Eccentric shaft multi-procedure one-time clamping machining technology and device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of eccentric shaft machining, and particularly discloses an eccentric shaft multi-procedure one-time clamping machining technology and device which comprises a lathe bed body, a switchable positioning unit, a modular tool magazine, a precision detection module and a control system, and the switchable positioning unit, the modular tool magazine, the precision detection module and the control system are arranged on the lathe bed body. The switchable positioning unit comprises a three-jaw centering assembly, a manual fine adjustment chuck, an automatic compensation positioning mechanism and a tailstock center, the three-jaw centering assembly is in sliding connection with the top position of the lathe bed body, and the manual fine adjustment chuck and the automatic compensation positioning mechanism are both connected with the three-jaw centering assembly through a switching gear set; the modularized tool magazine is located on one side of the lathe bed body. According to the multi-procedure one-time clamping machining technology and device for the eccentric shaft, one-time clamping can meet two precision requirements, the equipment specialization problem is solved, the equipment input cost is reduced, the equipment utilization rate is increased, and meanwhile the machining precision and efficiency are guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the eccentric shaft processing technical field, especially to a kind of eccentric shaft multi-process one-time clamping machining process and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Eccentric shaft refers to the eccentric hole fixed on motor rotating shaft, does cam motion workpiece.As the core component of transmission mechanism, it is widely used in automobile, engine, pump, semiconductor and other fields.Different fields have significant differences in precision requirements: for example, the eccentricity tolerance of ordinary eccentric shaft of medium and small water pump factory is usually ±0.015-0.02mm, while the eccentricity tolerance of crankshaft of automobile engine and semiconductor equipment should not exceed ±0.005mm.

[0003] In the prior art, for medium precision requirement, "multiple clamping + ordinary lathe" process is often used, which needs manual adjustment of four-jaw chuck alignment, and the cumulative deviation of reference leads to low upper limit of precision, and the process is dispersed and inefficient.For high precision requirement, one-time clamping process mainly relies on 9-axis linkage and other high-end multi-task devices, which integrates turning (cylinder, end face, taper), milling (keyway, plane, special-shaped groove), drilling (radial hole, axial hole) and other functions, although the precision is high and the efficiency is good, but the equipment investment is large, and it can only adapt to single high precision requirement.When there are two kinds of precision requirements in an enterprise, special equipment needs to be configured, which leads to low equipment utilization rate and greatly increases production cost. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a kind of eccentric shaft multi-process one-time clamping machining process and device, realize one-time clamping to adapt to two kinds of precision requirements, solve the problem of equipment specialization, reduce equipment investment cost, improve equipment utilization rate, and at the same time ensure the machining precision and efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a kind of eccentric shaft multi-process one-time clamping machining device, including bed body and switchable positioning unit, modular tool library, precision detection module and control system set on bed body, the switchable positioning unit includes three-jaw centering assembly, manual fine adjustment chuck, automatic compensation positioning mechanism and tail seat center, the three-jaw centering assembly is slidably connected with the top position of the bed body, the manual fine adjustment chuck and the automatic compensation positioning mechanism are connected with the three-jaw centering assembly through switch gear set, the modular tool library is located on one side of the bed body;The precision detection module includes medium precision detection component and high precision detection component, the medium precision detection component is located on the tail seat center;The high precision detection component is located on the top of the bed body.

[0006] Preferably, the control system is electrically connected with the switchable positioning unit, the modular tool library, the precision detection module and the bed body.

[0007] Preferably, the center of the three-jaw centering assembly and the tailstock center are coincident with the spindle axis of the lathe bed body.

[0008] Preferably, the three-jaw centering assembly comprises a base and a plurality of clamping claws arranged around the center of the base, the base is fixedly connected with the lathe bed body through a flange plate, the spindle of the lathe bed body is rotatably connected with the base through the flange plate, the switching gear set comprises two driving gears and corresponding driven racks, the driven racks are arranged between the base and the flange plate, the manual fine adjustment chuck is connected with the output end A of the driving gear, the automatic compensation positioning mechanism is connected with the output end B of the driving gear, and the output ends A and B of the driving gear are provided with electromagnetic locking pins.

