Waste water and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power logistics truck

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste water and waste heat utilization management system for a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power logistics truck. The waste water and waste heat utilization management system comprises a motor and transmission module, a storage battery module, a heat dissipation module, a fuel cell module, a power electronic module, a sensor module, a data analysis module and a heat dissipation control module. In special extremely cold weather, waste water and waste heat are recycled and utilized to heat the battery, the battery performance is optimized, meanwhile, the battery reaction can be promoted, and the battery efficiency is improved; when a truck is in a daily driving state and is braked, waste water generated by operation of a hydrogen fuel cell is fully utilized, and after cleaning treatment, spraying cooling is carried out on areas around tires and hubs, so that driving safety is ensured, and the service life of the tires is prolonged; in addition, the system is further integrated with an intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis system based on waste heat, heat changes of key components are monitored in real time, and rapid diagnosis and processing of faults are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, more particularly, it relates to a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power logistics truck wastewater waste heat utilization management system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the adjustment of global energy structure and the improvement of environmental awareness, hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient energy form, is gradually becoming a strategic emerging industry in the field of energy in various countries. Among them, hydrogen fuel cell technology is one of the key technical routes to realize hydrogen energy utilization, which is widely used, including but not limited to automobiles, electric power and other fields. A large amount of heat will be generated during the operation of hydrogen fuel cells, which will affect the performance of fuel cells and even cause damage to fuel cells if the heat cannot be effectively dissipated. Therefore, the heat dissipation system is crucial for the normal operation of hydrogen fuel cells. The common type of fuel vehicle at present is to combine fuel cells with power batteries, which can provide power for the vehicle through series or parallel connection. This hybrid power mode can not only make full use of the clean and efficient characteristics of fuel cells, but also compensate for the shortcomings of fuel cells in performance, service life and efficiency through auxiliary power supply.

[0003] From the current situation at home and abroad, hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks are still in the stage of key technology improvement and small-scale demonstration application. Some Chinese automobile manufacturers, such as China Heavy Duty Truck Group Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Heavy Duty Truck Co., Ltd., Jiangling Heavy Duty Truck Co., Ltd. and SGMW Iveco Hongyan Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd., have launched hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. Hydrogen fuel cell trucks have some obvious advantages, such as zero emissions, wide energy sources, long driving range, high operating efficiency, etc. These advantages make hydrogen fuel cell trucks have a wide application prospect in the logistics field.

[0004] The hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power logistics truck under the prior art may encounter the following main problems: 1. In high temperature environment or long time high load operation, the temperature of the battery and fuel cell may rise to a high level; if the battery overheats, it may have an adverse effect on its performance and service life. 2. In ultra-low temperature environment, the chemical reaction rate inside the battery will slow down, resulting in a decrease in battery performance. At the same time, low temperature may cause the liquid water in the fuel cell to freeze, further affecting the performance of the battery, making it difficult to start the truck, and the reaction rate inside the battery significantly slows down at low temperature, prolonging the starting time and even possibly failing to start. 3. The truck has a long driving distance and a large weight base, and the tire will overheat after long time use. The high temperature will make the tire material soft, reducing its strength and wear resistance, thus accelerating the wear and aging of the tire, and may also cause tire blowout accidents.

[0005] Therefore, proper ventilation and heat dissipation measures are considered when designing and installing truck battery systems to ensure that the battery can operate within the normal temperature range. The waste heat generated by hydrogen fuel cells during operation is a kind of energy that is not fully utilized. By converting this waste heat into signals that can be used for fault diagnosis and early warning, more efficient use of energy can be achieved, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle. A large amount of information about the system's working state and potential problems is contained in the waste heat. By monitoring and analyzing the waste heat, the health status of the system can be understood in real time, potential problems can be found in time, and maintenance and repair can be carried out in advance, thereby enhancing the reliability and stability of the system. In extremely cold weather, the waste heat can also be fully utilized to promote the progress of the battery reaction to improve the efficiency of the battery. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the large amount of heat generated by hydrogen fuel cell hybrid batteries in the prior art, the phenomenon of uncontrolled vehicle start-up in extremely cold weather, which can cause damage to the materials and structure inside the battery, reduce its performance and service life, and a series of problems. The purpose of this application is to propose a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power logistics truck waste heat utilization management system, comprising:

[0007] A hydrogen fuel cell waste heat dissipation method is proposed, which monitors and adjusts the power of each component of the heat dissipation system in real time, and controls the overall operating temperature of the heat dissipation system. In the normal driving state of the truck and when braking, make full use of the waste water generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, and after cleaning treatment, spray the surrounding area of the tire and hub to cool down;

[0008] In the special case of extremely cold weather, the environmental waste heat of the battery compartment, hydrogen fuel cell compartment, etc. is used, and the exhaust fan takes the waste heat from the heat dissipation components and the environment into the gas guide pipe. The waste heat can be guided through the two stages of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the heat dissipation is controlled by the guide pipe to increase the diffusion rate of hydrogen and oxygen on the electrode surface, thereby promoting the progress of the reaction. This is crucial to reducing the mass transfer resistance of the proton exchange membrane and the gas diffusion layer, and helps to improve the efficiency of the battery. Finally, the tail gas pipe is guided by the pipe, and the tail gas is discharged;

[0009] Based on the intelligent early warning and fault diagnosis method of waste heat, in a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle, the battery stack and other key components will generate a certain amount of heat when working normally. The heat of these components usually fluctuates within a certain range, if the heat of a certain component abnormally increases or decreases, it may mean that the vehicle has a fault or problem, the system can grade to lock the abnormal component for manual processing. Temperature sensors, fans, cooling liquid pumps and other components are integrated, and real-time adjustment and monitoring are carried out through intelligent algorithms. A thermal flow meter is installed at the outlet of the waste heat discharge pipe and the cooling liquid radiator to directly measure the flow and temperature of the waste heat;

[0010] In addition, to address the problem of battery starting in extremely cold weather, the waste heat of wastewater can be used for heating through heat exchange with the cooling liquid, thereby improving energy efficiency and enabling normal operation.

