Preparation method of silphium perfoliatum beef cattle breeding feed

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of silphium perfoliatum beef cattle breeding feed, and relates to the field of beef cattle feed. The silphium perfoliatum beef cattle breeding feed mainly consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of silphium perfoliatum dry powder; 20 to 40 parts of crop straw powder; 5 to 15 parts of an energy supplement; 1-5 parts of a mineral premix; 0.1 to 1 part of a vitamin premix; the protein content of the silphium perfoliatum dry powder is not lower than 24%, and the crude fiber content of the silphium perfoliatum dry powder is not higher than 18%. The feed is prepared by taking silphium perfoliatum planted without chemical fertilizers and pesticides as a core, performing pretreatment of kneading, drying and crushing, matching straw fine powder in proportion, adding energy supplements, mineral substances and the like for compounding, stirring and granulating. Application shows that the feed is balanced in nutrition, can improve the daily average weight gain of beef cattle, reduce the morbidity, optimize the beef quality and reduce the breeding cost, and is suitable for large-scale beef cattle breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of beef cattle feed, specifically a method for formulating feed for beef cattle raised on pine needles. Background Technology

[0002] In the beef cattle farming industry, the rationality and safety of the feed system directly affect farming efficiency and product quality. Currently, there are several prominent problems in feed formulation within the industry: First, feed is highly dependent on grains, with corn, soybean meal, and other grain raw materials accounting for an excessive proportion. Due to limited arable land resources, the contradiction between grain supply and demand is intensifying, leading to a continuous rise in feed costs. Second, in pursuit of faster growth and higher farming efficiency, large amounts of synthetic amino acids (such as methionine and lysine) and hormone-based chemical additives are added to feed. These substances remain in the cattle's bodies, raising concerns about the safety of beef products and posing potential health risks to humans with long-term consumption. Third, traditional straw-based feeds (such as corn stalks and wheat straw) have limited nutritional content and low digestibility, and can only be used as filler, failing to provide the comprehensive nutrition needed for cattle growth. This results in prolonged growth cycles, low feed conversion rates, and high farming costs. Fourth, traditional feeds lack effective regulation of the intestinal microecology of beef cattle, leading to weaker immunity and higher morbidity rates, further increasing farming risks and costs.

[0003] Therefore, developing a feed formulation method that can reduce grain consumption, control breeding costs, ensure the safety of beef products, and improve breeding efficiency and beef quality has become a pressing technical challenge in the beef cattle breeding industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for formulating feed for beef cattle using pine needles, which solves the problems of traditional beef cattle feed relying on grains, containing chemical additives leading to meat safety risks, and straw feed having a single nutritional profile, slow growth of beef cattle, and high morbidity.

[0005] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a complete compound feed for beef cattle, mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: Dry powder of clematis leaves: 40-60 parts Crop straw powder: 20-40 parts Energy supplement: 5-15 servings Mineral premix: 1-5 parts Vitamin premix: 0.1-1 part Probiotic preparation: 0.01-0.1 parts The protein content of the dried pine needle herb powder is not less than 24%, and the crude fiber content is not more than 18%.

[0006] Preferably, the crop straw powder is selected from one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, oat straw, and bean straw, and its particle size is 10-60 mesh.

[0007] Preferably, the energy supplement is selected from one or more combinations of corn flour, wheat bran, wheat middlings, and beet meal.

[0008] Preferably, the mineral premix contains elements such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium, wherein the calcium content is 0.5-1.5% and the phosphorus content is 0.3-0.8%.

[0009] Preferably, the vitamin premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, B vitamins, etc., wherein the vitamin E content is not less than 500 IU / kg.

[0010] Preferably, the probiotic preparation is selected from one or more combinations of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, and its live bacteria count is not less than 1×10^8 CFU / g.

[0011] A method for preparing a complete feed for beef cattle using *Silphium perfoliatum* (a type of herb), comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Fresh clematis is chopped and dried at a low temperature of 60-80℃ until the moisture content is 10-15%, and then pulverized to 20-60 mesh to obtain clematis powder. Crop straw is shredded and crushed to 10-60 mesh to obtain crop straw powder. S2. Mixing: According to the weight proportions described in claim 1, the dried powder of pine needle herb, the crop straw powder, and the energy supplement are put into a mixer and mixed for 5-10 minutes. Then add the mineral premix, vitamin premix, and probiotic preparation, and continue mixing for 5-10 minutes until well mixed; S3. Pelletizing: The uniformly mixed material is fed into a pellet mill and pelletized at a temperature of 70-90℃ and a pressure of 20-30MPa to obtain pellet feed. S4. Cooling and Screening: Cool the prepared pelleted feed to room temperature, then screen it to remove unqualified pellets and obtain the finished product.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the fresh clematis is grown without the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to ensure its natural and green quality.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, after pelleting, the pelleted feed is further subjected to a cooking process at a temperature of 90-100°C for 5-10 minutes to improve palatability and digestibility.

