Long-time emergency hydrogen supply and lithium supply hybrid power generation platform

Abstract

The invention discloses a long-time emergency hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform, which comprises a fuel cell stack for generating electric energy through electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and air; the air supply subsystem provides stable airflow through an air compressor and an electric control valve, and the hydrogen supply subsystem realizes hydrogen circulation through a hydrogen storage tank and a reflux pump; the thermal management system is used for controlling the temperature of the fuel cell stack through a water pump and a radiator based on liquid water circulation and dynamically adjusting water flow through a thermostat and a main radiator; the power electronic system activates the fuel cell stack and the lithium battery to work cooperatively through the FCU, monitors the state of the fuel cell stack in real time, and adjusts the cooling efficiency; the control and data monitoring system collects temperature, pressure and voltage parameters in real time through multiple sensors. According to the invention, through collaborative optimization of hydrogen energy and lithium batteries and key equipment innovation, an efficient, reliable and zero-carbon distributed energy system is constructed, and technical support is provided for research of long-time emergency supply insurance power generation vehicles.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of fuel cell power generation system integration, and in particular to a long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional emergency power supply systems mainly rely on diesel generators or gas turbines, which have problems such as high carbon emissions, loud noise and complex operation and maintenance. In particular, in the scene of frequent extreme weather and unstable power supply, the traditional scheme is difficult to meet the long-time (more than 24 hours) and high-reliability power supply demand. Although the static emergency power supply system of the gas turbine has been improved to a certain extent, it still cannot get rid of the dependence on fossil fuels, and there are still deficiencies in system response speed and power quality. In the emergency power supply scene of important places such as remote areas, islands and data centers, the environmental friendliness and sustainability of the traditional scheme also face severe challenges.

[0003] Hydrogen energy, as an ideal energy storage medium, can realize large-scale and long-period storage of renewable energy, and realize flexible conversion of 'electricity-hydrogen-electricity' through fuel cells or hydrogen internal combustion engines. In order to promote the flexibility of a 100kW hydrogen-lithium hybrid system, it is combined with a traditional vehicle for convenient movement, can smooth renewable energy fluctuations, and can provide frequency modulation, backup and other auxiliary services for the power grid, which is an important technical support for building a new power system.

[0004] Single energy technology cannot meet multiple requirements such as long-time energy storage, high-power output and fast response. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have high efficiency, but have high cost and limited power density; lithium ion batteries have high power density and fast charging and discharging characteristics, but have limited energy density and decay problems.

[0005] Therefore, the hybrid system combining the two can realize complementary advantages - lithium batteries can respond to short-term power fluctuations and instantaneous heavy load demand, and hydrogen energy systems can provide long-time energy support, which can improve the overall system efficiency and better meet the demand for long-time emergency power supply. SUMMARY

[0006] The problem to be solved by the application is to provide a long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform, which can realize efficient, reliable and zero-carbon distributed energy system through the synergistic optimization of hydrogen energy and lithium batteries and the innovation of key equipment, and provide technical support for the research of long-time emergency power supply generator cars.

[0007] The application adopts the following technical scheme: a long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform, comprising: a fuel cell stack, a gas supply system, a thermal management system, a power electronic system, a control and data monitoring system.

[0008] The fuel cell stack includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack (hereinafter referred to as the stack) for generating electricity, which generates electricity through electrochemical reactions of hydrogen and air.

[0009] The gas supply system includes a hydrogen supply subsystem and an air supply subsystem; the air supply subsystem provides stable air flow through an air compressor and an electric regulating valve, the hydrogen supply subsystem circulates hydrogen using a hydrogen storage tank and a reflux pump, and preheats hydrogen through a plate heat exchanger to optimize reaction efficiency.

[0010] The thermal management system controls the temperature of the fuel cell stack based on the circulation of liquid water through a water pump and a radiator, dynamically adjusts water flow according to temperature sensor data through a thermostat and a main radiator, and provides auxiliary heating through a PTC heater during low-temperature startup.

[0011] The power electronic system activates the fuel cell stack and lithium battery to work together through the FCU, monitors the state of the fuel cell stack in real time through the CVM module and the EIS module, adjusts the cooling efficiency through the radiator PDU and the ECU, ensures safety through the hydrogen leakage detector and the safety valve, and supports vehicle mobility through the MCU driving the power motor.

[0012] The electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack is converted into alternating current through the vehicle PDU in the power electronic system after being boosted by the DC / DC converter, and is distributed to the DC / AC inverter according to the load change to adjust the energy distribution, supply external load or transmit to the power grid.

[0013] The control and data monitoring system collects temperature, pressure and voltage parameters in real time through multiple sensors, and adjusts the operation of the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air supply subsystem according to the load demand.