[0011] Specific solutions are as follows:

[0012] A hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics truck wastewater heat utilization management system, characterized in that it comprises:

[0013] The motor and transmission module converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to provide power for the vehicle and transmits the power of the motor to the wheels to enable the vehicle to travel.

[0014] The battery module provides electrical energy for the motor during vehicle travel and recovers braking energy when needed, and balances power when the power generated by the fuel cell module is insufficient or excessive.

[0015] The heat dissipation module ensures that key components such as fuel cells, motors, and batteries operate within an appropriate temperature range, preventing performance degradation or damage caused by overheating.

[0016] The fuel cell module generates electrical energy through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to provide the main power source for the vehicle.

[0017] It is connected to the heat dissipation module, battery module, and motor and transmission module.

[0018] The power electronics module controls and manages the flow of electrical energy between the fuel cell, battery, and motor to ensure stable operation of the entire system.

[0019] It converts the direct current generated by the fuel cell into a form suitable for the motor and battery.

[0020] The sensor module monitors the status and performance parameters of key components in real time and transmits the monitored data to the data analysis module for processing and analysis.

[0021] The data analysis module receives data transmitted by the sensor module and performs real-time processing and analysis.

[0022] The heat dissipation control module monitors and adjusts the power of each component in the heat dissipation system in real time.

[0023] Further, the motor and transmission module includes a transmission device, a motor, a motor environment heat exhaust fan, a motor environment heat meter, a motor environment waste heat guide pipe, a water storage tank, and a truck tire; the motor output end is connected with the transmission device, the motor environment heat exhaust fan is arranged at four corners of the motor, the motor environment waste heat guide pipe is connected with the motor environment heat exhaust fan, and the motor environment heat meter is arranged at a total output port of the motor environment waste heat guide pipe.

[0024] Further, the battery module includes a power storage battery, a battery management system, a battery environment heat exhaust fan, a battery environment heat meter, a battery environment waste heat guide pipe, an air conditioning system, and a heat exchanger; the power storage battery is connected with one end of the battery management system, the battery environment heat exhaust fan is arranged at four corners of the power storage battery, the battery environment waste heat guide pipe is connected with the battery environment heat exhaust fan, the battery environment heat meter is arranged at a total output port of the battery environment waste heat guide pipe, and the heat exchanger is connected.

[0025] Further, the heat dissipation module and the heat dissipation control module are mutually assisted and coexist, the heat dissipation module includes a heat dissipation device, a heat dissipation environment heat exhaust fan, a waste water utilization device, a heat dissipation environment heat meter, a heat dissipation environment waste heat guide pipe, and a heat dissipation water pump; the heat dissipation control module includes a temperature measurement assembly, a heat dissipation assembly, a feedback assembly, and a chip assembly.

[0026] Further, the heat dissipation device includes a first water pump, a cooling liquid circulation pipeline, a main radiator, an auxiliary radiator, an expansion water tank, a deionizer, a third thermostat, and a second thermostat; the third thermostat has two inflow ends and one outflow end, the second thermostat has one inflow end and two outflow ends; the cooling liquid circulation pipeline penetrates through the inside of the battery stack, is led out from one end of the hydrogen fuel cell battery stack, and is connected with the deionizer, the auxiliary radiator, and the main radiator; the deionizer is connected with the first inflow end of the third thermostat, the auxiliary radiator and the main radiator are connected with the second inflow end of the third thermostat, the outflow end of the third thermostat is connected with the inflow end of the first water pump, the outflow end of the first water pump is connected with the inflow end of the second thermostat, the first outflow end of the second thermostat is connected with the other end of the hydrogen fuel cell battery stack; one end of the expansion water tank is connected with the main radiator, and the other end is connected with the cooling liquid circulation pipeline between the outflow end of the third thermostat and the inflow end of the first water pump.

[0027] Further, the waste water utilization assembly includes a waste water treatment device, an environment heat dissipation fan, a second water pump, a heating pipeline, and a waste water pipeline; the waste water treatment device includes a waste water recovery pipeline, a recovery device, a heat exchanger, a waste water processor, a fourth thermostat, a first thermostat, an auxiliary heat dissipation fan, and an electric heater; the heat exchanger includes a waste water channel and a cooling liquid channel.

[0028] The thermostat No. 4 has one inlet end and two outlet ends, and the thermostat No. 1 has one inlet end and two outlet ends;

[0029] Both the ambient cooling fan and the auxiliary cooling fan are equipped with atomizing spray devices.

[0030] Wastewater flowing out of the gas-water separator is connected to the wastewater recovery pipe. The recovery device is connected to the heat exchanger. The wastewater channel in the heat exchanger is connected to the wastewater processor. The wastewater processor is connected to the inlet end of water pump No. 2. The outlet end of water pump No. 2 is connected to the inlet end of thermostat No. 4. The first outlet end of thermostat No. 4 is connected to the ambient cooling fan. The second outlet end of thermostat No. 4 is connected to the auxiliary cooling fan. The coolant channel in the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet end of thermostat No. 1. The first outlet end of thermostat No. 1 is connected to the coolant circulation pipe between the main radiator and thermostat No. 3 in the heat dissipation assembly via an electric heater. The second outlet end of thermostat No. 1 is connected to the main radiator in the heat dissipation assembly.

[0031] Furthermore, the temperature measurement components of the heat dissipation control module include an infrared temperature sensor for the battery compartment located in the battery compartment environment, an internal temperature sensor for the battery located in the hydrogen fuel cell stack, a wastewater temperature sensor and a heat exchanger temperature sensor located in the wastewater utilization device, a coolant circulation temperature sensor located in the heat dissipation device, and a data conversion chip connected to the signals generated by the above temperature sensors.