[0009] Preferably, the electromagnetic locking pin comprises an electromagnetic yoke arranged on the spindle of the driving gear and a positioning pin arranged on the gear disc of the driving gear, the top end of the positioning pin is fixedly connected with the gear disc of the driving gear through a spring assembly, the bottom end of the positioning pin is provided with an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is in contact with the electromagnetic yoke.

[0010] Preferably, the manual fine adjustment chuck adopts a scale disc with a precision of 0.01 mm, and the automatic compensation positioning mechanism adopts a servo motor.

[0011] Preferably, the modular tool magazine is built-in with turning tools, milling cutters and drill bits.

[0012] Preferably, the medium-precision detection assembly comprises a dial gauge and a caliper, and the dial gauge and the caliper are integrated on the tailstock center.

[0013] Preferably, the high-precision detection assembly comprises a laser displacement sensor and a three-coordinate measuring unit, the laser displacement sensor is installed on both sides of the driven rack and at the center position of the base, the laser displacement sensor is slidably connected with the top of the lathe bed body, and the laser displacement sensor is electrically connected with the three-coordinate measuring unit.

[0014] The application also provides an eccentric shaft multi-process one-time clamping machining process, comprising the following steps: S1, blank pretreatment: selecting a round steel blank corresponding to the material, performing annealing and quenching and tempering treatment, using a sawing machine to cut the blank, roughly turning the end faces of both ends and machining a center hole as a positioning reference to obtain a pretreated blank; S2, once clamping positioning: the pretreated blank is placed on the switchable positioning unit, and is preliminarily fixed through the three-jaw centering assembly, and then a positioning mode is selected according to the precision requirement: if the medium precision requirement is required, the manual fine adjustment chuck is started, and the eccentric shaft design axis is deviated from the machine tool spindle axis by less than or equal to 0.05mm through the dial gauge and the caliper; if the high precision requirement is required, the automatic compensation positioning mechanism is switched to, the positioning error is detected and compensated in real time through the laser displacement sensor, and the deviation is less than or equal to 0.005mm; S3, multi-process machining: starting the modular tool library, calling corresponding tools according to the machining requirement, and sequentially completing rough turning, semi-fine turning and fine turning in the once clamping state; S4, precision detection and feedback: in the machining process, the precision detection module collects size data and geometric tolerance data in real time: if the medium precision machining is required, the dial gauge and the caliper are used for detection; if the high precision machining is required, the three-coordinate measurement unit is started for online detection, and the detection data is fed back to the control system, and the machining parameters are adjusted in real time; S5, workpiece unloading: after the machining is completed, the three-jaw centering assembly loosens the workpiece.

[0015] Therefore, the eccentric shaft multi-process once clamping machining process and device have the beneficial effects as follows: The eccentric shaft multi-process once clamping machining process and device can adapt to machining of workpieces of different sizes, realize one-time clamping adaptation to two precision requirements by adjusting the position of the electromagnetic locking pin, solve the problem of equipment specialization, reduce equipment investment cost, improve equipment utilization, and ensure machining precision and efficiency.

[0016] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below with the help of the drawings and examples. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the eccentric shaft multi-process once clamping machining process and device of the present application; Fig. 2 is a structural schematic view of the embodiment of the eccentric shaft multi-process once clamping machining process and device of the present application; Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view of the switching gear set of the embodiment of the eccentric shaft multi-process once clamping machining process and device of the present application.