[0014] Preferably, in the air supply subsystem, air enters from the air inlet pipeline, passes through the air filter to remove dust and purify, enters the air compressor for pressure boosting, passes through the intercooler to preheat the air entering the stack using the stack waste heat, and adjusts the air flow entering the stack through the air flow electric regulating valve; and sets an air back pressure valve at the stack air outlet to adjust the air pressure in the stack, and after noise reduction through the air exhaust silencer, it is discharged to the environment.

[0015] Preferably, in the hydrogen supply subsystem, a hydrogen storage tank containing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen is connected to a high-pressure hydrogen solenoid valve for emergency gas shut-off, and is connected to a hydrogen proportional regulating valve group for primary pressure reduction. After passing through the pressure reducing valve, the hydrogen enters the hydrogen safety valve and mixes with the hydrogen at the fuel cell stack outlet, then enters the hydrogen ejector to complete hydrogen recycling. Before entering the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen passes through a plate heat exchanger to exchange heat with the stack cooling water. After the reaction is completed in the stack, excess hydrogen is discharged from the stack outlet to the gas-water separator. A nitrogen and hydrogen venting valve is also provided to quickly release hydrogen in the pipeline in an emergency.

[0016] Preferably, in the hydrogen supply subsystem, the gas-water separator is used to separate hydrogen and anode water from the fuel cell stack. The separated hydrogen is re-entered into the ejector through a one-way valve and a reflux pump to participate in the circulation. The separated water enters the mixing chamber through a drain and hydrogen discharge valve to mix with the air at the fuel cell stack outlet, and the anode separated water is directly carried out at the fuel cell stack air outlet.

[0017] Preferably, in the thermal management system, the heat transfer medium is liquid water, which is heated by a PTC heater, enters a water filter to remove impurities, and then mixes with water from the air intercooler before entering the fuel cell stack.

[0018] In the thermal management subsystem, the fuel cell outlet water is pressurized and its flow rate is increased by a water pump before entering the thermostat to regulate the water flow path.

[0019] One end of the thermostat outlet enters the PTC heater, one end enters the deionizer, one end enters the hydrogen plate heat exchanger to increase the temperature of hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack, and one end enters the main radiator to reduce the cooling water temperature.

[0020] One end of the main radiator outlet flows into the deionized water filter, and the other end connects to the kettle to form a communication device for observing the water storage in the thermal management subsystem pipeline.

[0021] Preferably, the power electronic system comprises: an Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) module for fuel cell state inspection; a Power dispatch unit (PDU) high-voltage distribution box for stack sensor power supply and safety protection relay integration; a DC / DC boost converter for stack voltage boosting; a Cell voltage Monition (CVM) module for fuel cell state monitoring; a hydrogen leakage detector; a radiator PDU and a radiator Electrical control unit (ECU) for thermostat control; a PDU for vehicle power distribution; a high-voltage lithium battery and its Battery management system (BMS) for vehicle power recovery and energy storage; a Motor control unit (MCU) and a power motor for driving the vehicle; a DC / AC inverter and a grid-connected interface for emergency power supply; a 24V direct current line (DCL) for vehicle sensors, controllers, and execution structure work; a Fieldbus control system (FCS); a 24V small lead-acid battery for fault protection and uninterrupted power supply of sensors, controllers, and execution structure; a Fuel cell control unit (FCU) for the whole vehicle; fault diagnosis software for the host computer; a module for signal conversion of the system FCU to CAN; a 24V low-voltage distribution box; and an FCU power supply module providing 24V, 12V, and 5V DC voltage power supply for the system.

[0022] Preferably, in the control and data monitoring system, the sensors comprise: a liquid level monitoring sensor of the water storage tank, an air inlet temperature and pressure sensor, an air flow regulating valve, an air compressor MCU, an air back pressure temperature sensor, a hydrogen pressure sensor after pressure reduction, a hydrogen inlet stack temperature sensor, a hydrogen backflow pump MCU, a stack inlet and outlet temperature sensor, and a main radiator outlet water temperature sensor.

[0023] The sensor data is transmitted to the FCU through the FCU signal acquisition and output module, and the FCU adjusts the operation of the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air supply subsystem according to the load demand.

[0024] Preferably, in the control and data monitoring system, the hydrogen supply subsystem inertizes the hydrogen pipeline by nitrogen, and the hydrogen safety valve comprises three paths for on-off, when the stack needs to be shut down due to failure, the hydrogen safety valve directly connects the mixed gas chamber and bypasses the stack.

[0025] Preferably, considering the dynamic response delay of the fuel cell, the instantaneous power support capability of the lithium battery, and the safety redundancy mechanism, the startup process of the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S1: System self-test and pre-start preparation. Before startup, the hydrogen pipeline is inertized with nitrogen and the entire pipeline is tested for air tightness using a hydrogen leak detector to ensure that the hydrogen concentration is below the lower explosive limit. Liquid cooling water is heated to 60°C by a PTC heater and then enters the fuel cell stack. Hydrogen is preheated to above 40°C simultaneously through a plate heat exchanger.

