Non-destructive testing equipment for welding seam of pressure vessel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding seam detection, and provides pressure vessel welding seam nondestructive detection equipment which comprises a fixing mechanism and a detection mechanism. The fixing mechanism comprises a fixing frame, an operation ring and a fixing assembly inserted in the operation ring, the operation ring is rotatably arranged on the fixing frame, and a plurality of abutting plates are slidably arranged on the fixing assembly; the detection mechanism comprises a shifting frame, an operation cylinder, an outer detection assembly and an inner detection assembly, a guide rail is installed at the bottom of the shifting frame, the operation cylinder is rotationally arranged on the shifting frame, the outer detection assembly is fixed to one end of the operation cylinder, and the inner detection assembly is installed at the other end of the operation cylinder; an outer detector and an inner detector used for extending into the pressure container are arranged on the outer detection assembly and the inner detection assembly respectively. The invention solves the problem that the existing nondestructive testing equipment is difficult to automatically detect the internal defects of the welding seam, and has the advantages of compact structure, capability of replacing part of manual labor force and good detection effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of weld inspection technology, and more specifically, to a non-destructive testing device for pressure vessel welds. Background Technology

[0002] Pressure vessels, as core pressure-bearing equipment in critical sectors such as petrochemicals, energy, pharmaceuticals, and aerospace, directly impact industrial production stability and the safety of personnel and property. Welds, as key connection points in the pressure vessel manufacturing process, are prone to hidden defects such as cracks, lack of fusion, porosity, and slag inclusions due to complex welding processes and significant stress concentration. These defects can gradually expand under long-term high-temperature, high-pressure, and corrosive media conditions, ultimately leading to major safety accidents such as leaks and explosions. Therefore, comprehensive, accurate, and efficient non-destructive testing of pressure vessel welds is a crucial step in ensuring the safe operation of the equipment throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0003] Currently, commonly used non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies for pressure vessel welds in the industry mainly include radiographic testing (RT), ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), penetrant testing (PT), and eddy current testing (ET). Each of these technologies has significant limitations in application, making it difficult to meet the comprehensive demands of modern industry for testing efficiency, accuracy, and applicable scenarios: 1. While radiographic testing can directly present the morphology and location of internal weld defects, its results are limited by the penetrating power of the radiation. For thick-walled pressure vessel welds exceeding 80mm in thickness, the radiation dose or exposure time needs to be increased, leading to a significant reduction in testing efficiency and generating strong radiation; 2. Ultrasonic testing relies on operators holding the probe and moving it along the weld trajectory, making the results highly dependent on the operator's experience; 3. Both magnetic particle and penetrant testing are surface defect detection methods and cannot detect harmful defects such as cracks and lack of fusion inside the weld, thus their applicability is inherently limited. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the problem that existing non-destructive testing equipment is difficult to automate the detection of internal defects in welds, this invention provides a non-destructive testing device for pressure vessel welds, the specific technical solution of which is as follows:

[0005] A non-destructive testing device for pressure vessel welds includes a fixing mechanism and a testing mechanism. The fixing mechanism includes a fixing frame, an operating ring, and a fixing component inserted within the operating ring. The operating ring is rotatably mounted on the fixing frame. Multiple abutment plates are slidably mounted on the fixing component, and the multiple abutment plates cooperate to form a fixed space. The testing mechanism includes a shifting frame, an operating cylinder, an outer testing component, and an inner testing component. A guide rail is installed at the bottom of the shifting frame. The operating cylinder is rotatably mounted on the shifting frame. The outer testing component is fixed to one end of the operating cylinder, and the inner testing component is mounted on the other end of the operating cylinder. The outer testing component and the inner testing component are respectively provided with an outer detector and an inner detector for extending into the interior of the pressure vessel.

[0006] The aforementioned pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment, through the cooperation of a rotatable operating ring in the fixing mechanism and a fixed space formed by the sliding of multiple abutment plates, allows the equipment to flexibly adapt to pressure vessels of different diameters, especially those with large curvatures or small diameters. Simultaneously, the multiple abutment plates clamp the vessel evenly from all sides, ensuring it is firmly and concentrically fixed during testing, effectively avoiding problems such as slippage, eccentricity, or difficulty in fixing that may occur with traditional clamping methods. This provides a stable foundation for subsequent high-precision automated testing. The testing mechanism integrates external and internal testing components, enabling the equipment to automatically scan the external and internal welds of the pressure vessel before assembly by driving the internal and external detectors separately or synchronously, either through the linear movement path of the shifting frame and the rotation of the operating cylinder, after a single fixing and clamping. This significantly improves testing efficiency and reduces labor intensity. The equipment highly integrates multiple functions such as fixing, shifting, rotation, and internal and external testing into a compact system, achieving functional diversification and structural simplification. This provides an excellent hardware foundation for developing a multi-functional testing platform integrating multiple sensors such as ultrasonic, eddy current, and vision sensors.

