Composition containing NFC lemon juice and capable of synergistically promoting absorption and promoting growth of calcium, iron and zinc-multivitamins

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of food, and discloses a calcium-iron-zinc-compound vitamin synergistic absorption-promoting growth-promoting composition containing NFC lemon juice, which is prepared by compounding specific organic minerals, namely L-calcium lactate, zinc lactate, ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and a plurality of B vitamins) by taking the NFC lemon juice as a basic functional carrier, so that the calcium-iron-zinc-compound vitamin synergistic absorption-promoting growth-promoting composition containing the NFC lemon juice can be prepared into the calcium-iron-zinc-compound vitamin synergistic absorption-promoting growth-promoting composition containing the NFC lemon juice. And a synergistic absorption nutrition system is constructed. Through formula optimization and process innovation, the chelation rate of minerals is effectively increased, the product precipitation risk is reduced to guarantee the stability, the synergistic absorption promotion effect of the minerals and vitamins is achieved, growth and development are assisted, and industrial production requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of food technology, specifically relating to a composition containing NFC lemon juice and calcium, iron, zinc, and a complex vitamin that synergistically promotes absorption and aids growth. Background Technology

[0002] Calcium, iron, and zinc, as essential macro- and micro-minerals for the human body, are core nutrients supporting life activities and growth and development, and their physiological functions are irreplaceable: Calcium is a key component of bone and teeth mineralization, directly affecting bone density and bone development quality, while also participating in nerve signal transmission and muscle contraction; Iron is an important component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and various enzymes, responsible for oxygen transport and energy metabolism, and its deficiency easily leads to iron-deficiency anemia, which in turn affects cognitive development and immunity; Zinc, as the active center of more than 300 enzymes, regulates protein synthesis, immune cell proliferation, and wound healing, and is crucial for the growth rate and disease resistance of children and adolescents. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of vitamins and minerals has become a key scientific consensus for enhancing nutritional efficacy: Vitamin C can convert poorly absorbed ferric iron (Fe3+) into easily absorbed ferrous iron (Fe2+) through reduction, significantly improving iron bioavailability; B vitamins, as coenzymes, participate in the metabolic activation of minerals.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN119033045A discloses a calcium, iron, and zinc oral liquid and its preparation method, comprising: soluble calcium, soluble iron, soluble zinc, stabilizer, natural sweetener, natural flavoring agent, emulsifier, chelating agent, inulin, and purified water. The bioavailability and absorption rate of calcium, iron, and zinc are improved by selecting a chelating agent. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN108925994A discloses an iron-zinc-calcium compound vitamin oral liquid, comprising: zinc inulin, ginseng extract, iron supplement, calcium oligosaccharide, taurine, Ganoderma lucidum extract, jujube seed extract, natural flavoring agent, sucrose invert sugar, and water.

[0004] However, existing calcium, iron, and zinc compound nutritional preparations (including beverage products) still face multiple bottlenecks in their implementation, severely restricting the realization of their nutritional efficacy and the improvement of product quality. These bottlenecks are specifically manifested in the following aspects: (1) Low mineral absorption efficiency: Most existing products use inorganic minerals (such as calcium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, and zinc chloride) as raw materials. These minerals not only have low bioavailability, but may also irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing discomfort such as bloating and diarrhea. At the same time, inorganic minerals are easy to combine with anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid and oxalic acid in food, further reducing absorption efficiency and making it difficult to meet the nutritional needs of the target population (especially children and adolescents).