[0014] Beneficial effects This invention provides a method for formulating feed for beef cattle using *Silphium perfoliatum*. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention provides a method for formulating feed for beef cattle using *Silphium perfoliatum* (a type of purslane). This invention significantly optimizes the nutritional structure of the feed by scientifically compounding *Silphium perfoliatum*, crop straw, energy supplements, mineral premixes, vitamin premixes, and probiotic preparations. The feed contains at least 24% protein with a balanced amino acid composition (including cystine, methionine, leucine, and other amino acids), and the crude fiber content is controlled at 15-18%, fully meeting the nutritional needs of beef cattle for growth and development. Actual breeding verification shows that feeding beef cattle with this feed results in an average daily weight gain of 1.6-2.1 kg, an efficiency improvement of 12-18% compared to traditional feed, while also increasing feed conversion rate by 10-15%, significantly reducing breeding costs.

[0015] 2. This invention provides a method for formulating feed for beef cattle using *Silphium perfoliatum* (a type of fragrant herb). The feed uses *Silphium perfoliatum*, grown without chemical fertilizers or pesticides, as its core ingredient, and contains no chemical additives throughout the entire process, ensuring the natural and green attributes of the beef product from the source. Furthermore, the addition of probiotics effectively regulates the intestinal microecology of beef cattle, promotes the colonization of beneficial bacteria, inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria, significantly enhances the immunity of beef cattle, and reduces the incidence of disease to below 5%. The resulting beef has a 10-15% increase in unsaturated fatty acids and a 8-12% decrease in cholesterol, resulting in tender meat with excellent taste, perfectly meeting the current market demand for green, high-quality beef and possessing extremely high market competitiveness. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing feed for beef cattle using *Silphium perfoliatum* (a type of pine needle herb), and the specific steps are as follows: Raw material pretreatment: Fresh *Cephalotaxus fortunei* grass grown in Liangcheng County, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia (without chemical fertilizers or pesticides) was selected. After being processed by a tumbling machine, it was dried at 70℃ to a moisture content of 12%. Subsequently, it was pulverized to 40 mesh to obtain *Cephalotaxus fortunei* fine powder. The core nutritional components and amino acid content of this fine powder are shown in the table below: Table 1: Nutritional composition test results of fine powder from *Silphium schreberi* in Example 1 ; Local corn stalks and wheat stalks are mixed in a 1:1 ratio, processed by a tumbling and pulverizing equipment, and then crushed to 30 mesh to obtain fine straw powder for later use.

[0018] Raw material compounding: Weigh out 50 parts by weight of fine powder of *Silphium styracifolium* and 75 parts by weight of fine powder of straw (mass ratio 1:1.5), add 6 parts of corn flour (energy supplement), 2 parts of mineral premix (calcium content 1.0%, phosphorus content 0.5%), 0.3 parts of vitamin premix (vitamin E content 650 IU / kg), and 0.03 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation (live count 3 × 10⁻⁶). 8 (CFU / g), placed in a mixer.

[0019] Stirring and granulation: Start the mixer and stir the above raw materials for 12 minutes until they are evenly mixed. Then feed them into the pellet mill and press them into grass pellets with a diameter of 4 mm under the conditions of 80℃ and 28MPa. After pelleting, let them cool naturally to room temperature and sieve to remove broken particles with a diameter of less than 2 mm to obtain the finished feed.

[0020] Feed testing and application: The finished feed, after testing, showed a protein content of 24.2% and a crude fiber content of 16.8%, with no chemical additive residues. Twenty healthy beef cattle, each weighing 250 kg, were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was fed the finished feed described in this example, while the control group was fed a traditional straw and grain feed. Both groups received 3% of their body weight daily and had free access to water. After 90 days of rearing, the growth and health data of the two groups were compared as shown in the table below: Table 2: Comparison of Beef Cattle Farming Effects in Example 1 ; Example 2 This embodiment provides another method for preparing feed for beef cattle using *Silphium perfoliatum*, the specific steps of which are as follows: Raw material pretreatment: Fresh *Cephalotaxus fortunei* grass grown in Shangdu County, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia (without chemical fertilizers or pesticides) was selected. After being processed by kneading, it was dried at 65℃ until the moisture content was 14%, and then pulverized to 30 mesh to obtain *Cephalotaxus fortunei* fine powder. The core nutritional components of this fine powder were tested and found to be: protein 24.5%, crude fat 2.65%, crude fiber 16.7%, potassium 2.28%, rocardin 4.25%, aspartic acid 9.9%, arginine 6.5%, and total amino acid content 5.55%.

[0021] Select oat straw, knead and crush it to 20 mesh to obtain fine straw powder, and set it aside for later use.

[0022] Raw material compounding: Weigh out 45 parts by weight of fine powder of clematis chinensis and 67.5 parts by weight of fine powder of straw (mass ratio 1:1.5), add 5 parts of wheat bran (energy supplement), 1.5 parts of mineral premix (calcium content 0.9%, phosphorus content 0.45%), 0.2 parts of vitamin premix (vitamin E content 600 IU / kg), and 0.02 parts of lactic acid bacteria preparation (live bacteria count 2×10⁻⁶). 8 (CFU / g), put into the mixer.

