Blueberry culture medium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a blueberry culture medium and a preparation method of the blueberry culture medium. The blueberry culture medium is prepared from, by volume, 40%-50% of decomposed organic matter, 20%-30% of natural mineral structuring agent, 5%-10% of biochar, 10%-15% of peat soil, 4%-6% of functional additive, 1%-2% of microbial agent and 0%-10% of rural soil. The core raw material decomposed organic matter is derived from agricultural waste, the cost is low, waste can be turned into wealth, and expensive peat soil is saved. The natural mineral structuring agent retains water and fertilizer, has an excellent physical structure, ensures the looseness and air permeability of the blueberry culture medium, and is beneficial to the growth of blueberry root systems. The functional additive enables the blueberry culture medium to maintain stable acidity and can provide mineral nutrition. The microbial agent can activate phosphorus, potassium and other elements in soil, fix nitrogen, generate plant stimulant for promoting growth, inhibit soil-borne diseases and form a healthy rhizosphere microecosystem.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of blueberry cultivation substrate, in particular to a blueberry cultivation substrate and a preparation method of the blueberry cultivation substrate. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a fruit rich in various nutrients and having high economic value, the market demand for blueberries has been rising in recent years. At present, blueberry planting is widely spread around the world. However, blueberries have quite strict requirements on the growth environment, especially the soil conditions. The pH value, air permeability and water retention of ordinary soil are usually difficult to fully meet the needs of blueberry growth.

[0003] Traditional blueberry planting mostly relies on natural soil, but natural soil has many limitations. For example, its pH value is difficult to be stably maintained in the pH value range suitable for the growth of blueberries, which will interfere with the absorption of nutrients by the root system of blueberries, thereby hindering the normal growth and development of blueberry plants, resulting in yield decline and fruit quality reduction. In addition, the air permeability and water retention of natural soil are difficult to match the ideal state of blueberry root growth, which is prone to root rot caused by water accumulation or water loss caused by rapid water loss. At the same time, with the continuous expansion of blueberry planting area, the competition for land resources is becoming increasingly fierce, and high-quality natural soil resources suitable for blueberry planting are gradually scarce.

[0004] Under this circumstance, it is particularly important to develop a blueberry cultivation substrate specially suitable for cultivating blueberries. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a blueberry cultivation substrate and a preparation method of the blueberry cultivation substrate, which overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0006] According to an aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a blueberry cultivation substrate is provided, which comprises: 40%-50% of composted organic matter, 20%-30% of natural mineral structure agent, 5%-10% of biochar, 10%-15% of peat soil, 4%-6% of functional additives, 1%-2% of microbial inoculum and 0%-10% of garden soil by volume.

[0007] In an optional manner, the composted organic matter is formed by composting plant waste and composted animal excrement at a volume ratio of 4:1, and the plant waste comprises crop straw and mushroom residue.

[0008] In an optional manner, 20%-30% of the natural mineral structure agent comprises 10%-15% of attapulgite, 5%-10% of zeolite particles and 5% of perlite by volume.

[0009] In an alternative way, 4%-6% of the functional additives include 2%-3% of sulfur powder and 2%-3% of the blueberry special slow-release fertilizer, and the nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium in the blueberry special slow-release fertilizer is 12:10:10.

[0010] In an alternative way, the microbial agent includes one or more of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, EM bacteria and EA bacteria.

[0011] In an alternative way, the blueberry cultivation substrate includes, by volume: 45% of the matured organic matter, 25% of the natural mineral structure agent, 8% of the biochar, 10% of the peat soil, 5% of the functional additives, 1% of the microbial agent and 6% of the garden soil; and 5% of the functional additives include 2.5% of sulfur powder and 2.5% of the blueberry special slow-release fertilizer.

[0012] In an alternative way, 25% of the natural mineral structure agent includes 12% of the attapulgite, 8% of the zeolite particles and 5% of the perlite; the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5mm-2mm, the particle size of the zeolite particles is 2mm-4mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3mm-6mm.