[0007] Furthermore, a mounting base is threadedly fixed to the fixing frame, and a first drive wheel is provided inside the mounting base. A fitting groove is formed between the outer ring and the inner ring of the operating ring, and the first drive wheel slides against the fitting groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the fixing mechanism also includes a support frame and an auxiliary frame; the support frame is equipped with a support wheel and a second drive wheel, the support wheel is supported at the bottom of the operating ring, and the second drive wheel also slides against the fitting groove; the auxiliary frame is equipped with a first drive motor, a turntable is rotatably mounted on the output end of the first drive motor, a first drive cylinder is detachably mounted on the turntable, and an auxiliary wheel is drivenly connected to the output end of the first drive cylinder, the auxiliary wheel slides against the inner wall of the inner ring of the operating ring.

[0009] Furthermore, the fixing component includes a first connector, a fixing ring, and multiple adjusting structures. The first connector is inserted into the operating ring, and the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the first connector. A sliding groove is formed in the fixing ring. The adjusting structure includes a second drive motor and an adjusting rack. The second drive motor is installed in the fixing ring, and the adjusting rack is movably inserted into the sliding groove. A control gear that meshes with the adjusting rack is sleeved on the output end of the second drive motor. The adjusting structure corresponds one-to-one with the abutment plate. The abutment plate is connected to the end of the adjusting rack facing the center of the fixing ring. The outline of the fixing space is cylindrical.

[0010] Furthermore, the operating cylinder includes a cylinder body, a third drive motor, a second drive cylinder, a first limiting clamp, a second limiting clamp, and three first shifting structures evenly spaced around the cylinder body for contacting the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The cylinder body is rotatably mounted on the shifting frame via a second connector. The third drive motor is mounted on the cylinder body. The output end of the third drive motor is drivenly connected to the first limiting clamp and used to control the clamping state of the first limiting clamp. The first limiting clamp is provided with a lifting guide rail. The second drive cylinder is slidably mounted on the lifting guide rail via a sliding seat. The output end of the second drive cylinder is drivenly connected to the second limiting clamp and used to control the lifting state of the second limiting clamp.

[0011] Furthermore, the first displacement structure includes a mounting rod, a transmission component, a third drive cylinder, a swing component, and a displacement track that slides against the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The mounting rod is threadedly fixed inside the cylinder, and a groove is provided on the mounting rod. One end of the transmission component is slidably inserted into the groove, and the other end of the transmission component is rotatably connected to the displacement track. The third drive cylinder is mounted on the mounting rod and is used to control the sliding state of the transmission component on the groove. The swing component is rotatably connected between the mounting rod and the displacement track.

[0012] Furthermore, the external inspection component includes a fourth drive motor, an external inspection head, and a disassembly plate detachably fixed to the cylinder. The fourth drive motor is mounted on the disassembly plate and can be raised and lowered relative to the disassembly plate. The external inspection head is connected to the fourth drive motor and is used to inspect the weld seam on the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The external inspection head is provided with a first inspection module and the external detector electrically connected to the first inspection module.

[0013] Furthermore, the internal detection assembly includes an extension rod, a folding component, a second displacement structure, and an internal detection head for detecting welds on the inner surface of the pressure vessel. The extension rod is detachably fixed to the sliding seat. The folding component includes a first folding arm, a second folding arm, and a connecting arm. A sleeve slidably fitted onto the extension rod is mounted on one end of the first folding arm. The other end of the first folding arm is rotatably connected to one end of the second folding arm, and the other end of the second folding arm is rotatably connected to the connecting arm. A connecting clamp protrudes from the connecting arm. One end of the second displacement structure is detachably inserted into the connecting clamp, and the other end of the second displacement structure is detachably connected to the internal detection head. A second detection module is provided inside the second displacement structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the internal detection head includes a rotating arm, a third folding arm, a fourth folding arm, and an internal detector electrically connected to the second detection module. One end of the rotating arm is detachably rotatably connected to the second displacement structure, and the other end of the rotating arm is rotatably mounted with the third folding arm. The fourth folding arm is rotatably connected between the third folding arm and the internal detector, and the internal detector is provided with a probe.

[0015] Furthermore, the guide rail includes a guide platform, a rail body, a support seat, and a fourth drive motor. The rail body is disposed on the guide platform, and a guide rack is provided on the side wall of the rail body. The support seat is inserted into the rail body and can slide relative to the rail body. The fourth drive motor is mounted on the support seat, and a guide gear that meshes with the guide rack is sleeved on the output end of the fourth drive motor. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The invention will be further understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but rather the emphasis is on illustrating the principles of the embodiments. In different views, the same reference numerals designate corresponding parts.