[0032] The feedback component includes a power feedback device, a data analysis chip, and a fuel feedback device. The power feedback device is connected to the electrical energy output terminal of the hydrogen fuel cell and is also connected to a heat dissipation device and a data analysis chip. The fuel feedback device is connected to the air and hydrogen input terminals of the hydrogen fuel cell and a data analysis chip.

[0033] The chip assembly includes a storage chip, a data matching chip, an instruction output chip, and a data response chip. The storage chip is configured to store real-time temperature signals from each sensor, the optimal heat dissipation power corresponding to the signal emitted by the data analysis chip, the coolant flow rate, and the corresponding heat dissipation control algorithm. The storage chip is connected to the data matching chip. The data matching chip is configured to receive real-time temperature signals from each sensor and signals emitted by the data analysis chip, and to retrieve and output the heat dissipation control algorithm set in the storage chip. The instruction output chip is connected to the data matching chip and can control the environmental cooling fan, No. 2 water pump, heat exchanger, No. 4 thermostat, No. 1 thermostat, auxiliary cooling fan, electric heater, and the No. 1 water pump, main radiator, auxiliary radiator, No. 3 thermostat, No. 2 thermostat, and the fuel input at both ends of the hydrogen fuel cell, including the air compressor at the air input end and the pressure regulating valve at the hydrogen input end, in the wastewater treatment device according to a specific algorithm. The data response chip is configured to receive and respond to signals emitted by the components controlled by the instruction output chip.

[0034] The heat dissipation environment exhaust fans are located at the four corners of the heat dissipation module, the heat dissipation environment waste heat guide pipe is connected to the heat dissipation environment exhaust fans, and the heat dissipation environment calorimeter is located at the main output port of the heat dissipation environment waste heat guide pipe.

[0035] Furthermore, the fuel cell module includes a hydrogen storage device, an air supply device, an exhaust system, a hydrogen fuel cell stack, a fuel cell environmental heat dissipation fan, a fuel cell environmental calorimeter, a fuel cell environmental waste heat diversion pipe, a waste heat-promoting reaction hydrogen end control valve, and a waste heat-promoting reaction oxygen end control valve. The hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected to the heat dissipation device in the heat dissipation module. One pole of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected to the air supply device, and the other pole is connected to the hydrogen storage device. The fuel cell environmental heat dissipation fan is located at the four corners of the hydrogen fuel cell stack. The fuel cell environmental waste heat diversion pipe is connected to the fuel cell environmental heat dissipation fan. The fuel cell environmental calorimeter is located at the main output port of the fuel cell environmental waste heat diversion pipe. The fuel cell environmental waste heat diversion pipe is equipped with a waste heat-promoting reaction oxygen end control valve when passing through the air supply device and a waste heat-promoting reaction hydrogen end control valve when passing through the hydrogen storage device.

[0036] Furthermore, the power electronics module includes a DC / DC converter, a motor controller, a power electronic environmental heat dissipation fan, a power electronic environmental calorimeter, and a power electronic environmental waste heat diversion pipe; the DC / DC converter is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the motor controller, the power battery is connected in parallel between the motor controller and the DC / DC converter, and the output terminal of the motor controller is connected to the motor; the power electronic environmental heat dissipation fan is located at the four corners of the power electronics module, the power electronic environmental waste heat diversion pipe is connected to the power electronic environmental heat dissipation fan, and the power electronic environmental calorimeter is located at the main output port of the power electronic environmental waste heat diversion pipe.

[0037] Furthermore, the sensor module includes an external weather temperature sensor, a waste heat diversion pipe total flow meter, a wastewater temperature sensor, a heat exchanger temperature sensor, a radiator temperature sensor, a coolant circulation temperature sensor, a converter temperature sensor, a motor control temperature sensor, a battery compartment infrared temperature sensor, a battery internal temperature sensor, a hydrogen fuel cell compartment infrared temperature sensor, a hydrogen fuel cell internal temperature sensor, an electric motor compartment infrared temperature sensor, and an electric motor internal temperature sensor.

[0038] Furthermore, the data analysis module includes a data converter, a data collector, and a data comparator.

[0039] Data storage, timestamp, central processing unit, data module battery; the data analysis module and the...

[0040] It is connected to the battery management system in the battery module.

[0041] Furthermore, the aforementioned motor environment waste heat diversion pipe, battery environment waste heat diversion pipe, and heat dissipation ring...

[0042] The waste heat diversion pipes for the environment, fuel cell environment, and power electronics environment are interconnected.

[0043] Finally, exhaust gases are emitted into the fuel cell module.

[0044] Furthermore, a waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks is characterized by comprising:

[0045] A method for monitoring waste heat in hydrogen fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles:

[0046] Design a data acquisition system to collect data from sensor modules;

[0047] Collect enough data for testing and analyze various operating environments and special conditions;

[0048] Based on the normal operating temperature of the vehicle, the heat resistance of different components, and special conditions, set reasonable waste heat flow and temperature thresholds.

[0049] The intelligent control algorithm and data thresholds generated after analysis are stored in the data storage device;

[0050] The data comparator performs threshold correction on the collected data to determine whether changes in waste heat and abnormal flow rates are within the normal range.

[0051] The central processing unit performs fault diagnosis, analyzes the data to determine the cause, and issues a warning to the driver based on the fault diagnosis results, and issues instructions to the control components for preliminary processing.

[0052] A control method for a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system:

[0053] An effective heat dissipation system is constructed to manage the heat generated by the fuel cell. The circulating coolant in the heat dissipation system absorbs and carries away the generated heat through the internal channels of the fuel cell.

[0054] The temperature measurement component of the heat dissipation control module is used to collect real-time operating temperature data of various important locations of the hydrogen fuel cell and its heat dissipation device; the feedback component of the heat dissipation control module is used to collect data on the optimal electrical energy characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell and the optimal heat dissipation power in the heat dissipation device.

