Device and method for integrally assembling complex structure external part

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for integrally assembling complex structure external parts, the device comprises an axial positioning assembly, and a first positioning block, a second positioning block, a third positioning block and a fixing ring which are arranged on the axial positioning assembly, the fixing ring is used for being connected with a to-be-machined part, and the first positioning block, the second positioning block, the third positioning block and the fixing ring are arranged on the axial positioning assembly. The first positioning block, the second positioning block and the third positioning block are all used for positioning an external part, limiting plates or protruding blocks are arranged on the first positioning block, the second positioning block and the third positioning block, and selection of the limiting plates or the protruding blocks is based on the structural shape of a preset abutting area of the external part; according to the method, on the basis of the horizontal projection positions of the external part on the shell to be machined, the median of all the projection positions is selected as the distinguishing line, the corresponding first positioning block or fourth positioning block is matched for the external part on the basis of the distinguishing line for auxiliary positioning, and by selecting the positioning blocks of different structures, structural interference can be reduced; and meanwhile, more welding operation space for the surface of the shell to be machined can be provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pressure vessel shell processing and manufacturing technology, specifically relating to a device and method for integrally assembling complex external components. Background Technology

[0002] The outer surface of a certain type of pressure vessel shell has external components used for fixing cable covers or auxiliary positioning. Due to economic and functional requirements, these external components are generally assembled by welding. Welding of external components typically involves processes such as marking, assembly, welding, and inspection. This production process is mostly manual, and product quality and production efficiency depend heavily on the skill level of the operators. Marking and assembly are the key steps affecting production efficiency. With increasing product design demands, the structure and quantity of external components are trending towards greater complexity, quantity, and precision. Furthermore, under the high-volume, high-density production model, this traditional assembly method is insufficient to guarantee the production of products with complex external component structures.

[0003] Patent CN112589351B, "A Quick Assembly and Positioning Fixture and Method for External Components of a Solid State Engine Housing," employs a cylindrical fixture fitted onto the outer surface of the housing to achieve rapid positioning of the external components. This fixture has a simple structure with four rectangular through holes machined on its surface; however, it is only suitable for assembling a small number of simple external components. For a large number of external components, the auxiliary positioning process becomes very complex. Patent CN221247480U, "An Assembly and Positioning Fixture for Cylindrical External Components," proposes a symmetrical fixture with embedded magnets. During use, the magnets fix the fixture's position, allowing for the symmetrical installation of two external components at once, effectively ensuring the symmetry of the external component positions. However, this fixture is difficult to use when the external components of the housing are unevenly distributed, resulting in poor versatility. Therefore, this application anticipates a device capable of assembling integrated components with complex structures and a large number of external components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problem in the prior art that there is no technical method to coordinate and assist in positioning the complex external components when assembling them in a large number, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for assembling complex external components in an integrated manner.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] In one aspect, this embodiment provides an apparatus for integrally assembling complex external components, including an axial positioning assembly, and a first positioning block, a second positioning block, a third positioning block and a fixing ring disposed on the axial positioning assembly. The fixing ring is used to connect the workpiece to be processed, and the first positioning block, the second positioning block and the third positioning block are all used to position the external components.

[0007] The first, second, and third positioning blocks each include a bent section, one end of which is detachably connected to the axial positioning assembly, and the other end abuts against the side wall of the workpiece to be processed. The central angle of the bent section of the first and second positioning blocks is greater than or equal to a preset angle, and the central angle of the bent section of the third positioning block is less than a preset angle. The preset angle is determined based on the coordinate point of the horizontal projection of the outer component onto the workpiece. The abutting end of the first and third positioning blocks is provided with a vertically downward limiting plate, or the abutting end is provided with a horizontal protrusion on the side wall away from the workpiece. The abutting end of the second positioning block is provided with a horizontal extension section, the extension section is provided with a vertically downward limiting plate, or the side wall away from the workpiece is provided with a horizontal protrusion. The limiting plate and the protrusion are used to abut against the preset abutting area of ​​the outer component.

[0008] Furthermore, the dimensions of the first positioning block, the second positioning block, and the third positioning block, when combined with the limiting plate or the protrusion, are adapted to the structural dimensions of the preset contact area of ​​the corresponding external component.