[0013] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a preparation method of a blueberry cultivation substrate is provided, including: preparing matured organic matter; mixing 40%-50% of the matured organic matter, 20%-30% of the natural mineral structure agent, 5%-10% of the biochar, 10%-15% of the peat soil, 4%-6% of the functional additives and 0%-10% of the garden soil in a mixing device by volume; inoculating 1%-2% of the microbial agent during the mixing process to obtain a first material; and aging the first material to obtain the blueberry cultivation substrate.

[0014] In an alternative way, the method for preparing the matured organic matter includes: weighing and mixing plant waste and matured animal excrement according to a volume ratio of 4:1 and a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1 to 30:1; inoculating the microbial agent and performing maturation to obtain the matured organic matter.

[0015] In an alternative way, the stirring rate of the mixing is 15rpm to 20rpm, and the mixing time is 15 minutes.

[0016] The blueberry cultivation substrate provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises, by volume, 40-50% of the rotten organic matter, 20-30% of the natural mineral structure agent, 5-10% of the biochar, 10-15% of the peat soil, 4-6% of the functional additive, 1-2% of the microbial inoculant and 0-10% of the garden soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the figures that form a part of this patent document, these illustrative examples do not limit the embodiments, elements having the same reference numerals in the figures represent the same elements, unless otherwise indicated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute a proportional limit.

[0018] Figure 1 is a flowchart of preparing the blueberry cultivation substrate provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2 is a flowchart of preparing the rotten organic matter provided by the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0021] The blueberry cultivation substrate provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises, by volume, 40-50% of the rotten organic matter, 20-30% of the natural mineral structure agent, 5-10% of the biochar, 10-15% of the peat soil, 4-6% of the functional additive, 1-2% of the microbial inoculant and 0-10% of the garden soil.

[0022] The rotten organic matter accounts for 40-50%, which is the main component of the blueberry cultivation substrate, and its source includes agricultural waste such as crop straw, mushroom residue and rotten animal excrement (such as cow, sheep and chicken excrement) and the like. Using agricultural waste as the source of rotten organic matter not only reduces the cost of the blueberry cultivation substrate, but also realizes the recycling of resources, turns waste into treasure and reduces the environmental burden. In addition, due to the large use of rotten organic matter, the use proportion of the high-priced non-renewable resource peat soil is reduced, and the amount of peat soil is reduced from 100% to 10-15%, which greatly reduces the use of high-priced peat soil, and the comprehensive cost is reduced by more than 50% compared with the pure peat soil substrate, thereby reducing the cost and effectively alleviating the damage to the peat soil ecosystem and the damage to the carbon sink function and biodiversity of the wetland ecosystem, which is highly consistent with the development concept of green agriculture, and has significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0023] It is worth noting that the rotten organic matter constitutes the main organic framework of the blueberry cultivation substrate, provides organic matter and plays a basic physical support role.

[0024] It is worth noting that in some embodiments, the rotten organic matter is formed by mixing plant waste and rotten animal excrement in a volume ratio of 4:1. The plant waste includes crop straw and mushroom residue. This rotten organic matter can improve the granular structure of the blueberry cultivation substrate and provide certain nutrient release capacity.

[0025] It is worth noting that in some embodiments, 20-30% of the natural mineral structure agent by volume includes 10-15% attapulgite, 5-10% zeolite particles and 5% perlite. The particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5-2 mm, the particle size of the zeolite particles is 2-4 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-6 mm. The attapulgite is a natural clay mineral with a porous structure and a high specific surface area; the zeolite particles are a kind of framework silicate mineral with strong cation exchange capacity and adsorption performance; the perlite is a light and porous material formed by high-temperature expansion of a volcanic glass ore, and the three can significantly improve the ventilation, water retention and ion exchange capacity of the substrate. Specifically, the attapulgite and zeolite particles have a large specific surface area and ion adsorption capacity, which can lock water and nutrient ions, and have strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. At the same time, the perlite and zeolite particles ensure the loose and breathable nature of the blueberry cultivation substrate, prevent compaction, prevent root hypoxia, and benefit the growth of blueberry roots; in addition, the particle sizes of various natural mineral structure agents are reasonably matched to create an ideal ratio of solid, liquid and gas.