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the fixing mechanism of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inspection mechanism of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of the fixing mechanism of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing component of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the inspection mechanism of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the operating cylinder of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first displacement structure of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the external inspection component of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the extension rod and folding component of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the second displacement structure of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal inspection head of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the guide rail structure of the pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0030] 1. Fixed frame; 11. Mounting base; 12. First drive wheel; 2. Operating ring; 3. Fixed assembly; 31. Abutment plate; 32. Fixed ring body; 33. Adjusting rack; 34. Control gear; 4. Shifting frame; 5. Operating cylinder; 51. Cylinder body; 52. First limiting clamp; 53. Second limiting clamp; 54. First shifting structure; 541. Mounting rod; 5411. Groove; 542. Transmission component; 543. Swinging component; 544. Shifting track; 6. External detection assembly; 61. External detection head; 611. Connecting component; 612. Mounting component; 613. Rotating component; 614. External detector; 615. Rotating gear; 616. Drive gear set; 62. Disassembly plate; 7. Internal detection assembly; 71. Extension rod; 72. Folding component; 721. First folding arm 7211, Sleeve; 722, Second Folding Arm; 723, Connecting Arm; 7231, Connecting Clamp; 73, Second Displacement Structure; 731, Assembly Body; 732, Mounting Housing; 733, Wire Housing; 734, Displacement Component; 7341, Fixed Bracket; 7342, Adjusting Bracket; 7343, Displacement Wheel; 7344, First Swing Block; 7345, Second Swing Block; 735, Protective Cover; 74, Inner Detection Head; 741, Rotating Arm; 742, Third Folding Arm; 743, Fourth Folding Arm; 744, Inner Detector; 8, Guide Rail; 81, Guide Platform; 82, Rail Body; 83, Support Seat; 84, Guide Rack; 9, Support Frame; 91, Support Wheel; 92, Second Drive Wheel; 10, Auxiliary Frame; 101, Auxiliary Wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to its embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the invention.

[0032] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] In this invention, "first" and "second" do not represent a specific quantity or order, but are merely used to distinguish names.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fixing mechanism and a testing mechanism. The fixing mechanism includes a fixing frame 1, an operating ring 2, and a fixing component 3 inserted in the operating ring 2. The operating ring 2 is rotatably mounted on the fixing frame 1. Multiple abutment plates 31 are slidably mounted on the fixing component 3, and the multiple abutment plates 31 cooperate to form a fixing space. The testing mechanism includes a shifting frame 4, an operating cylinder 5, an outer testing component 6, and an inner testing component 7. A guide rail 8 is installed at the bottom of the shifting frame 4. The operating cylinder 5 is rotatably mounted on the shifting frame 4. The outer testing component 6 is fixed on one end of the operating cylinder 5, and the inner testing component 7 is installed on the other end of the operating cylinder 5. The outer testing component 6 and the inner testing component 7 are respectively provided with an outer detector 614 and an inner detector 744 for extending into the interior of the pressure vessel.