[0005] (2) Poor system stability and easy precipitation: When multiple minerals are mixed, different ions are prone to interaction, which leads to the product layering and precipitation. This not only affects the uniformity of appearance and consumer acceptance, but also causes uneven distribution of nutrients, making it impossible to guarantee the stable nutritional dosage of each sip of beverage. Some products add a large amount of food additives (such as stabilizers and emulsifiers) to improve stability. Although this can temporarily alleviate the precipitation problem, it increases health risks and does not meet the consumption demand for natural and healthy products.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a composition that achieves "high mineral chelation rate and high system stability" through formula optimization and process innovation to synergistically promote absorption and growth, so as to meet the needs of industrial production and consumers' demand for natural and efficient nutritional beverages. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the technical bottlenecks in existing calcium, iron, and zinc compound preparations, such as the easy precipitation of minerals, this invention provides a calcium, iron, and zinc-complex vitamin composition containing NFC lemon juice that synergistically promotes absorption and growth. Through formula optimization and process innovation, it achieves a high chelation rate of minerals and synergistic effects of nutrients, while ensuring product appearance uniformity and suitability for industrial production.

[0008] This invention uses NFC lemon juice as the basic functional carrier, combined with organic minerals and water-soluble vitamins to form a precisely proportioned nutritional system. The specific formula is as follows: Basic functional carrier: NFC lemon juice, as a natural medium for mineral chelation, contains pectin microparticles that can form a stable bond with calcium.

[0009] Organic minerals: We select organic minerals with high bioavailability, including L-calcium lactate (calcium source), zinc lactate (zinc source), and sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (iron source), avoiding the problems of traditional inorganic minerals such as easy precipitation and gastrointestinal irritation.

[0010] Water-soluble vitamins: including vitamin C (promotes iron reduction and absorption) and B vitamins (vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacinamide, vitamin B12, which participate in mineral metabolism activation), and water-soluble vitamin D3 powder (purchased from Jiaxing Fuweikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), to build a "mineral-vitamin" synergistic absorption system.

[0011] This invention solves the problems of insufficient mineral chelation, easy vitamin inactivation, and system instability through a multi-step, precisely controlled preparation process. The specific process steps are as follows: NFC lemon juice pretreatment: Preserves active ingredients and ensures a sterile environment Low-temperature centrifugation for impurity removal: Centrifuge at 8000-12000 r / min for 5-10 min at 15-25℃ to remove coarse fibers while retaining natural pectin microparticles.

[0012] Pulsed electric field sterilization: Sterilization is carried out using a 30kV / cm, 200μs pulsed electric field, which avoids vitamin destruction and flavor deterioration caused by traditional heat sterilization and ensures the sterility of the system.

[0013] Mineral stepwise chelation process Overcoming the drawbacks of traditional "simultaneous addition and constant temperature stirring," a chelation process with step-by-step temperature control and speed-controlled stirring in the "low temperature-medium temperature-low temperature" stages is designed: Calcium chelation stage: L-calcium lactate was added to lemon juice at an ultra-low temperature of 0-4℃ and sheared and stirred at 5000-8000 r / min for 25-45 min to promote the stable binding of calcium and pectin and reduce the free calcium content. To study the effect of ultra-low temperature + high-speed shearing, the inventors conducted a series of experiments. At 0-4℃, shearing and stirring at 2000 r / min for 35 min resulted in a calcium chelation rate of about 71%. At 15℃, shearing and stirring at 800 r / min for 35 min resulted in a calcium chelation rate of about 73%. At 15℃, shearing and stirring at 2000 r / min for 35 min resulted in a calcium chelation rate of about 75%.

[0014] Zinc chelation stage: Heat the system to 7-12℃ at a slow rate of ≤0.5℃ / min, add zinc lactate at 5-15min intervals, and stir at a medium speed of 600-1000r / min for 20-30min.

[0015] Iron chelation stage: Cool the system to 3-6℃, add sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and stir at a low speed of 500-700r / min for 30-40min.

[0016] First, take a portion of the pretreated lemon juice, control the temperature at 15-25℃, add B vitamins, stir at 400-600r / min for 8-12min, add water-soluble vitamin D3 powder, continue stirring for 3-5min, add vitamin C and stir evenly, then slowly inject into the mineral chelation system, and finally add vitamin C to reduce vitamin C inactivation.