[0026] In addition, in some embodiments, the biochar includes one or more of rice straw biochar, corn straw biochar, and mushroom residue biochar. It can be understood that the biochar in the embodiments of the present application can be obtained by carbonizing rice straw, corn straw, or mushroom residue alone, or by carbonizing a mixture of two or more of rice straw, corn straw, or mushroom residue.

[0027] The use of biochar, which utilizes renewable resources such as rice straw, corn straw, or mushroom residue, aligns with the green and circular development of agriculture. Not only does it reduce environmental pollution caused by waste, but it also achieves efficient recycling of resources by converting waste into biochar.

[0028] The biochar has high porosity and strong adsorption capacity. The porous structure of the biochar further enhances the water retention and adsorption of the blueberry cultivation substrate, and provides a habitat for microorganisms, which can promote the colonization of beneficial functional bacteria and enhance the activity of the bacterial community, thereby improving the overall nutrient supply capacity of the blueberry cultivation substrate. In addition, the composted organic matter itself also has good water retention capacity, and the synergistic effect of attapulgite, zeolite, biochar, and composted organic matter significantly improves the water and fertilizer retention performance of the blueberry cultivation substrate.

[0029] In some implementations of the embodiments of the present application, the method for forming the biochar includes pyrolyzing one or more of rice straw, corn straw, or mushroom residue in an oxygen-free or limited-oxygen environment to obtain the biochar. Limited oxygen refers to limiting the content of oxygen, for example, maintaining the oxygen concentration below 5% during pyrolysis.

[0030] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 600°C. At this temperature, the biochar has a more developed pore structure, which is beneficial to improving its adsorption performance and water retention capacity, thereby enhancing the colonization efficiency of rhizosphere microorganisms.

[0031] In some embodiments, the specific operation mode for pyrolyzing one or more of rice straw, corn straw, or mushroom residue in an oxygen-free or limited-oxygen environment to obtain the biochar is as follows: one or more of the raw materials of rice straw, corn straw, or mushroom residue is placed in a pyrolysis furnace and pyrolyzed at a temperature of 600°C for 1-3 hours to obtain the biochar.

[0032] In some embodiments, the specific operation mode for pyrolyzing one or more of rice straw, corn straw, or mushroom residue in an oxygen-free or limited-oxygen environment to obtain the biochar is as follows: a part of one or more of the raw materials of rice straw, corn straw, or mushroom residue is ignited, and then the remaining part of the raw material is covered on the ignited part, and the heat released by the combustion of the raw material is used for limited-oxygen pyrolysis to form an oxygen-free or limited-oxygen environment, so that the raw material is fully pyrolyzed, thereby obtaining biochar with stable structure and strong adsorption.

[0033] The use of peat moss in blueberry cultivation substrates leverages its natural acidity and root-promoting properties to help quickly establish a suitable rhizosphere microecological environment for blueberry growth, while significantly reducing dependence on non-renewable peat moss resources.

[0034] In some implementations of this application, the main component of peat moss may be incompletely decomposed moss; or, peat moss may be incompletely decomposed leaves. In some embodiments, the peat moss is sphagnum moss with an acidic pH. The acidic properties of sphagnum moss help maintain the low pH environment required for blueberry growth, effectively promoting the release and absorption of trace elements such as iron and manganese, and reducing the risk of nutrient deficiency symptoms in the plants.

[0035] In some embodiments, by volume, 4%-6% of the functional additives include 2%-3% sulfur powder and 2%-3% blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio in the blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer is 12:10:10. The blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer also includes chelated trace elements such as Fe, Mn, Zn, and B. The slow-release sulfur powder is used as the core acidifier, which slowly oxidizes to sulfuric acid under the action of microorganisms, stably and effectively reducing and maintaining the pH value of the blueberry cultivation substrate. This overcomes the shortcomings of fast-acting acidifiers such as citric acid, which have short-lasting effects. Furthermore, the organic acids produced during the composting process also help maintain the acidic environment of the blueberry cultivation substrate.

[0036] In some implementations of this application, the sulfur powder has a fineness of not less than 200 mesh to ensure that it is evenly distributed in the blueberry cultivation substrate and effectively participates in the acidification reaction.

