Composite biological agent for preventing and controlling aphids and preparation method of composite biological agent

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite biological preparation for aphid control and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological control, the composite biological preparation comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10%-12% of tea saponin, 10%-13% of rotenone, 11%-14% of citronellal, 10%-15% of tea polyphenol, 12%-15% of castor extract, 10%-12% of white mustard seed oil, 3%-5% of garlic oil, 2%-4% of lauric aldehyde, 7%-9% of peppermint oil, and the balance of 95% alcohol. According to the preparation disclosed by the invention, through a multi-target synergistic effect, aphid mouthparts are out of order, action ability is lost, breeding is stopped and the symbiotic relationship of ants is blocked, so that omnibearing aphid prevention and control are realized, and the prevention and control efficiency reaches 90% or above.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of biological control, and relates to a composite biological preparation for aphid control and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aphids are one of the main pests of agricultural and forestry crops, which cause plants to grow weak by sucking plant sap, and also can transmit a variety of viral diseases, causing serious economic losses. At present, aphid control mainly relies on chemical pesticides, but long-term use of chemical pesticides can easily lead to problems such as increased aphid resistance, environmental pollution and pesticide residues in agricultural products. Therefore, developing efficient and environmentally friendly biological control preparations has become a research hotspot in the field of aphid control.

[0003] Aphids have a symbiotic relationship with ants: ants can transport aphid eggs in the soil to the back of plant leaves, protect aphids from natural enemies, and eat honeydew excreted by aphids. Traditional control methods only target aphids, ignoring the synergistic effect of ants, resulting in unsatisfactory control effect. In addition, existing biological preparations are mostly single-component, which has problems such as narrow control spectrum and short duration. SUMMARY

[0004] The application aims to provide a composite biological preparation for aphid control and a preparation method thereof, which realizes efficient and environmentally friendly aphid control through multi-component synergistic effect and targeting both aphids and their symbiotic ants.

[0005] The application adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the above-mentioned purpose: A composite biological preparation for aphid control, by weight percentage, the raw materials include tea saponin 10%-12%, rotenone 10%-13%, citronellal 11%-14%, tea polyphenol 10%-15%, castor extract 12%-15%, white mustard seed oil 10%-12%, garlic oil 3%-5%, lauric aldehyde 2%-4%, peppermint oil 7%-9%, and the balance is 95% alcohol.

[0006] Further, by weight percentage, the raw materials include tea saponin 11%, rotenone 12%, citronellal 13%, tea polyphenol 12%, castor extract 13%, white mustard seed oil 11%, garlic oil 4%, lauric aldehyde 3%, peppermint oil 8%, and the balance is 95% alcohol.

[0007] Further, the tea saponin is extracted by the following method: tea seed meal is soaked in water for 24-36h, and equal volume of ethyl acetate is added for ultrasonic extraction twice, each for 30-40min, and the combined extract is distilled and concentrated to 1 / 5 of the original volume to obtain tea saponin crude extract.

[0008] Further, the castor extract is prepared by the following method: Take castor seed cake, add water according to the solid-liquid ratio 1:5, soak for 1h, then heat and simmer for 40-60min, continuously skim off the scum during the process; After the simmering is completed, centrifugal filtration is carried out at 3000r / min for 15min, and the filtrate is collected; After the filtrate is cooled to room temperature, white oil, alcohol and dimethyl sulfoxide are added according to the volume ratio of filtrate: white oil: alcohol: dimethyl sulfoxide 5:2:2:1, and then stirred uniformly, and then distilled, and the distillation temperature is controlled at 70-80℃, and the distillate is collected; The distillate is frozen at-15℃ for 2h, and the lower yellow liquid is taken as the castor extract.

[0009] A preparation method of a composite biological preparation for aphid control, comprising the following steps: Tea saponin, rotenone, citronellal, tea polyphenol and castor extract are weighed according to the proportion, citronellal is dissolved in 95% alcohol, then tea saponin, rotenone, tea polyphenol and castor extract are added, and stirring is carried out until complete dissolution, to obtain a mixed solution A; White mustard seed oil, garlic oil, lauric aldehyde and peppermint oil are weighed according to the proportion, mixed uniformly, and then added into the mixed solution A, and stirring is carried out at 30-40℃ for 30min, to obtain the composite biological preparation.

