Cyperus esculentus silage as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses cyperus esculentus silage as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to the technical field of silage, and aims to solve the problem that the silage based on cyperus esculentus and a preparation method thereof are lacked in the prior art. The technical key point of the invention comprises the following steps: mixing an ensiling raw material with a compound bacterial agent to obtain a fermentation substrate, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the fermentation substrate, and collecting a fermentation product to obtain the cyperus esculentus ensiling feed, the silage raw materials are naturally mature pretreated cyperus esculentus stems and leaves; active components of the compound bacterial agent are lactobacillus casei LAGL-01 and cellulase, the lactobacillus casei LAGL-01 is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the preservation number of the lactobacillus casei LAGL-01 is CCTCC No: M 2023638. The quality of the cyperus esculentus silage is improved, and the economic benefits of farmers can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of silage, in particular to a cyperus esculentus silage as well as a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Silage is a kind of roughage obtained by cutting green forage under anaerobic conditions and inhibiting the propagation of various bacteria through the fermentation of anaerobic lactic acid bacteria. Silage has an acid and fragrant smell, is soft and juicy, has good palatability, is rich in nutrients, and is conducive to long-term preservation, and is a good source of livestock feed.

[0003] Cyperus esculentus has a large aboveground stem and leaf biomass, is rich in crude fiber, and has good palatability, and is a natural forage grass resource. The stems and leaves thereof can be directly made into green forage, hay, or silage, and are suitable for herbivorous animals and livestock and poultry such as pigs and geese. The stems and leaves of cyperus esculentus are rich in starch and sugar, with a starch content of 25%-40% and a sugar content of 15%-20%. Cyperus esculentus has high yield and grows fast, with a yield of 3,000 kg of fresh grass and 600-1,000 kg of dry fruit per mu. Further development of the utilization mode of the stems and leaves for forage can expand the economic benefits of cyperus esculentus and promote the rapid development of the cyperus esculentus industry.

[0004] The prior art generally uses exogenous lactic acid bacteria to improve silage quality. The patent document with publication number CN115702668A discloses a method for mixing and silaging cyperus esculentus stems and leaves and rape straw, and the fermentation product obtained by fermenting the cyperus esculentus stems and leaves with a complex bacterial agent containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri as active ingredients has the characteristics of low pH value, a large number of lactic acid bacteria, no mold, and low contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. Different lactic acid bacteria additives have different fermentation effects. The patent document with publication number CN118853445A discloses a Lactobacillus casei strain and its application. The Lactobacillus casei strain LAGL-01 is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, and the preservation number is CCTCC M 2023638. The Lactobacillus casei can produce lactic acid and inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and can be used for fermentation feed. However, it only discloses that the Lactobacillus casei can be used for straw silage fermentation and the influence on mycotoxins, and the fermentation characteristics of different silage materials are not the same, and its effect on cyperus esculentus forage silage is unknown. In summary, the prior art still needs to explore more preparation methods for cyperus esculentus forage silage based on lactic acid bacterial agent fermentation. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is:

[0006] The prior art lacks a Cyperus esculentus silage and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] The present application employs the technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0008] The present application provides a preparation method of Cyperus esculentus silage, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Mixing the silage raw material with the compound microbial agent to obtain a fermentation substrate, and performing anaerobic fermentation on the fermentation substrate to collect fermentation products to obtain the Cyperus esculentus silage;

[0010] The silage raw material is naturally matured pretreated Cyperus esculentus stems and leaves;

[0011] The active ingredients of the compound microbial agent are Lactobacillus casei LAGL-01 and cellulase, and the Lactobacillus casei LAGL-01 is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with a preservation number of CCTCC No: M2023638.

[0012] Further, the compound microbial agent further comprises molasses.

[0013] Further, the mass content of the molasses, the Lactobacillus casei and the cellulase in the compound microbial agent is 2%, 0.3% and 0.5%.

[0014] Further, the anaerobic fermentation is performed at a temperature of 20-25℃; and / or, the fermentation time is 30-60 days.

