Multi-family energy storage cooperative power supply system and method based on neighborhood elasticity

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-family energy storage cooperative power supply system and method based on neighborhood elasticity, and relates to the technical field of power systems and energy storage. The system comprises: a neighborhood discovery module, which is used for establishing a collaborative micro-grid when a grid fault occurs; the off-grid switching module is used for forming an island micro-grid to supply power to neighborhoods; the power supply reputation module is used for calculating a reputation integral value of each family node; the power scheduling control module is used for generating a power scheduling instruction according to the power utilization demand, the energy storage state and the reputation integral; and the grid-connected clearing module is used for automatically calculating an energy exchange clearing result after the power grid is recovered. The method correspondingly comprises the steps of networking and switching, cooperative power supply, grid connection and liquidation and the like. According to the invention, the reliability and toughness of community emergency power supply can be improved, and full-process automatic management is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of power systems and energy storage technology, in particular, to a multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system and method based on neighborhood elasticity. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the popularity of distributed energy, more and more families install photovoltaic and energy storage devices. In order to effectively integrate and dispatch these scattered distributed energy, virtual power plant technology emerges as the times require. The existing virtual power plant scheme is usually based on pre-registered members, and through market transaction and economic dispatch, energy optimization is realized when the main power grid is in normal operation. For example, some schemes use a reputation mechanism to motivate and evaluate members participating in dispatch, and through automation technology, transaction clearing of energy exchange is realized.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned prior art scheme is mainly aimed at grid-connected operation scenarios, and has the following defects: first, when a sudden fault of the main power grid causes a large-scale power failure, the existing scheme lacks a mechanism to physically switch the system from grid-connected mode to island operation mode, and cannot guarantee emergency power supply in the region. Secondly, the members of the existing scheme are usually fixed and pre-contracted, and in an emergency, there is a lack of ability to dynamically discover unknown and available energy storage resources in the adjacent area and quickly self-organize a temporary power supply network.

[0004] Therefore, when a large-scale power failure occurs, the existing technology cannot effectively and quickly organize independent family energy storage units between neighborhoods to form a physically isolated and collaborative power supply island microgrid, which not only may cause some families to be short of electricity due to depleted energy storage, but also causes the energy storage resources of other families to be idle and wasted. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system and method based on neighborhood elasticity.

[0006] According to the multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system based on neighborhood elasticity provided by the present application, it comprises: a neighborhood discovery module, configured to identify a plurality of family energy storage units in the same neighborhood area under a preset condition of detecting a main power grid failure, and establish a communication connection with the plurality of family energy storage units through a communication module to form a collaborative microgrid; an off-grid switching module, configured to control the plurality of family energy storage units to switch from grid-connected mode to off-grid operation mode when detecting a main power grid failure, to form an island microgrid to continuously supply power to families in the neighborhood; a power supply credibility module, configured to record and evaluate power supply and power consumption of each household node to the islanded micro-grid during the cooperative power supply process, and calculate a corresponding credibility score of each household node according to the power supply and power consumption; a power scheduling control module, configured to generate a power scheduling instruction of the cooperative power supply of multiple households according to power consumption of each household, preset state information of each household energy storage unit, and the credibility score calculated by the power supply credibility module, and distribute the power scheduling instruction to the corresponding household energy storage unit to perform a predetermined power output, the preset state information including a battery state of charge of each household energy storage unit; a grid-connected clearing module, configured to collect power supply and power consumption data of each household node during the off-grid operation mode after the main grid resumes power supply, and automatically calculate an energy exchange clearing result among the households.

[0007] Preferably, the neighborhood discovery module establishes a communication connection with the multiple household energy storage units through a wireless ad hoc network communication technology, the wireless ad hoc network communication technology including at least one of a Wi-Fi Mesh network, LoRa, or ZigBee.

[0008] Preferably, the power scheduling control module takes at least one of minimizing internal power loss of the islanded micro-grid or maximizing key load satisfaction as an optimization target when generating the power scheduling instruction.