[0055] Based on the collected data, the corresponding relationships between temperature, output electrical energy, heat dissipation power, and output heat are identified.

[0056] The optimal heat dissipation control algorithm is designed based on the obtained correspondence and stored in the heat dissipation control memory chip; the optimal heat dissipation control algorithm in the heat dissipation control memory chip is used to control specific components in the heat dissipation device and wastewater utilization device through the chip components.

[0057] The storage chip is equipped with an extreme cold weather start-up algorithm; when the temperature monitored by the temperature measuring component is lower than a certain value, the extreme cold weather start-up algorithm in the heat dissipation control storage chip is used to control the electric heater and thermostat No. 1 in the wastewater utilization device, and the heat obtained by exchanging the waste heat of the wastewater with the heat of the coolant to properly handle the battery cold start problem. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall management system for the utilization of wastewater and waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics truck according to the present invention.

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cooling system for a hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.

[0060] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation control module according to the present invention.

[0061] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control quantities of a wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics truck according to the present invention.

[0062] Figure 5 This invention provides a flowchart of a wastewater and waste heat utilization management method for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks.

[0063] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a control method for a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system according to the present invention.

[0064] Reference numerals: 1. Filter; 2. Air compressor; 3. Intercooler; 4. Humidifier; 5. Hydrogen fuel cell stack; 6. Power regulator; 7. Load; 8. Pressure regulating valve; 9. Pressure reducing valve; 10. Hydrogen tank; 11. Hydrogen circulation pump; 12. Emission control valve; 13. Gas-liquid separator; 14. Back pressure valve; 15. Wastewater recovery pipeline; 16. Recovery device; 17. Heat exchanger; 171. Wastewater channel; 172. Coolant channel; 18. Wastewater processor; 19. Thermostat No. 4; 20. Thermostat No. 1; 21. Main radiator; 22. Auxiliary cooling fan; 23. Secondary radiator; 24. Expansion tank; 25. Electric heater; 26. Deionizer; 273. Thermostat No. 2; 28. Thermostat No. 2; 29. Ambient cooling fan; 30, No. 1 water pump; 31, coolant circulation pipe; 32, heating pipe; 33, No. 2 water pump; 34, wastewater pipe; 100, motor and transmission module; 101, transmission device; 102, motor; 103, motor ambient heat exhaust fan; 104, motor ambient calorimeter; 105, motor ambient waste heat diversion pipe; 106, water storage tank; 107, truck tire; 200, battery module; 201, power battery; 202, battery management system; 203, battery ambient heat exhaust fan; 204, battery ambient calorimeter; 205, battery ambient waste heat diversion pipe; 207, heat exchanger; 300, heat dissipation module; 301, heat dissipation device; 302, heat dissipation ambient heat exhaust fan; 303, wastewater... 304. Water utilization device; 305. Heat dissipation environment calorimeter; 306. Heat dissipation environment waste heat diversion pipe; 407. Cooling water pump; 408. Fuel cell module; 409. Hydrogen storage device; 400. Air supply device; 401. Exhaust gas emission; 402. Hydrogen fuel cell stack; 403. Fuel cell environment exhaust fan; 404. Fuel cell environment calorimeter; 405. Fuel cell environment waste heat diversion pipe; 406. Waste heat promoting reaction hydrogen end control valve; 407. Waste heat promoting reaction oxygen end control valve; 508. Power electronics module; 509. DC / DC converter; 500. Motor controller; 501. Power electronics environment exhaust fan; 502. Power electronics environment calorimeter; 503. Power electronics environment waste heat diversion pipe 600. Sensor Module; 601. External Weather Temperature Sensor; 602. Waste Heat Diversion Pipe Total Flow Meter; 603. Wastewater Temperature Sensor; 604. Heat Exchanger Temperature Sensor; 605. Radiator Temperature Sensor; 606. Coolant Circulation Temperature Sensor; 607. Converter Temperature Sensor; 608. Motor Control Temperature Sensor; 609. Battery Compartment Infrared Temperature Sensor; 610. Battery Internal Temperature Sensor; 611. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Compartment Infrared Temperature Sensor; 612. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Internal Temperature Sensor; 613. Electric Motor Compartment Infrared Temperature Sensor; 614. Electric Motor Internal Temperature Sensor; 700. Data Processing Module; 701. Data Converter; 702. Data Acquisition Unit;703. Data Comparator; 704. Data Memory; 705. Timestamp; 706. Central Processing Unit; 707. Data Module Battery; 800. Thermal Control Module; 801. Battery Compartment Infrared Temperature Sensor; 802. Battery Internal Temperature Sensor; 803. Wastewater Temperature Sensor; 804. Heat Exchanger Temperature Sensor; 805. Coolant Circulation Temperature Sensor; 806. Data Conversion Chip; 808. Fuel Feedback Instrument; 809. Power Feedback Instrument; 810. Data Analysis Chip; 811. Thermal Command Output Chip; 812. Thermal Data Matching Chip; 813. Thermal Control Data Response Chip; 814. Thermal Control Storage Chip; Detailed Implementation

[0065] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and figures, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0066] like Figure 1 The diagram shows an overall schematic of a wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics truck according to the present invention. Solid lines represent electrical connections, dashed lines represent heat flow connections, and dotted dashed lines represent water vapor connections. The system includes a motor and transmission module 100, a battery module 200, a heat dissipation module 300, a fuel cell module 400, a power electronics module 500, a sensor module 600, a data analysis module 700, and a heat dissipation control module 800. The fuel cell module 400 is connected to the heat dissipation module 300 and the battery module 200. The power electronics module 500 is located between the battery module 200, the fuel cell module 400, and the motor and transmission module 100, and is electrically connected to them. The heat dissipation module 300 and the heat dissipation control module 800 coexist and cooperate.