[0036] The aforementioned non-destructive testing equipment for pressure vessel welds, through the cooperation of the rotatable operating ring 2 in the fixing mechanism and the fixed space formed by the sliding of multiple abutment plates 31, allows the equipment to flexibly adapt to pressure vessels of different diameters, especially those with large curvature or small diameter. Simultaneously, the multiple abutment plates 31 clamp the vessel evenly from all sides, ensuring that it is firmly and concentrically fixed during testing, effectively avoiding problems such as slippage, eccentricity, or difficulty in fixing that may exist in traditional clamping methods, providing a stable foundation for subsequent high-precision automated testing. The testing mechanism integrates an external testing component 6 and an internal testing component 7, enabling… The equipment can automatically scan the external and internal welds of the pressure vessel before assembly by driving the internal and external detectors 614 separately or synchronously through the linear movement path of the shifting frame 4 and the rotation of the operating cylinder 5 after one fixing and clamping. This greatly improves the inspection efficiency and reduces the labor intensity. The above equipment integrates multiple functions such as fixing, shifting, rotation, and internal and external inspection into a compact system, realizing the diversification of functions and the simplification of structure. It provides an excellent hardware foundation for the development of a multi-functional inspection platform that integrates multiple sensors such as ultrasonic, eddy current, and vision.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, in one embodiment, a mounting base 11 is threaded onto the fixing frame 1, and a first drive wheel 12 is disposed inside the mounting base 11. A fitting groove is formed between the outer ring and the inner ring of the operating ring 2, and the first drive wheel 12 slides against the fitting groove. Through the sliding contact between the first drive wheel 12 and the fitting groove, the driving method is changed from the traditional gear meshing (prone to backlash and vibration) or friction transmission (prone to slippage) to a high-rigidity, slip-free line contact or surface contact transmission. This ensures that the driving power is directly and efficiently transmitted to the operating ring 2, effectively avoiding power loss and lag in the transmission process. This makes the rotational movement of the operating ring 2 more stable and precise, providing a stable and reliable motion foundation for carrying and adjusting the detection components.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the fixing mechanism further includes a support frame 9 and an auxiliary frame 10; a support wheel 91 and a second drive wheel 92 are mounted on the support frame 9, the support wheel 91 is supported on the bottom of the operating ring 2, and the second drive wheel 92 is also slidably abutted against the fitting groove; a first drive motor is mounted on the auxiliary frame 10, a turntable is rotatably mounted on the output end of the first drive motor, a first drive cylinder is detachably mounted on the turntable, and an auxiliary wheel 101 is drivenly connected to the output end of the first drive cylinder, the auxiliary wheel 101 slidably abutting against the inner wall of the inner ring of the operating ring 2. The first drive wheel 12 (located on the side) and the second drive wheel 92 (located at the bottom) slide against the fitting groove, forming a two-point or multi-point synchronous drive. This effectively avoids the insufficient torque or "jamming" phenomenon that may occur with single-point drive, ensuring that the operating ring 2 can obtain sufficient and stable driving force even under heavy load, achieving uniform and vibration-free precise rotation. The support wheel 91 supports the operating ring 2 from the bottom, effectively offsetting the weight of the operating ring 2 and its load, preventing it from sinking and deforming due to its own weight. At the same time, the auxiliary wheel 101 provides radial support force from the inside by abutting against the inner wall of the inner ring of the operating ring 2, forming an "inner and outer clamping" force with the external drive wheel, which greatly suppresses any radial runout, axial movement or vibration that may occur in the operating ring 2 during rotation, ensuring extremely high operational stability.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, the fixing component 3 includes a first connector, a fixing ring 32, and multiple adjusting structures. The first connector is inserted into the operating ring 2, and the fixing ring 32 is fixedly connected to the first connector. A sliding groove is provided in the fixing ring 32. The adjusting structure includes a second drive motor and an adjusting rack 33. The second drive motor is installed in the fixing ring 32, and the adjusting rack 33 is movably inserted into the sliding groove. A control gear 34 that meshes with the adjusting rack 33 is sleeved on the output end of the second drive motor. The adjusting structure corresponds one-to-one with the abutment plate 31. The abutment plate 31 is connected to the end of the adjusting rack 33 facing the center of the fixing ring 32. The outline of the fixing space is cylindrical. The fixed space formed by the coordinated movement of all the contact plates 31 has a cylindrical outline, which perfectly matches the cylindrical shape of pressure vessels. This achieves surface contact or uniform line contact. Compared with traditional point contact or asymmetric clamping, this enveloping clamping significantly increases the contact area, making the grip more secure and preventing the container from sliding or shifting during the inspection rotation. It also effectively avoids damage to the container surface caused by excessive local stress. The drive motor (second drive motor), transmission mechanism (control gear 34 and adjusting rack 33), and execution components (contact plates 31) are all integrated inside the fixed ring 32. The structure is compact and has good protection. The entire clamping and centering process does not require manual intervention and is fully automated by the motor. One-button switching and precise positioning of workpieces of different diameters can be completed, which greatly improves the automation level and ease of operation of the equipment and reduces the skill dependence and labor intensity of the operators.

[0040] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, in one embodiment, the operating cylinder 5 includes a cylinder body 51, a third drive motor, a second drive cylinder, a first limiting clamp 52, a second limiting clamp 53, and three first displacement structures 54 evenly spaced around the cylinder body 51 for contacting the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The cylinder body 51 is rotatably mounted on the displacement frame 4 via a second connector. The third drive motor is mounted on the cylinder body 51. The output end of the third drive motor is connected to the first limiting clamp 52 and is used to control the clamping state of the first limiting clamp 52. The first limiting clamp 52 is provided with a lifting guide rail. The second drive cylinder is slidably mounted on the lifting guide rail via a sliding seat. The output end of the second drive cylinder is connected to the second limiting clamp 53 and is used to control the lifting state of the second limiting clamp 53. Three circumferentially evenly distributed first displacement structures 54 constitute a stable "three-point support" system, ensuring that the operating cylinder 5 can always maintain a stable posture on the outer wall of the pressure vessel and can adapt to a certain range of diameter changes. Through the first limiting clamp 52 and the second limiting clamp 53 pressing against the outer wall of the container, and the three first displacement structures 54 supporting the outer wall, the operating cylinder 5 actually establishes a rigid connection outside the container wall, forming an extremely stable support frame. This rigidly connects the entire detection mechanism to the container itself, effectively eliminating any relative vibration or slight movement caused by the equipment's own inertia or external disturbances during the scanning process. This creates a stable working environment for the detection operation and is the fundamental guarantee for achieving high-precision, high-repeatability non-destructive testing. In addition, the entire operating cylinder 5 is connected to the displacement frame 4 through the second connector, forming an independent module. This allows for quick switching between operating cylinders 5 with different functional configurations (such as those equipped with different types of probes), improving the equipment's versatility.