[0017] System homogenization and degassing: ensuring uniformity and reducing oxidation risk Deep vacuum degassing: Degas for 10-20 minutes at 10-15℃ and -0.1MPa vacuum.

[0018] Two-stage high-pressure homogenization: First, the system is crushed by initial pressure of 20MPa, and then further refined by final pressure of 50MPa, while eliminating air bubbles to ensure that the product has a uniform appearance and no sediment.

[0019] Aseptic filling and packaging: extending shelf life and preserving nutritional activity The product employs a sterile filling process of "nitrogen replacement + secondary nitrogen replenishment" and is sealed with double-layer light-proof packaging containers to prevent damage to vitamins and minerals from light and oxygen, thereby extending the product's shelf life while preserving the activity of nutrients.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the technical advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) The mineral chelation rate is significantly improved, resulting in higher absorption efficiency. This invention utilizes a stepwise chelation process, achieving chelation rates of over 85% for calcium, iron, and zinc, significantly higher than the control group. Chelated minerals are less affected by gastrointestinal pH and avoid binding with anti-nutritional factors in food, resulting in a substantial increase in bioavailability. The stepwise chelation technology of this invention essentially employs "precise temperature control, dynamic speed adjustment, and scientific sequencing" to allow calcium, iron, and zinc to form stable, highly absorbable chelates within the complex lemon juice system, while simultaneously preventing ion repulsion and system precipitation.

[0021] (2) The product has excellent stability and no risk of sedimentation. Examples 1-3 have low precipitation rates and low pectin-bound calcium content, which fundamentally solves the problems of poor appearance and uneven nutrient distribution caused by mineral precipitation in traditional compound preparations, thus meeting the needs of industrial production and consumer acceptance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 Chelation rates of calcium, iron, and zinc. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives and technical solutions of this invention clearer, the following embodiments are provided for further explanation. However, the scope of protection of this invention is not limited to these embodiments; the embodiments are merely for illustrative purposes. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the concept of this invention are included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] Example 1 formula: Preparation process: (1) NFC lemon juice pretreatment upgrade The process employs a low-temperature multi-stage filtration technique: 20℃ constant temperature centrifugation (10000r / min, 8min) removes coarse fibers while retaining natural pectin microparticles; pulsed electric field sterilization (30kV / cm, 200μs).

[0025] (2) Mineral stepwise chelation process (1) First stage (calcium chelation): Add NFC lemon juice to a sterile mixing tank and maintain an ultra-low temperature environment of 2°C (tank wall jacket circulating refrigerant control). After adding L-calcium lactate, shear and stir at 6500r / min for 35min.

[0026] (2) Second stage (zinc chelation): After calcium chelation is completed, the system temperature is slowly raised to 10℃ (heating rate ≤ 0.5℃ / min), zinc lactate is added at 10min intervals, and the mixture is stirred at 800r / min for 25min.

[0027] (3) Third stage (iron chelation): After zinc chelation is completed, the system temperature is lowered to 4°C, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron sodium is added, stirred at 600r / min for 35min, and then slowly heated to 8°C for storage.

[0028] (3) Addition of vitamins a. Pretreatment: Take 80ml of NFC lemon juice, control the temperature at 20℃ (constant temperature water bath heating), add B vitamins (B2, B6, nicotinamide), stir at 500r / min for 10min, add water-soluble vitamin D3 powder, and continue stirring for 4min.

[0029] b. Mixing: Add vitamin C, stir for 10 minutes, and then slowly inject into the mineral chelation system.

[0030] (4) Optimization of system homogenization and degassing a. Deep vacuum degassing: Degassing at -0.1MPa vacuum and 12℃ for 15 minutes reduces the oxygen content of the system to below 0.3mg / L, thus reducing oxidation loss.

[0031] b. Two-stage high-pressure homogenization: initial pressure of 20MPa breaks up agglomerated particles, and final pressure of 50MPa defoaming.

[0032] (5) Aseptic filling and packaging Nitrogen purging, filling, secondary nitrogen replenishment, and sealing.