[0015] The present application further provides a compound microbial agent, wherein the active ingredients of the compound microbial agent are the Lactobacillus casei, with a preservation number of CCTCC No: M2023638, and the mass content of the molasses, the Lactobacillus casei and the cellulase in the compound microbial agent is 2%, 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively.

[0016] The Cyperus esculentus silage prepared by the preparation method of the Cyperus esculentus silage also belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

[0017] The present application further provides a Cyperus esculentus silage, which is composed of the compound microbial agent and Cyperus esculentus silage raw material.

[0018] The application of the Cyperus esculentus silage and the compound microbial agent in the preparation of animal feed also belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present application adds the compound microbial agent and cellulase to the Cyperus esculentus stems and leaves for fermentation, so that the silage has high acid production efficiency and can significantly increase the content of lactic acid and acetic acid in the Cyperus esculentus silage.

[0021] The oil palm feed silage of the application has significantly improved dry matter content and crude protein content, and improved feed nutritional quality and fermentation quality.

[0022] The lactic acid bacteria in the oil palm feed silage of the application is the dominant flora, inhibits harmful bacteria, improves the quality of the oil palm feed silage, and helps to improve the economic benefits of breeders. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the application, the exemplary embodiments or examples of the application will be described in the following. Obviously, the described embodiments or examples are only a part of the embodiments or examples of the application, not all. Based on the embodiments or examples in the application, all other embodiments or examples obtained by the person skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0024] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The oil palm in this embodiment is selected from the oil palm stems and leaves planted in the experimental base of the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the oil palm stems and leaves are cut into small pieces of 2-3 cm after harvesting.

[0027] Preparation of additives: molasses: 2% addition, Lactobacillus casei LAGL-01 (2 x 10 9 CFU / g) 0.3% addition, cellulase (1 x 10 4 U / g) 0.5% addition.

[0028] Fresh oil palm stems and leaves are divided into 5 groups according to spraying different additives: CK (control group: distilled water), CL1 (2% molasses), CL2 (2% molasses + 0.3% Lactobacillus casei), CL3 (2% molasses + 0.5% cellulase), CL4 (2% molasses + 0.3% Lactobacillus casei + 0.5% cellulase), After stirring evenly, the raw materials are quickly filled in 28cm*40cm polyethylene bags, 1kg per bag, 60 bags in total, vacuum sealed using a vacuum sealing machine, labeled and stored at room temperature in the dark. Open the bag at 30 days, 45 days and 60 days for related index determination, and the results of the nutritional ingredient content and fermentation quality of the oil palm stems and leaves at 0 days are shown in Table 3.

[0029] 1. Sensory evaluation

[0030] The obtained silage samples of each group were evaluated according to the sensory evaluation standard of silage established by DLG in 1899, and the odor, structure and color of the silage were evaluated respectively according to the sensory evaluation standard of silage (as shown in Table 1), and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0031] Table 1 Sensory evaluation standard of silage (DLG

[0032]

[0033] Table 2

[0034]

[0035] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the blank control group, the experimental groups 1-4 have weak odor, better aroma and better stem structure, and the sensory quality of the Cyperus esculentus silage can be obtained after 60 days.

[0036] 2. Nutrient content determination:

[0037] On the 30th day and the 60th day, 60 g of Cyperus esculentus stem and leaf silage samples were taken out of the bag and dried in a drying oven to constant temperature, and the dry matter content of each group was determined. The determination method refers to GB / T6435-2006. At the same time, the raw materials after drying of each group were mixed and sieved, and the contents of crude protein and crude fat were determined by Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, and the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were determined by the method of VAN [1] , et al., and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0038] 3. Fermentation quality determination:

[0039] 20 g of Cyperus esculentus stem and leaf of 30 days and 60 days were weighed respectively, 180 ml of distilled water was added, stirred and mixed, filtered twice, and the pH value of the filtrate was determined. The contents of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), lactic acid and acetic acid were determined by taking the filtrate, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[0040] 4. Microbial determination:

[0041] The microbial quantity of Cyperus esculentus stem and leaf silage samples of 30 days, 45 days and 60 days was determined respectively, including lactic acid bacteria, aerobic bacteria and yeast. 20 g of Cyperus esculentus stem and leaf silage sample was accurately weighed and put into a conical flask, Nacl was added and shaken, and the bacterial liquid was diluted according to the concentration gradient of 10 2 , 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 , 10 6 dilution, lactic acid bacteria were cultured using MRS medium, and potato glucose agar PDA medium was used, and the specific operation method refers to the "National Food Safety Standard Food Microbiology Test Lactic Acid Bacteria Test and Yeast Counting", and the results are shown in Table 6.

[0042] Table 3 Nutrient content and fermentation quality of Cyperus esculentus stem and leaf (fresh sample)

[0043]

[0044] Table 4 Influence of molasses, Lactobacillus casei and cellulase compound bacterial agent on nutrient content of Cyperus esculentus stem and leaf

[0045]

[0046] Note: The same column data with different lowercase letters represent significant difference (P<0.05), and the same or no letters represent no significant difference (P>0.05). The following table is the same.

[0047] As shown in Table 4, compared with the blank control, the crude protein content, dry matter content and neutral detergent fiber content of the Cyperus esculentus silage in the experimental groups 1-4 are significantly increased, the acid detergent fiber content and crude fat content are reduced, and the quality of the Cyperus esculentus silage is significantly improved.

[0048] Table 5 Influence of molasses, Lactobacillus casei and cellulase compound bacterial agent on fermentation quality of Cyperus esculentus stem and leaf

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 5, compared with the blank control, the pH of the Cyperus esculentus silage in the experimental groups 1-4 is significantly reduced, the lactic acid content is significantly increased, and the ammonia nitrogen content is significantly reduced. It can be seen that the Cyperus esculentus silage of the present application has lower pH and ammonia nitrogen content, and the silage quality is better. After 60 days of silage, the organic acid content is significantly increased, the silage success rate is improved, and the quality of the Cyperus esculentus silage is improved.

[0051] Table 6 Influence of molasses, Lactobacillus casei and cellulase compound bacterial agent on fermentation microbial quantity of Cyperus esculentus stem and leaf

[0052]

[0053] As shown in Table 6, compared with the blank control, the content of lactic acid bacteria in the experimental groups 1-4 is significantly increased, and the number of yeast is reduced, so that the lactic acid bacteria become the dominant flora, inhibit the harmful bacteria in the silage, and improve the silage quality.

[0054] Although the present application is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. The person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0055] The documents cited in the present application include:

[0056] [1] VAN SOEST P J, ROBERTSONJB, LEWISBA. Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch, polysaccharides in relation toanimal, nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a silage of Cyperus esculentus, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: mixing the silage raw material with a compound microbial agent to obtain a fermentation substrate, anaerobically fermenting the fermentation substrate, and collecting the fermentation product to obtain the Cyperus esculentus silage feed; the silage raw material is naturally matured pretreated Cyperus esculentus stems and leaves; the active ingredients of the compound microbial agent are Lactobacillus casei LAGL-01 and cellulase, and the preservation number of the Lactobacillus casei LAGL-01 is CCTCC No: M 2023638.

2. The method of preparing ensiled Cyperus esculentus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent further comprises molasses.

3. The method of preparing a Cyperus esculentus silage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass content of the molasses, Lactobacillus casei and cellulase in the compound microbial agent is 2%, 0.3% and 0.5% respectively.

4. The method of preparing a Cyperus esculentus silage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anaerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 20-25°C; and / or the fermentation time is 30-60 days.

5. The Cyperus esculentus silage feed prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-4.

6. The compound microbial agent of any one of claims 1-3.

7. Use of the Cyperus esculentus silage feed of claim 5 or the compound microbial agent of claim 6 in the preparation of animal feed.

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