Method and system for evaluating infiltration law of mountain slope in power transmission facility area

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of geological engineering, and provides a power transmission facility area mountain slope infiltration law assessment method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining and preprocessing multi-source geographic data, and screening a typical slope surface in an adjacent area of a power transmission line through the superposition analysis of a geographic information system; extracting soil hydraulic characteristic parameters of the corresponding slope from a soil database or field measurement data; constructing a vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture migration numerical model, and setting simulation depth, grids and atmospheric boundary scenes of two different runoff generation conditions; the model is operated, soil moisture migration related data under the atmosphere boundary scene of two different runoff generation conditions are compared, and the influence of surface runoff on the infiltration process is quantitatively evaluated; the comparative analysis result is applied to a power transmission line crossing area, and a slope infiltration response sensitive area is identified; and quantitative data basis can be provided for landslide early warning and electric tower foundation site selection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological engineering technology, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas. Background Technology

[0002] In the karst mountainous areas of southern my country, especially in Guangxi, power transmission corridors frequently traverse mountain slopes with dramatic topographic relief and complex geological structures. Frequent heavy rainfall and significant variations in the underlying surface lead to rapid surface runoff formation, which, along with infiltration, alters the internal moisture structure of the slope, becoming a key hydrological driver of landslides and other geological disasters. If rainfall causes a sharp increase in soil moisture content or pore pressure on the slope where the transmission tower foundations are located, its stability will be severely weakened, directly threatening the operational safety of the transmission lines. Therefore, studying the slope moisture migration patterns within transmission corridors under typical rainfall conditions and establishing a scientific infiltration modeling mechanism are of great significance for pre-disaster assessment and disaster prevention of power grid facilities.

[0003] Existing technologies primarily focus on simulating rainfall infiltration in relatively flat areas such as farmland and water sources. They employ numerical models simulating unsaturated zone flow and solute transport, soil moisture movement and solute transport models, and variable-saturation two-dimensional transport models to simulate dynamic water processes. However, these technologies largely assume simple boundary conditions and ideal geological structures, and rarely consider the geomorphological features, lithological distribution, and engineering context of actual mountain profiles. Furthermore, relying on empirical infiltration formulas to estimate infiltration rates fails to accurately reflect the dynamic response characteristics of complex slopes under rainfall-runoff conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for assessing the infiltration patterns of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas, which addresses the problem that existing assessment methods are unable to accurately reflect the dynamic response characteristics of complex slopes under rainfall and runoff conditions.

[0005] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas, comprising: Acquire multi-source geographic data of the area surrounding the power transmission line and preprocess the acquired data; Based on the preprocessed data, typical slopes were selected in the vicinity of the power transmission line through overlay analysis using a geographic information system. Based on the typical slope, soil hydraulic characteristic parameters of the corresponding slope are extracted from soil database or field measurement data; Based on the soil hydraulic properties parameters, a vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model was constructed, and simulation depth, grid, and atmospheric boundary scenarios with two different runoff generation conditions were set. The vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model was driven by typical rainfall event data. The soil moisture transport data under two different atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions were compared to quantitatively assess the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process. The comparative analysis results were applied to areas traversed by power transmission lines to identify areas sensitive to slope infiltration response.

[0006] Furthermore, the multi-source geographic data includes elevation data, soil type data, lithology data, historical landslide distribution data, and spatial data of power transmission lines.

[0007] Furthermore, the typical slope must meet the following requirements: it has a significant slope, the soil type is hydrologically sensitive, it is located in a geologically hazardous area, and it is associated with the distribution points of historical disasters.

[0008] Furthermore, the process of selecting typical slopes in the vicinity of transmission lines based on preprocessed data through overlay analysis using a geographic information system includes: Based on preprocessed elevation data, soil type data, lithological data, and historical landslide distribution data, a preliminary candidate slope set is generated through spatial overlay analysis using a geographic information system. The preliminary candidate slope set is quantitatively screened using preset slope threshold rules, soil hydrological sensitivity classification rules, geological disaster-prone area matching rules, and historical disaster association rules to determine the final typical slope.