[0037] In addition, it is worth noting that the decomposed organic matter formed after agricultural waste has decomposed is itself an excellent organic fertilizer, and the blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer provides basic mineral nutrition. The two work together to ensure the continuous nutrient needs of blueberries at different growth stages, significantly improving the stress resistance of blueberry plants and the quality of blueberry fruits.

[0038] The blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer is based on existing technology and can be directly purchased from the market.

[0039] It is worth noting that, in some embodiments, the microbial inoculants include one or more of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria, and EA bacteria. The added functional microbial inoculants can activate phosphorus and potassium elements, fix nitrogen, produce plant stimulants that promote growth, inhibit soil-borne diseases, and form a healthy rhizosphere micro-ecosystem. The EM inoculant is composed of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, and yeast, while the EA inoculant contains functional microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, which can effectively improve nitrogen and phosphorus utilization and promote nutrient absorption by blueberry seedlings.

[0040] The field soil in the blueberry cultivation substrate can be selectively added according to the actual situation of the production site. By adding the field soil, the local microorganism community is introduced, the weight of the blueberry cultivation substrate is increased to fix the plant, and the cost is further reduced. The field soil must be subjected to strict disinfection treatment (such as sun exposure, steam disinfection or chemical disinfection) before use to kill pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs and weed seeds.

[0041] In some implementations of the present application, the blueberry cultivation substrate comprises, by volume: 45% of the mature organic matter, 25% of the natural mineral structure agent, 8% of the biochar, 10% of the peat soil, 5% of the functional additive, 1% of the microbial inoculant and 6% of the field soil; wherein 5% of the functional additive comprises 2.5% of the sulfur powder and 2.5% of the slow-release fertilizer special for blueberries. Through the optimized proportioning of the blueberry cultivation substrate and the synergistic effect of the functional components, it ensures that it provides a stable acidic environment and continuously supplies balanced nutrients, effectively promotes root development and plant growth, and significantly improves the flowering and fruit setting rate of blueberries and the fruit quality. At the same time, a large amount of rotten organic matter produced by agricultural waste is consumed, which reduces environmental pollution; reduces the dependence on non-renewable peat soil resources, and has significant environmental and social benefits.

[0042] It is worth noting that in some embodiments, 25% of the natural mineral structure agent comprises 12% of the attapulgite, 8% of the zeolite particles and 5% of the perlite; the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5mm-2mm, the particle size of the zeolite particles is 2mm-4mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3mm-6mm. Through fine regulation of each component in the natural mineral structure agent, not only the water and fertilizer retention capacity is guaranteed, but also excellent ion exchange property, water and nutrient slow-release capacity and ideal aeration porosity are provided by the three components in cooperation.

[0043] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, referring to Figure 1 , a preparation method of a blueberry cultivation substrate is provided, comprising: Step S10, preparing the mature organic matter.

[0044] The mature organic matter is obtained by high-temperature composting fermentation of agricultural waste, and is formed after turning, temperature control and maturity detection. In some embodiments, the method for preparing the mature organic matter, please refer to Figure 2 , comprising: Step S11, weighing and mixing plant waste and mature animal excrement according to a volume ratio of 4:1 and a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1 to 30:1.

[0045] The plant waste includes crop straw and mushroom residue.

[0046] Among them, the crop straw, mushroom residue and specific animal excrement have a specific carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that the required addition ratio of each substance can be calculated, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1 to 30:1 and the volume ratio of plant waste and mature animal excrement of 4:1 are ensured.

[0047] It can be understood that the plant waste and mature animal excrement can also be mixed according to other volume ratios, but the best composting effect and nutrient balance can be obtained when they are mixed at a ratio of 4:1.

[0048] Step S12, inoculating the microbial inoculant and composting to obtain the composted organic matter.

[0049] Among them, the amount of the inoculated microbial inoculant is not strictly required, and can be added according to the use instruction or recommended amount of the microbial inoculant. The microbial inoculant includes one or more of the jelly-like Paenibacillus, EM bacteria and EA bacteria.