[0033] Example 2 formula: Preparation process: (1) NFC lemon juice pretreatment upgrade The process employs a low-temperature multi-stage filtration technique: centrifugation at 15℃ (8000r / min, 5min) removes coarse fibers while retaining natural pectin microparticles; and sterilization is performed using a pulsed electric field (30kV / cm, 200μs).

[0034] (2) Mineral stepwise chelation process (1) First stage (calcium chelation): Add NFC lemon juice to a sterile mixing tank and maintain an ultra-low temperature environment of 0℃ (tank wall jacket circulating refrigerant control). After adding L-calcium lactate, shear and stir at 5000r / min for 25min.

[0035] (2) Second stage (zinc chelation): After calcium chelation is completed, the system temperature is slowly raised to 7℃ (heating rate ≤ 0.5℃ / min), zinc lactate is added at 5min intervals, and the mixture is stirred at 600r / min for 20min.

[0036] (3) Third stage (iron chelation): After zinc chelation is completed, the system temperature is lowered to 3°C, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron sodium is added, stirred at 500r / min for 30min, and then slowly heated to 8°C for storage.

[0037] (3) Vitamin addition a. Pretreatment: Take 80ml of NFC lemon juice, control the temperature at 15℃ (constant temperature water bath heating), add B vitamins (B2, B6, nicotinamide), stir at 400r / min for 8min, add water-soluble vitamin D3 powder, and continue stirring for 3min.

[0038] b. Mixing: Add vitamin C, stir for 10 minutes, and then slowly inject into the mineral chelation system.

[0039] (4) Optimization of system homogenization and degassing a. Deep vacuum degassing: Degassing at -0.1MPa vacuum and 10℃ for 10 minutes reduces the oxygen content of the system to below 0.3mg / L.

[0040] b. Secondary high-pressure homogenization: 20MPa initial pressure to break up agglomerated particles, 50MPa final pressure treatment to defoam.

[0041] (5) Aseptic filling and packaging Nitrogen purging, filling, secondary nitrogen replenishment, and sealing.

[0042] Example 3 formula: Preparation process: (1) NFC lemon juice pretreatment upgrade The process employs a low-temperature multi-stage filtration process: 25℃ constant temperature centrifugation (12000r / min, 10min) removes coarse fibers while retaining natural pectin microparticles; pulsed electric field sterilization (30kV / cm, 200μs).

[0043] (2) Mineral stepwise chelation process (1) First stage (calcium chelation): Add NFC lemon juice to a sterile mixing tank and maintain an ultra-low temperature environment of 4°C (tank wall jacket circulating refrigerant control). After adding L-calcium lactate, shear and stir at 8000r / min for 45min.

[0044] (2) Second stage (zinc chelation): After calcium chelation is completed, the system temperature is slowly raised to 12℃ (heating rate ≤ 0.5℃ / min), zinc lactate is added at 15min intervals, and the mixture is stirred at 1000r / min for 30min.

[0045] (3) Third stage (iron chelation): After zinc chelation is completed, the system temperature is lowered to 6°C, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron sodium is added, stirred at 700r / min for 40min, and then slowly heated to 8°C for storage.

[0046] (3) Vitamin addition a. Pretreatment: Take 80ml of NFC lemon juice, control the temperature at 25℃ (constant temperature water bath heating), add B vitamins (B2, B6, nicotinamide), stir at 600r / min for 12min, add water-soluble vitamin D3 powder, and continue stirring for 5min.

[0047] b. Mixing: Add vitamin C, stir for 10 minutes, and then slowly inject into the mineral chelation system.

[0048] (4) Optimization of system homogenization and degassing a. Deep vacuum degassing: Degassing at -0.1MPa vacuum and 15℃ for 20 minutes reduces the oxygen content of the system to below 0.3mg / L.

[0049] b. Secondary high-pressure homogenization: 20MPa initial pressure to break up agglomerated particles, 50MPa final pressure treatment to defoam.