[0067] Furthermore, the motor and transmission module 100 can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to power the vehicle, and then the power of the motor is transmitted to the wheels to enable the vehicle to move.

[0068] Furthermore, the battery module 200 can provide electrical energy to the motor during vehicle operation and recover braking energy when needed; it can also balance the power when the power generated by the fuel cell module is insufficient or excessive.

[0069] like Figure 2The diagram shows an overall schematic of a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system according to the present invention. The heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack needs to be effectively dissipated to ensure the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell. For this purpose, a coolant circulation pipe 31 is provided in the system. The coolant originates from the hydrogen fuel cell stack 5, flows to the main radiator 21 driven by pump No. 1. The pump provides power to the coolant during this process. As the coolant flows through the main radiator 21, it dissipates heat through exchange with the outside air. Simultaneously, the auxiliary radiator 23, as an auxiliary heat dissipation device, also participates in the heat dissipation process when needed, further improving heat dissipation efficiency. A deionizer is installed in a branch of the coolant circulation pipe 31 to adsorb the cations and anions released by the fuel cell stack 5 and related components of the coolant circulation pipe 31, maintaining the conductivity of the coolant circulation pipe 31 at a low value. An expansion tank 24 is located in the bypass section of the coolant circulation pipe 31, and its main function is to accommodate changes in coolant volume caused by temperature variations. When the coolant temperature rises, it expands, and some coolant enters the expansion tank; when the temperature drops, the coolant contracts, and the coolant in the expansion tank flows back into the circulation loop. In this way, the expansion tank acts as a buffer and regulator, ensuring the stable operation of the cooling system. The cooled coolant continues to flow, passing through thermostats 27 (No. 3) and 28 during the circulation process. The thermostats control the flow path of the coolant, ensuring that the system provides appropriate heat dissipation under different operating conditions. It then powers the coolant flow again through pump 30 (No. 1). Next, the coolant flows through intercooler 4 via a branch, primarily cooling the air entering the fuel cell stack to ensure the air reaches a suitable temperature before entering the stack. Finally, the coolant flows back to the fuel cell stack, completing one cycle.

[0070] Figure 2The gas-water separator 13 separates water vapor from the reaction gas generated by the hydrogen fuel cell. The separated water vapor can enter the recovery device 16 through the wastewater recovery pipe 15 to be treated into water, and then flow into the heat exchanger 17. The high-temperature wastewater can exchange heat with the coolant in the coolant channel 172 through the wastewater channel 171 in the heat exchanger 17. The heat in the wastewater is transferred to the coolant through heat conduction or convection, thereby reducing the temperature of the wastewater. The cooled wastewater enters the wastewater processor 18 for further filtration and cleaning, and then flows into the water pump 2 to provide power. The flow is controlled by the thermostat 19 and supplied to the auxiliary cooling fan 22 to spray mist onto the main radiator 21 for further cooling. At the same time, it is also supplied to the ambient cooling fan 29 to cool the ambient temperature of the battery compartment. In addition, the coolant in the coolant passage 172 of the heat exchanger 17 is heated by heat exchange. In extremely cold weather, it can be controlled by thermostat 20 to flow into the coolant circulation pipe 31 to deal with the start-up problem in extremely cold weather. Furthermore, it can be heated by starting the electric heater. Under normal operation, it can be controlled by thermostat 20 to flow back to the main radiator 21 for cooling and reuse.

[0071] Furthermore, the heat dissipation module 300 ensures that key components such as the fuel cell, motor, and battery operate within a suitable temperature range, preventing performance degradation or damage caused by overheating. Wastewater generated by the fuel cell during vehicle operation enters the wastewater utilization device 303 and undergoes a series of treatments including filtration and cleaning before re-entering the heat dissipation device 301 in the coolant circulation pipeline for cooling and reuse. In cold winters, it can also flow directly to the heat exchanger 207 next to the battery to utilize waste heat for heating and optimize battery performance. Since the tire temperature can reach very high levels during normal truck driving, and even higher during braking, the treated wastewater can also directly enter the water tank 106 in the motor and transmission module 100 to spray and cool the area around the tires and wheel hubs, ensuring driving safety and extending tire life.

[0072] Furthermore, the fuel cell module 400 can generate electricity through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, providing the main power source for the vehicle. When waste heat passes through the waste heat guide pipe 407 of the fuel cell environment, in order to improve the performance of the fuel cell, the central processor 706 of the data analysis module 700 can send instructions to the waste heat promoting reaction oxygen end control valve 409 and waste heat promoting reaction hydrogen end control valve 408 to control the flow rate of waste heat into the two stages of air and hydrogen, increase the reaction temperature to promote the battery reaction, and improve battery efficiency.

[0073] Furthermore, the power electronics module 500 can control and manage the flow of electrical energy between the fuel cell, the battery, and the motor, ensuring the stable operation of the entire system and converting the direct current generated by the fuel cell into an electrical energy form suitable for the motor and the battery.

[0074] like Figure 3 The diagram shows a heat dissipation control module for a hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention. The control component includes a heat dissipation control storage chip 814, a heat dissipation data matching chip 812, a heat dissipation command output chip 811, and a heat dissipation data response chip 813. The heat dissipation control storage chip 814 is configured to store real-time temperature signals from various sensors, the optimal heat dissipation power corresponding to signals emitted by the data analysis chip, the flow rate of the coolant, and the corresponding heat dissipation control algorithm. The storage chip 814 is connected to the data matching chip 812. The data matching chip 812 is configured to receive real-time temperature signals from various sensors and signals emitted by the data analysis chip, and can retrieve and output the heat dissipation control algorithm set in the storage chip 814. The command output chip 811 is connected to the data matching chip 812, and can control the wastewater utilization component according to a specific algorithm. The heat dissipation data response chip 813 is configured to receive and respond to signals emitted by the components controlled by the heat dissipation command output chip 811.

