Livestock and poultry feed composition containing lactic acid bacteria and bacillus

Abstract

The invention relates to a livestock and poultry feed composition which comprises lactic acid bacteria and bacillus as active ingredients and is mixed with basal feed for use, the composition is prepared by adding lactic acid bacteria and bacillus into a basal feed according to a specific proportion, and can be applied to the livestock and poultry feeding process; the preparation method comprises the steps of strain culture, mixing and drying. Tests show that the composition can be used for feeding livestock and poultry such as pigs, chickens and cattle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry feeding, in particular to a livestock and poultry feed composition containing lactic acid bacteria and bacillus. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the livestock and poultry feeding industry, feed is a key factor affecting animal growth, health and production performance. Traditional feed is mainly composed of grains, protein sources, minerals and vitamins, etc. However, these feeds face the problem of low digestion and absorption efficiency in practical application, especially in high-density feeding environment, the intestinal microbial balance of animals is easily affected, leading to an increase in harmful bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, thereby causing digestive diseases, a decrease in feed utilization rate and a decrease in growth rate. In recent years, some researches have explored the method of adding microorganisms to feed to regulate the intestinal environment. For example, lactic acid bacteria can regulate the intestinal pH value by producing acidic substances to inhibit the growth of certain harmful bacteria; bacillus exists in the form of spores and has certain heat and acid resistance, which is beneficial to maintaining activity during feed processing and storage.

[0003] In the prior art, there are examples of adding a single type of microorganism to feed, such as using only lactobacillus to improve animal intestinal acidity or adding only bacillus subtilis to produce enzymes to promote nutrient decomposition. These methods are helpful to animal health to some extent, but also have limitations. For example, single lactic acid bacteria addition has a large loss of activity in high-temperature feed processing, resulting in unstable actual effect; single bacillus use is difficult to fully cover the needs of the intestinal anaerobic environment, affecting the inhibition of harmful bacteria.

[0004] In addition, in the feeding of different livestock and poultry types such as pigs, chickens and cattle, the application of these single microorganisms sometimes fails to adapt to specific physiological needs, such as intestinal adaptation during piglet weaning period, rapid growth stage of chickens or rumen fermentation process of cattle. Further, the compatibility and synergistic effect of microorganisms in existing feed combinations are insufficient, resulting in that the overall efficiency of the feed has not been optimized, and problems such as increased feeding cost and fluctuating production performance still need to be solved.

[0005] The present application aims to provide a feed composition combining lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, which provides a solution to the above problems through the complementary effect of the two types of microorganisms, to adapt to the diversified needs of livestock and poultry feeding. SUMMARY

[0006] This section is intended to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present application and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the abstract and title of the specification to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, abstract and title, which cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0007] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present inventors have developed the present application.

[0008] The present application provides a livestock feed composition, which comprises a basal feed, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, wherein the lactic acid bacteria and bacillus are mixed with the basal feed as active ingredients.

[0009] The basal feed can be made of conventional ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, wheat middlings, vegetable oil, dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, stone powder, vitamin premix and mineral premix, preferably corn 450-650 parts, soybean meal 150-250 parts, wheat middlings 30-50 parts, vegetable oil 15-20 parts, dicalcium phosphate 12-18 parts, sodium chloride 4-6 parts, stone powder 8-12 parts, vitamin premix 1.5-2.5 parts, and mineral premix 2.5-3.5 parts by weight.

[0010] Preferably, for cattle feed, a source of crude fiber such as cottonseed meal 50-150 parts can be additionally added.

[0011] Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria are selected from one or more of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum or Bifidobacterium animalis, and the bacillus is selected from one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus coagulans.

[0012] Preferably, the viable count of lactic acid bacteria in the composition is 1×10 8 CFU / g to 1×10 10 CFU / g, preferably 2×10 9 CFU / g to 3×10 9 CFU / g; The viable count of bacillus is 1×10 7 CFU / g to 1×10 9 CFU / g, preferably 8×10 7 CFU / g to 1.5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0013] Preferably, the mixing ratio of lactic acid bacteria and bacillus is 10:1 to 20:1, preferably 15:1, by viable count.

[0014] Further, the preparation method of the composition comprises separately culturing lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, mixing the cultures and adding to the basal feed, and drying.

[0015] Specifically, the lactic acid bacteria are anaerobically cultured in MRS medium at 35-39°C for 36-72 hours, and the bacillus is aerobically cultured in LB medium at 28-32°C for 24-48 hours.

[0016] When mixing, the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and the bacillus culture solution are added to the base feed at a volume ratio of 2:1 to 3:1, stirred uniformly, and dried at 35-45℃ until the moisture content is less than 10-15%.