[0009] Furthermore, the bent sections of the first, second, and third positioning blocks have arc-shaped abutment ends, which fit against the outer wall of the housing to be processed.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixing ring includes a first segment and a second segment arranged symmetrically. Both the first segment and the second segment include a bent segment and an arc segment. The structure of the bent segment is adapted to the structure of the axial positioning component, and the structure of the arc segment is adapted to the structure of the outer wall of the shell to be processed. The bottoms of the first segment and the second segment are fitted and hinged.

[0011] Furthermore, the bump is a rounded cuboid structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the axial positioning assembly includes two parallel axial positioning plates, and a first limiting support block, a locking block, and a second limiting support block that are detachably connected to the axial positioning plates.

[0013] The first limiting support block is a T-shaped platform structure, including a large end and a small end. The small end is embedded between two axial positioning plates, and the large end is connected to the upper surface of the two axial positioning plates respectively. The locking block is a C-shaped structure, and the bent part of the C-shaped structure is locked to the outer wall of the two axial positioning plates. The second limiting support block is a strip structure, with both ends connected to the ends of the two axial positioning plates respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the surface of the small end of the first limiting support block is an arc-shaped surface that is adapted to the surface structure of the shell to be processed.

[0015] On the other hand, this embodiment provides a method for integrally assembling complex external components, including the following steps:

[0016] Step S1: Based on the assembly drawings of the external components, divide the shell to be processed into four quadrants along the axis, determine the coordinates of the horizontal projection of all external components on the shell to be processed in each quadrant, and use them as the projection coordinate point dataset.

[0017] Step S2: Select the median coordinate point in the projection coordinate point dataset, and use the line connecting the median coordinate point to the center point of the housing to be processed as the dividing line. The angle between the dividing line and the vertical coordinate of the quadrant is a preset angle. Within the quadrant, the corresponding external parts whose coordinate point data is within the preset angle are all assisted in positioning using the third positioning block. The corresponding external parts whose coordinate point data is at the preset angle, as well as those inside and outside the preset angle, are all assisted in positioning using the first positioning block.

[0018] Step S3: Based on the structure of the external component, set the preset abutment area, and based on the structure of the abutment point, select the limiting plate or protrusion as the abutment member. Based on the size of the external component, set the structural size of the first positioning block or the third positioning block at the corresponding position.

[0019] Step S4: Use a retaining ring to fix the axial positioning assembly to the upper side of the first and second quadrants of the housing to be processed. Install the first or third positioning block with the corresponding position and size on both sides of the axial positioning assembly. After the preset abutment area of ​​the outer part abuts with the first or third positioning block, weld until all the outer parts in the first and second quadrants are welded.

[0020] Step S5: Use a retaining ring to fix the axial positioning component to the upper side of the third and fourth quadrants of the housing to be processed. Install the first or third positioning block with the corresponding position and size on both sides of the axial positioning component. After the preset abutment area of ​​the outer part abuts with the first or third positioning block, weld until all the outer parts in the third and fourth quadrants are welded.

[0021] Furthermore, if multiple external components are provided in the same quadrant and on the same cross section of the shell to be processed, and the horizontal projection coordinates of the multiple external components on the shell to be processed are located within and outside the preset angle, then any external component is selected for auxiliary positioning within and outside the preset angle. A third positioning block is used for auxiliary positioning within the preset angle, and a second positioning block is used for auxiliary positioning outside the preset angle.

[0022] After all external components are welded, for external components that have not been assisted in positioning, the first or third positioning block is selected for assisted positioning based on the position of the horizontal projection coordinate point on the shell to be processed.