[0027] Step S2: Power the FCU and BMS modules with a 24V lead-acid battery and complete the status calibration of each sensor via the CAN bus.

[0028] Step S3.1: The air compressor supplies air at 30% of its rated value, and the electric regulating valve controls the air flow to 15% to 20% of the rated value to avoid compressor surge and reduce sudden pressure changes inside the fuel cell stack.

[0029] In step S3.2, the hydrogen storage tank is depressurized to 0.5MPa through the proportional regulating valve group, the hydrogen ejector initially establishes circulation, and the anode drain valve is periodically opened to discharge the initial condensate.

[0030] Step S4: The CVM module monitors the voltage of individual cells in real time. If more than 80% of the individual cell voltages reach 0.6V within 10 seconds, the cell stack activation is completed, and the load is gradually increased to 20% of the rated power.

[0031] Step S5: During fuel cell startup, the BMS module controls the lithium battery to discharge at a 3C rate, covering stack preheating, air compressor power consumption, and load requirements.

[0032] Step S6: If the fuel cell starts abnormally, switch to lithium battery power supply mode and trigger emergency gas cut-off of hydrogen storage tank via FCS bus.

[0033] Step S7: After the fuel cell reaches 30% of its rated power, the EIS module is activated to detect the stack impedance spectrum and dynamically adjust the hydrogen circulation pump speed and the air compressor back pressure valve opening based on the equivalent circuit model.

[0034] Step S8: When the output power of the fuel cell exceeds the load demand, the DC / DC converter will replenish the lithium battery with redundant power in a 0.3C constant current mode, and the upper limit of the state of charge is set to 80%.

[0035] Step S9: Control the main radiator to automatically switch the water flow path according to the fuel cell outlet water temperature. During high temperature periods, activate the mixing chamber for evaporative drainage. In low temperature environments, link the PTC heater to maintain the fuel cell temperature gradient.

[0036] Preferably, the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform is powered in three modes: grid-connected power supply mode, off-grid power supply mode and vehicle driving mode.

[0037] In the grid-connected power supply mode, the energy flow priority is: when the power grid is at the bottom, the lithium battery energy storage is used more than hydrogen energy utilization; when the power grid is at the peak, the lithium battery is preferentially charged and the fuel cell is in an idle state.

[0038] In the off-grid power supply mode, for emergency power supply process, according to the user electric load variation, the lithium battery is preferentially used for energy supply, and then the hydrogen energy is used as the main part.

[0039] In the vehicle driving mode, for energy distribution in the vehicle driving process, the fuel cell is preferentially used for power supply, and the lithium battery power is reserved for emergency demand.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform has the following technical effects:

[0041] 1. The hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform of the application, through the synergistic optimization of hydrogen energy and lithium battery and the innovation of key equipment, constructs a high-efficiency, reliable and zero-carbon distributed energy system, which ensures efficient, reliable and zero-carbon energy supply through the synergistic work of each system, and provides important technical support for emergency power supply demand.

[0042] 2. The hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform of the application can be used as a distributed energy system in grid-connected mode to flexibly respond to power grid dispatching demand; in island operation mode, it can adjust the power of the vehicle bus according to the user load fluctuation by using second-level, hierarchical and time-level control strategies, and has excellent emergency power supply capacity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Figure 1 The hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform topology for long-time emergency power supply of the application;

[0044] Figure 2 The hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform profile and interaction mode with the power grid of the application;

[0045] Figure 3 The hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation system startup mode proposed in the embodiment of the application;

[0046] Figure 4 The energy management mode of the whole vehicle PDU of the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation system in the embodiment of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical scheme of the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments involved in the present application. All non-innovative embodiments of other researchers in the field on the basis of the embodiments belong to the protection scope of the present application. At the same time, the step numbers in the embodiments are only set for the convenience of description and explanation, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0048] Embodiment one:

[0049] In order to realize the zero-carbon power generation demand of long-time emergency power supply, the present embodiment provides a long-time emergency hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform, the structure of which is shown in Figure 1 The system includes a fuel cell stack, a gas supply system, a thermal management system, a power electronic system, and a control and data monitoring system, which work together to ensure efficient, reliable, and zero-carbon energy supply.

[0050] Specifically, the fuel cell stack used in the present embodiment has a rated power of 100kW, which serves as the core power generation equipment. Through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and air, it generates electric energy and is suitable for long-time emergency power supply scenarios. After being boosted by a DC / DC converter, it is connected to the DC bus of the whole vehicle.

[0051] The gas supply system is divided into a hydrogen supply subsystem and an air supply subsystem.