[0075] like Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the control quantities of a wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for a hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics truck according to the present invention. The data analysis module 700 can receive data transmitted from the sensor module, perform real-time processing and analysis; based on the data analysis results, it diagnoses potential faults and problems in the vehicle. The data storage device contains diagnostic and control algorithms.

[0076] Furthermore, the motor environment waste heat guide pipe 105, the battery environment waste heat guide pipe 205, the heat dissipation environment waste heat guide pipe 305, the fuel cell environment waste heat guide pipe 407, and the power electronics environment waste heat guide pipe 505 are interconnected and finally lead to the exhaust gas emission 403 of the fuel cell module 400.

[0077] Furthermore, the sensor module 600 collects real-time component temperature and waste heat flow information and transmits it to the data converter 701 for electrical signal conversion. The electrical signal data is then transmitted to the data acquisition unit 702 for collection and processing. The processed data is then analyzed by the data comparator 703, which calls the threshold and diagnostic algorithm in the data memory 704. The analyzed data is stored in the data memory 704. The timestamp 705 can accurately record the diagnosis time or fault time. When the data transmitted by the sensors of each component to the data comparator 703 differs too much from the threshold, the central processing unit 706 performs further analysis and calls the optimal control algorithm in the data memory 704 to issue instructions to control the motor and transmission module 100, battery module 200, heat dissipation module 300, fuel cell module 400, and power electronics module 500 to achieve basic maintenance.

[0078] like Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a waste heat utilization management method for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicles according to the present invention. It includes:

[0079] Design a data acquisition system to collect data from sensor modules; store the data in an appropriate storage medium for subsequent analysis and processing.

[0080] Collect sufficient data for testing and plot charts such as temperature and flow rates to visually demonstrate the trend of waste heat changes. Analyze the waste heat data to identify potential problems or failure modes, such as abnormally high temperatures or flow fluctuations.

[0081] Based on the vehicle's normal operating temperature, the heat resistance of different components, and special conditions, reasonable waste heat flow and temperature thresholds are set; an alarm is triggered when waste heat data exceeds these thresholds. The intelligent control algorithm and data thresholds generated after analysis are stored in the data memory 704. The data comparator 703 performs threshold correction on the collected data to determine whether waste heat changes and flow abnormalities are within the normal range.

[0082] The central processing unit 706 performs fault diagnosis, analyzes data to determine the cause, and issues a warning to the driver based on the fault diagnosis results, and issues instructions to the control unit for preliminary processing.

[0083] like Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a control method for a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system according to the present invention. It includes:

[0084] An effective heat dissipation system is constructed to manage the heat generated by the fuel cell. The circulating coolant in the heat dissipation system absorbs and carries away the generated heat through the internal channels of the fuel cell.

[0085] The temperature measuring component 100 is used to collect real-time operating temperature data at various important locations of the hydrogen fuel cell and its heat dissipation component 200.

[0086] The feedback component 400 is used to collect data on the optimal electrical energy characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell and the optimal heat dissipation power in the heat dissipation component 300.

[0087] The collected data is analyzed to find the corresponding relationship between temperature, output electrical energy, heat dissipation power, and output heat.

[0088] The optimal heat dissipation control algorithm is designed based on the obtained correspondence and stored in the memory chip 814.

[0089] The optimal heat dissipation control algorithm in the memory chip 814 is used to control specific components in the heat dissipation component 300 and the wastewater utilization component 200 through the control component 500.

[0090] By combining heat dissipation control methods with fuel control strategies, when the voltage is too high in an unstable battery state, the voltage can be reduced by adjusting the fuel supply. At the same time, the power of the heat dissipation system can be increased to reduce the temperature. Voltage control and heat dissipation control work together to improve the performance and stability of the fuel cell.

[0091] The storage chip 814 is equipped with an extreme cold weather activation algorithm; when the temperature monitored by the temperature measuring component 100 is lower than a specific value, the extreme cold weather activation algorithm in the storage chip 814 is used to control the electric heater 25 and thermostat 20 in the wastewater utilization group 200, so as to make reasonable use of the heat obtained from the heat exchange between the wastewater and the cooling liquid.

[0092] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks, characterized in that, include: The motor and transmission module (100) converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to power the car and transmits the power of the motor to the wheels so that the car can move. The battery module (200) provides electrical energy to the motor during vehicle operation and recovers braking energy when needed; it also plays a role in balancing the power when the power generated by the fuel cell module is insufficient or excessive. The heat dissipation module (300) ensures that key components such as fuel cells, motors, and batteries operate within a suitable temperature range, preventing performance degradation or damage caused by overheating; The fuel cell module (400) generates electrical energy through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, providing the main power source for the vehicle; it is connected to the heat dissipation module (300), the battery module (200), and the phase. The power electronics module (500) controls and manages the flow of electrical energy between the fuel cell, the battery, and the motor, ensuring the stable operation of the entire system; it converts the direct current generated by the fuel cell into electrical energy suitable for the motor and the battery. It is located in the middle of the battery module (200), fuel cell module (400) and motor and transmission module (100) and is electrically connected to them; The sensor module (600) monitors the status and performance parameters of key components in real time; it transmits the monitored data to the data analysis module for processing and analysis. The data analysis module (700) receives data transmitted from the sensor module and performs real-time processing and analysis. Based on the data analysis results, it diagnoses potential faults and problems in the vehicle. The heat dissipation control module (800) monitors and adjusts the power of each component of the heat dissipation system in real time. By controlling the overall operating data of the heat dissipation system, it designs the optimal control algorithm to perform intelligent heat dissipation adjustment.

2. The wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor and transmission module (100) includes a transmission device (101), a motor (102), a motor environment heat exhaust fan (103), a motor environment calorimeter (104), a motor environment waste heat guide pipe (105), and a water storage tank (106); The output end of the motor (102) is connected to the transmission device (101). The motor environment heat exhaust fan (103) is located at the four corners of the motor (102). The motor environment waste heat guide pipe (105) is connected to the motor environment heat exhaust fan (103). The motor environment calorimeter (104) is located at the main output port of the motor environment waste heat guide pipe (105).