[0023] Furthermore, after the preset contact area of ​​the outer component comes into contact with the first positioning block, the second positioning block and the third positioning block, at least the welding point of the outer component is retained.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0025] This application provides an apparatus and method for integrally assembling complex external components. The apparatus includes an axial positioning component, and a first positioning block, a second positioning block, a third positioning block, and a fixing ring disposed on the axial positioning component. The fixing ring is used to connect the workpiece to be processed. The first, second, and third positioning blocks are all used to position the external component. Limiting plates or protrusions are provided on the first, second, and third positioning blocks, and the selection of the limiting plates or protrusions is based on the structural shape of the preset abutment area of ​​the external component. This method selects the median of all projected positions of the external component on the horizontal projection position of the shell to be processed as a dividing line. Based on the dividing line, the corresponding first or third positioning block is matched to the external component for auxiliary positioning. By selecting positioning blocks with different structures, structural interference between the positioning blocks and the external component, as well as between positioning blocks themselves, can be reduced, while also providing more welding operation space on the surface of the shell to be processed. The second positioning block, by providing an extension section, can provide auxiliary positioning in cases where unavoidable structural interference exists. This application utilizes a combined integral external component assembly fixture, which greatly simplifies the scribing process and enables high-quality and rapid assembly of complex external components. Product verification shows that the assembly positioning accuracy of this application for a complex external component meets the process requirement of ≤0.5mm, while avoiding deviations that occur during manual alignment assembly, effectively ensuring product consistency. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for integrally assembling complex external components according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0027] Figure 2 A front view of the first positioning block according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0028] Figure 3 A side view of the first positioning block according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0029] Figure 4 A top view of the first positioning block according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0030] Figure 5 A front view of the fixing ring according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0031] Figure 6 A front view of the third positioning block according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0032] Figure 7 A side view of the third positioning block according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0033] Figure 8 A top view of the third positioning block according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0034] Figure 9 A front view of the first limiting support block according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0035] Figure 10 A top view of the first limiting support block according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] Figure 11 A top view of an axial positioning plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0037] Figure 12 A side view of a card block according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0038] Figure 13 A front view of the irregularly shaped external component according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0039] Figure 14 A side view of an irregularly shaped external component according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0040] In the figure, 1-first positioning block; 2-second positioning block; 3-fixing ring; 4-third positioning block; 5-first limiting support block; 6-axial positioning plate; 7-block; 8-second limiting support block; 9-limiting plate; 10-protrusion; 11-extension section. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] This disclosure provides an apparatus for integrally assembling complex external components, which simplifies the scribing process and enables high-quality, rapid assembly of complex external components. It should be noted that... Figure 13 and Figure 14 The front view and side view of the irregularly shaped external component according to an embodiment of this disclosure are shown respectively, as follows: Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, irregularly shaped external parts cannot be directly positioned on the shell surface. Therefore, an auxiliary positioning method is required to install them in the preset position on the shell to be processed.

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for integrally assembling complex external components according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes an axial positioning assembly, and a first positioning block 1, a second positioning block 2, a third positioning block 4 and a fixing ring 3 disposed on the axial positioning assembly. The fixing ring 3 is used to connect the workpiece to be processed, and the first positioning block 1, the second positioning block 2 and the third positioning block 4 are all used to position external components.

[0044] The first positioning block 1, the second positioning block 2, and the third positioning block 4 all include a bent section. One end of the bent section is detachably connected to the axial positioning assembly, and the other end abuts against the side wall of the workpiece to be processed. The central angle of the bent section of the first positioning block 1 and the second positioning block 2 is greater than or equal to a preset angle, and the central angle of the bent section of the third positioning block 4 is less than a preset angle. The preset angle is determined based on the coordinate point of the horizontal projection of the outer component onto the workpiece. The abutting end of the first positioning block 1 and the third positioning block 4 is provided with a vertically downward limiting plate 9, or the abutting end is provided with a horizontal protrusion 10 on the side wall away from the workpiece. The abutting end of the second positioning block 2 is provided with a horizontal extension section 11, and the extension section 11 is provided with a vertically downward limiting plate 9, or the side wall away from the workpiece is provided with a horizontal protrusion 10. The limiting plate 9 and the protrusion 10 are used to abut against the preset abutting area of ​​the outer component.

[0045] It should be noted that the preset angle is determined based on the horizontal projection position of the external component on the shell to be processed. By dividing the horizontal projection position, different positioning blocks are matched for different external components.

[0046] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the first positioning block 1, the second positioning block 2, and the third positioning block 4, when combined with the limiting plate 9 or the protrusion 10, are adapted to the structural dimensions of the preset abutment area of ​​the corresponding external component. It should be noted that the structural dimensions of the first positioning block 1, the second positioning block 2, and the third positioning block 4 are not fixed; they are all designed based on the dimensions of the preset abutment area of ​​the corresponding external component. However, the central angle of their bent sections is within a preset angle range.

[0047] In this embodiment, the bent sections of the first positioning block 1, the second positioning block 2, and the third positioning block 4 have arc-shaped abutment ends, which fit against the outer wall of the housing to be processed. Specifically, when using the first positioning block 1, the second positioning block 2, and the third positioning block 4 to assist in positioning external components, the accuracy of their positions must be ensured first. Therefore, setting the bent section abutment ends to be arc-shaped abutment ends that fit against the outer wall of the housing to be processed can improve the accuracy of the relative positions of these positioning blocks and the housing to be processed, and prevent tilting, misalignment, and other issues that may occur during installation.