[0009] Preferably, the off-grid switching module is further configured to: in the islanded micro-grid, configure at least one household energy storage unit as a master node to provide a voltage and frequency reference; and when the master node is insufficient in power or fails, dynamically switch another household energy storage unit as a new master node.

[0010] Preferably, the household energy storage unit includes a vehicle-mounted energy storage device of an electric vehicle accessing the cooperative micro-grid.

[0011] According to the present application, a multi-household energy storage cooperative power supply method based on neighborhood elasticity is provided, including the following steps: when detecting a power failure of the main grid, identifying and connecting multiple household energy storage units in the same neighborhood area, and controlling the multiple household energy storage units to switch from a grid-connected mode to an off-grid operation mode to form a cooperative islanded micro-grid; During the off-grid operation mode of the island micro-grid, a credit score value is calculated based on power supply and power usage of each household node, and a power scheduling instruction is generated and issued to the corresponding household energy storage unit according to the power demand of each household, preset state information of each household energy storage unit and the credit score value, so as to perform collaborative power supply, wherein the preset state information includes the battery state of charge of each household energy storage unit. After the main power grid restores power supply, power supply and usage data during the off-grid operation mode are collected, and an energy exchange clearing result is automatically calculated.

[0012] Preferably, at least one of minimizing internal power loss of the island micro-grid or maximizing key load satisfaction is taken as an optimization target when the power scheduling instruction is generated.

[0013] Preferably, in the island micro-grid, at least one household energy storage unit is configured as a master node to provide voltage and frequency reference; when the master node is insufficient in power or fails, another household energy storage unit is dynamically switched as a new master node.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. By combining the neighborhood discovery module and the off-grid switching module, the present application can quickly and automatically integrate the dispersed household energy storage resources in the neighborhood into a physically isolated island micro-grid when the main power grid is powered off, so as to realize flexible and collaborative shared power supply, effectively avoid the problem of single household energy storage depletion, and significantly improve the power supply reliability and system resilience of the community in emergency situations.

[0015] 2. By introducing the power supply credit module, the present application quantitatively evaluates the contribution and acquisition of each household in collaborative power supply, and applies the credit score to power scheduling, thereby effectively improving the enthusiasm of users in participating in collaborative power supply.

[0016] 3. The present application automates the whole process from dynamic networking, off-grid switching and intelligent scheduling after power failure to automatic grid connection and energy settlement after the power grid is restored, without human intervention. In particular, the grid connection clearing module avoids complex multi-party settlement disputes, thereby greatly reducing management costs.

[0017] 4. Through the optimization algorithm of the power scheduling control module, the system can reasonably allocate limited energy storage power according to actual demand, and can integrate various energy storage resources including electric vehicles, thereby minimizing energy waste and improving overall energy utilization efficiency and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 The overall architecture schematic diagram of the multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system based on neighborhood elasticity is provided for the embodiments of the present application. Figure 2 The process schematic diagram of neighborhood discovery and communication connection establishment is provided for the embodiments of the present application. Figure 3 The power supply reputation update and power scheduling process schematic diagram is provided for the embodiments of the present application. Figure 4 The off-grid operation and on-grid settlement process schematic diagram is provided for the embodiments of the present application. Figure 5 The overall flowchart of the multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply method is provided for the embodiments of the present application. Figure 6 The system signaling interaction timing diagram is provided for the embodiments of the present application.

[0019] Explanation of reference signs: DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] The present application provides a basic implementation scheme of a multi-family energy storage collaborative power supply system based on neighborhood elasticity. Figure 1 The overall architecture schematic diagram of the system is provided for the embodiments of the present application. The system provided by the present application aims to solve the problem that multiple families in a neighborhood community cannot effectively collaborate to use their own energy storage resources when the main power grid is unexpectedly powered off.

[0022] As shown in Figure 1 , the system can include a centralized control unit 30 and multiple geographically adjacent family energy storage units 10. Among them, each family energy storage unit 10 interacts information and transmits instructions with the centralized control unit 30 through a neighborhood self-organizing network.

