The invention provides a device and method for integrally assembling complex structure external parts, the device comprises an axial positioning
assembly, and a first positioning block, a second positioning block, a third positioning block and a fixing ring which are arranged on the axial positioning
assembly, the fixing ring is used for being connected with a to-be-machined part, and the first positioning block, the second positioning block, the third positioning block and the fixing ring are arranged on the axial positioning
assembly. The first positioning block, the second positioning block and the third positioning block are all used for positioning an external part, limiting plates or protruding blocks are arranged on the first positioning block, the second positioning block and the third positioning block, and selection of the limiting plates or the protruding blocks is based on the structural shape of a preset abutting area of the external part; according to the method, on the basis of the
horizontal projection positions of the external part on the shell to be machined, the median of all the projection positions is selected as the distinguishing line, the corresponding first positioning block or fourth positioning block is matched for the external part on the basis of the distinguishing line for auxiliary positioning, and by selecting the positioning blocks of different structures, structural interference can be reduced; and meanwhile, more
welding operation space for the surface of the shell to be machined can be provided.