[0017] The composition is suitable for pigs, chickens, and cattle, and the like, and is used by daily feeding, which can support intestinal health and growth performance.

[0018] The present application has the following advantages: through the acidic environment generated by lactic acid bacteria and the enzyme activity of bacillus, the decomposition and absorption of nutrients in feed are promoted, and in pig feeding, weight gain and feed conversion rate improvement can be observed; in chicken feeding, it helps to reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract and improve the survival rate; in cattle feeding, it supports rumen microbial balance and enhances digestive function; these effects are due to the synergistic effect of the two microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria maintain intestinal acidity, and bacillus provides spore form with strong tolerance, which is convenient for storage and application. Overall, the composition helps to improve the health management and production efficiency of livestock and poultry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the present application.

[0020] In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application can also be implemented in other ways different from the description, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the concept of the present application, therefore the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0021] Secondly, the "one embodiment" or "embodiment" referred to herein means that a specific feature, structure or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the present application. "In one embodiment" appearing in different places in the specification does not mean the same embodiment, nor does it mean an embodiment that is separate or selectively excluded from other embodiments.

[0022] Embodiment 1 The present embodiment provides a livestock and poultry feed composition comprising lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, and specifically, the present embodiment is directed to a pig feed composition.

[0023] Further, Lactobacillus acidophilus is selected as lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis is selected as bacillus.

[0024] The base feed comprises, by weight: 600 parts of corn, 200 parts of soybean meal, 40 parts of secondary powder, 20 parts of vegetable oil, 15 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 10 parts of stone powder, 2 parts of vitamin premix, and 3 parts of mineral premix.

[0025] Further, Lactobacillus acidophilus was cultured in MRS medium at 37℃ anaerobically for 48 hours, and the viable cell count reached 5×10 9 CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis was cultured in LB medium at 30℃ aerobically for 36 hours, and the viable cell count reached 3×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0026] Take 100 mL of Lactobacillus acidophilus culture solution and 50 mL of Bacillus subtilis culture solution (volume ratio 2:1), mix and spray on 1 kg of basic feed, stir evenly, and dry at 40℃ until the moisture content is less than 12%. The final composition contains 2×10 9 CFU / g of Lactobacillus acidophilus and 1×10 8 CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis.

[0027] Further, 60 weaned piglets with a body weight of about 20 kg were selected for the feeding test and randomly divided into test and control groups, 30 in each group.

[0028] The test group was fed with the composition daily, and the control group was fed with the same basic feed without adding microorganisms.

[0029] Preferably, the feeding period is 42 days, during which the body weight, feed intake and diarrhea occurrence are recorded daily.

[0030] At the end of the test, fecal samples were collected, and the number of intestinal beneficial bacteria (such as lactic acid bacteria) and harmful bacteria (such as Escherichia coli) was determined using plate counting method, and the feed conversion rate (feed intake / body weight gain) was analyzed.

[0031] The test results are shown in the following table:

[0032] The test data show that the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis helps the growth of piglets, and the difference in daily weight gain is related to the enzymes produced by microorganisms to promote protein and carbohydrate digestion.

[0033] The change in feed conversion rate reflects the improvement in nutritional utilization efficiency, and the decrease in diarrhea incidence can be attributed to the regulation of intestinal pH by lactic acid bacteria to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, while the spore form of Bacillus ensures its survival in the intestine, and the change in fecal flora supports the regulation of intestinal environment by microorganisms.

[0034] In combination with existing research, the synergistic optimization of such microorganisms for early development of piglets is verified, the application potential of the composition in pig feeding is verified, the applicability of the strain ratio and the preparation method is emphasized, through these observations, the technical solution shows certain adaptability in the pig feeding environment, further expands its nature in weaning management, and in actual application, the addition amount can be adjusted according to the feeding scale to observe the long-term effect.

[0035] Example 2 The present embodiment provides a livestock and poultry feed composition comprising lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, and specifically, the present embodiment is directed to a chicken feed composition.

[0036] Lactobacillus plantarum is selected as the lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus licheniformis is selected as the bacillus.

[0037] The base feed comprises, by weight: 550 parts of corn, 250 parts of soybean meal, 35 parts of secondary powder, 18 parts of vegetable oil, 12 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 8 parts of stone powder, 1.5 parts of vitamin premix, and 2.5 parts of mineral premix.

[0038] The Lactobacillus plantarum is anaerobically cultured in MRS medium at 35°C for 36 hours, and the viable bacterial count reaches 4×10 9 CFU / mL.