3. The wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module (200) includes a power battery (201), a battery management system (202), a battery environmental heat dissipation fan (203), a battery environmental calorimeter (204), a battery environmental waste heat diversion pipe (205), an air conditioning system (206), and a heat exchanger (207). The power battery (201) is connected to one end of the battery management system (202). The battery environment heat dissipation fan (203) is located at the four corners of the power battery (201). The battery environment waste heat guide pipe (205) is connected to the battery environment heat dissipation fan (203). The battery environment calorimeter (204) is located at the main output port of the battery environment waste heat guide pipe (205).

4. The wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation module (300) and the heat dissipation control module (800) coexist and cooperate with each other. The heat dissipation module (300) includes a heat dissipation device (301), a heat dissipation environment exhaust fan (302), a wastewater utilization device (303), a heat dissipation environment calorimeter (304), a heat dissipation environment waste heat guide pipe (305), and a heat dissipation water pump (306). The heat dissipation control module (800) includes a temperature measuring component, a heat dissipation device (301), a feedback component, and a chip component. The heat dissipation device (301) includes a main radiator (21), an auxiliary radiator (23), an expansion tank (24), a deionizer (26), a thermostat No. 3 (27), a thermostat No. 2 (28), a water pump No. 1 (30), and a coolant circulation pipe (31). The thermostat No. 3 (27) has two inlet ends and one outlet end, and the thermostat No. 2 (28) has one inlet end and two outlet ends; the coolant circulation pipe (31) runs through the inside of the battery stack; The wastewater utilization device (303) includes an ambient cooling fan (29), a No. 2 water pump (33), a heating pipe (32), and a wastewater pipe (34); wherein the wastewater treatment device (201) includes a wastewater recovery pipe (15), a recovery device (16), a heat exchanger (17), a wastewater processor (18), a No. 4 thermostat (19), a No. 1 thermostat (20), an auxiliary cooling fan (22), and an electric heater (25); the wastewater utilization device (303) is connected to the water storage tank (106) in the motor and transmission module (100); The temperature measurement components of the heat dissipation control module (800) include a battery compartment infrared temperature sensor (801) installed in the battery compartment environment, a battery internal temperature sensor (802) installed in the hydrogen fuel cell stack, a wastewater temperature sensor (803) and a heat exchanger temperature sensor (804) installed in the wastewater utilization device (303), a coolant circulation temperature sensor (805) installed in the heat dissipation device (301)(300), and a data conversion chip (806) connected to the signals generated by the above temperature sensors; The feedback component includes a power feedback device (809), a data analysis chip (810), and a fuel feedback device (808). The power feedback device (809) is connected to the electrical energy output terminal of the hydrogen fuel cell and is also connected to a heat dissipation device (301). The power feedback device (809) is connected to the data analysis chip (810). The fuel feedback device (808) is connected to the air and hydrogen input terminals of the hydrogen fuel cell and is connected to the data analysis chip (810). The chip assembly includes a memory chip (814), a data matching chip (812), an instruction output chip (811), and a data response chip (813). The memory chip (814) is configured to store real-time temperature signals from each sensor, the optimal heat dissipation power corresponding to the signal emitted by the data analysis chip, the flow rate of the coolant, and the corresponding heat dissipation control algorithm. The memory chip (814) is connected to the data matching chip (812). The data matching chip (812) is configured to receive real-time temperature signals emitted by each sensor and signals emitted by the data analysis chip, and to retrieve and output the heat dissipation control algorithm set in the memory chip (814). The instruction output chip (811) and the data matching chip (812) are connected to each other. Connected to each other, the instruction output chip (811) can control the environmental cooling fan (29), water pump 2 (33), heat exchanger (17), thermostat 4 (19), thermostat 1 (20), auxiliary cooling fan (22), electric heater (25) in the wastewater utilization component (200) and the water pump 1 (30), main radiator (21), auxiliary radiator (23), thermostat 3 (27), thermostat 2 (28) in the heat dissipation device (301) and the fuel input at both ends of the hydrogen fuel cell, including the air compressor (2) at the air input end and the pressure regulating valve (8) at the hydrogen input end; the data response chip (813) is set to receive and respond to the signals sent by the components controlled by the instruction output chip (811); The heat dissipation environment exhaust fan (302) is located at the four corners of the heat dissipation module (300), the heat dissipation environment waste heat guide pipe (305) is connected to the heat dissipation environment exhaust fan (302), and the heat dissipation environment calorimeter (304) is located at the main output port of the heat dissipation environment waste heat guide pipe (305).

5. The wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel cell module (400) includes a hydrogen storage device (401), an air supply device (402), an exhaust gas outlet (403), a hydrogen fuel cell stack (404), a fuel cell environmental heat dissipation fan (405), a fuel cell environmental calorimeter (406), a fuel cell environmental waste heat diversion pipe (407), a waste heat-promoting reaction hydrogen end control valve (408), and a waste heat-promoting reaction oxygen end control valve (409). The waste heat-promoting reaction hydrogen end control valve (408) and waste heat-promoting reaction oxygen end control valve (409) are activated under extremely cold environmental conditions; The hydrogen fuel cell stack (404) is connected to the heat dissipation device (301) in the heat dissipation module (300). One pole of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (404) is connected to the air supply device (402), and the other pole is connected to the hydrogen storage device (401). The fuel cell environment exhaust fan (405) is located at the four corners of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (404). The fuel cell environment waste heat guide pipe (407) is connected to the fuel cell environment exhaust fan (405). The fuel cell environment calorimeter (406) is located at the main output port of the fuel cell environment waste heat guide pipe (407). When the fuel cell environment waste heat guide pipe (407) passes through the air supply device (402), it is equipped with a waste heat promoting reaction oxygen end control valve (409). When it passes through the hydrogen storage device (401), it is equipped with a waste heat promoting reaction hydrogen end control valve (408).