[0052] In the air supply subsystem, air enters through an air inlet pipeline and is purified by an air filter to remove dust. The air is then pressurized by an air compressor to an appropriate pressure. The pressurized air passes through an intercooler, which uses the waste heat from the stack to preheat the air to improve reaction efficiency.

[0053] The air flow is precisely controlled by an electric regulating valve, and a back pressure valve is installed at the air outlet of the stack to regulate the internal pressure. The exhaust gas is discharged to the environment after being reduced in noise by an exhaust silencer.

[0054] In the hydrogen supply subsystem, 8x240L tanks are used to store 70Mpa high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. An emergency gas cutoff function is realized by a high-pressure solenoid valve. The hydrogen gas is reduced in pressure by a proportional regulating valve group, then enters a safety valve, mixes with the circulating hydrogen gas at the outlet of the stack, and is recycled by an ejector.

[0055] Before entering the stack, the hydrogen gas is heat-exchanged with cooling water in a plate heat exchanger to optimize the temperature. After the stack reaction, the excess hydrogen gas enters a steam-water separator. The separated hydrogen gas is recycled by a one-way valve and a return pump, and the separated water is discharged into the mixing chamber through a drain valve, mixed with high-temperature air, and discharged. To improve safety, the system is equipped with a nitrogen and hydrogen discharge valve to quickly release the hydrogen gas in the pipeline in an emergency.

[0056] The thermal management system uses liquid water as the heat conduction medium to ensure the stable operation temperature of the stack. After being heated by the PTC heater, the water flows through the water filter to remove impurities, mixes with the intercooler water, and then enters the stack. The water outlet of the stack is pressurized by the water pump and enters the thermostat. The thermostat distributes the water flow according to the temperature: part of it returns to the PTC heater, part of it enters the deionizer, part of it raises the hydrogen temperature, and part of it passes through the main radiator to cool down. The outlet water of the radiator converges with the deionized water to the filter, and is connected with the water kettle through the communicating vessel, which is convenient for monitoring the water quantity.

[0057] After being heated by the PTC heater, the liquid cooling water enters the stack, absorbs the reaction heat, and is pressurized by the water pump to be delivered to the thermostat. The thermostat dynamically distributes the water flow path according to the temperature: part of it returns to the heater to maintain the temperature, part of it enters the main radiator to cool down, and another part passes through the plate heat exchanger to preheat the hydrogen. The system is provided with a communicating vessel type water kettle to monitor the water quantity in real time, and a deionizer to maintain the water quality, so as to ensure that the stack temperature is stably maintained in the optimal temperature range.

[0058] The power electronic system includes: EIS for stack state inspection; PDU, integrated sensor power supply and protection relay; DC / DC booster converter, which raises the stack output voltage to the DC bus, and is connected in parallel with the lithium ion battery to output 380V AC power through the DC / AC inverter; CVM module, which monitors the stack state; hydrogen leakage detector; radiator PDU and ECU, which control the thermostat; vehicle PDU, which distributes power; high-voltage lithium battery and BMS, which realize power recovery and energy storage; MCU and power motor, which drive the vehicle; DC / AC inverter and grid-connected interface, which support emergency power supply; 24V DCL and FCS, which support sensor and controller operation; 24V lead-acid storage battery, which provides fault protection and uninterrupted power supply; FCU and host computer diagnosis software, which process signals and faults; FCU power distribution module, which provides 24V, 12V and 5V voltages.

[0059] The control and data monitoring system includes: water tank level sensor, air inlet temperature and pressure sensor, air flow regulating valve, air compressor MCU, air back pressure temperature sensor, hydrogen pressure reducing pressure sensor, hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, hydrogen backflow pump MCU, stack inlet and outlet temperature sensor, main radiator outlet water temperature sensor, and FCU signal acquisition module.

[0060] In addition, the hydrogen supply subsystem of the embodiment adopts nitrogen inertization treatment of the hydrogen pipeline, and the hydrogen safety valve has a three-way on-off function. When the stack fails to stop, the safety valve is connected to the mixed gas chamber to bypass the stack to ensure safety.

[0061] Further, the long-time emergency hydrogen-lithium hybrid power supply platform of the embodiment can be used for grid-connected mode and off-grid mode emergency power supply.

[0062] In grid-connected mode, such as Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform, as a distributed energy system, can flexibly respond to grid dispatch needs. Through the vehicle's PDU and MCU, combined with highly responsive lithium-ion batteries, the platform can quickly respond to grid power fluctuations, providing ancillary services such as frequency regulation and peak shaving, smoothing out intermittent fluctuations in renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, and providing continuous backup capacity to the grid through fuel cell system power generation.

[0063] In addition, the energy system supports energy feedback. The high-voltage lithium battery used for vehicle energy recovery can store excess electrical energy or feed it back to the grid, optimizing energy utilization efficiency. When the grid frequency drops to a certain level due to fluctuations in renewable energy, the energy system senses the frequency deviation in real time through the grid connection interface and prioritizes the use of lithium batteries to smooth out the fluctuations at peak power in a short period of time. Subsequently, the fuel cell gradually increases its output to 80% of its rated power to maintain continuous power supply and recharge the battery in reverse.