[0039] The Bacillus licheniformis is aerobically cultured in LB medium at 32°C for 48 hours, and the viable bacterial count reaches 2×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0040] 80mL of Lactobacillus plantarum culture solution and 60mL of Bacillus licheniformis culture solution (volume ratio about 1.3:1) are taken, mixed, and uniformly sprayed on 1kg of base feed, stirred, and dried at 45°C until the moisture content is less than 10%.

[0041] The viable bacterial count of Lactobacillus plantarum in the final composition is 1.5×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable bacterial count of Bacillus licheniformis is 8×10 7 CFU / g.

[0042] A feeding test is selected using 120 one-day-old broilers, which are randomly divided into a test group and a control group, 60 in each group. The test group is fed the composition every day, and the control group is fed the same base feed without adding microorganisms. The feeding period is 35 days, and the body weight gain, feed consumption, survival rate, and intestinal health indicators are recorded.

[0043] Intestinal samples are collected in the test, PCR method is used to analyze microbial diversity, and immune indicators such as IgA level in serum are measured.

[0044] The test results are shown in the following table:

[0045] The difference in weight gain observed in the trial is due to the lactic acid produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, which improves feed acidity and promotes mineral absorption.

[0046] The reduction in feed consumption indicates an increase in digestive efficiency. The change in survival rate is related to the stress resistance of Bacillus licheniformis, whose spores can survive high-temperature feed processing and recover in the intestinal tract.

[0047] The change in intestinal microbial diversity illustrates the complementary action of the two bacteria, with Lactobacillus plantarum occupying anaerobic sites and Bacillus licheniformis consuming oxygen to create an environment.

[0048] The difference in serum immune indicators supports the regulation of host immunity by the microorganisms.

[0049] The combination can be used as a regular addition in chicken feeding to improve overall performance.

[0050] This example extends the technical solution to poultry applications, emphasizing the flexibility of strain selection and the control of drying conditions. In further trials, the influence of environmental factors on the effect can be monitored to optimize the feeding protocol.

[0051] Example 3 This example provides a livestock and poultry feed composition containing lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, and specifically targets a bovine feed composition.

[0052] Animal Bifidobacterium is selected as the lactic acid bacteria, and Bacillus coagulans is selected as the Bacillus.

[0053] The base feed includes, by weight: corn 450 parts, soybean meal 150 parts, wheat middlings 50 parts, vegetable oil 15 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 18 parts, sodium chloride 6 parts, stone powder 12 parts, vitamin premix 2.5 parts, mineral premix 3.5 parts, and cottonseed meal 100 parts.

[0054] The animal Bifidobacterium is cultured anaerobically in MRS medium at 39°C for 72 hours, and the viable bacterial count reaches 6×10 9 CFU / mL.

[0055] The Bacillus coagulans is cultured aerobically in LB medium at 28°C for 24 hours, and the viable bacterial count reaches 4×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0056] Take 120 mL of the animal Bifidobacterium culture solution and 40 mL of the Bacillus coagulans culture solution (volume ratio 3:1), mix them, and then add them to 1 kg of the base feed, stir thoroughly, and dry at 35°C until the moisture content is less than 15%.

[0057] The final composition has a viable bacterial count of 3×10 9CFU / g, Bacillus coagulans viable count 1.5 x 10 8 CFU / g.

[0058] Forty beef cattle with body weight of about 200 kg were selected for the feeding trial and randomly divided into the test group and the control group, 20 cattle in each group.

[0059] The test group was fed with the composition every day, and the control group was fed with the same basic feed without adding microorganisms.

[0060] The feeding period was 56 days, and the daily gain, feed intake, rumen fermentation parameters such as volatile fatty acid (VFA) content and pH value were recorded.

[0061] Rumen fluid samples were collected and analyzed for microbial composition.

[0062] The test results are shown in the following table:

[0063] The difference in daily gain is related to the enhancement of fiber decomposition by Bifidobacterium animalis, which promotes rumen fermentation.

[0064] The reduction in feed intake reflects the optimization of energy utilization.

[0065] The stability of rumen pH is attributed to the acid production of lactic acid bacteria and the enzyme secretion of Bacillus coagulans.

[0066] The increase in VFA supports the contribution of microorganisms to nutrient conversion.

[0067] Changes in rumen microbial composition show that the spore form of Bacillus coagulans adapts to the rumen environment and maintains balance in cooperation with Bifidobacterium.

[0068] This example demonstrates the effectiveness of the technical solution in cattle feeding, highlighting the regulatory effect on the rumen ecosystem. In actual feeding, the feed ratio can be adjusted in combination with seasonal changes to observe the sustained effect.

[0069] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example is directed to pig feed, using a basic feed containing only Lactobacillus acidophilus as a comparison.