[0009] Furthermore, the extraction of soil hydraulic characteristic parameters of the corresponding slope from a soil database or field measurement data based on the typical slope includes: Extract the residual moisture content, saturated moisture content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil moisture characteristic curve model parameters of the typical slope area.

[0010] Furthermore, one of the two atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions allows surface runoff to form when rainfall intensity exceeds soil infiltration capacity.

[0011] Furthermore, the mathematical expression of the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model is as follows: in: Soil moisture content, Infiltration time, For vertical spatial coordinates, Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity It is a negative pressure head. This represents the root water absorption rate. Unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity The soil moisture characteristic curve is defined by the Van Genuchten model: in: Residual soil moisture content Soil saturation water content, For soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, , , For the shape parameters of the Van Genuchten model, , For pore connectivity parameters, This represents the effective saturation level.

[0012] Furthermore, the method of using typical rainfall event data to drive the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model includes: Set the initial soil moisture content distribution and negative pressure head distribution for the model; Load the intensity and duration data of typical rainfall events onto the upper boundary of the model; Numerical solutions are obtained by using an adaptive time step control strategy, and the dynamic sequence of soil moisture content, time series data of wetting front advance depth, and cumulative infiltration are output at the preset observation depth.

[0013] Furthermore, the comparison of soil moisture transport data under two different atmospheric boundary scenarios with varying runoff generation conditions to quantitatively assess the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process includes: Simulation results were extracted for scenarios with and without runoff under the same rainfall conditions; By comparing the time difference in the wetting front reaching the same depth under the two scenarios, the infiltration delay rate caused by runoff is calculated. The offset of soil moisture content distribution curves at different depths at the same time was analyzed to quantify the impact of runoff on water profile redistribution. Calculate the cumulative infiltration difference to determine the net infiltration loss caused by surface runoff generation.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides an evaluation system for the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas, comprising: The data acquisition and preprocessing unit is used to acquire multi-source geographic data of the area surrounding the transmission line and to preprocess the acquired data. Typical slope screening unit is used to screen typical slopes in the vicinity of power transmission lines based on preprocessed data and through geographic information system overlay analysis. The soil hydraulic property parameter extraction unit is used to extract the soil hydraulic property parameters of the corresponding slope from the soil database or field measurement data based on the typical slope. The model building unit is used to build a vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model based on the soil hydraulic property parameters, and to set the simulation depth, grid and atmospheric boundary scenarios for two different runoff generation conditions. The model running unit is used to drive the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model using typical rainfall event data, compare soil moisture transport data under two different atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions, and quantitatively assess the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process. The sensitive area identification unit is used to apply the comparative analysis results to the area crossed by the transmission line to identify the sensitive areas of slope infiltration response.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention preprocesses multi-source geographic data and uses Geographic Information System (GIS) overlay analysis to select typical slopes in the vicinity of power transmission lines, ensuring the representativeness and geological hazard risk indication of the modeled profiles. Based on these typical slopes, soil hydraulic characteristic parameters are extracted from soil databases or field measurements. A vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model is constructed, setting simulation depth, grid, and two atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions. Typical rainfall event data drives the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model, comparing soil moisture transport data under the two different runoff generation conditions to quantitatively assess the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process. The comparative analysis results are applied to areas traversed by power transmission lines to identify sensitive areas for slope infiltration response, providing quantitative basis for landslide early warning and power tower foundation site selection. This method has the advantages of clear process and strong applicability, and is particularly suitable for slope hydrological simulation and risk identification in complex mountainous areas traversed by power transmission lines. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in a power transmission facility area according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is the one-dimensional seepage model in this invention; Figure 3 This is a graph illustrating the simulated infiltration process in this invention. Figure 4 The graphs show the water content changes over time under runoff and non-runoff conditions, respectively, according to this invention. Figure 5 This is a graph showing the water content as a function of depth under conditions of runoff and no runoff, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “corresponding to,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0018] Example 1 The implementation method in this embodiment can be implemented in a system, on a server, or on a terminal; no specific limitation is made. The following section will introduce the evaluation method for the infiltration law of mountain slopes in the power transmission facility area from the perspective of system implementation. Please refer to... Figure 1 The method provided in this application includes the following steps: S11. Obtain multi-source geographic data of the area surrounding the transmission line and preprocess the obtained data; In this embodiment, the multi-source geographic data includes elevation data, soil type data, lithology data, historical landslide distribution data, and power transmission line spatial data. Specifically, digital elevation model data of the area surrounding the power transmission lines is acquired to calculate slope and aspect topographic factors. Simultaneously, land use data, lithology maps, and soil type maps are collected to comprehensively describe surface cover characteristics and underground geological structures. Spatial locations of historical landslide distribution points and power transmission line vector maps are supplemented as spatial references for slope selection. Remote sensing imagery data is used to improve the spatial accuracy and timeliness of underlying surface feature identification. Projection transformation, coordinate system correction, and spatial resolution resampling operations are performed on the above multi-source geographic data to unify the spatial reference frame and raster unit scale of all datasets, ensuring logical consistency in subsequent geographic information system overlay analysis.