[0064] In off-grid mode, the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform operates in isolation, demonstrating exceptional emergency power supply capabilities. When the grid fails or there is no grid support in remote areas, the platform quickly switches to independent power supply mode via a DC / AC inverter, providing a stable AC power supply to the load. The lithium battery handles system startup or peak load demands, ensuring long-term power supply. The control and data monitoring system uses multiple sensors to collect parameters such as temperature, pressure, and voltage in real time, ensuring stable operation of the system under high loads or extreme environments.

[0065] It is particularly important to note that the start-up mode design of the long-term emergency hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform in this embodiment needs to comprehensively consider the dynamic response delay of the fuel cell, the instantaneous power support capability of the lithium battery, and the system safety redundancy mechanism. The process is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0066] Step S1: In order to perform system self-test and pre-start preparation, the hydrogen pipeline is inertized with nitrogen before startup, and the airtightness of the entire pipeline is tested using a hydrogen leak detector to ensure that the hydrogen concentration is below the lower explosive limit; liquid cooling water is heated to 60°C by a PTC heater and then enters the fuel cell stack; hydrogen is preheated to above 40°C simultaneously through a plate heat exchanger.

[0067] Step S2: The 24V lead-acid battery powers the control modules such as FCU and BMS, and completes the status calibration of each sensor through the CAN bus.

[0068] Step S3.1: The air compressor supplies air at 30% of its rated value, and the electric regulating valve controls the air flow to 15% to 20% of the rated value to avoid compressor surge and reduce sudden pressure changes inside the fuel cell stack.

[0069] Step S3.2, the hydrogen storage tank is reduced to 0.5 MPa by a proportional regulating valve group, the hydrogen ejector initially establishes a cycle, and the anode drain valve is periodically opened to discharge initial condensed water;

[0070] Step S4, the CVM module monitors the single cell voltage in real time, if more than 80% of the single cell voltage reaches 0.6V within 10 seconds, it is determined that the stack activation is completed, and the load is gradually increased to 20% of the rated power;

[0071] Step S5, during the fuel cell starting period, the BMS controls the lithium battery to discharge at a rate of 3C, covering the stack preheating, air compressor power consumption and load demand, to ensure that the system voltage fluctuation is ≤±5%;

[0072] Step S6, if the fuel cell starts abnormally (such as single cell voltage imbalance > 0.3V), immediately switch to lithium battery full power supply mode, and trigger the hydrogen storage tank emergency gas cut through the FCS bus;

[0073] Step S7, after the fuel cell reaches 30% of the rated power, the EIS module is started to detect the impedance spectrum of the stack, and the hydrogen circulation pump speed and air compressor back pressure valve opening degree are dynamically adjusted based on the equivalent circuit model, so that the system efficiency is increased to ≥48%;

[0074] Step S8, when the fuel cell output power exceeds the load demand, the DC / DC converter will supply redundant power to the lithium battery in a 0.3C constant current mode, and the upper limit of the state of charge is set to 80%;

[0075] Step S9, the main radiator is controlled to automatically switch the water flow path according to the stack outlet water temperature as the target 65±2℃, and the mixed gas chamber is used to evaporate and drain water during high temperature period, and the PTC heater is used to maintain the temperature gradient of the stack in low temperature environment.

[0076] Further, the power supply of the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform in this embodiment is divided into three types: grid-connected power supply, off-grid power supply and vehicle driving mode. As shown in Figure 4 , the energy management process of the hybrid power system in the three modes is disclosed.

[0077] Specifically, in the grid-connected power supply mode, the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform power electronic system synchronously runs parameters with the grid dispatching center through the CAN bus, and triggers the safety self-checking program. The system collects the grid frequency deviation, bus voltage fluctuation rate and lithium battery SOC state in real time, receives the AGC frequency modulation instruction through the FCS bus. When the frequency drop is detected, the lithium battery suppresses the fluctuation at a rate of 3C within 200ms, covering the high frequency disturbance of the grid-connected signal; after 5 seconds, the fuel cell is increased to 80% of the rated power at a slope of ≤5kW / s, replacing the lithium battery load and charging in reverse, to ensure stable output of low frequency base load.

[0078] At start-up, the control and data monitoring system collects real-time data through water tank level sensors, air inlet temperature and pressure sensors, etc. The FCU adjusts the operation of the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air supply subsystem according to the load demand. Hydrogen is recycled from the hydrogen storage tank through the pressure reducing valve and the ejector, and air is pressurized by the compressor and preheated by the intercooler before entering the stack to generate electricity.