6. The wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power electronic module (500) includes a DC / DC converter (501), a motor controller (502), a power electronic environmental heat exhaust fan (503), a power electronic environmental calorimeter (504), and a power electronic environmental waste heat diversion pipe (505); The DC / DC converter (501) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack (404) and the motor controller (502). The power battery (201) is connected in parallel between the motor controller (502) and the DC / DC converter (501). The output terminal of the motor controller (502) is connected to the motor (102). The power electronic environmental heat dissipation fan (503) is located at the four corners of the power electronic module (500). The power electronic environmental waste heat guide pipe (505) is connected to the power electronic environmental heat dissipation fan (503). The power electronic environmental calorimeter (504) is located at the main output port of the power electronic environmental waste heat guide pipe (505).

7. The wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor module (600) includes an external weather temperature sensor (601), a waste heat diversion pipe total flow meter (602), a wastewater temperature sensor (603), a heat exchanger temperature sensor (604), a radiator temperature sensor (605), a coolant circulation temperature sensor (606), a converter temperature sensor (607), a motor control temperature sensor (608), a battery compartment infrared temperature sensor (609), a battery internal temperature sensor (610), a hydrogen fuel cell compartment infrared temperature sensor (611), a hydrogen fuel cell internal temperature sensor (612), an electric motor compartment infrared temperature sensor (613), and an electric motor internal temperature sensor (614). The external weather temperature sensor (601) is located on the exterior of the vehicle to directly measure the external ambient temperature; the waste heat diversion pipe total flow meter (602) is located at the exhaust gas emission (403) input end to directly measure the waste heat flow of the vehicle; the wastewater temperature sensor (603) is located at the wastewater utilization device input end to directly measure the temperature of the wastewater after the reaction; the heat exchanger temperature sensor (604) is located on the inner wall of the wastewater utilization pipe to directly measure the real-time temperature of the wastewater and coolant during heat exchange; the radiator temperature sensor (605) is located on the inner wall of the heat dissipation device (301) to directly measure the coolant heat dissipation temperature; the coolant circulation temperature sensor (606) is located on the inner wall of the output and input ends of the coolant circulation pipe entering the hydrogen fuel cell stack (404) to directly measure the temperature of the coolant before and after heat dissipation of the stack; the converter temperature sensor (607) is located at the DC / DC converter input end. Inside the converter (501); the motor control temperature sensor (608) is located inside the motor controller; the battery compartment infrared temperature sensor (609) is located on the inner wall of the battery module (200) to indirectly measure the battery temperature; the battery internal temperature sensor (610) is located inside the power battery (201) to directly measure the battery temperature; the hydrogen fuel cell compartment infrared temperature sensor (611) is located on the inner wall (400) of the fuel cell module to indirectly measure the fuel cell temperature; the hydrogen fuel cell internal temperature sensor (612) is located inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack (404) to directly measure the fuel cell temperature; the motor compartment infrared temperature sensor (613) is located on the motor and transmission module (100) to indirectly measure the motor (102) temperature; the motor internal temperature sensor (614) is located inside the motor (102) to directly measure the motor temperature.

8. The wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data analysis module (700) includes a data converter (701), a data collector (702), a data comparator (703), a data storage device (704), a timestamp (705), a central processing unit (706), and a data module battery (707); The data analysis module (700) is connected to the battery management system (202) in the battery module (200).

9. The wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat conduction pipes (105), (205), (305), (407), and (505) of the electric motor environment are interconnected and finally lead to the exhaust gas emission (403) of the fuel cell module (400).

10. A wastewater and waste heat utilization management system for hydrogen fuel cell hybrid logistics trucks, characterized in that, include: A method for monitoring waste heat in hydrogen fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: Design a data acquisition system to collect data from sensor module (600); Collect enough data for testing and analyze various operating environments and special conditions; Based on the normal operating temperature of the vehicle, the heat resistance of different components, and special conditions, set reasonable waste heat flow and temperature thresholds. The intelligent control algorithm and data threshold generated after analysis are stored in the data storage (704); The data comparator (703) performs threshold correction on the collected data to determine whether the changes in waste heat and abnormal flow rate are within the normal range; The central processing unit (706) performs fault diagnosis, analyzes the data to determine the cause, and issues a warning to the driver based on the fault diagnosis results, and issues instructions to the control unit for preliminary processing. A control method for a hydrogen fuel cell heat dissipation system: An effective heat dissipation system is constructed to manage the heat generated by the fuel cell. The circulating coolant in the heat dissipation system absorbs and carries away the generated heat through the internal channels of the fuel cell. The temperature measurement component of the heat dissipation control module (800) is used to collect real-time operating temperature data of various important locations of the hydrogen fuel cell and its heat dissipation device (301); The feedback component of the heat dissipation control module (800) is used to collect data on the optimal electrical energy characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell and the optimal heat dissipation power in the heat dissipation device (301); Based on the collected data, the corresponding relationships between temperature, output electrical energy, heat dissipation power, and output heat are identified. The optimal heat dissipation control algorithm is designed based on the obtained correspondence and stored in the heat dissipation control memory chip (814); the optimal heat dissipation control algorithm in the heat dissipation control memory chip (814) is used to control the heat dissipation device (301) and specific components in the wastewater utilization device through the chip assembly; The storage chip (814) is equipped with an extreme cold weather start-up algorithm; when the temperature monitored by the temperature measuring component is less than a specific value, the extreme cold weather start-up algorithm in the heat dissipation control storage chip (814) is used to control the electric heater (25) and thermostat No. 1 (20) in the wastewater utilization device, and the heat obtained by exchanging the waste heat of the wastewater with the heat of the coolant to properly handle the battery cold start problem.

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