other modules. The analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion modules are used to acquire the output signal of power amplifier 2 and generate the drive signal of power amplifier 1. The amplitude and phase... The demodulation module is used to demodulate the output signal of the power amplifier 2 after analog-to-digital conversion to obtain its amplitude and phase information; the amplitude and phase modulation module is used to modulate the amplitude and phase of the high-frequency signal; the PID controller module is used to realize closed-loop negative feedback of amplitude and phase; the tuning control module is used to generate PWM control signals to control the stepper motor to achieve high-frequency cavity tuning control; the interlocking protection module is used to realize interlocking protection and cut off the high-frequency output when an abnormal situation is detected; the motor information readback module is used to obtain the status information of the stepper motor; and the power supply module is used to supply power to each module of the low-level control system.

8. A method for experimentally verifying a low-level control system under low power conditions using an experimental verification device for a low-level control system based on any one of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: No vacuum is required in the high-frequency resonant cavity. Complete the connection of the experimental verification device and power it on. Set the frequency and amplitude of the frequency source generated by the main oscillator; Step 2: The main oscillator generates a frequency source output to the low-level control system, which then generates an open-loop output to power amplifier 1. Step 3: Power amplifier 1 amplifies the power signal and drives the high-frequency resonant cavity to establish a high-frequency field inside the cavity. Two samplers are used, one connected to an oscilloscope and the other connected to power amplifier 2. Step 4: The high-frequency signal acquired by the sampler is amplified by power amplifier 2 and transmitted to the low-level control system. After the high-frequency field stabilizes, the low-level system switches to closed loop. Step 5: Observe the frequency and amplitude information of the established high-frequency field using an oscilloscope. By adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the main oscillator output frequency source, or by adjusting the low-level amplitude setting point, observe the corresponding changes in the oscilloscope waveform. By adjusting the internal rod of the high-frequency resonant cavity, observe the movement of the carbon fiber drive rod and stepper motor controlled by the low-level control system in the tuning direction. If arcing occurs in the high-frequency resonant cavity, the low-level control system detects the abnormal state, shuts down the high-frequency output, and resumes operation after a period of time.

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