[0079] The electricity generated by the stack is first boosted in voltage by the DC / DC converter and distributed by the PDU. Lithium batteries provide rapid grid frequency regulation or burst peak load under instantaneous high load demand, while the stack maintains stable output to ensure long-term energy supply. The DC / AC inverter of the power electronic subsystem converts direct current into alternating current and delivers electricity to the grid through the grid-connected interface.

[0080] At the same time, the high-pressure lithium battery for vehicle power recovery stores excess electricity during braking or low load, which can be selectively fed back to the grid or used later.

[0081] The thermal management system controls the stack temperature through liquid water circulation, and the PTC heater and main radiator dynamically adjust the water flow according to the temperature sensor data to ensure efficient operation of the stack.

[0082] The energy management core is the optimized scheduling of the vehicle PDU, combined with BMS and MCU, to realize grid auxiliary services such as peak shaving and backup capacity support, while stabilizing renewable energy fluctuations. When the grid is normal, the system prefers to use grid electricity to reduce hydrogen consumption and enhance economic efficiency. If an anomaly is detected, the FCU quickly switches to a safe mode through the hydrogen safety valve and nitrogen / hydrogen exhaust valve, bypassing the stack and releasing pipeline hydrogen to ensure system stability.

[0083] Specifically, in off-grid mode, the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform can adjust the power of the vehicle bus according to user load fluctuations using second-level, minute-level, and hour-level control strategies. Backup mode is suitable for scenarios where the grid fails or there is no grid support, and the platform switches to island operation to focus on long-term emergency power supply.

[0084] At start-up, the FCU activates the fuel cell stack and lithium battery to work together, and the gas supply subsystem responds quickly. The air supply subsystem provides stable airflow through the air compressor and electric regulating valve, and the hydrogen supply subsystem uses the hydrogen storage tank and recirculation pump to realize hydrogen circulation, and the plate heat exchanger preheats hydrogen to optimize reaction efficiency.

[0085] The electricity generated by the stack is first boosted in voltage by the DC / DC converter and distributed by the PDU. Lithium batteries provide rapid grid frequency regulation or burst peak load under instantaneous high load demand, while the stack maintains stable output to ensure long-term energy supply. The DC / AC inverter of the power electronic subsystem converts direct current into alternating current and delivers electricity to the grid through the grid-connected interface.

[0086] The thermal management system dynamically adjusts the cooling water flow through the thermostat and the main radiator to maintain the stack operating temperature in the range of 60-80°C, and the PTC heater provides auxiliary heating when starting at low temperature.

[0087] The CVM module of the power electronic subsystem and the EIS module monitor the stack status in real time, and the hydrogen leakage detector ensures safety. The vehicle PDU adjusts energy distribution according to load changes, and the MCU drives the motor to support vehicle maneuverability, facilitating transfer to emergency locations. If the hydrogen or electricity is insufficient, the FCU analyzes through the CAN signal conversion module and the host computer diagnostic software, and preferentially reduces the power of non-critical loads to extend the power supply time.

[0088] Further, the hydrogen energy power generation vehicle in this embodiment participates in the bus power distribution process of the vehicle during driving. In vehicle driving mode, the vehicle moves to consume electricity, and the platform can balance mobility and energy supply, suitable for remote areas or post-disaster rescue scenarios.

[0089] At startup, the FCU coordinates the fuel cell stack and high-voltage lithium battery to drive the motor through the MCU to realize vehicle driving. The gas supply subsystem provides stable fuel, and air after filtration and compression reacts with circulating hydrogen in the stack to generate electricity.

[0090] The electrical energy is boosted by the DC / DC converter, and the PDU distributes part of the energy to the MCU and the motor to drive the vehicle, while the remaining electrical energy supports external emergency loads through the DC / AC inverter. The lithium battery provides instantaneous high power for acceleration or climbing, and the stack maintains stable energy for cruising or long-distance driving.

[0091] The BMS module monitors the lithium battery status and dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging strategy to recover braking energy and store it in the lithium battery. The thermal management system controls the stack temperature through the water pump and radiator, and the thermostat optimizes the water flow path according to the vehicle sensor data to ensure power and heat balance.

[0092] The radiator PDU of the power electronic subsystem and the ECU adjust the cooling efficiency, and the hydrogen leakage detector and safety valve ensure safety during travel. The FCU supports sensor and controller operation through the FCS and 24V DC wiring, and the 24V lead-acid battery provides backup power. When the load increases, the system preferentially uses the stack output, and the lithium battery acts as a buffer; if the hydrogen is depleted, switch to pure electric mode and use the lithium battery to support short-distance movement.