[0023] Stirring and granulation: The raw materials are mixed in a mixer for 10 minutes until uniform, then fed into a pellet mill to produce grass pellets with a diameter of 5 mm under the conditions of 78℃ and 26MPa. After cooling to room temperature, the pellets are screened to remove unqualified pellets and obtain the finished feed.

[0024] Feed testing and application: The finished feed contained 23.8% protein and 17.2% crude fiber, with no chemical residues. Twenty beef cattle weighing 260 kg were selected. The experimental group was fed the feed described in this example, while the control group was fed traditional ammoniated feed. The rearing period was 90 days. The growth and beef quality data of the two groups are compared in the table below: Table 3: Comparison of beef cattle growth and beef quality in Example 2 ; Example 3 This embodiment provides a third method for preparing feed for beef cattle using *Silphium perfoliatum* (a type of pine needle herb), and the specific steps are as follows: Raw material pretreatment: Fresh *Cymbidium faberi* grass grown in Chayouhou Banner was selected, kneaded and dried at 75℃ until the moisture content was 11%, and then pulverized to 50 mesh to obtain fine powder of *Cymbidium faberi* grass. Its core test data are as follows: protein 24.6%, crude fat 2.7%, crude fiber 16.5%, vitamin content 65%, lysine 6.3%, arginine 6.5%, isoleucine 5.3%, and total amino acid content 5.56%.

[0025] Select corn stalks and oat stalks, mix them in a 2:1 ratio, knead and pulverize them to 40 mesh to obtain straw powder.

[0026] Raw material compounding: Weigh out 55 parts of fine powdered clematis and 82.5 parts of fine powdered straw, add 8 parts of a mixed energy supplement of corn flour and wheat bran (mass ratio 1:1), 3 parts of a mineral premix (calcium 1.2%, phosphorus 0.6%), 0.5 parts of a vitamin premix (vitamin E 700 IU / kg), and 0.05 parts of a compound preparation of Bacillus subtilis and yeast (live count 4 × 10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g).

[0027] Stirring and granulation: After mixing the raw materials for 15 minutes, the mixture is granulated at 85℃ and 30MPa to obtain particles with a diameter of 3mm. After cooling and sieving, the finished product is obtained.

[0028] Application effect: The performance data of this finished feed after feeding beef cattle are shown in the table below, demonstrating significant advantages compared to traditional feed: Table 4: Feed Application Effect Data in Example 3 ; Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A complete compound feed for beef cattle breeding with Serpentine, characterized in that it comprises: It is mainly composed of the following raw materials by weight: ​ Dry powder of Salvia rosmarinus: 40-60 parts Crop straw powder: 20-40 parts Energy supplement: 5-15 parts Mineral premix: 1-5 parts Vitamin premix: 0.1-1 part Probiotic preparation: 0.01-0.1 part Among them, the protein content of the dry powder of Salvia rosmarinus is not less than 24%, and the crude fiber content is not higher than 18%.

2. The Silphium laciniatum meat cow breeding complete mixed feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crop straw powder is selected from one or more combinations of corn straw, wheat straw, barley straw, and bean straw, and the particle size is 10-60 mesh.

3. The Silphium laciniatum meat cow breeding complete mixed feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy supplement is selected from one or more combinations of corn flour, bran, and beet pulp.

4. The Silphium laciniatum meat cow breeding complete mixed feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral premix contains calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and other elements, wherein the content of calcium is 0.5-1.5%, and the content of phosphorus is 0.3-0.8%.

5. The Silphium laciniatum meat cow breeding complete mixed feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vitamin premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, B vitamins, etc., wherein the content of vitamin E is not less than 500 IU / kg.

6. The Silphium laciniatum meat cow breeding complete mixed feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probiotic preparation is selected from one or more combinations of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, and the viable bacterial count is not less than 1×10^8 CFU / g.

7. A method for preparing a complete compound feed for beef cattle as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Fresh Salvia rosmarinus is kneaded and cut, dried at 60-80°C to a moisture content of 10-15%, then pulverized to 20-60 mesh to obtain dry powder of Salvia rosmarinus; Crop straw is kneaded and cut, and pulverized to 10-60 mesh to obtain crop straw powder; S2. Mixing: According to the weight parts of claim 1, the dry powder of Salvia rosmarinus, crop straw powder, and energy supplement are put into a mixer and mixed for 5-10 minutes; Then add mineral premix, vitamin premix, and probiotic preparation, continue to mix for 5-10 minutes until uniform; S3. Granulation: The uniformly mixed material is sent into a granulator and granulated at a temperature of 70-90°C and a pressure of 20-30 MPa to obtain granular feed; S4. Cooling and screening: The prepared granular feed is cooled to room temperature, then screened to remove unqualified particles to obtain the finished product.

8. The method of formulating according to claim 7, wherein: In step S1, fresh Salvia rosmarinus is not applied with chemical fertilizers and pesticides during planting to ensure its natural green quality.

9. The method of formulating according to claim 7, wherein: In step S3, after granulation, the granular feed is also subjected to a curing treatment, the curing temperature is 90-100°C, and the curing time is 5-10 minutes to improve the palatability and digestibility of the feed.