[0023] Specifically, each family energy storage unit 10 is a set of energy systems deployed in a user's home, usually including photovoltaic 11, battery 12, inverter 13, and automatic transfer switch ATS 14 connected with the internal power grid and the main power grid; The family energy storage unit 10 also includes the vehicle-mounted energy storage 40 of the electric vehicle accessing the collaborative micro-grid. In the grid-connected state, these units operate independently to realize self-generation and self-use of power or upload the excess power to the municipal power grid 50.

[0024] It can be understood that the centralized control unit 30 can be the core of the system, which can be a special server deployed in the community, or a virtualized computing instance in the cloud, or, in another embodiment, by a designated certain home energy storage unit 10. Specifically, as shown, the centralized control unit 30 can logically integrate multiple functional modules, such as: neighborhood discovery module 31, power supply reputation module 32, power scheduling control module 33, off-grid switching module 34 and on-grid settlement module 35. The multiple modules work together to realize the whole process automation management from fault response, dynamic networking, cooperative power supply to recovery settlement. Figure 1

[0025] The communication module, which can be embodied as a neighborhood ad hoc network in this embodiment, provides a reliable communication link between the centralized control unit 30 and each home energy storage unit 10. As an optional implementation, the network adopts wireless ad hoc network communication technology, which can specifically adopt Wi-Fi Mesh technology. Wi-Fi Mesh network has the characteristics of self-configuration and self-repair, does not need complex wiring, and can quickly form a local communication network with wide coverage, high bandwidth and stable connection among neighborhoods, which is suitable for rapid deployment in emergency situations. LoRa low-power wide-area network or ZigBee short-range wireless protocol can also be used. Wi-Fi Mesh has high speed and self-healing characteristics, LoRa provides long-distance low-power communication, and ZigBee is suitable for low-speed home Internet of Things communication. According to the density and distance of the community, appropriate solutions can be selected. Through these communication technologies, the system can keep the communication between the home nodes smooth in the very situation of power failure.

[0026] The working process of the system in this embodiment will be described in detail below. Figures 2 to 6 The working process of the system in this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0027] Figure 5 The flowchart of a multi-home energy storage cooperative power supply method provided by the embodiment of the application. The whole process is triggered by the main power grid failure and ends with energy settlement.

[0028] In one embodiment, the method can include step S1, the system continuously monitors the state of the main power grid. When detecting abnormal voltage or frequency of the main power grid and judging that a failure occurs, the system is activated and enters the emergency cooperative power supply process. It should be noted that this detection function can be completed by the inverter of each home energy storage unit 10 or a special power grid monitoring device, and the fault signal is reported to the centralized control unit 30.

[0029] Subsequently, the system performs step S2 (neighborhood discovery and networking) and step S3 (off-grid switching). In actual operation, the two steps are closely coupled.​Figure 2 The specific process of neighborhood discovery and networking is shown in the figure. After detecting the main grid failure, the neighborhood discovery module 31 is immediately started. In step S201, a failure signal is taken as a trigger condition. In step S202, the centralized control unit 30 broadcasts a specific network identifier, i.e., a beacon, to the periphery through the communication module 20 to announce the request for establishing a collaborative power supply network.

[0030] The neighborhood family energy storage units 10 respond after receiving the beacon, and in step S203, the neighborhood discovery module 31 authenticates the responding nodes to ensure that only pre-authorized or eligible neighbors can join the network, thereby preventing malicious access. The authentication methods include but are not limited to pre-shared keys, digital certificates, etc.

[0031] In step S204, the family energy storage units 10 that have passed the authentication report their capabilities and state information to the centralized control unit 30. These information are important basis for subsequent scheduling, including at least their unique device ID, current state of charge of the battery, maximum charge and discharge power of the battery, current load power of the family, and whether photovoltaic is configured or not.

[0032] After the authentication is passed, in step S205, the neighborhood discovery module 31 establishes and maintains a dynamic network topology and routing table according to the network information of all joining nodes. When using a Wi-Fi Mesh network, the nodes will automatically negotiate the best communication path to form a mesh network.