[0041] like Figures 5-7As shown, in one embodiment, the first displacement structure 54 includes a mounting rod 541, a transmission component 542, a third drive cylinder, a swing component 543, and a displacement track 544 that slides against the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The mounting rod 541 is threadedly fixed inside the cylinder 51, and a groove 5411 is provided on the mounting rod 541. One end of the transmission component 542 is slidably inserted into the groove 5411, and the other end of the transmission component 542 is rotatably connected to the displacement track 544. The third drive cylinder is mounted on the mounting rod 541 and is used to control the sliding state of the transmission component 542 on the groove 5411. The swing component 543 is rotatably connected between the mounting rod 541 and the displacement track 544. Thus, by incorporating the shifting track 544, which directly contacts the outer surface of the pressure vessel, compared to traditional wheeled structures, the track has a larger contact area and stronger obstacle-crossing ability. It effectively addresses weld reinforcement, slight unevenness, and irregular curved surfaces, greatly reducing the risk of slippage and ensuring efficient and stable transmission of driving force, providing a foundation for precise scanning movements. Furthermore, by incorporating a third drive cylinder, which actively controls the sliding state of the transmission component 542 within the groove 5411, the shifting track 544 is actively pushed and pulled, enabling it to adapt to vessel outer walls of different diameters, facilitating rapid adaptation. It can be equipped with containers of different specifications, and more importantly, it can be dynamically adjusted during the inspection process to ensure that the track always maintains a suitable pressure on the container surface. This ensures effective driving while avoiding excessive pressure that could cause equipment deformation or difficulty in movement. By setting up a swing component 543, which forms a floating connection between the mounting rod 541 and the shifting track 544, a key degree of freedom is provided. This allows the shifting track 544 to self-adjust its posture within a certain angle range when encountering surface changes, closely conforming to the container surface, playing a role in buffering and vibration absorption, and further ensuring the smoothness of movement and the stability of inspection.

[0042] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 8As shown, in one embodiment, the external detection component 6 includes a fourth drive motor, an external detection head 61, and a disassembly plate 62 detachably fixed to the cylinder 51. The fourth drive motor is mounted on the disassembly plate 62 and can be raised and lowered relative to the disassembly plate 62. The external detection head 61 is connected to the fourth drive motor and is used to detect the weld seam on the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The external detection head 61 is provided with a first detection module and an external detector 614 electrically connected to the first detection module. By incorporating a fourth drive motor that controls the lifting and lowering of the outer detection head 61, the distance between the outer detector 614 and the detection surface is actively and precisely adjusted according to the actual contour of the pressure vessel's outer wall (such as weld reinforcement height and curvature changes). This ensures that the coupling liquid film thickness required by the ultrasonic probe, the lift-off value required by the eddy current probe, and the focal length of the vision sensor are all kept within the optimal working range, thereby greatly improving the stability and signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal and guaranteeing the accuracy and reliability of the detection data. Furthermore, the inclusion of a disassembly plate 62 allows operators to quickly disassemble and reassemble the entire module when changing the detection process (such as switching from ultrasonic testing to eddy current testing) or performing maintenance. This eliminates the need for complex disassembly and wiring work on-site, significantly reducing equipment downtime, improving detection efficiency, and facilitating equipment upgrades and functional expansion.

[0043] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, specifically, the external detection head 61 includes a connector 611, a mounting part 612, a rotating part 613, and an external detector 614. The connector 611 is connected between the fourth drive motor and the mounting part 612. The mounting part 612 has a first mounting cavity for mounting the first detection module. The rotating part 613 is rotatably disposed at the bottom of the mounting part 612. A rotating gear 615 is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating part 613. A drive gear set 616 that meshes with the rotating gear 615 is sleeved on the output end of the fourth drive motor. The external detector 614 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the rotating part 613 and electrically connected to the first detection module. The fourth drive motor drives the rotating gear 615 via the drive gear set 616, ultimately causing the rotating part 613 to rotate relative to the mounting part 612. This allows the external detector 614, fixed at the bottom of the rotating part 613, to achieve precise angular positioning. When inspecting welds, especially for defects with specific directions (such as cracks or lack of fusion), it is necessary to strictly control the incident angle of the ultrasonic waves or the direction of eddy current detection to ensure that they are always aligned with the weld in the optimal orientation, thereby significantly improving the detection rate and identification accuracy of minute defects. In addition, the gear transmission (drive gear set 616 and rotating gear 615) has the advantages of precise transmission ratio, large torque, and small backlash. It can accurately and without slippage convert the rotational motion of the fourth drive motor into the rotation of the external detector 614, avoiding the slippage and accuracy loss problems that may occur when using belt or friction transmission.