[0048] Figure 5 A front view of the fixing ring 3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the fixing ring 3 includes a symmetrically arranged first segment and a second segment. Both the first and second segments include a bent segment and an arc segment. The structure of the bent segment is adapted to the structure of the axial positioning component, and the structure of the arc segment is adapted to the structure of the outer wall of the housing to be processed. The bottoms of the first and second segments are fitted and hinged. Specifically, the bent segment is detachably connected to the axial positioning component by bolts, and the arc segment is used to fit onto the outer wall of the housing to be processed.

[0049] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the protrusion 10 is a rounded cuboid structure. Specifically, Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The following diagrams illustrate the front view, side view, and top view of the protrusion 10 disposed on the third positioning block 4 in this embodiment. The protrusion 10 is located on the outer wall of the bent section of the third positioning block 4 and has a rounded cuboid structure. Its rounded corners engage with the arc-shaped corners of the outer component, such as chamfers, arc-shaped bends, and arc-shaped transition surfaces. Its long side is used to engage with the adjacent sides of the arc-shaped corner. By cooperating with the contact surface between the outer component and the shell to be processed, three-point positioning of the outer component is achieved, enabling accurate positioning of the outer component on the surface of the shell to be processed.

[0050] Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The following are front, side and top views of the limiting plate 9 disposed on the first positioning block 1 in the embodiments of this disclosure. The limiting plate 9 is disposed on the lower surface of the bent section of the first positioning block 1. During auxiliary positioning, the lower surface of the bent section of the first positioning block 1 is abutted against a vertical surface of the outer component, and the limiting plate 9 is abutted against the adjacent vertical surface of the vertical surface. In conjunction with the contact surface between the outer component and the shell to be processed, three-point positioning of the outer component is realized, which can accurately position the outer component on the surface of the shell to be processed.

[0051] It should be noted that the protrusion 10 and the limiting plate 9 are selected based on the structure of the preset contact area of ​​the external component.

[0052] In this embodiment, the axial positioning assembly includes two parallel axial positioning plates 6, and a first limiting support block 5, a locking block 7, and a second limiting support block 8 detachably connected to the axial positioning plates 6; specifically... Figure 11 A top view of the axial positioning plate 6 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the upper surface of the axial positioning plate 6 is provided with multiple connecting holes. On the one hand, the connecting holes are used to connect the first limiting support block 5, the locking block 7 and the second limiting support block 8, so that the two axial positioning plates 6 are stably connected. On the other hand, the connecting holes are used to connect the first positioning block 1, the second positioning block 2 and the third positioning block 4.

[0053] Figure 9 and Figure 10The front view and top view of the first limiting support block 5 according to the present disclosure are shown respectively. The first limiting support block 5 is a T-shaped platform structure, including a large end and a small end. The small end is embedded between two axial positioning plates 6, and the large end is connected to the upper surface of the two axial positioning plates 6 respectively. The surface of the small end of the first limiting support block 5 is an arc-shaped surface adapted to the surface structure of the shell to be processed. The small end is used to prevent the two axial positioning plates 6 from being squeezed and deformed towards the closer side.

[0054] Figure 12 A side view of card block 7 according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown, as follows: Figure 12 As shown, the locking block 7 has a C-shaped structure. The bent part of the C-shaped structure is engaged with the outer wall of the two axial positioning plates 6. The locking block 7 is used to prevent the two axial positioning plates 6 from deforming away from the side.

[0055] The second limiting support block 8 is a strip structure, with both ends detachably connected to the ends of the two axial positioning plates 6 by fastening screws. It should be noted that multiple first limiting support blocks 5 and locking blocks 7 are spaced apart on the two axial positioning plates 6, and the number of first limiting support blocks 5 and locking blocks 7 is determined based on the mass of the shell to be processed and the number of positioning blocks.

[0056] This disclosure also provides a method for integrally assembling complex external components, including the following steps:

[0057] Step S1: Based on the assembly drawings of the external components, divide the shell to be processed into four quadrants along the axis, determine the coordinates of the horizontal projection of all external components on the shell to be processed in each quadrant, and use them as the projection coordinate point dataset.

[0058] Step S2: Select the median coordinate point in the projection coordinate point dataset and use the line connecting it to the center point of the housing to be processed as the dividing line. The angle between the dividing line and the vertical coordinate of the quadrant is a preset angle. Within the quadrant, the corresponding external parts whose coordinate point data is within the preset angle are all assisted in positioning using the third positioning block 4. The corresponding external parts whose coordinate point data is at the preset angle and outside the preset angle are all assisted in positioning using the first positioning block 1.