[0033] In order to ensure the accurate collaboration of subsequent power scheduling, in step S206, the system performs network-wide time synchronization and establishes a heartbeat mechanism between the nodes and the control unit to monitor the online status of the nodes in real time.

[0034] In step S207, the system will assign node addresses and permissions before the nodes join.

[0035] In order to ensure the security of control command and data transmission, in step S208, an encrypted communication channel is established between the nodes and the control unit. Finally, in step S209, the nodes are formally confirmed to join the collaborative micro-grid, and the neighborhood discovery and networking process is completed.

[0036] At the same time, the off-grid switching module 34 performs off-grid switching operation. Referring to Figure 4 The process corresponds to step A (failure detection) and step B (switching off-grid). After confirming the main grid failure, the off-grid switching module 34 issues instructions to all family energy storage units 10 that have joined the collaborative micro-grid, controls the internal automatic switching switch to disconnect the physical connection with the main grid, and interconnects the internal grids of each family to form an isolated island micro-grid physically isolated from the main grid.

[0037] To maintain the stable operation of the islanded microgrid, a power source is needed to provide a stable voltage and frequency reference. Therefore, in step C (master node selection), the off-grid switching module 34 will select a suitable home energy storage unit 10 as the master node according to the state information reported by each node. The basis for selection can be diverse, for example, the node with the highest current battery state of charge or the largest battery capacity can be selected. The inverter of the selected master node will work in voltage source mode and be responsible for establishing and maintaining the voltage and frequency of the entire islanded microgrid. Accordingly, the remaining home energy storage units 10 act as slave nodes, and their inverters work in current source mode, accurately outputting or absorbing power according to the power instructions issued by the centralized control unit 30.

[0038] As a preferred implementation, to improve the fault tolerance and robustness of the system, the off-grid switching module 34 also has the function of dynamic switching of the master node. During off-grid operation, if the current master node cannot continue to provide the reference due to depletion of its own battery capacity or device failure, the off-grid switching module 34 can detect this situation in time (for example, through heartbeat timeout or dramatic voltage and frequency fluctuations) and immediately reselect a new node with the best state from the remaining slave nodes and instruct it to switch to master mode to take over the task of maintaining the voltage and frequency reference. This seamless switching process ensures that the islanded microgrid can continue to operate stably even in the event of failure of a single node.

[0039] After the islanded microgrid is formed, the system enters the cyclic operation phase of step S4 (cooperative power supply). This is a rolling, periodic optimization and scheduling process, as shown in Figure 3 , which is completed cooperatively by the power supply reputation module 32 and the power scheduling control module 33. Referring to the signaling interaction timing diagram of Figure 6 , the centralized control unit 30 and the home energy storage unit A and the home energy storage unit B periodically exchange information.

[0040] At the beginning of a scheduling period (for example, 5 minutes), step S401 (data collection) is performed. The power scheduling control module 33 collects the latest state of all home energy storage units 10 through the communication module 20, including the battery state of charge, the real-time photovoltaic power generation, the real-time household electricity load, etc.

[0041] Subsequently, in step S402 (contribution statistics) and step S403 (reputation update), the power supply reputation module 32 begins to work. It will count the actual electrical energy supplied by each home node to the islanded microgrid in the last scheduling period ( ) and the actual electrical energy used from the microgrid ( ), and update the reputation score of each node according to a preset rule. In this embodiment, the update rule of the reputation score is that the reputation score of a household node increases when it supplies power to the microgrid, and the reputation score of the household node decreases when it consumes power from the microgrid. A specific calculation formula can be:

[0042]

[0043] wherein, is the reputation score (dimensionless, bounded in [0, 1]) of node at current time denotes interval truncation; is the energy amount acquired by node from the microgrid, is the energy amount supplied by node to the microgrid; is the energy normalization reference (kWh), which can be the rated capacity of the battery , the median per capita electricity consumption of the neighborhood in the last period, or the critical load guarantee energy (one of the two is selected); is the single-period contribution cap coefficient (to prevent extreme value impact), is the forgetting factor (optional, to control the time sequence smoothing of the score), is a dimensionless weight, which is usually taken as to encourage power supply contribution (for example, ). In a non-punishing embodiment, 0 is taken, and the reputation is only increased by positive energy contribution, and is not decreased by power consumption. Through normalization of , , , is mapped to dimensionless , , this mechanism establishes a fair incentive system to encourage households with rich energy storage to actively participate in sharing.