[0019] S12. Based on the preprocessed data, typical slopes are selected in the vicinity of the power transmission line through overlay analysis using a geographic information system. In this example, a typical slope must meet the following requirements: a significant slope, a hydrologically sensitive soil type, a location in a geologically hazardous area, and a connection to historical disaster distribution points.

[0020] Based on the preprocessed data, typical slopes in the vicinity of power transmission lines are selected through geographic information system overlay analysis, including the following steps: 1. Based on preprocessed elevation data, soil type data, lithology data, and historical landslide distribution data, a preliminary candidate slope set is generated through spatial overlay analysis using a geographic information system; 2. The preliminary candidate slope set is quantitatively screened using preset slope threshold rules, soil hydrological sensitivity classification rules, geological disaster-prone area matching rules, and historical disaster association rules to determine the final typical slope.

[0021] Specifically, based on preprocessed elevation data, soil type data, lithology data, and historical landslide distribution data, a preliminary candidate slope set for the area adjacent to the power transmission line is generated through spatial overlay analysis using a geographic information system. The preliminary candidate slope set is then subjected to slope threshold screening, soil hydrological sensitivity classification and identification, spatial matching of geological hazard-prone areas, and spatial correlation analysis of historical hazard points. Slope threshold screening retains significant slope topographic units; soil hydrological sensitivity classification and identification focuses on silt and clay loam soil types; spatial matching of geological hazard-prone areas identifies high-risk landslide areas and karst areas; and spatial correlation analysis of historical hazard points establishes the topological relationship between slopes and historical geological hazard events. Finally, a multi-rule quantitative screening mechanism determines the final typical slope that simultaneously meets the conditions of significant slope, hydrologically sensitive soil distribution, spatial location of geological hazard-prone areas, and historical hazard correlation.

[0022] S13. Based on typical slopes, extract soil hydraulic property parameters of the corresponding slopes from soil databases or field measurement data; In this embodiment, the residual moisture content, saturated moisture content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil moisture characteristic curve model parameters of the typical slope area are extracted.

[0023] Based on the spatial location and soil lithological properties of the typical slope, core soil hydraulic characteristic parameters for the corresponding slope are extracted from global soil databases or regional field measurement data sources. These parameters include residual water content, saturated water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and model parameters defining the soil moisture characteristic curve, specifically the shape parameters and pore distribution parameters of the Van Genuchten model. The global soil database provides a historical standardized parameter set, while regional field measurement data are obtained through in-situ experiments to obtain the soil moisture characteristic curve and measured saturated hydraulic conductivity values ​​under current hydrogeological conditions. Both parameter sources must be matched with the soil type and lithological classification code of the typical slope location to ensure the spatial specificity and physical consistency of the extracted parameters, providing core input for the subsequent construction of a vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model.