[0059] Step S3: Based on the structure of the external component, set the preset abutment area, and based on the structure of the abutment point, select the limiting plate 9 or the protrusion 10 as the abutment member. Based on the size of the external component, set the structural size of the first positioning block 1 or the third positioning block 4 at the corresponding position.

[0060] Step S4: Use the fixing ring 3 to fix the axial positioning component to the upper side of the first and second quadrants of the housing to be processed. Install the first positioning block 1 or the third positioning block 4 with corresponding position and size on both sides of the axial positioning component. After the preset abutment area of ​​the outer part abuts with the first positioning block 1 or the third positioning block 4, weld until all the outer parts of the first and second quadrants are welded.

[0061] Step S5: Use the fixing ring 3 to fix the axial positioning component to the upper side of the third and fourth quadrants of the housing to be processed. Install the first positioning block 1 or the third positioning block 4 with corresponding position and size on both sides of the axial positioning component. After the preset abutment area of ​​the outer part abuts with the first positioning block 1 or the third positioning block 4, weld until all the outer parts of the third and fourth quadrants are welded.

[0062] It should be noted that in step S2, if there are a large number of external components in a quadrant, those skilled in the art can divide multiple dividing lines based on the concentration of the external component projection coordinate point dataset, form multiple preset angles through the dividing lines, and match more bending segments with different central angles. By selecting positioning blocks with different structures, structural interference between positioning blocks and external components, as well as between positioning blocks, can be reduced, while also providing more welding operation space on the surface of the shell to be processed.

[0063] In this embodiment of the disclosure, if multiple external components are provided in the same quadrant and on the same cross section of the shell to be processed, and the horizontal projection coordinates of the multiple external components on the shell to be processed are respectively located within and outside a preset angle, then any external component is selected for auxiliary positioning within and outside the preset angle. Within the preset angle, a third positioning block 4 is used for auxiliary positioning, and outside the preset angle, a second positioning block 2 is used for auxiliary positioning.

[0064] After all external components are welded, for external components that have not been assisted in positioning, the first positioning block 1 or the third positioning block 4 is selected for assisted positioning based on the position of the horizontal projection coordinate point on the shell to be processed.

[0065] It should be noted that when more than two external components need to be installed on the same cross section in a certain quadrant, if multiple positioning blocks are used for positioning at the same time, structural interference may occur. Therefore, only one external component located within or outside the preset angle range is first assisted in positioning. After the partial welding is completed, the remaining unwelded external components are then supplemented with auxiliary positioning and welding.

[0066] Furthermore, after the preset contact area of ​​the outer component comes into contact with the first positioning block 1, the second positioning block 2, and the third positioning block 4, at least the welding point of the outer component is retained. Specifically, for the outer component after auxiliary positioning, positioning welding is performed first. Positioning welding involves welding a point between the outer component and the surface of the shell to be processed. Then, the position of the outer component is calibrated. If the position requirements are met, complete welding is performed. Therefore, sufficient welding operation space should be provided for the welding torch to extend into the welding area.