[0050] Among them, the method of inoculating the microbial inoculant is to dilute and re-dissolve the powder or liquid microbial inoculant with a small amount of sterile water or cool boiled water to form a bacterial solution according to the recommended amount. The bacterial solution is uniformly sprayed into the mixing dry materials being stirred by a spraying device. The operation needs to be sprayed and stirred at the same time to ensure that the functional microorganisms are evenly distributed in the mixture, and to avoid local high or low concentration.

[0051] Among them, the composting process is aerobic composting (temperature of 60-75°C, preferably 70°C) in a tank or a strip pile. When the material is completely composted, the determination criteria are: the temperature drops to the ambient temperature, there is no bad odor, it presents a dark brown loose structure and no white fermentation mycelium, and the composted organic matter is obtained.

[0052] Among them, aerobic means that oxygen is continuously supplied during the composting process to promote the rapid reproduction and metabolic activity of thermophilic aerobic microorganisms, thereby accelerating the degradation of organic matter and the formation of humus. Maintaining sufficient aeration conditions can not only effectively control the temperature of the pile and prevent the accumulation of harmful substances produced by anaerobic fermentation, but also significantly improve the composting efficiency and product quality. During the composting process, the pile is turned over regularly to ensure uniform distribution of oxygen, usually once every 3-5 days, and the whole cycle lasts for 20-30 days.

[0053] In some embodiments, after the composting is completed, the particle size of the material should be controlled to be less than 10 mm to improve the air permeability and water retention of the blueberry cultivation substrate.

[0054] It is worth mentioning that after obtaining the matured organic matter, it is also dried, and the standard of drying is that there is no lumping and the hand feeling is crisp. Then the dried matured organic matter is used in step S20. By drying the matured organic matter, the mixing uniformity of the matured organic matter, natural mineral structure agent and subsequent added components is improved. At the same time, the problem of lumping and secondary microbial fermentation caused by high water content is avoided. The drying can be carried out by natural airing or low-temperature drying, for example, the temperature is controlled below 40°C. During the drying process, it needs to be turned over regularly to ensure uniform evaporation of water and prevent local mold.

[0055] In step S20, 40%-50% of the matured organic matter, 20%-30% of the natural mineral structure agent, 5%-10% of the biochar, 10%-15% of the peat soil, 4%-6% of the functional additives and 0%-10% of the garden soil are put into the mixing equipment for mixing.

[0056] The mixing equipment can be a double-screw mixer or similar mixing equipment, such as a planetary mixer or a drum mixer, to ensure that the components are fully mixed and uniform, avoiding agglomeration and stratification.

[0057] It is worth mentioning that in some embodiments, the stirring speed of the mixing is 15 rpm to 20 rpm, and the mixing time is 15 minutes.

[0058] In some embodiments, 20%-30% of the natural mineral structure agent includes 10%-15% of the attapulgite, 5%-10% of the zeolite particles and 5% of the perlite by volume. By fine control of each component, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the finally formed blueberry cultivation substrate is ensured, and the blueberry cultivation substrate has excellent physical structure, ensuring the loose and breathable nature of the blueberry cultivation substrate, which is beneficial to the growth of blueberry roots.

[0059] In some embodiments, the attapulgite, zeolite particles and perlite are preliminarily mixed before use. Specifically, the attapulgite, zeolite particles and perlite are placed in a container and stirred and mixed for 5 to 10 minutes to make them uniformly distributed, and then they are put into the mixing equipment together with other components for mixing. This pre-mixing step can effectively avoid local enrichment of mineral components and improve the stability of the overall structure of the blueberry cultivation substrate.

[0060] In some embodiments, 4%-6% of the functional additives include, by volume, 2%-3% of sulfur powder and 2%-3% of blueberry special slow-release fertilizer with a nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium ratio of 12:10:10. The blueberry special slow-release fertilizer also includes chelated trace elements such as Fe, Mn, Zn, B, etc. The addition of sulfur powder can effectively reduce the pH value of the substrate and maintain it in the appropriate range of 4.5-5.5, meeting the growth characteristics of blueberries which prefer acidic environments. The slow-release fertilizer gradually releases nutrients, avoiding excessive nutrients or loss in the short term, and prolonging the fertilizer effect period.