[0010] The present application has the following advantages: The preparation of the present application takes tea saponin, rotenone, citronellal, tea polyphenol and castor extract as core functional components, and is compounded with white mustard seed oil, garlic oil, lauric aldehyde and peppermint oil, so that aphid control is realized through multi-component synergistic effect. The preparation of the present application can make the mouthparts of aphids malfunction, lose the ability to move, stop reproduction, and block the transport and symbiotic relationship of ants to aphids through the interference of the sense of smell of ants, and has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and no residue, and solves the problems of easy drug resistance and environmental pollution of traditional chemical pesticides.

[0011] Through multi-target synergistic effect, the present application makes the mouthparts of aphids malfunction, lose the ability to move, stop reproduction and block the symbiotic relationship of ants, realizes omnidirectional aphid control, and the control efficiency is more than 90%.

[0012] The preparation of the present application is environmentally friendly and safe, all components are derived from natural plant extracts, there is no chemical pesticide residue, and it is friendly to humans, animals and the environment.

[0013] The preparation of the present application has a long effective period, forms a protective film on the surface of plants, and the effective period can be more than 14 days, thereby reducing the spraying frequency.

[0014] The preparation of the present application is simple to operate, can be directly sprayed after dilution, and is suitable for aphid control of various agricultural and forestry crops.

[0015] The mechanism of action of the components in the preparation of the present application is as follows: Tea saponin: destroy the wax layer of aphids, making them lose the ability to move; Rotenone: inhibit the respiratory enzyme activity of aphids, play a touch-kill role; Citronella and tea polyphenol: synergistic effect makes aphid mouth paralyzed, blocks feeding; Castor extract: contains ricin, inhibits the enzyme activity related to aphid reproduction, and prevents aphid reproduction; White mustard seed oil, garlic oil, lauric aldehyde: enhance the penetration of the preparation to aphids, improve the control efficiency; Peppermint oil: release irritating odor, interfere with the sense of smell of ants, block the transportation of aphid eggs and symbiotic relationship. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor should belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0017] Embodiment 1 Tea saponin extraction: Take 1 kg of tea seed meal, soak in 5 L of water for 30 h, ultrasonic extract with 5 L of ethyl acetate for 2 times (the first ultrasonic frequency is 25 kHz, and the second ultrasonic frequency is 45 kHz), each for 35 min, and then distill and concentrate the combined extract to 2 L to obtain tea saponin crude extract (which is used in the tea saponin of embodiments 3-5 of the present application).

[0018] Embodiment 2 Preparation of castor extract: Take 1 kg of castor seed cake, soak in 5 L of water for 1 h, and heat and cook for 50 min, and remove the floating scum; Centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 15 min, and collect the filtrate; After cooling the filtrate, add white oil, alcohol and dimethyl sulfoxide in a volume ratio of 5:2:2:1, and distill and collect the fraction at 75℃; Freeze at -15℃ for 2 h, and take the lower yellow liquid to obtain the castor extract.

[0019] Embodiment 3 The raw material composition of the compound biological preparation (weight percentage): tea saponin 11%, rotenone 12%, citronella 13%, tea polyphenol 12%, castor extract 13%, white mustard seed oil 11%, garlic oil 4%, lauric aldehyde 3%, peppermint oil 8%, and the balance is 95% alcohol.

[0020] Preparation method of the compound biological agent Tea saponin, rotenone, cinnamaldehyde, tea polyphenol and castor extract were weighed according to the proportion, and citronellal was dissolved in 95% alcohol, then tea saponin, rotenone, tea polyphenol and castor extract were added, and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution A; White mustard seed oil, garlic oil, lauryl aldehyde and peppermint oil were mixed uniformly and then added into the mixed solution A, and stirred at 35℃ for 30min to obtain the compound biological agent.

[0021] Example 4 The raw material composition of the compound biological agent (weight percentage) was tea saponin 10%, rotenone 13%, citronellal 11%, tea polyphenol 15%, castor extract 12%, white mustard seed oil 10%, garlic oil 3%, lauryl aldehyde 4%, peppermint oil 7%, and the balance was 95% alcohol.