Claims

1. An apparatus for assembling an exterior part of a complex structure in one piece, characterized in that, The device comprises an axial positioning assembly, a first positioning block (1), a second positioning block (2), a third positioning block (4) and a fixing ring (3) arranged on the axial positioning assembly, the fixing ring (3) is used for connecting a workpiece, and the first positioning block (1), the second positioning block (2) and the third positioning block (4) are used for positioning an external part; The first positioning block (1), the second positioning block (2) and the third positioning block (4) each comprise a bent section, one end of the bent section is detachably connected to the axial positioning assembly, and the other end abuts against a side wall of the workpiece; the central angle of the bent section of the first positioning block (1) and the second positioning block (2) is greater than or equal to a preset angle, the central angle of the bent section of the third positioning block (4) is less than the preset angle, the preset angle is determined based on coordinate points of a horizontal projection of the external part on the workpiece; and the abutting end of the first positioning block (1) and the third positioning block (4) is provided with a vertical downward limiting plate (9), or a horizontal protrusion (10) is arranged on the side wall of the abutting end away from the workpiece, and the abutting end of the second positioning block (2) is provided with a horizontal extension section (11), the extension section (11) is provided with a vertical downward limiting plate (9), or a horizontal protrusion (10) is arranged on the side wall away from the workpiece, and the limiting plate (9) and the protrusion (10) are used for abutting against a preset abutting region of the external part.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein The size of the first positioning block (1), the second positioning block (2) and the third positioning block (4) combined with the limiting plate (9) or the protrusion (10) is adapted to the structural size of the preset abutting region of the corresponding external part.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein The abutting end of the bent section of the first positioning block (1), the second positioning block (2) and the third positioning block (4) is an arc surface, and the arc surface is fitted to the outer wall of the workpiece.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein The fixing ring (3) comprises a first section and a second section arranged symmetrically, the first section and the second section each comprise a bent section and an arc section, the structure of the bent section is adapted to the structure of the axial positioning assembly, the structure of the arc section is adapted to the structure of the outer wall of the workpiece, and the bottom of the first section and the second section are embedded and hinged.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein The protrusion (10) is a round rectangular prism structure.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein The axial positioning assembly comprises two parallel axial positioning plates (6), and a first limiting support block (5), a clamping block (7) and a second limiting support block (8) detachably connected to the axial positioning plates (6); The first limiting support block (5) is a T-shaped table structure, comprising a large end and a small end, the small end is embedded between the two axial positioning plates (6), and the large end is connected to the upper surfaces of the two axial positioning plates (6); the clamping block (7) is a C-shaped structure, and the bent part of the C-shaped structure is clamped to the outer side walls of the two axial positioning plates (6); and the second limiting support block (8) is a strip structure, and the two ends thereof are connected to the end portions of the two axial positioning plates (6).

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The surface of the small end of the first limiting support block (5) is an arc surface adapted to the surface structure of the workpiece.

8. A method of assembling an exterior part of a complex structure in one piece, characterized in that, The device for assembling an external part of a complex structure in one piece according to any one of claims 1-7 comprises the following steps: Step S1: based on the assembly drawing of the external parts, divide the shell to be machined into four quadrants along the axis, respectively judge the coordinate points of the horizontal projection of all external parts in each quadrant on the shell to be machined, and take them as the projection coordinate point data set; Step S2: select the median coordinate point in the projection coordinate point data set, and take the line connecting the median coordinate point and the axis point of the shell to be machined as the division line, the angle between the division line and the longitudinal coordinate of the quadrant is a preset angle; in the quadrant, the corresponding external parts whose coordinate point data are located within the preset angle are positioned by the third positioning block (4), and the corresponding external parts whose coordinate point data are located on the preset angle and outside the preset angle are positioned by the first positioning block (1); Step S3: set the preset abutting area based on the structure of the external parts, select the limiting plate (9) or the protrusion (10) as the abutting piece based on the structure of the abutting point, and set the structure size of the first positioning block (1) or the third positioning block (4) at the corresponding position based on the size of the external parts; Step S4: fix the axial positioning assembly on the upper side of the first and second quadrants of the shell to be machined by the fixing ring (3), install the first positioning block (1) or the third positioning block (4) of the corresponding position and size on both sides of the axial positioning assembly, abut the preset abutting area of the external parts with the first positioning block (1) or the third positioning block (4), and then weld, until the external parts in the first and second quadrants are completely welded; Step S5: fix the axial positioning assembly on the upper side of the third and fourth quadrants of the shell to be machined by the fixing ring (3), install the first positioning block (1) or the third positioning block (4) of the corresponding position and size on both sides of the axial positioning assembly, abut the preset abutting area of the external parts with the first positioning block (1) or the third positioning block (4), and then weld, until the external parts in the third and fourth quadrants are completely welded.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein If there are multiple external parts in the same quadrant and on the same cross section of the shell to be machined, and the horizontal projection coordinate points of the multiple external parts on the shell to be machined are located within and outside the preset angle range, respectively, any external part within and outside the preset angle range is selected for auxiliary positioning, the third positioning block (4) is used for auxiliary positioning within the preset angle range, and the second positioning block (2) is used for auxiliary positioning outside the preset angle range; After all the external parts are welded, the external parts that are not subjected to auxiliary positioning are selected for auxiliary positioning by the first positioning block (1) or the third positioning block (4) based on the position of the horizontal projection coordinate point on the shell to be machined.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises, The preset abutting area of the external parts at least retains the welding points of the external parts after contacting the first positioning block (1), the second positioning block (2) and the third positioning block (4).

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