[0070] The basic feed formula is the same as in Example 1. Lactobacillus acidophilus was cultured in MRS medium at 37°C anaerobically for 48 hours, and the viable count reached 5 x 10 9 CFU / mL.

[0071] Spray 150 mL of Lactobacillus acidophilus culture solution onto 1 kg of basic feed, stir evenly, and dry at 40°C until the moisture content is less than 12%.

[0072] The viable count of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the final composition is 2 x 10 9CFU / g, no Bacillus sp.

[0073] The feeding test conditions were the same as in Example 1, and 30 piglets were selected as the comparative group.

[0074] The test results showed that the average daily weight gain was 0.60 kg, the feed conversion rate was 2.2:1, the diarrhea incidence was 12%, the number of beneficial bacteria in feces was 7.5 log CFU / g, and the number of harmful bacteria was 6.0 log CFU / g.

[0075] Compared with Example 1, the daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of Comparative Example 1 were lower, the diarrhea incidence was higher, and the fecal flora balance was not as good as that of Example 1.

[0076] This is due to the lack of enzyme activity of Bacillus sp., resulting in insufficient nutrient decomposition, and the survival rate of single lactic acid bacteria in the intestine is low.

[0077] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example is for chicken feed, using a basic feed containing only Bacillus licheniformis as a comparison.

[0078] The basic feed formula was the same as in Example 2. Bacillus licheniformis was aerobically cultured in LB medium at 32°C for 48 hours, and the viable cell count reached 2×10 8 CFU / mL. 140 mL of Bacillus licheniformis culture solution was sprayed onto 1 kg of basic feed, stirred evenly, and dried at 45°C to a moisture content of less than 10%.

[0079] The viable cell count of Bacillus licheniformis in the final composition was 1.5×10 8 CFU / g, no lactic acid bacteria.

[0080] The feeding test conditions were the same as in Example 2, and 60 broilers were selected as the comparative group.

[0081] The test results showed that the average body weight was 2.1 kg, the total feed consumption was 3.6 kg / bird, the survival rate was 93%, the proportion of beneficial bacteria in the intestine was 68%, and the serum IgA level was 38 mg / dL.

[0082] Compared with Example 2, the weight gain and survival rate of Comparative Example 2 were lower, the feed consumption was higher, and the immune index was not as good as that of Example 2.

[0083] This is due to the lack of acid production of lactic acid bacteria, resulting in insufficient intestinal environment regulation, and single Bacillus sp. is difficult to comprehensively inhibit harmful bacteria.

[0084] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not limit the present application. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalently replaced, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A livestock feed composition comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, characterized in that: The composition comprises a basal feed, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, wherein the lactic acid bacteria are selected from one or more of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum or Bifidobacterium animalis, and the bacillus is selected from one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus coagulans.

2. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to claim 1, characterized by: The basal feed comprises corn 450-650 parts, soybean meal 150-250 parts, wheat middlings 30-50 parts, vegetable oil 15-20 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 12-18 parts, sodium chloride 4-6 parts, stone powder 8-12 parts, vitamin premix 1.5-2.5 parts, and mineral premix 2.5-3.5 parts by weight.

3. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to claim 1, characterized by: The viable count of the lactic acid bacteria is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 -1×10 10 CFU / g, the viable count of the Bacillus is 1×10⁻⁶. 7 -1×10 9 CFU / g, wherein the ratio of live bacteria to live bacteria of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus is 10:1-20:

1.

4. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to claim 1, characterized by: The preparation method of the composition comprises separately culturing the lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, mixing the cultures, adding the basal feed, and drying.

5. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to claim 4, characterized by: The lactic acid bacteria are cultured anaerobically in MRS medium at 35-39℃ for 36-72 hours, and the bacillus is cultured aerobically in LB medium at 28-32℃ for 24-48 hours.

6. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to claim 4, characterized by: When the cultures are mixed, the volume ratio of lactic acid bacteria culture to bacillus culture is 2:1-3:1, the drying temperature is 35-45℃, and the moisture content is less than 10-15%.

7. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to claim 1, characterized by: The composition is suitable for pig feeding, comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis, for improving daily weight gain and feed conversion rate.

8. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to claim 1, characterized by: The composition is suitable for chicken feeding, comprising Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus licheniformis, for improving survival rate and immune indicators.

9. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to claim 1, characterized by: The composition is suitable for cattle feeding, comprising Bifidobacterium animalis and Bacillus coagulans, and further comprising a source of crude fiber 50-150 parts for regulating rumen fermentation.

10. A feed composition for livestock and poultry comprising lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The composition improves the intestinal health and growth performance of livestock and poultry through feeding.

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