[0044] The power supply reputation module can periodically calculate a temporary reputation during off-grid operation, so as to be referred to in power scheduling; and after settlement after restoration of grid connection, the final reputation value is fixed, as an initial value for next-time cooperative power supply. In addition to being used for optimization scheduling, the reputation score can also be used for weight distribution in income settlement (to be described later). Through the above reputation mechanism, the system establishes a community trust and incentive system: households that have actively supplied power to others many times in the past will accumulate a higher reputation, and can obtain a higher scheduling priority in the future or enjoy a more favorable distribution in energy settlement, so as to encourage households to actively participate in cooperative power supply.

[0045] After the credit score is updated, the process proceeds to steps S404 (target setting) and S405 (scheduling solution). The power scheduling control module 33 constructs an optimization problem based on the overall system operation target. In this basic embodiment, the module obtains information such as each household's electricity demand, available energy storage capacity, and credit score to solve the coordinated discharge optimization problem. The optimization target can be set according to actual needs, for example: minimum loss target: minimizing power transmission losses within the microgrid, which can be formalized as minimizing the sum of squares of power transmission. For example, considering the equivalent resistance of the transmission lines between household nodes, let... family To the family The supplied power or energy flow, then the losses and Proportional to the total loss, the objective function can be set as follows:

[0046] in, From node Flow to Node Power (kW) It is a node and nodes The equivalent line impedance or penalty factor between the lines. Given the number of households in a microgrid, the overall losses and imbalances are reduced by minimizing the sum of squares of the power supplied by each household.

[0047] Maximum contribution efficiency objective: Maximize the utilization efficiency of limited energy storage resources to prioritize meeting the overall critical load demand. This can be formalized as maximizing the effective power supply share for all users. For example, this can be achieved by introducing an importance weight for each household's load. (This can be determined based on whether there is an emergency load, such as medical equipment), so To allocate households in the scheduling scheme If the load power is considered, the objective function can be set as:

[0048] While meeting the capacity and power constraints of each energy storage unit, the weighted total power supply is maximized. This ensures that households with high weight (critical loads) receive priority power supply, reflecting a distributed priority power supply strategy, which prioritizes users with urgent power needs when there is a power shortage.

[0049] Scheduling variables include the charging and discharging power of each household energy storage system. (or combined and recorded as) ), and possible power input / output to the grid Exchange power with neighbors wait.

[0050] The scheduling optimization needs to satisfy the following main constraints: the output power of each home energy storage unit does not exceed its inverter rated power and does not cause the battery to be over-discharged, and the remaining energy of the battery is sufficient to support the planned discharge, i.e. wherein is the discharge power (kW) of the home energy storage unit at time , is the maximum power (kW) that the home energy storage unit can discharge at time .

[0051] The microgrid power balance constraint: the sum of the outputs of all energy storage units at each time is equal to the sum of all load demands (ignoring losses) and the network transmission capacity constraint, if considering photovoltaic output :

[0052] wherein is the power delivered to the home at time , is the power discharged by the home energy storage unit at time , is the power generated by the home photovoltaic at time , is the power consumed by the home at time , is the power charged by the home energy storage unit at time , is the power delivered to the home at time . represents the equality of the amount of electricity input and output by the home.

[0053] Simultaneous main grid interface limit: no simultaneous import and export is allowed, and each is subject to a maximum value constraint, i.e.