[0093] For the above three energy interaction processes, the energy flow priority of grid-connected mode is that when the power grid is at the bottom, the lithium battery energy storage is used more than hydrogen energy utilization; and when it is at the peak, the lithium battery is preferentially charged and the fuel cell unit is in an idle state. In off-grid mode, it is mostly an emergency power supply process, according to the user's electric load variation, the lithium battery is preferentially used for energy supply, and then hydrogen energy is used as the main part. For the energy distribution of the driving process of the vehicle, the fuel cell is preferentially used for power supply, and the lithium battery power is reserved for the high-power demand of the emergency process. In addition, the hydrogen energy power generation vehicle generally will not move easily. Therefore, the remaining power needs to be considered to ensure that the remaining hydrogen or power is sufficient to return to the nearest hydrogen refueling station.

[0094] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it can be understood that, for those skilled in the art, equivalent replacements or changes can be made according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present application, and all these changes or replacements shall belong to the protection scope of the claims attached to the present application.

Claims

1. A long-time emergency hydrogen-lithium mixed power supply platform, characterized in that, Comprise: Fuel cell stack, gas supply system, thermal management system, power electronic system, control and data monitoring system; The fuel cell stack comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack for generating electricity by electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and air to generate electricity; The gas supply system comprises: hydrogen supply subsystem and air supply subsystem; The air supply subsystem provides stable air flow through the air compressor and electric regulating valve, the hydrogen supply subsystem uses hydrogen storage tank and reflux pump to realize hydrogen circulation, and preheats hydrogen through plate heat exchanger to optimize reaction efficiency; The thermal management system controls the temperature of the fuel cell stack based on the circulation of liquid water through the water pump and radiator, dynamically adjusts the water flow according to the temperature sensor data through the thermostat and main radiator, and provides auxiliary heating through the PTC heater during low temperature start; The power electronic system activates the fuel cell stack and lithium battery to work together through the FCU, monitors the state of the fuel cell stack in real time through the CVM module and EIS module, adjusts the cooling efficiency through the radiator PDU and ECU, ensures safety through the hydrogen leakage detector and safety valve, and supports vehicle mobility through the MCU driven power motor; The electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack is converted into alternating current through the vehicle PDU in the power electronic system after being boosted by the DC / DC converter, and is distributed to the DC / AC inverter according to the load change to adjust the energy distribution, supply external load or transmit to the power grid; The control and data monitoring system collects temperature, pressure and voltage parameters in real time through multiple sensors, which is used to adjust the operation of the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air supply subsystem according to the load demand.

2. The long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the air supply subsystem, air enters from the air inlet pipeline, passes through the air filter for dust removal and purification, enters the air compressor for pressure increase, passes through the intercooler to recover heat from the stack waste heat to preheat the air entering the stack, and adjusts the air flow entering the stack through the air flow electric regulating valve; And an air back pressure valve is arranged at the air outlet of the stack to adjust the air pressure in the stack, and the noise is reduced through the air exhaust silencer before being discharged to the environment.

3. The long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the hydrogen supply subsystem, the hydrogen storage tank containing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen is connected with the hydrogen high-pressure electromagnetic valve for emergency gas cut-off, and is connected with the hydrogen proportional regulating valve group for primary pressure reduction; After the hydrogen passes through the pressure reducing valve, it enters the hydrogen safety valve and mixes with the hydrogen outlet from the fuel cell stack, and enters the hydrogen ejector to complete the hydrogen recycling; Before entering the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen passes through the plate heat exchanger and the stack cooling water for heat exchange, and the excess hydrogen is discharged from the stack outlet to the steam-water separator after the reaction in the stack; Nitrogen and hydrogen discharge valves are also configured to quickly release hydrogen in the pipeline in emergency situations.

4. The long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the hydrogen supply subsystem, the steam-water separator is used to separate hydrogen and stack anode water, the separated hydrogen reenters the ejector through the one-way valve and the reflux pump to participate in the circulation; The separated water enters the mixing chamber through the drain hydrogen valve and mixes with the air outlet from the stack to directly take out the anode separated water at the stack air outlet.

5. The long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat management system, the heat conducting medium is liquid water, the temperature is raised through the PTC heater, enters the water filter to remove impurities, and mixes with water from the air cooler to enter the fuel cell stack; The water pump pressurizes and increases the flow of the water outlet of the stack in the heat management subsystem, and the water enters the thermostat to adjust the water flow path; One end of the thermostat outlet enters the PTC heater, one end enters the deionizer, one end enters the hydrogen plate exchange to increase the temperature of the hydrogen entering the stack, and one end enters the main radiator to reduce the temperature of the cooling water; One end of the outlet of the main radiator and the deionized water converge to the water filter, and one end and the kettle form a communication device for observing the water storage of the heat management subsystem pipeline.