[0022] Preparation method of the compound biological agent Tea saponin, rotenone, cinnamaldehyde, tea polyphenol and castor extract were weighed according to the proportion, and citronellal was dissolved in 95% alcohol, then tea saponin, rotenone, tea polyphenol and castor extract were added, and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution A; White mustard seed oil, garlic oil, lauryl aldehyde and peppermint oil were mixed uniformly and then added into the mixed solution A, and stirred at 35℃ for 30min to obtain the compound biological agent.

[0023] Example 5 The raw material composition of the compound biological agent (weight percentage) was tea saponin 12%, rotenone 10%, citronellal 14%, tea polyphenol 10%, castor extract 15%, white mustard seed oil 12%, garlic oil 5%, lauryl aldehyde 2%, peppermint oil 9%, and the balance was 95% alcohol.

[0024] Preparation method of the compound biological agent Tea saponin, rotenone, cinnamaldehyde, tea polyphenol and castor extract were weighed according to the proportion, and citronellal was dissolved in 95% alcohol, then tea saponin, rotenone, tea polyphenol and castor extract were added, and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution A; White mustard seed oil, garlic oil, lauryl aldehyde and peppermint oil were mixed uniformly and then added into the mixed solution A, and stirred at 35℃ for 30min to obtain the compound biological agent.

[0025] Test example 1 Test object: 30 plants of each group, repeated 3 times, were damaged by aphids.

[0026] Test preparation: the compound biological agent of example 3, and the control agent was 20% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate; Experimental method: The compound biological agent of Example 3 was diluted 600 times and the control agent was diluted 1000 times. Both were sprayed by spraying once every 7 days for 2 consecutive times.

[0027] Experimental results: 7 days after application, the aphid control rate of the formulation of this invention was 92.3%, and the ant repellency rate was 89.5%; 14 days after application, the control rate was still 85.7%, which was significantly higher than the control agent (81.2% control rate 7 days after application and 62.5% control rate 14 days after application).

[0028] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound biological agent for aphid control, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the raw materials include 10%-12% tea saponin, 10%-13% rotenone, 11%-14% citronellal, 10%-15% tea polyphenols, 12%-15% castor oil, 10%-12% white mustard seed oil, 3%-5% garlic oil, 2%-4% lauraldehyde, 7%-9% peppermint oil, and the balance being 95% alcohol.

2. The compound biological agent for aphid control according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the ingredients include 11% tea saponin, 12% rotenone, 13% citronellol, 12% tea polyphenols, 13% castor oil, 11% white mustard seed oil, 4% garlic oil, 3% lauraldehyde, 8% peppermint oil, and the balance being 95% alcohol.

3. The compound biological agent for aphid control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tea saponin was extracted by the following method: tea seed meal was soaked in water for 24-36 hours, and an equal volume of ethyl acetate was added for ultrasonic extraction twice, each time for 30-40 minutes. The extracts were combined and then concentrated by distillation to 1 / 5 of the original volume to obtain crude tea saponin extract.

4. The compound biological agent for aphid control according to claim 1, characterized in that, Castor bean extract is prepared by the following method: Take castor seed cake, add water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 and soak for 1 hour, then heat and simmer for 40-60 minutes, continuously skimming off any foam during the process; After boiling, centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 15 min and collect the filtrate. After the filtrate is cooled to room temperature, white oil, alcohol and dimethyl sulfoxide are added in a volume ratio of filtrate: white oil: alcohol: dimethyl sulfoxide of 5:2:2:

1. After stirring evenly, distillation is carried out, and the distillation temperature is controlled at 70-80℃. The fraction is collected. The fraction was frozen at -15°C for 2 hours, and the lower layer of yellow liquid was taken out, which is the castor bean extract.

5. The method for preparing a compound biological agent for aphid control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Weigh out tea saponin, rotenone, citronellal, tea polyphenols, and castor bean extract according to the proportions. Dissolve citronellal in 95% alcohol, then add tea saponin, rotenone, tea polyphenols, and castor bean extract, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain mixture A. Weigh out white mustard seed oil, garlic oil, lauraldehyde, and peppermint oil in proportion, mix them evenly, and add them to mixture A. Stir at 30-40℃ for 30 minutes to obtain the compound biological agent.