[0054] wherein is an import / export binary variable, is a charging state binary variable (1 = the current period allows "import / charging" from the main grid, 0 = does not allow, ) of the home energy storage unit at time , is a charging state binary variable of the home energy storage unit at time​ discharge state binary variable (1 = export / discharge from the main grid allowed in this period, 0 = not allowed, is the charging power from the main grid (kW, > 0; positive definition as "main grid -> home " inflow), is the discharging power to the main grid (kW, > 0; positive definition as "home -> main grid" outflow), is the maximum charging power upper limit of the main grid interface (kW), is the maximum discharging power upper limit of the main grid interface (kW). It indicates that only charging or discharging can be selected in the same period, and is respectively constrained by the upper limit.

[0055] The energy storage state equation is constrained by the battery capacity and SOC:

[0056]

[0057] where, is the energy storage state of charge (kWh) at time , is the charging efficiency (0-1, dimensionless), is the discharging efficiency (0-1, dimensionless), is the charging power (kWh, > 0), is the discharging power (kWh, > 0), is the period length (hours, h; if the step is 15 minutes, = 0.25), and are the lower / upper limits of the state of charge (kWh), respectively. is the optimization period end period index, is the terminal cycle condition (return to the initial state at the end of the period to avoid "eating electricity" or "storing electricity"). It indicates that the energy storage state of charge at the current time is obtained by adding the "charging warehouse energy" and subtracting the "discharging warehouse energy" from the state of the last time, and the charging and discharging efficiencies are considered respectively.

[0058] and impose the authorization constraint of "not charging and discharging at the same time":

[0059]

[0060] where, is the charging authorization binary variable (1 = allow charging, 0 = prohibit, is the discharging authorization binary variable (1 = allow charging, 0 = prohibit, ), The upper limit of the rated power of the inverter / battery side (kW). It indicates that it is prohibited to "charge and discharge at the same time" in the same period, and when the authorization = 0, the corresponding power is forced to 0; when the authorization = 1, the power does not exceed the upper limit of the device.

[0061] The power scheduling control module can use optimization methods such as linear programming (LP), mixed integer programming, or dynamic programming to solve. Since the load and photovoltaic output may change during power failure, the module can adopt a rolling optimization strategy, updating the optimization calculation regularly (e.g. every 5 minutes) to adjust the power instruction to respond to changes.

[0062] In step S406 (instruction package generation) and step S407 (issuing and monitoring), the power scheduling control module 33 encapsulates the calculated optimal power value into a scheduling instruction package and issues it to the corresponding home energy storage unit 10 through the communication module 20. After receiving the instruction, each slave node controls its inverter to execute accurately. At the same time, the control unit monitors the execution state feedback of each node to ensure that the instruction is executed correctly and to prepare for the contribution statistics of the next period. In this way, a closed-loop control process (corresponding to step D rolling scheduling in Figure 4 ) is formed, which continues to run until the main grid is restored.

[0063] For each home , in each time period of off-grid operation , the power instruction is issued:

[0064] Where is the power instruction set issued to the home , is the net power instruction (kW) issued to the home at time .

[0065] A scheduling scheme can also be represented in matrix form: define the scheduling matrix , where represents the energy supplied by the home to the home during the entire off-grid operation period (if , it represents the energy supplied by the home energy storage to its own load). Consider multiple homes as nodes of a graph, if the home can directly exchange energy with , then the matrix value , otherwise . Further define the collaborative scheduling weight matrix , such as ( is the home The importance weight of each connection) to reflect the connection strength or capacity limit. Each row of the dispatch matrix represents the power distribution of each household as a power provider to each household, and each column represents the power obtained by each household as a power consumer from each household. Based on the optimization result, the control unit packages the execution instructions for each energy storage unit into a dispatch instruction package for delivery. The instruction package contains information such as the target power curve that the energy storage unit should output in the subsequent period, the execution start and end time, and the node identification involved in cooperative power supply. After receiving the instruction package, the controller of each household energy storage unit 10 switches to the corresponding power control mode and charges and discharges according to the dispatch requirements. In order to improve reliability, the power dispatch instructions can also be accompanied by an exception detection and feedback mechanism (corresponding to step E of Figure 4 Run monitoring in FIG. 6): For example, each energy storage unit is required to report the actual output power periodically and compare it with the instructions. If it is found that a certain node does not supply power as planned (possibly due to battery depletion or failure), the control unit can adjust the instruction sequence of other energy storage units in time to compensate for the power gap and prevent a certain household load from being unable to obtain power supply.