[0044] Furthermore, the bottom of the external detector 614 is equipped with a probe capable of changing the detection angle and position by rotating the external detector 614 itself. Different types of non-destructive testing methods (such as ultrasonic and eddy current testing) have strict requirements on the relative attitude and distance between the probe and the container surface. The probe can actively adjust itself to always be in the optimal coupling state (for ultrasonic) or the optimal lift-off value (for eddy current), which helps to ensure stable detection signal strength and high signal-to-noise ratio, greatly improving the reliability of the detection results and the comparability between different tests. This is prior art, and the installation and connection methods of the probe will not be described in detail.

[0045] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment, the internal detection assembly 7 includes an extension rod 71, a folding member 72, a second displacement structure 73, and an internal detection head 74 for detecting welds on the inner surface of a pressure vessel. The extension rod 71 is detachably fixed to a sliding seat. The folding member 72 includes a first folding arm 721, a second folding arm 722, and a connecting arm 723. A sleeve 7211 is slidably sleeved on the extension rod 71 at one end of the first folding arm 721. The other end of the first folding arm 721 is rotatably connected to one end of the second folding arm 722. The other end of the second folding arm 722 is rotatably connected to the connecting arm 723. A connecting clamp 7231 protrudes from the connecting arm 723. One end of the second displacement structure 73 is detachably inserted into the connecting clamp 7231. The other end of the second displacement structure 73 is detachably connected to the internal detection head 74. A second detection module is provided inside the second displacement structure 73. Thus, by providing the sleeve 7211, the sliding of the sleeve 7211 on the extension rod 71 allows the second displacement structure 73 to be reciprocated into the pressure vessel, precisely delivering the inner detection head 74 at its end to the deep internal weld area that conventional rigid structures cannot reach, greatly expanding the detection range of the equipment and effectively eliminating internal detection blind spots. Through the combination of the extension rod 71 and the folding piece 72, its multi-segment rotating connection gives the inner detection component 7 multiple degrees of freedom, allowing the operator or control system to flexibly adjust the spatial posture and extension length of the inner detection head 74 inside the vessel as needed, so that it can be aligned with the inner wall welds of different orientations at the optimal angle. By providing the second displacement structure 73, which serves as the final carrier of the inner detection head 74, the second detection module (signal processing and acquisition unit) is integrated inside, greatly shortening the transmission distance of the sensor signal, effectively reducing signal attenuation and external electromagnetic interference, ensuring the quality and stability of the internal detection signal, and providing a reliable data foundation for high-precision evaluation.

[0046] Preferably, the first and second detection modules are typically signal processing and acquisition units of detection devices capable of non-destructive testing of welds, such as radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, penetrant testing, eddy current testing, or visual inspection. These are all existing technologies, and the setup and installation methods of the first and second detection modules will not be described in detail here, nor are they shown in the figures.

[0047] like Figure 5 and Figure 11 As shown, in one embodiment, the internal detection head 74 includes a rotating arm 741, a third folding arm 742, a fourth folding arm 743, and an internal detector 744 electrically connected to the second detection module. One end of the rotating arm 741 is detachably rotatably connected to the second shifting structure 73, and the third folding arm 742 is rotatably mounted on the other end of the rotating arm 741. The fourth folding arm 743 is rotatably connected between the third folding arm 742 and the internal detector 744, and the internal detector 744 is provided with a probe. The arrangement of the rotating arm 741, the third folding arm 742, and the fourth folding arm 743 allows the probe at the end of the internal detector 744 to easily bypass internal obstacles and precisely approach or fit against the inner wall weld at the optimal angle and position. This completely solves the operational difficulties and alignment problems caused by the complex internal structure and obstructed view, achieving true full-coverage internal inspection. At the same time, the multi-joint structural design allows the internal detector 744 to make micro-adjustments, ensuring that the probe at its front end can adapt to the curvature changes of the container's inner wall and the unevenness of the weld, always maintaining stable contact with the detection point with a constant contact force or the optimal distance, effectively avoiding misjudgment or missed detection due to poor contact.