[0061] In some implementations of the present application, step S20 includes: mixing 45% of the decomposed organic matter, 25% of the natural mineral structure agent, 8% of the biochar, 10% of the peat, 5% of the functional additives, and 6% of the garden soil in the mixing device by volume. Among them, 5% of the functional additives include 2.5% of sulfur powder and 2.5% of blueberry special slow-release fertilizer. Among them, 25% of the natural mineral structure agent includes 12% of attapulgite, 8% of zeolite particles, and 5% of perlite; the particle size of the attapulgite is 0.5-2 mm, the particle size of the zeolite particles is 2-4 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-6 mm. By precisely controlling the specific content of each component and the particle size range of some components, it is ensured that the blueberry cultivation substrate has a good granular structure and porosity, which guarantees the development of blueberry root system and the quality of blueberry fruits.

[0062] Step S30, during the mixing process, inoculate 1%-2% of the microbial inoculant by volume to obtain the first material.

[0063] Among them, in some embodiments, the microbial inoculant includes one or more of the jelly-like Paenibacillus, EM bacteria, and EA bacteria.

[0064] The method of inoculating 1%-2% of the microbial inoculant includes diluting and reconstituting the powdered or liquid microbial inoculant with the recommended amount of a small amount of sterile water or cool boiled water to form a bacterial solution. The bacterial solution is uniformly sprayed into the mixing material being stirred through a spraying device. The operation needs to be sprayed while stirring to ensure that the functional microorganisms are evenly distributed in the mixture, avoiding excessive or insufficient local concentration. The spraying speed needs to be controlled to avoid the formation of wet lumps. After spraying is completed, continue to stir for 5 minutes to ensure that the microbial inoculant is evenly distributed in the blueberry cultivation substrate.

[0065] In other embodiments, step S30 includes inoculating 1% of the jelly-like Paenibacillus solid inoculant by volume during the mixing process, which has an effective viable bacterial count of ≥5.0×10^9 CFU / g and is used for phosphorus and potassium solubilization and secretion of growth stimulating hormones.

[0066] Step S40, aging the first material to obtain the blueberry cultivation substrate.

[0067] During the aging process, the first material is moved to a clean environment with shade, ventilation and light avoidance for 7-10 days of aging. This process can make the inoculated microorganisms preliminarily colonize and reproduce, and at the same time, the sulfur powder begins to slowly oxidize and start the acidification process.

[0068] After the aging is completed, the pH value, electrical conductivity EC value and other key indicators of the blueberry cultivation substrate are detected by sampling, and after passing the qualification, the product is obtained after metering and packaging.

[0069] Among them, the electrical conductivity is used to represent the total amount of soluble salt in the blueberry cultivation substrate, and the content needs to be controlled in an appropriate range to avoid salt damage to the blueberry root system.

[0070] The specific method for sampling and detecting the pH value and electrical conductivity EC of the blueberry cultivation substrate is to use the industry standard method for sampling and detection after the aging is completed, and the measured value is about 5.0 (for example, pH is 4.5-5.5) using a pH meter; the electrical conductivity EC value is tested using an electrical conductivity meter, and the measured value is about 1.2 mS / cm, wherein EC<1.5 mS / cm is qualified. The detection results meet the ideal requirements of blueberry soilless cultivation substrate for acidity and alkalinity and salt content, indicating that the batch of substrate has been fully matured and can be used for blueberry production.

[0071] Through the above preparation method of the blueberry cultivation substrate, the blueberry cultivation substrate obtained has stable physicochemical properties and rich biological activity, can effectively promote the root system development of blueberries, enhance the nutrient absorption capacity, and significantly improve the fruit quality and yield. The blueberry cultivation substrate has appropriate acid-base balance, loose structure, good water and fertilizer retention performance, and is rich in functional microorganisms, which continuously secretes growth-promoting substances and activates soil nutrients, creating an excellent rhizosphere environment for blueberry growth. In addition, the core raw material of the blueberry cultivation substrate is composted organic matter, which is derived from agricultural waste and has low cost, can realize waste-to-resource, save the use of expensive peat soil, has significant economic and social benefits, and conforms to the development direction of sustainable agriculture. The popularization and application of the blueberry cultivation substrate can help to reduce resource waste and environmental pollution, and at the same time, improve the standardization and ecological level of blueberry planting, and provide reliable technical support for green and efficient blueberry cultivation.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; under the idea of the present application, the technical features in the above examples or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other changes of different aspects of the present application as described above, which are not provided in details for simplicity; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A blueberry cultivation substrate, characterized by, The blueberry cultivation substrate comprises, by volume, 40-50% of the matured organic matter, 20-30% of the natural mineral structure agent, 5-10% of the biochar, 10-15% of the peat soil, 4-6% of the functional additive, 1-2% of the microbial inoculant, and 0-10% of the garden soil. The matured organic matter is formed by mixing plant waste and matured animal excrement at a volume ratio of 4:

1.

2. The blueberry cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 20-30% natural mineral structure agent comprises, by volume, 10-15% attapulgite, 5-10% zeolite particles, and 5% perlite.

3. The blueberry cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 4-6% functional additive comprises, by volume, 2-3% sulfur powder and 2-3% blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer, wherein the blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at a ratio of 12:10:

10.

4. The blueberry cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized by, The microbial inoculant comprises one or more of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, EM bacteria, and EA bacteria. The blueberry cultivation substrate comprises, by volume, 45% of the matured organic matter, 25% of the natural mineral structure agent, 8% of the biochar, 10% of the peat soil, 5% of the functional additive, 1% of the microbial inoculant, and 6% of the garden soil.

5. The blueberry cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 5% functional additive comprises 2.5% sulfur powder and 2.5% blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer.

6. The blueberry cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 25% natural mineral structure agent comprises 12% attapulgite, 8% zeolite particles, and 5% perlite. The attapulgite has a particle size of 0.5-2 mm, the zeolite particles have a particle size of 2-4 mm, and the perlite has a particle size of 3-6 mm.

7. The blueberry cultivation substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that, The blueberry cultivation substrate comprises, by volume, 40-50% of the matured organic matter, 20-30% of the natural mineral structure agent, 5-10% of the biochar, 10-15% of the peat soil, 4-6% of the functional additive, and 0-10% of the garden soil. The method for preparing the matured organic matter comprises:

8. A method of preparing a blueberry cultivation substrate, characterized by, mixing plant waste and matured animal excrement at a volume ratio of 4:1 and a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1 to 30:1; inoculating the microbial inoculant and performing maturation to obtain the matured organic matter. The mixing is performed at a stirring speed of 15-20 rpm for 15 minutes. The blueberry cultivation substrate comprises, by volume, 40-50% of the matured organic matter, 20-30% of the natural mineral structure agent, 5-10% of the biochar, 10-15% of the peat soil, 4-6% of the functional additive, 1-2% of the microbial inoculant, and 0-10% of the garden soil. The matured organic matter is formed by mixing plant waste and matured animal excrement at a volume ratio of 4:

1.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the blueberry cultivation substrate is prepared by mixing the peat moss, the pine bark, and the perlite in a ratio of 1 : 1 :

1. The 20-30% natural mineral structure agent comprises, by volume, 10-15% attapulgite, 5-10% zeolite particles, and 5% perlite. The 4-6% functional additive comprises, by volume, 2-3% sulfur powder and 2-3% blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer, wherein the blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at a ratio of 12:10:

10. The microbial inoculant comprises one or more of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, EM bacteria, and EA bacteria.

10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the blueberry cultivation substrate is prepared by mixing the peat moss and the pine bark in a ratio of 1 : 1 to 1 :

3. The blueberry cultivation substrate comprises, by volume, 45% of the matured organic matter, 25% of the natural mineral structure agent, 8% of the biochar, 10% of the peat soil, 5% of the functional additive, 1% of the microbial inoculant, and 6% of the garden soil. The 5% functional additive comprises 2.5% sulfur powder and 2.5% blueberry-specific slow-release fertilizer. The 25% natural mineral structure agent comprises 12% attapulgite, 8% zeolite particles, and 5% perlite. The attapulgite has a particle size of 0.5-2 mm, the zeolite particles have a particle size of 2-4 mm, and the perlite has a particle size of 3-6 mm.

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