[0018] REFERENCE NUMERALS 1. Bed body; 2. Modular tool magazine; 3. Control system; 4. Guide rail; 5. Vibration damping pad; 6. Drive motor; 7. Medium precision detection components; 8. Laser displacement sensor; 9. Tailstock center; 10. Manual fine-tuning chuck; 11. Automatic compensation positioning mechanism; 12. Base; 13. Chucks; 14. Flange; 15. Drive gear; 16. Driven rack; 17. Electromagnetic shift fork; 18. Positioning pin; 19. Spring assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0021] Example 1 like Figs. 1-3 As shown, an eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device includes a bed body 1 and a switchable positioning unit, a modular tool magazine 2, a precision detection module, and a control system 3, all mounted on the bed body 1. The bed body 1 is integrally cast from cast iron, with shock-absorbing pads 5 at its bottom and guide rails 4 and a drive motor 6 at its top. The guide rails 4 are used to move the switchable positioning unit and the precision detection module, while the drive motor 6 is used to move the spindle. The control system 3 uses a PLC controller connected to a human-machine interface. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the switchable positioning unit, the modular tool magazine 2, the precision detection module, and the bed body 1. It can preset medium and high precision machining parameter templates, receive feedback data from the precision detection module, and control the operation of the switchable positioning unit, the modular tool magazine 2, and the bed body 1.

[0022] The precision detection module includes a medium-precision detection component 7 and a high-precision detection component. The medium-precision detection component 7 includes a dial indicator and calipers and is integrated on the tailstock center 9. The high-precision detection component includes several laser displacement sensors 8 and a coordinate measuring unit. One of the laser displacement sensors 8 is mounted on the top of the bed body 1 via a guide rail 4 and can move along the machining direction for detection.

[0023] The switchable positioning unit includes a three-jaw centering assembly, a manual fine adjustment chuck 10, an automatic compensation positioning mechanism 11 and a tailstock center 9, the three-jaw centering assembly is located on the guide rail 4 of the bed body 1, the centers of the three-jaw centering assembly and the tailstock center 9 are coincident with the spindle axis of the bed body 1, ensuring that the positioning accuracy is not deviated. The manual fine adjustment chuck 10 and the automatic compensation positioning mechanism 11 are connected with the three-jaw centering assembly through a switching gear set, which can realize quick switching of the positioning mode, the manual fine adjustment chuck 10 is suitable for medium-precision positioning, and the automatic compensation positioning mechanism 11 is suitable for high-precision positioning. The tip of the tailstock center 9 is in contact with the center hole of the workpiece, and the tailstock center 9 has the function of electric lifting to fix the workpiece in the clamped state.

[0024] The three-jaw centering assembly is used for basic clamping and rough positioning, the clamping diameter is 10-100 mm, and the centering accuracy is ≤0.1 mm. The three-jaw centering assembly includes a base 12 and a plurality of clamping claws 13 arranged around the center of the base 12, the base 12 is fixedly connected with the bed body 1 through a flange plate 14, and the flange plate 14 is designed to be detachable. The spindle of the bed body 1 is rotatably connected with the base 12 through the flange plate 14, the switching gear set adopts a double gear structure with single input and double output, the switching gear set includes two driving gears 15 and a driven gear rack 16 corresponding to the driving gears 15, the driven gear rack 16 is arranged between the base 12 and the flange plate 14, the manual fine adjustment chuck 10 is connected with the output end A of the driving gear 15, the automatic compensation positioning mechanism 11 is connected with the output end B of the driving gear 15, the compensation stroke of the automatic compensation positioning mechanism 11 is ±2 mm, the positioning accuracy is ≤0.001 mm, the output ends A and B of the driving gear 15 are provided with electromagnetic locking pins, and the center position of the base 12 and the two sides of the driven gear rack 16 are both provided with laser displacement sensors 8. The electromagnetic locking pins are embedded in the output shaft clamping groove, which is used to realize the meshing switching between the different output shafts of the driving gear 15 and the driven gear rack 16.

[0025] Specifically, the electromagnetic locking pin includes an electromagnetic yoke 17 arranged on the spindle of the driving gear 15 and a positioning pin 18 arranged on the gear disc of the driving gear 15, the top end of the positioning pin 18 is fixedly connected with the gear disc of the driving gear 15 through a spring assembly 19, the bottom end of the positioning pin 18 is provided with an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is in contact with the electromagnetic yoke 17.

[0026] After selecting the "medium precision" or "high precision" mode through the man-machine interface of the control system 3, first, send an unlocking signal to the electromagnetic locking pin, and then send a detection instruction to the laser displacement sensor 8 to confirm the current mode.