[0066] When the main power grid resumes power supply, the system enters step S5 (detecting that the main power grid has resumed), step S6 (synchronizing with the grid), and step S7 (energy settlement). This corresponds to the latter half of the process shown in FIG. 7. Figure 4

[0067] In step F (city power recovery judgment), the off-grid switching module 34 confirms that the main power grid has stably resumed. Subsequently, in step G (grid synchronization), it coordinates all household energy storage units 10 to make the voltage, frequency, and phase of the output of the inverters consistent with the main power grid, and then controls the automatic switching switch to be closed, so that the entire community is smoothly reconnected to the main power grid and resumes the normal power supply mode.

[0068] After the grid synchronization is completed, the grid synchronization settlement module 35 starts to work and performs step H (data collection) and step I (settlement and settlement).

[0069] In step H, the grid synchronization settlement module 35 collects the data logs of each household energy storage unit during the entire off-grid operation, including power generation output and load power supply. Using these data, the system calculates the actual energy exchange amount between households, i.e., the energy flow matrix Based on the matrix, it can be determined how much energy each household as a power provider provides to others and how much energy each household as a power consumer obtains from others. Then, according to the predetermined settlement rules, the settlement is carried out.

[0070] In step I, the module automatically calculates according to the preset settlement rules. In this embodiment, a settlement rule based on a unified electricity price is adopted. For example, the community can agree in advance on an internal mutual aid electricity price, such as 0.8 yuan / kWh. The grid synchronization settlement module 35 calculates the net exchange power of each household​ Output, input of total electricity). If is positive, it means that the family is a net contributor and should get a benefit; if it is negative, it is a net user and should pay a fee. The final settlement amount is . The calculated settlement result can generate a detailed settlement bill (corresponding to step J in Figure 4 ) and send it to the user terminal of each family, and can be connected with the third-party payment platform or the billing system of the power company to realize automatic fee transfer.

[0071] Under a simple rule, the local electricity price during the outage of commercial power or the community electricity price agreed in advance (e.g., the average of the day-ahead wholesale electricity price or the peak-valley time-of-use electricity price corresponding to the outage period) can be selected as the settlement unit price to calculate the transaction amount or the change in points of each household. For example, for family , if , its settlement benefit . When is positive, it means that the household has net power supply and can get amount (or equivalent points reward); if is negative, it means that the household has net power consumption and should pay amount (or deduct points).

[0072] In another embodiment, a market-oriented point model or virtual currency mechanism is introduced, and each household is given a certain initial energy points by the power supply reputation module, and then the electricity price and settlement result are dynamically adjusted according to the contribution. For example, the system can simulate the dynamic electricity price mechanism of the electricity market: set the real-time energy price during the outage of the microgrid, which changes with the supply and demand situation, and increase the price when the demand exceeds the supply to encourage more output, and decrease the price when the supply exceeds the demand to encourage more power consumption or storage. This dynamic pricing can refer to the day-ahead electricity price curve and peak-valley time-of-use electricity price of the normal power grid to set the basic price, and make adjustments according to the supply and demand difference in real-time operation, or even refer to the LMP (Locational Marginal Pricing) model of the power grid node to give slightly different local prices for nodes at different positions in the microgrid considering power flow constraints.

[0073] The grid-connected settlement module can accumulate the contribution points of each household according to a preset algorithm: For example, family supplies power in period , and the microgrid price at that time is , then the energy coin points it gets increase​​ wherein , is the discrete time step (unit: hour, usually 5 minutes = 1 / 12 hour) for settlement / scheduling. Conversely, if consumed, it is deducted. Similarly, the reputation value can also be updated smoothly after settlement to reflect the impact of this cooperation on future scheduling. The clearing module finally outputs the settlement list of each household, for example, how much a certain household should pay to certain neighbors or transfer how many points. Since the system has built-in virtual accounts, each household can directly deduct fees or transfer accounts through its accumulated points, realizing automated settlement. The settlement result can also be connected to the actual payment system or electricity bill to ensure that each user does not lose money economically and truly realizes the virtuous cycle of "who contributes, who benefits, and who uses electricity, pays more".