[0024] S14. Based on soil hydraulic property parameters, construct a vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model, and set simulation depth, grid, and atmospheric boundary scenarios with two different runoff generation conditions; In this embodiment, one of the two atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions allows surface runoff to form when rainfall intensity exceeds soil infiltration capacity.

[0025] The specific implementation principle is as follows: First, based on the soil layer distribution characteristics at different depths on typical slopes, as shown in Table 1, the vertical grid structure of the model was divided. Soil texture numbers were mapped to specific soil types using the global soil database, as shown in Table 2. Parameters for the corresponding textures were matched based on Table 3. Second, atmospheric boundary scenarios were set for the model: a no-runoff scenario where rainfall intensity is consistently less than soil infiltration capacity, resulting in complete water infiltration; and a runoff scenario where, when typical rainfall event data is loaded, as shown in Table 4, if the rainfall intensity exceeds the instantaneous infiltration capacity represented by the current soil layer's saturated hydraulic conductivity, an over-infiltration runoff generation mechanism is triggered to generate surface runoff. Simultaneously, model depth and grid partitioning were configured: the simulation depth covers the root influence zone and potential sliding surface of typical slopes, and the grid density is refined based on soil abrupt change interfaces. Finally, the dual-scenario model was constructed, providing a parameterized basis for subsequent rainfall-driven simulations.

[0026] Table 1 Soil texture distribution of typical slopes with depth (Soil texture number) Table 2 World Soil Database (Soil Texture Database) Table 3 Saturated hydraulic conductivity parameters of typical soils Table 4. Records of typical slope rainfall events S15. Using typical rainfall event data to drive the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model, compare the soil moisture transport data under two different runoff generation conditions and atmospheric boundary scenarios to quantitatively assess the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process. S16. Apply the comparative analysis results to the areas traversed by transmission lines to identify areas sensitive to slope infiltration response.

[0027] Based on step S14 above, the mathematical expression of the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model is as follows: in: Soil moisture content, Infiltration time, For vertical spatial coordinates, Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity It is a negative pressure head. This represents the root water absorption rate. Unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity The soil moisture characteristic curve is defined by the Van Genuchten model: in: Residual soil moisture content The soil saturation water content, For soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, , , For the shape parameters of the Van Genuchten model, , For pore connectivity parameters, This represents the effective saturation level.

[0028] In this embodiment, the numerical model of vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport is driven by typical rainfall event data, including the following steps: 1. Set the initial soil moisture content distribution and negative pressure head distribution for the model; 2. Load the intensity and duration data of typical rainfall events onto the upper boundary of the model; 3. An adaptive time step control strategy is adopted for numerical solution, and the dynamic sequence of soil moisture content, time series data of wetting front advance depth and cumulative infiltration are output at the preset observation depth.

[0029] First, the initial conditions of the model are set based on the initial hydrological conditions of a typical slope, namely, the distribution of soil moisture content and negative pressure head in the vertical profile are defined according to historical observations or standard field values. Typical rainfall event data (see the rainfall intensity-duration process recorded in Table 4) are loaded onto the upper boundary of the model, where the rainfall intensity data is input in hours to accurately match the actual rainfall process. In the numerical solution stage, an adaptive time step control strategy is adopted, with the initial step size set at 0.024 hours, the minimum step size at 0.00024 hours, the maximum step size at 120 hours, and the maximum number of iterations at 100 times, to ensure the convergence of the Richards equation solution. Simultaneously, at the preset observation depths (corresponding to the layer depths in Table 2: 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 100cm, 150cm), the dynamic sequence of soil moisture content, the temporal change of the wetting front advance depth, and the cumulative infiltration data are output in real time to form a complete dataset of water transport process.