[0050] (5) Aseptic filling and packaging Nitrogen purging, filling, secondary nitrogen replenishment, and sealing.

[0051] Control group setup Table 1 Control group design Determination of mineral chelation rate (calcium / iron / zinc) The mineral chelation rate was determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry.

[0052] Sedimentation rate determination Pectin was precipitated using ethanol (80% by volume), removed by filtration, and the unchelated minerals in the system were separated by centrifugation. After drying to constant weight, the percentage of the precipitate mass to the total mineral mass in the sample was calculated, which directly reflects the optimization effect of the process on mineral solubility.

[0053] Determination of pectin-bound calcium content The process of "ethanol precipitation of pectin → washing to remove free calcium → digestion of pectin to release bound calcium → atomic absorption quantification" was used to separate and determine calcium bound to pectin, and to quantify the effect of different chelation sequences on calcium-pectin binding.

[0054] Table 2 Mineral chelation rate The mineral chelation rate directly determines the "content of bioavailable active minerals" in the composition. Chelated minerals (such as calcium-citric acid chelates and EDTA-iron chelates) are less affected by the gastrointestinal environment and have a higher absorption rate than free minerals. Table 2 provides a quantitative basis for whether the process can "enhance nutritional efficacy" by accurately measuring the chelation rates of calcium, iron, and zinc. Experimental data show that the calcium, iron, and zinc chelation rates in Examples 1-3 are significantly higher than those in all control groups, proving that the stepwise chelation process of the present invention, characterized by "low temperature-medium temperature-low temperature," can accurately match the chelation characteristics of the three minerals.

[0055] Table 3. Sedimentation rate and pectin-bound calcium content If precipitation occurs in the composite product, it not only affects the appearance (leading to decreased consumer acceptance) but also results in uneven mineral distribution. Pectin-bound calcium is the main source of precipitation in the NFC lemon juice system (free calcium readily binds to pectin carboxyl groups to form insoluble complexes). Table 3 provides quantitative evidence of whether the process can "ensure product stability and meet the needs of industrial production" by measuring the precipitation rate and pectin-bound calcium content. Experimental results show that the precipitation rate in Examples 1-3 is less than 6.0%, and the pectin-bound calcium content is less than 6.4 mg / 1000 mL, far lower than the control group. This proves that the "stepwise chelation process" improves the mineral chelation rate, reduces the non-specific binding of free minerals to pectin and iron oxidation precipitation, thus ensuring system stability from the root.

[0056] Changes in the molecular weight of pectin The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of pectin was determined using size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering.

[0057] Experimental setup: Five shearing conditions were set up (control group + 4 experimental groups), with each group repeated in triplicate. Control group (CK): No shearing treatment, only stirring and mixing (200 r / min, 25 min).

[0058] Experimental group 1 (E1): 5000 r / min, 25 min.

[0059] Experimental group 2 (E2): 6500 r / min, 35 min.

[0060] Experimental group 3 (E3): 8000 r / min, 45 min.

[0061] Experimental group 4 (E4): 10000 r / min, 45 min.

[0062] Initial baseline: The initial Mw of pectin in NFC lemon juice is 238 ± 7 kDa.

[0063] Table 4 Experimental data on changes in pectin molecular weight Table 4 shows that as the shear rate increases and the time increases, the pectin Mw decreases, but the degradation range is controllable within the parameter range of 5000-8000 r / min (E1-E3), and there is no excessive degradation, and the core structure of the long pectin chain is still retained.