[0048] like Figure 5 and Figure 10As shown, specifically, the second shifting structure 73 includes an assembly body 731, a mounting shell 732, a wire shell 733, and two shifting components 734 disposed at both ends of the assembly body 731. The mounting shell 732 and the wire shell 733 are respectively fitted onto the outer surface of the assembly body 731. A second mounting cavity for mounting the second detection module is formed inside the mounting shell 732, and a third mounting cavity for setting the wiring wire is formed inside the wire shell 733. The second mounting cavity and the third mounting cavity are connected. Two protective covers 735 are provided at intervals on the assembly body 731. One protective cover 735 covers the mounting shell 732, and the other protective cover 735 covers the wire shell 733. One shifting component 734 is detachably inserted into the connecting clamp 7231, and the other shifting component 734 is detachably connected to the rotating arm 741. The mounting housing 732 and the second mounting cavity formed therein provide a dedicated, protected mounting space for the second detection module (internal detection signal processing and acquisition unit). The dedicated wire housing 733 and the third mounting cavity therein provide a neat wiring route and reliable mechanical protection for all power and signal lines leading to the second detection module and the internal detector 744. The two protective covers 735 enable the entire second displacement structure 73 to withstand the harsh environment inside the pressure vessel, such as sharp burrs, severe friction, or accidental collisions, protecting the expensive internal electronic modules and cables, demonstrating high engineering practicality and robustness.

[0049] like Figure 10As shown, the shifting component 734 further includes a fixed shaft, a rotating shaft, a fixed bracket 7341, an adjusting bracket 7342, and multiple shifting wheels 7343. The fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the assembly body 731. The rotating shaft is rotatably assembled between the fixed shaft and the connecting clamp 7231 or the rotating arm 741. The rotating shaft surface is provided with external threads. The fixed bracket 7341 is sleeved on the fixed shaft. The adjusting bracket 7342 has a through hole, which is sleeved on the rotating shaft. The through hole has an internal thread that connects with the external thread. The fixed bracket 7341 and the adjusting bracket 7342 are connected to the rotating shaft. The section bracket 7342 is provided with three corner ends at intervals along the circumferential direction. The three corner ends of the fixed bracket 7341 are rotatably provided with a first swing block 7344. The three corner ends of the adjusting bracket 7342 are rotatably provided with a second swing block 7345. The first swing block 7344 and the second swing block 7345 correspond one-to-one. Each first swing block 7344 is equipped with a shifting wheel 7343. The end of the second swing block 7345 away from the adjusting bracket 7342 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the first swing block 7344. Multiple circumferentially distributed shifting wheels 7343 directly contact the inner wall of the container, providing multi-point, uniform drive support. Compared to single-point or two-point support, this provides greater adhesion and more stable friction, ensuring that slippage is completely eliminated when moving on vertical walls or complex curved surfaces, providing stable and continuous movement capability for the inner detection head 74. The three circumferentially distributed corner ends on the fixed bracket 7341 and the adjusting bracket 7342, together with the corresponding swing block and shifting wheels 7343, constitute a perfect "three-point centering" support system. When the shifting wheels 7343 move radially, they can automatically ensure that all shifting wheels 7343 move synchronously, so that the center of the inner detector 744 is always aligned with the theoretical central axis of the container, realizing automatic centering function, avoiding additional frictional resistance or movement jamming caused by eccentricity, and ensuring that the movement process is extremely smooth and stable.

[0050] like Figure 12 As shown, in one embodiment, the guide rail 8 includes a guide platform 81, a rail body 82, a support 83, and a fourth drive motor. The rail body 82 is disposed on the guide platform 81, and a guide rack 84 is provided on the side wall of the rail body 82. The support 83 is inserted into the rail body 82 and can slide relative to the rail body 82. The fourth drive motor is mounted on the support 83, and a guide gear that meshes with the guide rack 84 is sleeved on the output end of the fourth drive motor.

[0051] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0052] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A non-destructive testing device for pressure vessel welds, characterized in that, include A fixing mechanism includes a fixing frame, an operating ring, and a fixing component inserted in the operating ring. The operating ring is rotatably mounted on the fixing frame, and a plurality of abutment plates are slidably mounted on the fixing component. The plurality of abutment plates cooperate to form a fixing space. The detection mechanism includes a shifting frame, an operating cylinder, an outer detection component, and an inner detection component. A guide rail is installed at the bottom of the shifting frame. The operating cylinder is rotatably mounted on the shifting frame. The outer detection component is fixed to one end of the operating cylinder, and the inner detection component is installed at the other end of the operating cylinder. The outer detection component and the inner detection component are respectively provided with an outer detector and an inner detector for extending into the interior of the pressure vessel.

2. The pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A mounting base is threaded onto the fixing frame, and a first drive wheel is provided inside the mounting base. A fitting groove is formed between the outer ring and the inner ring of the operating ring, and the first drive wheel slides against the fitting groove.