[0074] Through the above process, the system of the embodiment realizes automatic and rapid organization of neighborhood energy storage to form an island microgrid when the main power grid is powered off, ensures emergency power supply through reputation-based optimal scheduling, and automatically completes fair and transparent energy exchange settlement after the power grid is restored, thereby greatly improving the power supply resilience and energy utilization efficiency of the community.

[0075] The specific embodiments of the present application are described above. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essential content of the present application. The embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A neighborhood-resilient multi-household energy storage collaborative power supply system, characterized in that, include: The neighborhood discovery module is used to identify multiple home energy storage units in the same neighborhood area under the preset condition of detecting a main grid fault and power outage, and to establish a communication connection with the multiple home energy storage units through the communication module to form a collaborative microgrid; The off-grid switching module is used to control the multiple home energy storage units to switch from grid-connected mode to off-grid operation mode when a main grid fault is detected, forming an island microgrid to continuously supply power to neighboring homes. The power supply reputation module is used to record and evaluate the power supply and power consumption of each household node to the islanded microgrid during the collaborative power supply process, and calculate the reputation score value corresponding to each household node accordingly. The power dispatch control module is used to generate a power dispatch command for multi-household coordinated power supply based on the electricity demand of each household in the islanded microgrid, the preset status information of each household energy storage unit, and the credit score value calculated by the power supply credit module, and send it to the corresponding household energy storage unit to execute the predetermined power output. The preset status information includes the battery charge status of each household energy storage unit. The grid-connected settlement module is used to collect power supply and consumption data of each household node during the off-grid operation mode after the main grid restores power supply, and automatically calculate the energy exchange settlement results between households.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The neighborhood discovery module establishes a communication connection with the multiple home energy storage units through wireless ad hoc network communication technology, which includes at least one of Wi-Fi Mesh network, LoRa, or ZigBee.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When generating the power dispatch command, the power dispatch control module aims to minimize the internal power loss of the islanded microgrid or maximize the satisfaction of critical loads.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The offline handover module is also used for: In the isolated microgrid, at least one residential energy storage unit is configured as the master control node to provide voltage and frequency references; and When the main control node is underpowered or malfunctions, another home energy storage unit is dynamically switched to become the new main control node.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The home energy storage unit includes onboard energy storage devices for electric vehicles connected to the collaborative microgrid.

6. A neighborhood-resilient multi-household energy storage collaborative power supply method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: When a main grid failure is detected, multiple home energy storage units located in the same neighborhood are identified and connected, and the multiple home energy storage units are controlled to switch from grid-connected mode to off-grid operation mode to form a collaborative island microgrid. During the off-grid operation mode of the islanded microgrid, a credit score is calculated based on the power supply and power usage of each household node. Power dispatch instructions are generated and issued to the corresponding household energy storage units according to the electricity demand of each household, the preset status information of each household energy storage unit, and the credit score, so as to carry out coordinated power supply. The preset status information includes the battery charge status of each household energy storage unit. After the main grid restores power supply, power supply and consumption data during the off-grid operation mode are collected, and energy exchange settlement results are automatically calculated.

7. The neighborhood-resilient multi-household energy storage collaborative power supply method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When generating the power dispatch command, the optimization objective is to minimize the internal power loss of the islanded microgrid or maximize the satisfaction of critical loads.

8. The multi-household energy storage collaborative power supply method based on neighborhood elasticity according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the isolated microgrid, at least one home energy storage unit is configured as the master control node to provide voltage and frequency references; when the master control node is underpowered or fails, another home energy storage unit is dynamically switched to become the new master control node.

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