Claims

1. A composition containing NFC lemon juice and calcium, iron, zinc, and a complex vitamin that synergistically promotes absorption and aids growth, characterized in that, The composition is formulated as follows: NFC lemon juice, L-calcium lactate, zinc lactate, sodium iron EDTA, vitamin C, water-soluble vitamin D3 powder, and B vitamins; The preparation process of the calcium, iron, zinc and complex vitamin composition containing NFC lemon juice that synergistically promotes absorption and aids growth is as follows: (1) Pretreatment of NFC lemon juice: constant temperature centrifugation and sterilization; (2) Mineral stepwise chelation: ① Add L-calcium lactate to the pretreated lemon juice at 0-4℃ and stir; ② Increase the temperature to 7-12℃ at a rate of ≤0.5℃ / min, and add zinc lactate at 5-15min intervals and stir; ③ Cool down to 3-6℃ and add sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and stir. (3) Vitamin addition: Add B vitamins, water-soluble vitamin D3 powder and vitamin C to the pretreated lemon juice at 15-25℃ and stir. After stirring, inject into the mineral chelation system. (4) System processing: vacuum degassing and high-pressure homogenization; (5) Packaging.

2. The composition for promoting absorption and growth of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 1, characterized in that, The B vitamins mentioned are vitamin B2 and vitamin B1. 6、 Nicotinamide, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B 12 One or more of them.

3. The composition for promoting absorption and growth of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition is formulated as follows: 1000ml NFC lemon juice, 100-350mg L-calcium lactate, 15-65mg zinc lactate, 20-80mg ferric sodium EDTA, 80-120mg vitamin C, 0.5-1.5mg vitamin B2, 0.1-0.25mg vitamin B6, 1-2mg nicotinamide, 0.1-0.3mg vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. 12 0.2-0.5μg, water-soluble vitamin D3 powder 20-100μg.

4. The composition for promoting absorption and growth of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition is formulated as follows: 1000ml NFC lemon juice, 250mg L-calcium lactate, 35mg zinc lactate, 60mg ferric sodium EDTA, 100mg vitamin C, 1.2mg vitamin B2, 0.15mg vitamin B6, 1.5mg nicotinamide, 0.2mg vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. 12 0.3μg, water-soluble vitamin D3 powder 60μg.

5. The composition for promoting absorption and growth of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation process includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of NFC lemon juice: remove coarse fiber by constant temperature centrifugation at 15-25℃, and then sterilize by pulse electric field; (2) Mineral stepwise chelation: Step 1: Calcium chelation: Add NFC lemon juice treated in step (1) to a sterile mixing tank, maintain an ultra-low temperature environment of 0-4℃, add L-calcium lactate and shear and stir; Step 2: Zinc chelation: After calcium chelation is completed, slowly raise the system temperature to 7-12℃ at a rate of ≤0.5℃ / min, add zinc lactate and stir at intervals of 5-15min; Step 3: Iron chelation: After zinc chelation is completed, lower the system temperature to 3-6℃, add sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and stir; (3) Vitamin addition: First, take the NFC lemon juice after step (1), control the temperature at 15-25℃, add B vitamins and stir, add water-soluble vitamin D3 powder, add vitamin C, stir and slowly inject into the mineral chelation system obtained in step (2); (4) Degassing and homogenization of the system: Vacuum degassing is carried out at 10-15℃, followed by two-stage high-pressure homogenization; (5) Aseptic filling and packaging: filling is carried out using double-layer light-proof packaging containers for sealing.

6. The composition for synergistic absorption promotion and growth aid of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conditions for constant temperature centrifugation in step (1) are 8000-12000 r / min and 5-10 min.

7. The composition for synergistic absorption promotion and growth aid of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first step of step (2) is: the shearing and stirring rate is 5000-8000 r / min and the time is 25-45 min.

8. The composition for synergistic absorption promotion and growth aid of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second step of step (2) is: the stirring rate is 600-1000 r / min and the time is 20-30 min.

9. The composition for promoting absorption and growth of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third step of step (2) is: the stirring rate is 500-700 r / min and the time is 30-40 min.

10. The composition for synergistic absorption promotion and growth aid of calcium, iron, zinc, and complex vitamins containing NFC lemon juice according to claim 5, characterized in that, The stirring rate after adding B vitamins is 400-600 r / min and the stirring time is 8-12 min.

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