3. The pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixing mechanism further includes a support frame and an auxiliary frame; the support frame is equipped with a support wheel and a second drive wheel, the support wheel is supported at the bottom of the operating ring, and the second drive wheel also slides against the fitting groove; the auxiliary frame is equipped with a first drive motor, a turntable is rotatably mounted on the output end of the first drive motor, a first drive cylinder is detachably mounted on the turntable, and an auxiliary wheel is drivenly connected to the output end of the first drive cylinder, the auxiliary wheel slides against the inner wall of the inner ring of the operating ring.

4. The non-destructive testing equipment for pressure vessel welds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing assembly includes a first connector, a fixing ring, and multiple adjusting structures. The first connector is inserted into the operating ring, and the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the first connector. A sliding groove is formed in the fixing ring. The adjusting structure includes a second drive motor and an adjusting rack. The second drive motor is installed in the fixing ring, and the adjusting rack is movably inserted into the sliding groove. A control gear that meshes with the adjusting rack is sleeved on the output end of the second drive motor. The adjusting structure corresponds one-to-one with the abutment plate. The abutment plate is connected to the end of the adjusting rack facing the center of the fixing ring. The outline of the fixing space is cylindrical.

5. The non-destructive testing equipment for pressure vessel welds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating cylinder includes a cylinder body, a third drive motor, a second drive cylinder, a first limiting clamp, a second limiting clamp, and three first shifting structures evenly spaced around the cylinder body for contacting the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The cylinder body is rotatably mounted on the shifting frame via a second connector. The third drive motor is mounted on the cylinder body, and its output end is connected to the first limiting clamp for controlling the clamping state of the first limiting clamp. The first limiting clamp is provided with a lifting guide rail, and the second drive cylinder is slidably mounted on the lifting guide rail via a sliding seat. The output end of the second drive cylinder is connected to the second limiting clamp for controlling the lifting state of the second limiting clamp.

6. The pressure vessel weld non-destructive testing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first displacement structure includes a mounting rod, a transmission component, a third drive cylinder, a swing component, and a displacement track that slides against the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The mounting rod is threadedly fixed inside the cylinder and has a groove. One end of the transmission component is slidably inserted into the groove, and the other end of the transmission component is rotatably connected to the displacement track. The third drive cylinder is mounted on the mounting rod and is used to control the sliding state of the transmission component on the groove. The swing component is rotatably connected between the mounting rod and the displacement track.

7. The non-destructive testing equipment for pressure vessel welds according to claim 5, characterized in that, The external inspection assembly includes a fourth drive motor, an external inspection head, and a disassembly plate detachably fixed to the cylinder. The fourth drive motor is mounted on the disassembly plate and can be raised and lowered relative to the disassembly plate. The external inspection head is connected to the fourth drive motor and is used to inspect the weld seams on the outer surface of the pressure vessel. The external inspection head is provided with a first inspection module and an external detector electrically connected to the first inspection module.

8. The non-destructive testing equipment for pressure vessel welds according to claim 7, characterized in that, The internal detection assembly includes an extension rod, a folding component, a second displacement structure, and an internal detection head for detecting welds on the inner surface of a pressure vessel. The extension rod is detachably fixed to the sliding seat. The folding component includes a first folding arm, a second folding arm, and a connecting arm. A sleeve that is slidably fitted onto the extension rod is mounted on one end of the first folding arm. The other end of the first folding arm is rotatably connected to one end of the second folding arm, and the other end of the second folding arm is rotatably connected to the connecting arm. A connecting clamp protrudes from the connecting arm. One end of the second displacement structure is detachably inserted into the connecting clamp, and the other end of the second displacement structure is detachably connected to the internal detection head. A second detection module is provided inside the second displacement structure.

9. The non-destructive testing equipment for pressure vessel welds according to claim 8, characterized in that, The internal detection head includes a rotating arm, a third folding arm, a fourth folding arm, and an internal detector electrically connected to the second detection module. One end of the rotating arm is detachably rotatably connected to the second displacement structure. The third folding arm is rotatably mounted on the other end of the rotating arm. The fourth folding arm is rotatably connected between the third folding arm and the internal detector. The internal detector is provided with a probe.

10. The non-destructive testing equipment for pressure vessel welds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide rail includes a guide platform, a rail body, a support seat, and a fourth drive motor. The rail body is disposed on the guide platform, and a guide rack is provided on the side wall of the rail body. The support seat is inserted into the rail body and can slide relative to the rail body. The fourth drive motor is mounted on the support seat, and a guide gear that meshes with the guide rack is sleeved on the output end of the fourth drive motor.

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