[0030] By comparing soil moisture transport data under two different atmospheric boundary scenarios with varying runoff generation conditions, the impact of surface runoff on infiltration processes is quantitatively assessed, including the following steps: 1. Extract simulation results for scenarios with and without runoff under the same rainfall conditions; 2. Compare the time differences in the time it takes for the wetting front to reach the same depth under the two scenarios, and calculate the infiltration delay rate caused by runoff; 3. Analyze the offset of soil moisture content distribution curves at different depths at the same time to quantify the impact of runoff on water profile redistribution; 4. Calculate the cumulative infiltration difference to determine the net infiltration loss caused by surface runoff generation.

[0031] Extract simulation results datasets of the same typical rainfall events (two rainfall events from the same profile in Table 4) under scenarios with and without runoff; calculate the infiltration delay effect caused by runoff: compare the time difference of the wetting front reaching the same depth. According to the formula Quantify the inhibitory effect of runoff on water infiltration rate; analyze the water profile redistribution shift: select typical time points (e.g., 24 hours after peak rainfall), plot soil moisture content distribution curves with depth under two scenarios, calculate the area difference between the curves as the water redistribution amount, reflecting the degree of change of soil water storage space by runoff; determine the net infiltration loss: use the cumulative infiltration difference... It directly characterizes the net infiltration loss caused by surface runoff generation.

[0032] The following will provide a detailed explanation with examples: A one-dimensional seepage model under rainfall conditions was established based on Hydrus-1d, simulating a soil column height of 200cm and a mesh size of 1cm*1cm for iterative calculations. The time scale was set to hours, with the total seepage duration of the soil column test equal to the duration of each rainfall event. Soil moisture content data was output every quarter of the total duration for each profile. The initial step size was set to 0.024h, the minimum step size to 0.00024h, the maximum step size to 120h, and the maximum number of iterations to 100 to ensure convergence of the calculation results. Observation points were set at profile depths of 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 100cm, and 150cm. The established one-dimensional seepage model and the simulated infiltration process are as follows. Figure 2 In the figure, N1-N6 represent the soil moisture content at different depths of the soil column over time. Figure 3 As shown, the simulation yielded curves of soil moisture content changing over time at different depths of the soil column.

[0033] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, after the model is set up, a time series simulation is performed, and the output includes: the volumetric water content change curve at various depths within the soil layer, the change in the depth of the wetting front over time, the cumulative infiltration rate, and the instantaneous infiltration rate. By comparing the output differences between the two simulation scenarios of "no runoff conditions" and "runoff conditions," the moderating effect and influence of surface runoff on the slope infiltration process are evaluated, thus providing a scientific basis for slope stability evaluation and power facility site selection.

[0034] Example 2 An embodiment of the evaluation system for the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to the present invention includes the following steps: The data acquisition and preprocessing unit is used to acquire multi-source geographic data of the area surrounding the transmission line and to preprocess the acquired data. Typical slope screening unit is used to screen typical slopes in the vicinity of power transmission lines based on preprocessed data and through geographic information system overlay analysis. The soil hydraulic property parameter extraction unit is used to extract soil hydraulic property parameters of a typical slope from a soil database or field measurement data. The model building unit is used to construct a vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model based on soil hydraulic property parameters, and to set the simulation depth, grid, and atmospheric boundary scenarios for two different runoff generation conditions. The model running unit is used to drive the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model using typical rainfall event data, compare soil moisture transport data under two different atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions, and quantitatively assess the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process. The sensitive area identification unit is used to apply the comparative analysis results to the area crossed by the transmission line to identify the sensitive areas of slope infiltration response.

[0035] For specific limitations regarding the system, please refer to the method limitations described above, which will not be repeated here. Each module in the above system can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of the computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0036] It is understood that those skilled in the art can combine various implementation methods in the above embodiments under the guidance of the above examples to obtain technical solutions with multiple implementation methods.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas, characterized in that, include: Acquire multi-source geographic data of the area surrounding the power transmission line and preprocess the acquired data; Based on the preprocessed data, typical slopes were selected in the vicinity of the power transmission line through overlay analysis using a geographic information system. Based on the typical slope, soil hydraulic characteristic parameters of the corresponding slope are extracted from soil database or field measurement data; Based on the soil hydraulic properties parameters, a vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model was constructed, and simulation depth, grid, and atmospheric boundary scenarios with two different runoff generation conditions were set. The vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model was driven by typical rainfall event data. The soil moisture transport data under two different atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions were compared to quantitatively assess the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process. The comparative analysis results were applied to areas traversed by power transmission lines to identify areas sensitive to slope infiltration response.