[0027] When the medium precision is switched to high precision: The control system 3 drives the electromagnetic fork 17 in the switching gear set to slide, drives the positioning pin 18 to move upward, and makes the output end B of the driving gear 15 mesh with the driven gear 16; synchronously disconnects the positioning pin 18 on the other side of the electromagnetic fork 17 from the gear disc, cuts off the manual adjustment path, and the servo motor of the automatic compensation positioning mechanism 11 enters the standby state, and the laser displacement sensor 8 starts.

[0028] When high-precision switching is medium-precision: The control system 3 drives the electromagnetic fork 17 in the switching gear set to slide reversely, the output end A of the driving gear 15 meshes with the driven gear 16; synchronously disconnects the power connection of the automatic compensation positioning mechanism 11.

[0029] After the switching action is completed, the laser displacement sensor 8 detects that the gear meshes in place. If it is a medium-precision mode, the control system 3 prompts the operator to detect the eccentricity deviation with a dial gauge, and corrects it by manually adjusting the scale disc of the fine adjustment chuck 10 (each grid corresponds to a 0.01 mm deviation); if it is a high-precision mode, the laser displacement sensor 8 automatically detects the deviation between the center of the three-jaw centering assembly and the spindle axis, and after the data is fed back to the PLC controller, the servo motor drives the driving gear 15 to move the driven gear 16 until the deviation is ≤0.005 mm.

[0030] The modular tool library 2 is located on one side of the bed body 1, and the modular tool library 2 is built-in with turning tools, milling tools and drill bits. The turning tools include rough turning tools and fine turning tools, the milling tools are keyway milling tools, and the drill bits are oil hole drill bits. The modular tool library 2 is connected with the spindle of the bed body 1 through a mechanical arm, and can automatically change tools according to processing instructions.

[0031] Embodiment two The device of embodiment one is used for a multi-process one-time clamping machining process of an eccentric shaft, which comprises the following steps: S1, blank pretreatment: selecting a round steel blank corresponding to the material, performing annealing and quenching and tempering treatment, using a sawing machine to cut the blank, rough turning the end faces of both ends and machining a center hole as a positioning reference, and obtaining a pretreated blank; S2, one-time clamping positioning: placing the pretreated blank on the switchable positioning unit, preliminarily fixing it through the three-jaw centering assembly, and then selecting a positioning mode according to the precision requirement: if the medium-precision requirement is needed, the manual fine adjustment chuck 10 is started, and the eccentric shaft design axis is aligned with the machine tool spindle axis with a deviation of ≤0.05 mm through the dial gauge calibration; if the high-precision requirement is needed, the automatic compensation positioning mechanism 11 is switched to, and the positioning error is detected and compensated in real time through the laser displacement sensor 8, so that the deviation is ≤0.005 mm; S3, multi-process processing: start the modular tool library 2, call the corresponding tool according to the processing requirements, and complete rough turning (0.3-0.5mm allowance is left for the reference shaft section and the eccentric shaft section), semi-fine turning (0.1-0.2mm allowance) and fine turning (size tolerance reaches IT5-IT10 level) in turn under the condition of one clamping; S4, precision detection and feedback: during the processing, the precision detection module collects size data (eccentric distance, journal diameter) and geometric tolerance data (coaxiality, roundness) in real time, if it is medium precision processing, a dial gauge and a caliper are used for detection; if it is high precision processing, a three-coordinate measuring unit is used for online detection, the detection data is fed back to the control system 3, and the processing parameters are adjusted in real time; S5, workpiece unloading: after the processing is completed, the workpiece is loosened by the switchable positioning unit, the workpiece is moved to the cleaning station through the unloading mechanism, and deburring and cleaning are completed.