6. The long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power electronic system includes: an electrochemical impedance spectrum module for fuel cell state inspection; a power distribution unit high-voltage distribution box for integrating stack sensor power supply and safety protection relays; a DC / DC boost converter for stack voltage boost; a voltage monitoring module for fuel cell state monitoring; a hydrogen leakage detector; a radiator PDU and a radiator electronic control unit for thermostat control; a PDU for vehicle power distribution; a high-voltage lithium battery and a BMS module for vehicle power recovery and energy storage; a vehicle motor control unit and a power motor for driving the vehicle; a DC / AC inverter and a grid-connected interface for emergency power supply; 24V DC wiring for vehicle sensors, controllers, and execution structure work; field bus control system; 24V lead-acid battery for fault protection and uninterrupted power supply of sensors, controllers, and execution structure; vehicle fuel cell control unit; upper computer fault diagnosis software; conversion module for converting FCU signals to CAN; 24V low-voltage distribution box, FCU power distribution module for providing 24V, 12V, and 5V DC voltage.

7. The long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the control and data monitoring system, the sensors include: liquid level monitoring sensors of the water storage tank, air inlet temperature and pressure sensors, air flow regulating valves, air compressor MCUs, air back pressure temperature sensors, hydrogen pressure sensors after pressure reduction, hydrogen inlet stack temperature sensors, hydrogen backflow pump MCUs, stack inlet and outlet temperature sensors, and main radiator outlet water temperature sensors; The sensor data is transmitted to the FCU through the FCU signal acquisition and output module, and the FCU adjusts the operation of the hydrogen supply subsystem and the air supply subsystem according to the load demand.

8. The long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the control and data monitoring system, the hydrogen supply subsystem inertizes the hydrogen pipeline through nitrogen, and the hydrogen safety valve includes three paths that are directly connected to the mixed gas chamber and bypass the stack when the stack fails and needs to be shut down.

9. The long-time emergency power supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, Considering the dynamic response delay of the fuel cell, the instantaneous power support capacity of the lithium battery, and the safety redundancy mechanism, the hydrogen-lithium hybrid power platform startup process includes the following steps: Step S1, system self-checking and pre-starting preparation, before starting, the hydrogen pipeline is treated by nitrogen inertization, the whole pipeline air tightness is tested by using a hydrogen leakage detector, and it is ensured that the hydrogen concentration is lower than the lower limit of explosion; the liquid cooling water is heated to 60°C by the PTC heater and then enters the fuel cell stack; the hydrogen is preheated to above 40°C by the plate heat exchanger at the same time; Step S2, the FCU and the BMS module are powered by the 24V lead-acid storage battery, and the state calibration of each sensor is completed through the CAN bus; Step S3.1, the air compressor supplies air at 30% of the rated value, and the electric regulating valve controls the air flow to be 15%-20% of the rated value, so as to avoid surge of the air compressor and reduce the internal pressure difference of the stack; Step S3.2, the hydrogen storage tank is reduced to 0.5MPa by the proportional regulating valve group, the hydrogen ejector initially establishes circulation, and the anode drain valve is periodically opened to discharge the initial condensate; Step S4, the CVM module monitors the single cell voltage in real time, if more than 80% of the single cell voltage reaches 0.6V within 10 seconds, it is determined that the stack activation is completed, and the load is gradually increased to 20% of the rated power; Step S5, during the starting of the fuel cell, the BMS module controls the lithium battery to discharge at a rate of 3C, covering the preheating of the stack, the power consumption of the air compressor and the load demand; Step S6, if the fuel cell starts abnormally, switch to lithium battery power supply mode, and trigger the hydrogen storage tank emergency gas cut-off through the FCS bus; Step S7, when the fuel cell reaches 30% of the rated power, the EIS module is started to detect the impedance spectrum of the stack, and the hydrogen circulation pump speed and the air compressor back pressure valve opening degree are dynamically adjusted based on the equivalent circuit model; Step S8, when the output power of the fuel cell exceeds the load demand, the DC / DC converter supplies redundant power to the lithium battery in a constant current mode of 0.3C, and the upper limit of the state of charge is set to 80%; Step S9, the main radiator automatically switches the water flow path according to the stack outlet water temperature, the mixed gas chamber is used to evaporate and drain water during high temperature period, and the PTC heater is used to maintain the temperature gradient of the stack in low temperature environment.

10. The long-time emergency supply hydrogen-lithium hybrid power generation platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply is divided into three modes: grid-connected power supply mode, off-grid power supply mode and vehicle driving mode; In the grid-connected power supply mode, the energy flow priority is: when the power grid is at the bottom, the lithium battery energy storage is used more than hydrogen energy; when the power grid is at the peak, the lithium battery is preferentially charged and the fuel cell is in an idle state; In the off-grid power supply mode, it is an emergency power supply process, and according to the user's electrical load variation, the lithium battery is preferentially used, and then the hydrogen energy is used as the main part; In the vehicle driving mode, for energy distribution during vehicle driving, the fuel cell is preferentially used for power supply, and the lithium battery power is reserved for emergency demand.

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