2. The method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source geographic data includes elevation data, soil type data, lithology data, historical landslide distribution data, and spatial data of power transmission lines.

3. The method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The typical slope must meet the following requirements: significant slope, hydrologically sensitive soil type, located in a geologically hazardous area, and associated with historical disaster distribution points.

4. The method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Based on the preprocessed data, typical slopes are selected in the vicinity of the transmission line through overlay analysis using a geographic information system, including: Based on preprocessed elevation data, soil type data, lithological data, and historical landslide distribution data, a preliminary candidate slope set is generated through spatial overlay analysis using a geographic information system. The preliminary candidate slope set is quantitatively screened using preset slope threshold rules, soil hydrological sensitivity classification rules, geological disaster-prone area matching rules, and historical disaster association rules to determine the final typical slope.

5. The method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extraction of soil hydraulic characteristic parameters of the corresponding slope from a soil database or field measurement data based on the typical slope includes: Extract the residual moisture content, saturated moisture content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil moisture characteristic curve model parameters of the typical slope area.

6. The method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the two atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions allows surface runoff to form when rainfall intensity exceeds soil infiltration capacity.

7. The method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mathematical expression for the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model is as follows: in: Soil moisture content, Infiltration time, For vertical spatial coordinates, Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity It is a negative pressure head. This represents the root water absorption rate. Unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity The soil moisture characteristic curve is defined by the Van Genuchten model: in: Residual soil moisture content Soil saturation water content, For soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, , , For the shape parameters of the Van Genuchten model, , For pore connectivity parameters, This represents the effective saturation level.

8. The method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of using typical rainfall event data to drive the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model includes: Set the initial soil moisture content distribution and negative pressure head distribution for the model; Load the intensity and duration data of typical rainfall events onto the upper boundary of the model; Numerical solutions are obtained by using an adaptive time step control strategy, and the dynamic sequence of soil moisture content, time series data of wetting front advance depth, and cumulative infiltration are output at the preset observation depth.

9. The method for evaluating the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comparison of soil moisture transport data under two different atmospheric boundary scenarios with varying runoff generation conditions quantitatively assesses the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process, including: Simulation results were extracted for scenarios with and without runoff under the same rainfall conditions; By comparing the time difference in the wetting front reaching the same depth under the two scenarios, the infiltration delay rate caused by runoff is calculated. The offset of soil moisture content distribution curves at different depths at the same time was analyzed to quantify the impact of runoff on water profile redistribution. Calculate the cumulative infiltration difference to determine the net infiltration loss caused by surface runoff generation.

10. An evaluation system for the infiltration pattern of mountain slopes in power transmission facility areas, characterized in that, The method described by any one of claims 1-9 comprises: The data acquisition and preprocessing unit is used to acquire multi-source geographic data of the area surrounding the transmission line and to preprocess the acquired data. Typical slope screening unit is used to screen typical slopes in the vicinity of power transmission lines based on preprocessed data and through geographic information system overlay analysis. The soil hydraulic property parameter extraction unit is used to extract the soil hydraulic property parameters of the corresponding slope from the soil database or field measurement data based on the typical slope. The model building unit is used to build a vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model based on the soil hydraulic property parameters, and to set the simulation depth, grid and atmospheric boundary scenarios for two different runoff generation conditions. The model running unit is used to drive the vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture transport numerical model using typical rainfall event data, compare soil moisture transport data under two different atmospheric boundary scenarios with different runoff generation conditions, and quantitatively assess the impact of surface runoff on the infiltration process. The sensitive area identification unit is used to apply the comparative analysis results to the area crossed by the transmission line to identify the sensitive areas of slope infiltration response.

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