[0032] Therefore, the eccentric shaft multi-process one-time clamping processing technology and device are adopted, two precision requirements are realized in one-time clamping, the problem of equipment specialization is solved, the equipment investment cost is reduced, the equipment utilization is improved, and the processing precision and efficiency are ensured.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not to limit it, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: the technical solutions of the present application can still be modified or replaced by equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-process, one-time clamping and machining device for eccentric shafts, characterized in that: The system includes a bed body and a switchable positioning unit, a modular tool magazine, a precision detection module, and a control system mounted on the bed body. The switchable positioning unit includes a three-jaw centering assembly, a manual fine-tuning chuck, an automatic compensation positioning mechanism, and a tailstock center. The three-jaw centering assembly is slidably connected to the top of the bed body. The manual fine-tuning chuck and the automatic compensation positioning mechanism are both connected to the three-jaw centering assembly via a switching gear set. The modular tool magazine is located on one side of the bed body. The precision detection module includes a medium-precision detection assembly and a high-precision detection assembly. The medium-precision detection assembly is located on the tailstock center, and the high-precision detection assembly is located on the top of the bed body.

2. The eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system is electrically connected to the switchable positioning unit, the modular tool magazine, the precision detection module, and the bed body.

3. The eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centers of the three-jaw centering assembly and the tailstock tip are both aligned with the main spindle axis of the bed body.

4. The eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-jaw centering assembly includes a base and several jaws arranged around the center of the base. The base is fixedly connected to the bed body via a flange. The main shaft of the bed body passes through the flange and is rotatably connected to the base. The switching gear set includes two driving gears and a driven rack corresponding to the driving gears. The driven rack is disposed between the base and the flange. The manual fine-tuning chuck is connected to the output end A of the driving gear. The automatic compensation positioning mechanism is connected to the output end B of the driving gear. Electromagnetic locking pins are provided at the output ends A and B of the driving gear.

5. The eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electromagnetic lock stop pin includes an electromagnetic fork disposed on the main shaft of the drive gear and a positioning pin disposed on the drive gear disk. The top end of the positioning pin is fixedly connected to the drive gear disk through a spring assembly, and the bottom end of the positioning pin is provided with an inclined surface, which contacts the electromagnetic fork.

6. The eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manual fine-tuning chuck uses a dial with an accuracy of 0.01mm, and the automatic compensation positioning mechanism uses a servo motor.

7. The eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modular tool magazine contains turning tools, milling cutters, and drills.

8. The eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium-precision detection component includes a dial indicator and a caliper, both of which are integrated on the tailstock tip.

9. The eccentric shaft multi-process single-clamping machining device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-precision detection component includes a laser displacement sensor and a coordinate measuring unit. The laser displacement sensor is installed on both sides of the driven rack and at the center of the base. The laser displacement sensor is slidably connected to the top of the bed body and electrically connected to the coordinate measuring unit.

10. A multi-process, one-clamping machining process for eccentric shafts, implemented using the multi-process, one-clamping machining device for eccentric shafts as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Blank pretreatment: Select round steel blanks of the corresponding material, perform annealing and tempering treatment, cut the blanks with a saw, rough turn the end faces of both ends and machine the center hole as a positioning reference to obtain the pretreated blanks. S2. Single clamping and positioning: The pre-treated blank is placed on the switchable positioning unit and initially fixed by the three-jaw centering assembly. Then, the positioning mode is selected according to the accuracy requirements: For medium accuracy requirements, the manual fine-tuning chuck is activated, and the deviation between the eccentric shaft design axis and the machine tool spindle axis is ≤0.05mm by using a dial indicator and calipers; For high accuracy requirements, the automatic compensation positioning mechanism is switched to, and the positioning error is detected and compensated in real time by a laser displacement sensor, so that the deviation is ≤0.005mm. S3, Multi-process machining: Start the modular tool magazine, call the corresponding tool according to the machining requirements, and complete roughing, semi-finishing and finishing in sequence in one clamping state; S4. Precision Inspection and Feedback: During the machining process, the precision inspection module collects dimensional data and geometric tolerance data in real time. For medium-precision machining, dial indicators and calipers are used for inspection. For high-precision machining, a coordinate measuring unit is used for online inspection, and the inspection data is fed back to the control system to adjust the machining parameters in real time. S5. Workpiece unloading: After processing is completed, the three-jaw centering assembly releases the workpiece.

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